Tuvans are a Turkic-speaking people. Until recently, Tuvans did not have either surnames or patronymics. When meeting Tuvans called their name. The name of the father of the Tuvan, about whom there was a conversation, could be called by strangers. If two Tuvans had the same names, then to distinguish between these people, the area where these people come from was indicated. Let's give an example: Eili-Khem churtug Biche ool. This means that "Biche-ool hails from Eiling-Khem." Tuvans in the Soviet era began to use patronymics. They got Tuvan surnames. The Tuvan population bore tribal names until recently. For example, Salchak, Mongush, Tyulyush, Khertek. During the entry into the USSR of Tuva in one thousand nine hundred and forty-four, slight difficulties arose during passportization. It turned out that the inhabitants of one village, taking the name of a clan or tribe as a surname, would have one surname. That is why it was recommended to use the first name as the surname, and the tribal name as the first name. Most of the Tuvan surnames were formed in this way. At present, one can meet the inhabitants of the Tuvan population with a personal name, where the name of the clan or tribe sounds like a name. Let's give an example: Salchak Kasygbay. The name is a tribal name, that is, Salchak, and the name Kasygbai is used as a surname. children wear Tuvan surnames parents. Therefore, female surnames were formed from male names. Let's give an example: Svetlana Bice-ool. Means "little boy". When forming Tuvan patronymics, affixes are borrowed from the Russian language. For example, Bice-oolovna or Bice-oolovich.
Tuvan surnames were often formed from Tuvan proper names. Tuvan proper names, depending on their origin, are divided into three groups. The first groats include primordially Tuvan names, that is, names from significant words. For example, the Tuvan name Anai, which means "goat", the Tuvan name Belek, which means "gift", the Tuvan name Maadyr, which means "hero", the Tuvan name Mergen, which means "wise", the Tuvan name Chechek, which means "flower ”, the Tuvan name Chechen, which means “graceful”. Tuvan proper names may have a two-component system. For example, the Tuvan name Aldyn-Kherel, which means "golden ray", the Tuvan name Anai-Saar, which means "younger boy", the Tuvan name Anai-Saar, which means "kid" or "to milk", the Tuvan name Belek-Bayyr, which means "gift" or "to give". The second component in male names is often the word "ool", which means "guy" or "boy". For example, the Tuvan name Ak-ool, which means "white boy", the Tuvan name Aldyn-ool, which means "golden boy", the Tuvan name Kara-ool, which means "black boy", the Tuvan name Kheimer-ool, which means " the youngest boy”, the Tuvan name Charash-ool, which means “beautiful boy”. The male names listed above will mean feminine if the second component of the name is replaced with the word "kys", which means "girl" or "girl". For example, the Tuvan name Ak-kys, which means "white girl", the Tuvan name Aldysh-kys, which means "golden girl", the Tuvan name Kara-kys, which means "black girl", the Tuvan name Kheimer-kys, which means " the youngest girl”, the Tuvan name Charash-kys, which means “beautiful girl”. You can replace the second component with the word "urug", which means "child" or "daughter". For example, the Tuvan name Ak-Urug, which means "white child", the Tuvan name Kara-Urug, which means "black child", the Tuvan name Charash-Urug, which means "beautiful child". In female Tuvan names there is an affix "maa", which goes back to the Tibetan word "mother". For example, the Tuvan female name Sailykma, which means "titmouse", the Tuvan female name Togarinmaa, which means "round", the Tuvan female name Chechekmaaa, which means "flower". In Tuvan names, different affixes are often added to the same root. This gives the names different shades. For example, the male name Burbu, by adding affixes, independent names are formed: Burbuzhal, Burbuzhap. In a similar way, from the word Lopsan, by adding various affixes, the names Lopsannaar, Lopsanmaa, Lopsanchap are formed. From the basis of Chalices, by adding affixes, the names Chash-ool, Chashpay and Chashpayak are formed. The second group of Tuvan proper names includes names that are associated with the Buddhist religion. These names, when they got into the Tuvan language, changed their original form through the influence of phonetic rules. The Tuvan population gave newborn children the names of Buddhist deities. For example, Dolchan, Dolgar, Shogzhal. Tuvan surnames were later formed from them: Dolchanov, Dolgarov, Shogzhalov. The names of sacred Buddhist books were used as personal names. Let us give an example, Dazhy-Segbe, Chadamba and Manzyrykchy. Buddhist concepts were also used as names, for example, Sotpa, which means "patience", Samdan, which means "deep contemplation" or "concentration of the spirit in oneself." A child could be given the names of the days of the week as a name, for example, the Tuvan name Baazan, which means "Friday", the Tuvan name Burdu, which means "Thursday", the Tuvan name Davaa, which means "Monday". As Tuvan names, words with wishes were used, words reflecting the qualities of a person. For example, the Tuvan name Seren, which means "longevity", the Tuvan name Chimit, which means "immortal". The third group of Tuvan surnames consists of names that were borrowed from the Russian language, and through it from other European languages. These names are written in the same way as in Russian, but there are slight deviations from the Russian language in their pronunciation.
The Tuvan language belongs to the Turkic language family. Naturally, therefore, the common Turkic layer is reflected in his vocabulary. But along with this, due to a number of historical reasons, Mongolian elements are represented in the lexical composition of the Tuvan language to a greater extent than in other Turkic languages. This can be seen in their own names as well.
Tuvan proper names can be divided into three groups according to their origin. The first group consists of native Tuvan names. These are significant words. For example, Anai'kid', Belek'present', Maadyr'hero', Mergen'wise', Chechek'flower', Chechen'elegant'.
Many Tuvan proper names consist of two components: Aldyn-Kherel‘golden ray’, Anai-Saar‘goat kid’, ‘to milk’, Belek-Bayir‘gift’, ‘holiday’.
The most common second component of male names is the word ool‘guy’, ‘boy’: Ak-ool‘white boy’, Aldyn-ool'Golden Boy', Kara-ool‘black boy’, Heimer-ool‘younger boy’, Charash-ool‘beautiful boy’, etc.
It is easy to turn the male names listed above into female ones by replacing their second element with the words kys‘girl’, ‘girl’ or Urug‘child’, ‘daughter’, which are indicators of female names:
Ak-kys‘white girl’ or Ak-Urug‘white child’, Aldyn-kys‘golden girl’, Kara-kys‘black girl’ or Kara-Urug‘black child’, Charash-Urug ‘beautiful child’, etc.
One of the indicators of female names is the affix - maa, going back to the Tibetan word for ‘mother’. For example: Sailykma a ‘titmouse’, Togarinmaa‘round’, Chechekmaa'flower'.
The addition of certain affixes to the same root, giving different shades to the main meaning, is a fairly common phenomenon in the formation of Tuvan names. Yes, from a male name Bourbu two independent names are formed by means of affixes: Burbuzhal And Bur6uzha n. Wed. also names Lopsanmaa, Lopsannaar, Lopsanchap from the base Lopsan or Chash-ool, Chashpay, Chashpayak from the base bowls and etc.
The second group includes names associated with the Buddhist religion. The names of this group, having got into the Tuvan language, under the influence of its phonetic laws, changed their original appearance. Tuvans, like the Mongols1, often gave newborns the names of Buddhist deities, such as Dolgar, Dolchan, Shogzhal.
Personal names may be the names of Buddhist sacred books. For example, Dazhy-Seg6e,Manzyrykchy, Chadam6a, as well as words expressing Buddhist philosophical concepts, such as sotpa'patience', Samdan‘deep contemplation’, ‘concentration of the spirit in oneself’, etc. In accordance with the child’s birthday, he was given the Tibetan names of the days of the week as a name. For example, Baazan'Friday', Bur6u'Thursday', Davaa'Monday'. As personal names, Tibetan words are also used with the meaning of good wishes, positive qualities: Serene'longevity', Chimit‘immortal’, etc. or Tibetan names of monastic ranks, monastic positions, lama academic degrees, religious rites, borrowed through the Mongolian language.
It should be noted that at present, Tuvan names proper or borrowed from the Russian language are preferred, and names associated with the Buddhist religion are given only according to tradition.
The third group includes names borrowed from the Russian language and through it from other European languages. The borrowing of names has especially intensified in recent decades. These names are written in the same way as in Russian, but there are some deviations from Russian in their pronunciation.
Names among Tuvans are more common than surnames. The person is known more by name than by surname. Until 1947, the old tribal names served as the surnames of the older generation.
In connection with the ordering of surnames (1947), since the tribal names that served as surnames are quantitatively limited, it was officially allowed for those who wished to take Russian,
names. As a result, the national name became a surname, and the borrowed one became a given name. For example, Davaa Alexander Maadyrovich, Kuskeldey Tamara Baiyrovna. Therefore, some of the names listed below are currently used as surnames, which is especially characteristic of the middle and younger generations. At present, tribal names also act as personal names or surnames.
In Tuvan surnames, there are no certain endings characteristic of Russian surnames.
In documents, the personal name is given in the second place after the surname, for example: Salchak Biche-ool Sotpaevich.
Patronymic is issued in two ways:
1. The corresponding Russian affixes are added to the name of the father: - ovich, -evich(for men), - ram, -evna(for women), for example: Kyzyl-oolovich, Kherelevich, Kyzyl-oolovna, Kherelevna.
2. The name of the father is given in the third place without the above affixes. It implies (but is not now written) the words oglu‘son’ or kyzy And uruu'daughter'. For example: Mongush Nikolai Kyzyl-ool, Tanova Maria Sedip.
_____________________________
1 See Namkhain Zhambal-Suren. Tibetan words in Mongolian. Candidate's abstract. dis. M., 1961, p. 17.
Buddhist names are names associated with Buddhism. Names of Buddhist origin are used in areas where Buddhism is currently practiced or was practiced in the past.
The main population of Buddhists lives in the countries of South, Southeast and East Asia: Bhutan, Vietnam, India, Cambodia, China (as well as the Chinese population of Singapore and Malaysia), Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Tibet, Sri Lanka, Japan . In Russia, Buddhism is practiced in Buryatia, Kalmykia, and Tuva.
For example, in India, where Buddhists are outnumbered by Hindus, Muslims, and Christians, Buddhist names persist today.
A little about Buddhism
Buddhism- a religious and philosophical doctrine of spiritual awakening, which appeared around the VI century BC. e. in ancient India. It is an ancient world religion. The founder of the teaching is Siddhartha Gautama, who later received the name Buddha Shakyamuni.
The term Buddhism first appeared in Europe in the 19th century.
Without understanding Buddhism, it is impossible to understand the culture of the East - Indian, Japanese, Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Buryat, Kalmyk, Tuvan, etc.
Buddhist names include:
Names given in Buddhist initiations (to monks)
Names in countries where Buddhism is the main religion. This includes:
Names associated with India, the birthplace of the Buddha (based on Sanskrit)
Names that are translations of the original words into another national language.
For example, in the Buryat, Kalmyk, Mongolian, Tuvan culture (among the peoples who adopted Buddhism from Tibet), there are names of Buddhist origin with roots from Sanskrit, Tibetan and national languages.
Based on the teachings of Buddhism, Buddhist names are often associated with characteristic features of Buddhism:
Names of Buddhist deities and symbols
Names related to consciousness, insight, calm mind, meditation
Names taken from book titles and prayer titles
Names from the Buddhist calendar.
Buddhist clergy have traditionally been involved in naming children, often using a calendar.
Buddhist names include the names of the Buryats, Kalmyks, Tuvans, Mongols, Thais, residents of Tibet:
Mongolian names
Thai names
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Our book "The Energy of Surnames"
The book "The Energy of the Name"
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Our email address: [email protected]
At the time of writing and publication of each of our articles, nothing of the kind is freely available on the Internet. Any of our information product is our intellectual property and is protected by the Law of the Russian Federation.
Any copying of our materials and their publication on the Internet or in other media without indicating our name is a violation of copyright and is punishable by the Law of the Russian Federation.
When reprinting any site materials, a link to the authors and the site - Oleg and Valentina Svetovid - required.
Buddhist names
Attention!
Sites and blogs have appeared on the Internet that are not our official sites, but use our name. Be careful. Fraudsters use our name, our email addresses for their mailing lists, information from our books and our websites. Using our name, they drag people into various magical forums and deceive (give advice and recommendations that can harm, or lure out money for magical rituals, making amulets and teaching magic).
On our sites, we do not provide links to magical forums or sites of magical healers. We do not participate in any forums. We do not give consultations by phone, we do not have time for this.
Note! We are not engaged in healing and magic, we do not make or sell talismans and amulets. We do not engage in magical and healing practices at all, we have not offered and do not offer such services.
The only direction of our work is correspondence consultations in writing, training through an esoteric club and writing books.
Sometimes people write to us that on some sites they saw information that we allegedly deceived someone - they took money for healing sessions or making amulets. We officially declare that this is slander, not true. In all our lives, we have never deceived anyone. On the pages of our site, in the materials of the club, we always write that you need to be an honest decent person. For us, an honest name is not an empty phrase.
People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The time has come when slander pays well. Now many are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to engage in slandering decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they are seriously worsening their karma, worsening their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It is pointless to talk with such people about conscience, about faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, he will never engage in deceit, slander, and fraud.
There are a lot of scammers, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor, hungry for money. The police and other regulatory agencies are not yet able to cope with the increasing influx of "Cheat for profit" insanity.
So please be careful!
Sincerely, Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Our official websites are:
Mongolian elements are introduced. This pattern is also reflected in proper names. They have long been important for the Tuvans.
History of the origin of names
Modern Tuvan names were borrowed from the Mongols, Russians, Turkic peoples.
More recently, the child was not named immediately, but months, and sometimes years after his birth. Back in the 19th century, the boy received his "male" name at the age of about 10 years or more. Before that, he was simply called "son", "little boy", "baby" and so on.
This tradition originates from the legends and epic tales of the Tuvans, where it is explained that the naming occurs only when a young man gets a horse and becomes a man. So, for example, one of the heroes of epic tales, Khan-Buddai, received a name when he began to go hunting and was able to tame his horse, and the hero of epic tales, Mege Sagaan-Toolai, received his name only before the trip for his bride.
Many Tuvan names are associated with the appearance of the child, his temperament or character. For example, Biche-ool is translated as "little boy", Kara-kys - "black girl", Uzun-ool - "long boy" and so on.
Often, the naming method reflects the strong desire of parents to see this or that trait in the baby, for example, Maadyr is translated as “hero”, Mergen is “wise”.
There are names among the people that were given by the name of a certain object: Despizhek - "trough".
Girls were often named after beautiful birds, plants, animals, for example, Sailykmaa - “titmouse”, Choduraa - “bird cherry”. The most common Tuvan female name is Chechek - "flower".
Sometimes children were named after the name of the area where the family lived, for example, Khemchik-ool (a river flowing into the Yenisei).
Even at the beginning of the 20th century, if children died in the family, then the child was given some kind of “terrible”, “bad” name in order to scare away the evil spirit. Along with a bad nickname, he was also given a worldly “real”, but it was not pronounced until the child grew up and got stronger. At present, this custom has disappeared, but among people of the older generation one can often meet persons with such names and surnames that arose on their basis.
Way of education
All Tuvan names by origin are divided into three groups:
- The first group is primordially national names: Mergen - "wise", Anai "goat", Chechen - "graceful", Belek - "gift", Chechek - "flower", Maadyr - "hero".
Many names are two-syllable, consisting of several components, for example, Belek-Bayyr - "gift and holiday", Aldyn-Kherel - "golden ray".
The most common component of Tuvan names for boys is the word "ool", which translates as "boy", "guy". For example, Aldyn-ool - "golden boy".
- The second group includes those associated with Buddhism, they were modified according to phonetic laws. Tuvans often named children after Buddhist deities, Dolchan, Dolgar, Shogzhal.
Children were also named after sacred Buddhist books, such as Manzyrykchy.
- The third group includes Russian or borrowed from other European languages.
It should be noted that names among Tuvans are used more often than surnames. A person is known by his personal nickname, in addition, until 1947, the surnames were the old names of the tribes.
The formation of surnames and patronymics
In 1947, Tuvans were allowed to take Russian names and surnames, since tribal names that served as surnames were quantitatively limited.
As a result of this process, national Tuvan names became surnames, and Russian borrowed names became given names. For example, Tamara Kuskeldey, Alexander Davaa. This is especially true for the younger and middle generation.
Tuvan surnames do not have certain endings that are typical for Russians.
Patronymics are formed in the following ways:
- Suffixes are added to the father's name: -evich, -ovich for men; -evna, -ram for women. For example, Kyzyl-oolovna, Kyzyl-oolo-vich.
- The father's name is placed in third place without a suffix. For example, Tanova Sofia Sedip, Mongush Alexander Kyzyl-ool.
Unusual men's
According to the prevailing folk tradition, parents called the child strange in order to protect him from danger. He was given an unusual or ugly nickname. For example, Kodur-ool means "lichen". Often a boy was called a woman's name, and a girl was called a man's. Sometimes the children were even given a nickname. It was believed that such methods of naming drove away evil spirits from the child.
List of beautiful Tuvan names:
- Aylan - "nightingale",
- Aykhaan - "lunar khan",
- Aldinkherel - "golden ray",
- Baazan - "Born on Friday",
- Baylak - "wealth",
- Belek - "educated",
- Bourbu - "born on Thursday",
- Maadyr - "hero"
- Mengiot - "mountain glacier"
- Mergen - "marksman",
- Chechen - "graceful",
- Chimit - "immortal".
For women
Among Tuvans, male names are easily converted into female ones, replacing the element “ool” with “kys”, which means “girl”, “girl”, or “urug” - “daughter”, “child”. For example, Aldyn-kys "golden girl", Ak-urug "white child".
One of the characteristic indicators of Tuvan names for girls is the component "maa", this is a Tibetan word that means "mother". For example, Sailykmaa - "titmouse", Chechekmaa - "flower".
List of popular Tuvan female names:
- Azunda - meaning unknown
- Aisuu - "moon water",
- Anai - "goat",
- Karakys - "black girl"
- Olcha - "good luck"
- Saar - "milkmaid",
- Sailykmaa - "titmouse",
- Syldysmaa - "star",
- Heralmaa - "ray",
- Kherel - "beam",
- Chechekmaa - "flower",
- Schenne - "peony"
- Shuru - "beautiful".
Instead of a conclusion
Recently, Tuvans, along with national names for naming children, use borrowed ones from the Russian language.
Modern male names are predominantly Tuvan (of Turkic origin), as well as Mongolian, Russian, European, Tibetan.
Men's are easy to recognize at the end - ool, women's in -kys, -maa, -urug.
For Tuvans, naming has always been of great importance, since they believed in a mystical, magical and spiritual connection between an object and a word. Therefore, children were called words meaning positive qualities of character. Also popular are the names formed from the name of the area in which the baby was born.
After the spread of Lamaism (16th century), Tuvans actively began to use Tibetan and Mongolian words and concepts for naming children. Buddhist names appeared - in honor of deities, philosophical terms, sacred books.
Often the lama chose the name for the child and whispered it into the right ear of the male child.
Tuvan names Tuvans (self-name Tuva) - one of the Turkic-speaking peoples, constituting the main population of Tuva; a significant number (about 20 thousand) of Tuvans live in the Mongolian People's Republic. The total number of Tuvans is approximately 311 thousand people. The Tuvan language belongs to the Uighur group of Turkic languages. Modern Tuvan anthroponymy includes predominantly Turkic, as well as Russian, Mongolian and Tibetan names that came along with Lamaism (starting from the 16th century, but mainly in the 18th - early 20th centuries), names. In the relatively recent past, the name (at) was given to a child immediately after birth only in very rare cases, more often after a few weeks, months or even years. In the 19th century the boy often received a "male" name very late - at the age of ten or even more years. Prior to that, he was simply called "boy", "little boy", "son", etc. We find similar customs in the legends and epic tales of the Tuvans, where numerous examples of naming are given only when a young man receives a horse and tames it, becomes a man. So, one of the heroes of the epic, Khan-Buddai, receives a name only when he starts to go hunting and tames his horse. Another hero of the Tuvan epic tale, Mege Sagaan-Toolai, receives a name before the trip for the bride. More recently, if a child was given a name even shortly after his birth, it was believed that he was already a year old, i.e. his age was calculated not according to the time actually lived, but including uterine development. Many Tuvan names are appellatives of the Tuvan language. So, modern Tuvans have common names associated with the appearance of the child, his character and temperament, for example: Biche-ool "little boy", Uzun-ool "long boy", Kara-kys "black girl", Kysyg-bay "similar for a girl", etc. Quite often, among Tuvans, the name reflects the desire of parents to see this or that virtue in the child, for example: Maadyr "hero", Mergen "wise", etc. There are names given by the name of some objects surrounding the child, for example Despizhek "trough". Girls are often given names that are the names of beautiful plants, birds, for example: Choduraa "bird cherry", Sailykmaa "titmouse"; the female name Chechek "flower" is common. Sometimes male names are given by the name of the area where the child was born, for example: Khemchik-ool (Khemchik is the name of the river flowing into the Yenisei), Alash-ool (Alash is the name of the river flowing into the Khemchik river). As early as the beginning of the 20th century. in families where children often died, the child often received some kind of "bad" name, i.e. a name with a derogatory meaning to "repel an evil spirit", for example: Bagai-ool "bad boy", Myyak-ool "dung-boy". Along with a "bad" name, the child often had a "real" name, but it was not pronounced aloud until the child grew up and he was no longer so afraid of "evil spirits" as in early childhood. Now this custom has almost disappeared, but among the names of persons of the older generation there are still such names and surnames that arose on their basis. Among the names that came to Tuvans under the influence of Buddhism are the names of Buddhist deities and the names of sacred books, for example, Dolgar, Dolchan, Shogzhal, Dazhy-Segbe, Chadamba, as well as appellatives with the meaning of Buddhist virtues and good wishes, for example: Sotpa "patience", Chimit "immortal", etc. In the modern Tuvan language there are a number of bases, from which, by adding name-forming indicators, one can build male or female names. Such an indicator for male names is the word ool "boy". But, probably, the formation of names in this way is a relatively late phenomenon in the Tuvan language and in the past covered only children's names, i.e. names used before receiving a "male" name. Frequent components of female names are the words kys "girl", urug "child", "daughter"; affix -maa (Chechekmaa). It is believed that the affix -maa goes back to the Tibetan word for "mother". There are lexemes in the Tuvan language, from which only male names are possible, for example dash "stone". Thus, in Tuvan anthroponymy there is a certain differentiation of male and female names, based on semantic and partly formal features. Until recently, Tuvans did not have surnames and patronymics. The name of the named father was known to relatives and friends. When meeting, only the first name was usually called. But in everyday communication, the name of the father of the person in question was often called by strangers, especially if the situation required distinguishing between two people with the same names. Often, when naming a person unfamiliar to someone, the place where he comes from was indicated, for example: Eili-Khem churtug Biche-ool "Biche-ool from Eiling-Khem". In the Soviet era, Tuvans use patronymics and have surnames. Until recently, Tuvans retained tribal names, most of which dated back to ancient and medieval ethnonyms, for example: Salchak, Tyulyush, Mongush, Khertek, etc. During the certification carried out after Tuva joined the USSR (1944), significant difficulties arose, since an attempt to take a tribal name as a surname would lead to the fact that all the inhabitants of the village (village) would have one surname. Therefore, it was recommended to use the first name as a surname, and the tribal name as a given name. Most of the surnames and names of Tuvans are formed in this way. Therefore, now you can often meet Tuvans with a personal name, the function of which is a tribal name, for example, Soyan, Salchak, Maady, and a surname formed from a personal name, for example: Salchak Kasygbay (the tribal name Salchak became a name, and the personal name Kasygbai - surname). Since the surname of the parents passes to the children, now women often wear surnames formed from male names, for example: Svetlana Biche-ool (biche-ool "little boy"). When patronymics are formed, the corresponding affixes are borrowed from the Russian language: Bice-oolovna, Bice-oolovich. In recent years, Tuvans, along with traditional names, increasingly use names borrowed from the Russian language to name children, which should be seen as one of the manifestations of the influence of Russian culture and the process of rapprochement of nations. Publication of Apys Tengerek
