The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” is a kind of opposition. But, as you know, opposition and contradiction can manifest itself in different situations. Let's look at the problem from the inside and consider two striking examples of this opposition. Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova.
Who are they? Random acquaintances? What is their role in this work? This is what we will try to deal with.
As you know, Rodion is an ordinary poor student. Lives in a rented closet and often avoids meeting people. At the same time, he is kind, sensitive and responsive. Often ready to give a person the last, just to help.
Sonechka is a pretty girl. The work recreates the fragile image of a girl of about eighteen. She was modest, meek and blond. She is also responsive: she never refused to help anyone.
It would seem that two people with kind souls. What can unite them, besides this? But that - from the inside they were eaten by poverty.
Raskolnikov could not make ends meet, ate extremely rarely and was indebted to pay for his housing, therefore, due to circumstances and internal contradictions, he killed a rich old woman, having acquired her "wealth".
Sonya just vegetated in hopeless poverty with her family. To feed her relatives, she was forced to sell her body, because it was the highest paid job at that time.
Having met each other, Rodion and Sonya could not imagine that they would become such spiritual relatives. Sonya did not turn away from Raskolnikov when he confessed his crime, she took pity on him, understood his torment, sheltered him in her spacious soul. Rodion, in turn, bowed to Sonya. He said that he bowed to all human suffering, because he simply could not imagine what kind heart you need to have in order to give a damn about your principles for the sake of the family.
I think these characters found each other. Each of them had their "demons and angels" preventing them from living. But from the moment they met, they seemed to open up to this world. Opened up to yourself. They got justice for themselves. Rodion and Sonya were complete opposites, they had different life difficulties, different outlooks on life, but they were united by one thing - poverty.
It was there that they found love and suffering. It drove them crazy. They became the main opposition of this novel.
Composition by Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
The protagonist of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky, Rodion Raskolnikov, is forced to prematurely stop studying at the institute due to the inability to pay for it. Most of the heroes of the work live in poverty, which the author repeatedly draws the reader's attention to.
Raskolnikov's apartment is so small that it looks more like a closet, a full-fledged housing. But even for such a closet, Rodion is not able to pay money. Exhausted by endless need, the protagonist comes up with an insane theory for himself, which is based on the idea of the superiority of some people (“having the right”) over others (“trembling creatures”). Guided by new convictions, Raskolnikov goes to crime. He kills an old pawnbroker who, in his eyes, is the embodiment of human evil. Having committed his deed, the hero dooms himself to terrible pangs of conscience. Sonya Marmeladova helps him return to life. The central female image of the novel, created by Dostoevsky and embodied in him his own ideas about the ideal person. Sonya has the priceless gift of love and selflessness given to her by God. It is these qualities that determine her attitude to life, to people, guide her actions and deeds.
For the first time the reader learns about Sonya from Marmeladov's story. In a conversation with Raskolnikov, he talks about how, for the sake of money, his daughter went to the panel, and gave the money to her stepmother.
On the one hand, Sonya is a vicious girl who has violated the laws of morality, rejected by society. This makes her look like Raskolnikov, who became a criminal. However, the difference here is that Rodion kills others for his own sake, while Sonya steps over herself for the sake of others. She has a soul, knows how to truly love and compassion. For the sake of the family, even if not native, she sacrificed herself. Because of her love, she went after Raskolnikov to Siberia, to hard labor. The great ability to love made her strong, ready to do anything to help a loved one.
Sonya gives Raskolnikov love, sympathy, understanding. She is ready to share his fate with him, no matter how terrible it may be. At his request, she reads the Gospel, the chapter about the resurrection of Lazarus. At this point, the images of the characters are fully revealed. Sonya tells Raskolnikov about her faith in God, that it is in her that all her strength and all truth lies. The protagonist, being in a hopeless situation, chooses the wrong path to salvation. Having killed an innocent person, Raskolnikov drives his soul into even greater darkness and hopelessness. Sonya is looking for a way out in a completely different way. And finds it in prayer. Raskolnikov divides people into those in power and into trembling creatures. For Sonya, all people are equal and they all deserve happiness. Through love for Sonya, Rodion comes to repentance, as well as to the understanding that he has no person closer to her in the whole wide world. The hero is reborn, comes back to life.
Love, which implies a readiness for self-sacrifice and compassion, can work wonders. It stands above everything earthly, covers all misfortunes and sufferings. She is able to resurrect the human soul.
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immortal image
Some heroes of classical literature gain immortality, live next to us, this is exactly what the image of Sonya turned out to be in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. By her example, we learn the best human qualities: kindness, mercy, self-sacrifice. It teaches us to love devotedly and to believe in God selflessly.
Acquaintance with the heroine
The author does not introduce us to Sonechka Marmeladova right away. She appears on the pages of the novel when a terrible crime has already been committed, two people died, and Rodion Raskolnikov ruined his soul. It seems that nothing in his life can be corrected. However, acquaintance with a modest girl changed the fate of the hero and revived him to life.
For the first time we hear about Sonya from the story of the unfortunate drunken Marmeladov. In confession, he talks about his unfortunate fate, about a starving family, and pronounces the name of his eldest daughter with gratitude.
Sonya is an orphan, the only native daughter of Marmeladov. Until recently, she lived with her family. Her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna, a sick, unfortunate woman, was exhausted so that the children would not die of starvation, Marmeladov himself drank the last money, the family was in dire need. Out of desperation, a sick woman often got irritated over trifles, made scandals, reproached her stepdaughter with a piece of bread. The conscientious Sonya decided on a desperate step. In order to somehow help the family, she began to engage in prostitution, sacrificing herself for the sake of her relatives. The story of the poor girl left a deep mark on Raskolnikov's wounded soul long before he personally met the heroine.
Portrait of Sonya Marmeladova
The description of the girl's appearance appears on the pages of the novel much later. She, like a silent ghost, appears on the threshold of her native home during the death of her father, crushed by a drunk cab driver. Timid by nature, she did not dare to enter the room, feeling vicious and unworthy. A ridiculous, cheap, but bright outfit indicated her occupation. "Meek" eyes, "pale, thin and irregular angular face" and the whole appearance betrayed a meek, timid nature, which had reached the extreme degree of humiliation. "Sonya was small, seventeen years old, thin, but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes." This is how she appeared before the eyes of Raskolnikov, this is the first time the reader sees her.
Character traits of Sofia Semyonovna Marmeladova
A person's appearance is often deceiving. The image of Sonya in Crime and Punishment is full of inexplicable contradictions. A meek, weak girl considers herself a great sinner, unworthy of being in the same room with decent women. She is embarrassed to sit down next to Raskolnikov's mother, she cannot shake hands with his sister, fearing to offend them. Sonya can easily be offended and humiliated by any scoundrel, like Luzhin or the landlady. Defenseless against the arrogance and rudeness of the people around her, she is not able to stand up for herself.
A complete characterization of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel "Crime and Punishment" consists of an analysis of her actions. Physical weakness and indecision are combined in it with great mental strength. Love is at the core of her being. For the love of her father, she gives him the last money for a hangover. For the love of children, he sells his body and soul. For the sake of love for Raskolnikov, he follows him to hard labor and patiently endures his indifference. Kindness and the ability to forgive distinguish the heroine from other characters in the story. Sonya does not hold a grudge against her stepmother for a crippled life, she does not dare to condemn her father for weakness of character and eternal drunkenness. She is able to forgive and feel sorry for Raskolnikov for the murder of Lizaveta, who is close to her. “There is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world,” she tells him. To treat the vices and mistakes of the people around you in this way, you must be a very strong and whole person.
Where does a weak, fragile, humiliated girl get such patience, endurance and inexhaustible love for people? Faith in God helps Sonya Marmeladova to stand on her own and lend a helping hand to others. "What would I be without God?" - the heroine is sincerely perplexed. It is no coincidence that the exhausted Raskolnikov goes to her for help and tells her about his crime. The faith of Sonya Marmeladova helps the criminal first confess to the murder, then sincerely repent, believe in God and start a new happy life.
The role of the image of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel
The main character of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is considered to be Rodion Raskolnikov, since the plot is based on the story of the hero's crime. But the novel cannot be imagined without the image of Sonya Marmeladova. The attitude, beliefs, actions of Sonya reflect the life position of the author. A fallen woman is pure and innocent. She fully atones for her sin with a comprehensive love for people. She is “humiliated and insulted” not a “trembling creature” according to Raskolnikov’s theory, but a respectable person who turned out to be much stronger than the main character. Having gone through all the trials and suffering, Sonya did not lose her basic human qualities, did not betray herself and suffered happiness.
Moral principles, faith, Sonya's love turned out to be stronger than Raskolnikov's egoistic theory. After all, only by accepting the beliefs of his girlfriend, the hero acquires the right to happiness. The beloved heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is the embodiment of his innermost thoughts and ideals of the Christian religion.
Artwork test
Book F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The author touches upon many problems in this work, but the most important of them is the problem of morality. Dostoevsky deals with this problem in many of his works, but this problem was most developed precisely in Crime and Punishment. Perhaps it is this work that makes many think about their actions. Here, in this book, we will meet many different people, but perhaps the most open, honest and kind is Sonya Marmeladova.
This girl has a hard life. Sonya's mother passed away early, her father married another woman who has her own children. Need forced Sonya to earn money in a low way: she is forced to go to the panel. It would seem that after such an act, Sonya should have been angry with her stepmother, because she practically forced Sonya to earn money in this way. But Sonya forgave her, moreover, every month she brings money to the house in which she no longer lives. Sonya has changed outwardly, but her soul has remained the same: crystal clear. Sonya is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others, and not everyone can do this. She could live "in spirit and mind", but she must feed her family. And this act proves her disinterestedness.
Sonya did not condemn people for their actions, did not condemn either her father or Raskolnikov. The death of her father left a deep mark on Sonya's soul: "From under this ... hat, a thin, pale and frightened face peeked out with an open mouth and eyes motionless with horror." Sonya loved her father, despite all his shortcomings. Therefore, his unexpected death was a great loss in Sonya's life.
She understands and experiences pain together with people. So, she did not condemn Raskolnikov when he confessed to her the crime he had committed: “She suddenly took him by both hands and bowed her head to her shoulder. This short gesture even struck Raskolnikov with bewilderment, it was even strange: how? Not the slightest disgust, not the slightest disgust to him, not the slightest shudder in her hand!" Sonya realized that, having killed the old pawnbroker, Raskolnikov had killed himself. His theory collapsed, and he is at a loss. Sonechka, sincerely believing in God, advises him to pray, repent, bow to the earth. Raskolnikov understands that Sonya is an exceptional person: "The holy fool, the holy fool!" To which Sonya replies: "Why, I ... dishonest ... I am a great sinner." She has no one to rely on, no one to expect help from, so she believes in God. In prayer, Sonya finds the calm that her soul needs so much. She does not judge people, only God has the right to do so. But she does not impose faith by force. She wants Raskolnikov to come to this himself. Although Sonya instructs and asks him: "Cross yourself, pray at least once." She loves this man and is ready to go with him even to hard labor, because she believes: Raskolnikov will understand his guilt, repent, and begin a new life. Life with her, with Sonya. Love and faith give her strength in any trials and difficulties. And it was her endless patience, quiet love, faith and desire to help a loved one - all this together made it possible for Raskolnikov to start a new life. For Sonya and for Dostoevsky himself, sympathy for man is characteristic of man. Raskolnikov teaches Sonya courage, masculinity. Sonya teaches him mercy and love, forgiveness and sympathy. She helps him find a way to the resurrection of the soul, but Raskolnikov himself strives for this. Only in hard labor does he understand and accept Sonya's faith and love: "How can her convictions not be my convictions now? Her feelings, her aspirations at least ...". Realizing this, Raskolnikov becomes happy and makes Sonya happy: "He knew with what infinite love he would now atone for all her suffering." Sonya is given happiness as a reward for her suffering. Sonya is the ideal of Dostoevsky. Because only a highly moral person, sincere and loving, can be an ideal. Sonya brings with her the light of hope and faith, love and sympathy, tenderness and understanding - this is how a person should be, according to Dostoevsky.
Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich - a poor and humiliated student, the main character of the novel "Crime and Punishment". The author of the work is Dostoevsky Fedor Mikhailovich. For a psychological counterweight to the theory of Rodion Romanovich, the writer created the image of Sonya Marmeladova. Both characters are at a young age. Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova, faced with a difficult life situation, do not know what to do next.
The image of Raskolnikov
At the beginning of the story, the reader notices Raskolnikov's inappropriate behavior. The hero is nervous all the time, his is constant anxiety, and his behavior seems suspicious. In the course of events, it can be understood that Rodion is a person who is obsessed with his idea. All his thoughts are that people are divided into two types. The first type is a "higher" society, and here he also refers his personality. And the second type is "trembling creatures". For the first time, he publishes this theory in a newspaper article called "On Crime". From the article it becomes clear that the "higher" have the right to ignore the moral laws and destroy the "trembling creatures" to achieve their personal goals. According to Raskolnikov's description, these poor people need biblical commandments and morals. The new legislators who will govern can be considered "supreme", Bonaparte is an example for such legislators. But Raskolnikov himself, on the way to the "higher ones", performs actions of a completely different level, without even noticing it.
The life story of Sonya Marmeladova
The reader learns about the heroine from the story of her father, which was addressed to Rodion Romanovich. Marmeladov Semen Zakharovich - an alcoholic, lives with his wife (Katerina Ivanovna), has three small children. The wife and children are starving, Sonya is Marmeladov's daughter from her first wife, she rents an apartment "according to Semyon Zakharovich tells Raskolnikov that her daughter went to such a life because of her stepmother, who reproached her for "drinking, eating and using heat ", that is, a parasite. This is how the Marmeladov family lives. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is that she herself is an unrequited girl, does not hold evil," climbs out of her skin "to help her sick stepmother and hungry half-brothers and sisters, without saying Semyon Zakharovich shares his memories of how he found and lost a job, how he drank away the uniform that his daughter bought with her own money, and how he has the conscience to ask his daughter for money "for a hangover" Sonya gave him the last, never reproached for this.
The tragedy of the heroine
Fate is similar in many ways to the position of Rodion. They play the same role in society. Rodion Romanovich lives in the attic in a shabby little room. How the author sees this room: the cage is small, about 6 steps in size, has a beggarly appearance. A tall person feels uncomfortable in such a room. Raskolnikov is so poor that it is no longer possible, but to the surprise of the reader, he feels well, his spirit has not fallen. The same poverty forced Sonya to go outside in order to earn money. The girl is unhappy. Her fate is cruel to her. But the morale of the heroine is not broken. On the contrary, in seemingly inhuman conditions, Sonya Marmeladova finds the only way out worthy of a person. She chooses the path of religion and self-sacrifice. The author shows us the heroine as a person who is able to feel someone else's pain and suffering, while being unhappy. A girl can not only understand another, but also direct them on the right path, forgive, accept someone else's suffering. So, we see how the heroine shows pity for Katerina Ivanovna, calls her "fair, child", unhappy. Sonya saves her children, then takes pity on her dying father. This, like other scenes, inspire both sympathy and respect for the girl. And it is not at all surprising that then Rodion will share his mental anguish with Sophia.
Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
Rodion decided to tell his secret to Sofya, but not to Porfiry Petrovich. She, in his opinion, was, like no one else, able to judge him according to her conscience. At the same time, her opinion will differ significantly from the court of Porfiry. Raskolnikov, despite his atrocity, longed for human understanding, love, sensitivity. He wanted to see that "higher light" that could lead him out of the darkness and support him. Raskolnikov's hopes for understanding from Sophia were justified. Rodion Romanovich cannot make contact with people. It begins to seem to him that everyone is mocking him and they know that it was he who did it. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is directly opposite to his vision. The girl stands for humanity, philanthropy, forgiveness. Having learned about his crime, she does not reject him, but on the contrary, hugs, kisses and says in unconsciousness that "there is no one in the world more merciless now."
Real life
Despite all this, periodically Rodion Romanovich returns to earth and notices everything that happens in the real world. On one of these days, he witnesses how a drunken official, Semyon Marmeladov, is knocked down by a horse. During his last words, the author describes Sofya Semyonovna for the first time. Sonya was small, she was about eighteen. The girl was thin, but pretty, blonde, with attractive blue eyes. Sonya comes to the scene of the accident. on her knees. She sends her younger sister to find out where Raskolnikov lives in order to return to him the money he gave for his father's funeral. After a while, Sophia goes to Rodion Romanovich to invite him to a commemoration. This is how she shows her gratitude to him.
Father's Wake
At the event, a scandal arises because Sonya is accused of theft. Everything was decided peacefully, but Katerina Ivanovna and her children are evicted from the apartment. Now everyone is doomed to die. Raskolnikov tries to find out from Sophia if she could kill Luzhin, the man who unfairly slandered her, saying that she was a thief. Sophia gave a philosophical answer to this question. Rodion Romanovich finds something native in Sonya, probably the fact that they were both rejected.
He tries to see understanding in her, because his theory is wrong. Now Rodion is ready for self-destruction, and Sonya is "daughter, that her stepmother is evil and consumptive, she betrayed herself to strangers and minors." Sofya Semyonovna relies on her moral guideline, which is important and clear for her - this is wisdom, which is described in the Bible as purifying suffering. Raskolnikov, of course, shared with Marmeladova a story about his act, listening to him, she did not turn away from him. Here the truth of Sonya Marmeladova is in the manifestation of a feeling of pity, sympathy for Rodion. The heroine urged him to go and repent for what he had done, based on a parable she studied in the Bible about the resurrection of Lazarus. Sonya agrees to share the hard everyday life of hard labor with Rodion Romanovich. This is not only the mercy of Sonya Marmeladova. She does this in order to be cleansed, because she believes that she is violating the biblical commandments.
What unites Sophia with Rodion
How can Marmeladova and Raskolnikov be characterized at the same time? For example, convicts who are serving time in the same cell with Rodion Romanovich adore Sonya, who regularly visits him, but treat him with contempt. They want to kill Raskolnikov and constantly make fun of him that it is not the royal business to "carry an ax in his bosom." Sofya Semyonovna has had her own ideas about people since childhood and adheres to them throughout her life. She never looks down on people, has respect and pity for them.
Conclusion
I would like to draw a conclusion based on the mutual relations of the main characters of the novel. What was the significance of Sonya Marmeladova's truth? If Sofya Semyonovna with her life values and ideals had not appeared on the path of Rodion Romanovich, then it would have ended very soon in the painful pangs of self-destruction. This is the truth of Sonya Marmeladova. Due to such a plot in the middle of the novel, the author has the opportunity to logically complete the images of the main characters. Two different views and two analyzes of the same situation give the novel credibility. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is opposed to the theory of Rodion and his worldview. The famous Russian writer was able to breathe life into the main characters and safely resolve all the worst that happened in their lives. This completeness of the novel puts "Crime and Punishment" next to the greatest works that are on the list of world literature. Every schoolboy, every student should read this novel.
The novel "Crime and Punishment" was written by Dostoevsky after hard labor, when the writer's convictions took on a religious connotation. The search for truth, the denunciation of the unjust world order, the dream of the "happiness of mankind" in this period were combined in the character of the writer with disbelief in the violent alteration of the world. Convinced that evil cannot be avoided in any structure of society, that evil comes from the human soul, Dostoevsky rejected the revolutionary path of transforming society. Raising the question only of the moral improvement of each person, the writer turned to religion.
Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova- the two main characters of the novel, appearing as two oncoming streams. Their worldview is the ideological part of the work. Sonya Marmeladova - the moral ideal of Dostoevsky. It brings with it the light of hope, faith, love and sympathy, tenderness and understanding. This is what a person should be like, according to the writer. Sonya personifies the truth of Dostoevsky. For Sonya, all people have the same right to life. She firmly believes that no one can achieve happiness, both their own and someone else's, through crime. Sin remains sin, no matter who commits it and in the name of what.
Sonya Marmeladova and Rodion Raskolnikov exist in completely different worlds. They are like two opposite poles, but they cannot exist without each other. The idea of rebellion is embodied in the image of Raskolnikov, the idea of humility is embodied in the image of Sonya. But what is the content of both rebellion and humility is the topic of numerous disputes that do not stop at the present time.
Sonya is a highly moral, deeply religious woman. She believes in the deep inner meaning of life, she does not understand Raskolnikov's ideas about the meaninglessness of everything that exists. She sees the predestination of God in everything, believes that nothing depends on a person. Its truth is God, love, humility. The meaning of life for her lies in the great power of compassion and sympathy of man to man.
Raskolnikov, on the other hand, passionately and mercilessly judges the world with the mind of an ardent rebellious personality. He does not agree to put up with life's injustice, and hence his mental anguish and crime. Although Sonya, like Raskolnikov, steps over herself, she still steps over not like him. She sacrifices herself to others, and does not destroy, does not kill other people. And this embodied the author's thoughts that a person has no right to egoistic happiness, he must endure, and through suffering achieve true happiness.
According to Dostoevsky, a person should feel responsible not only for his own actions, but also for any evil that happens in the world. That is why Sonya feels that she is also to blame for Raskolnikov's crime, that is why she takes his act so close to her heart and shares his fate.
It is Sonya who reveals his terrible secret to Raskolnikov. Her love revived Rodion, resurrected him to a new life. This resurrection is expressed symbolically in the novel: Raskolnikov asks Sonya to read from the New Testament the gospel scene of the resurrection of Lazarus and correlates the meaning of what he read with himself. Touched by Sonya's sympathy, Rodion goes to her for the second time already as to a close friend, he himself confesses to her the murder, tries, confused in reasons, to explain to her why he did it, asks her not to leave him in misfortune and receives an order from her: to go to the square, kiss the earth and repent before all the people. Sonya's advice reflects the thought of the author himself, who seeks to bring his hero to suffering, and through suffering to redemption.
In the image of Sonya, the author embodied the best qualities of a person: sacrifice, faith, love and chastity. Being surrounded by vice, forced to sacrifice her dignity, Sonya was able to maintain the purity of her soul and the belief that "there is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering, a person is not born for happiness: a person deserves his happiness, and always suffering." Sonya, who "transgressed" and ruined her soul, "a man of high spirit", of the same "rank" with Raskolnikov, condemns him for contempt for people and does not accept his "rebellion", his "axe", which, as it seemed to Raskolnikov, was raised and in her name. The heroine, according to Dostoevsky, embodies the folk principle, the Russian element: patience and humility, boundless love for man and God. The clash between Raskolnikov and Sonya, whose worldview is opposed to each other, reflects the internal contradictions that disturbed the writer's soul.
Sonya hopes for God, for a miracle. Raskolnikov is sure that there is no God and there will be no miracle. Rodion mercilessly reveals to Sonya the futility of her illusions. He tells Sonya about the futility of her compassion, about the futility of her sacrifices. It is not the shameful profession that makes Sonya a sinner, but the vainness of her sacrifice and her feat. Raskolnikov judges Sonya with other scales in his hands than the prevailing morality, he judges her from a different point of view than she herself.
Driven by life into the last and already completely hopeless corner, Sonya is trying to do something in the face of death. She, like Raskolnikov, operates according to the law of free choice. But, unlike Rodion, Sonya did not lose faith in people, she does not need examples to establish that people are by nature kind and deserve a brighter share. Only Sonya is able to sympathize with Raskolnikov, since she is not embarrassed by either physical ugliness or the ugliness of social fate. It penetrates "through the scab" into the essence of human souls, is in no hurry to condemn; feels that some unknown or incomprehensible reasons lurk behind external evil that led to the evil of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov.
Sonya internally stands outside money, outside the laws of the world that torments her. Just as she herself, of her own free will, went to the panel, so, by her own firm and invincible will, she did not lay hands on herself.
Sonya was faced with the question of suicide - she thought it over and chose the answer. Suicide, in her position, would be too selfish a way out - it would save her from shame, from torment, it would rescue her from the stinking pit. “After all, it would be more fair,” exclaims Raskolnikov, “it would be a thousand times fairer and more reasonable to put your head in the water and do it all at once! - And what will happen to them? - Sonya asked weakly, looking at him with pain, but at the same time, as if not at all surprised at his proposal. Sonya's measure of will and determination was higher than Rodion could have imagined. She needed more stamina, more self-reliance, to keep herself from committing suicide than to throw herself headfirst into the water. It was not so much the thought of sin that kept her from the water, but "about them, her own." Sonya debauchery was worse than death. Humility does not involve suicide. And this shows us the strength of Sonya Marmeladova's character.
Sonya's nature can be defined in one word - loving. Active love for one's neighbor, the ability to respond to someone else's pain (especially deeply manifested in the scene of Raskolnikov's confession to the murder) make the image of Sonya "ideal". It is from the standpoint of this ideal that the verdict is pronounced in the novel. In the image of Sonya Marmeladova, the author presented an example of a comprehensive, all-forgiving love contained in the character of the heroine. This love is not envious, does not require anything in return, it is even kind of unspoken, because Sonya never talks about it. It overflows her whole being, but never comes out in the form of words, only in the form of deeds. This is silent love, and that makes it even more beautiful. Even the desperate Marmeladov bows before her, even the mad Katerina Ivanovna prostrates herself before her, even the eternal lecher Svidrigailov respects Sonya for this. Not to mention Raskolnikov, whom this love saved and healed.
The heroes of the novel remain true to their beliefs, despite the fact that their faith is different. But both of them understand that God is one for all, and he will show the true path to everyone who feels his closeness. The author of the novel, through moral searches and reflections, came to the idea that every person who comes to God begins to look at the world in a new way, rethinks it. Therefore, in the epilogue, when the moral resurrection of Raskolnikov takes place, Dostoevsky says that "a new history begins, the history of the gradual renewal of man, the history of his gradual rebirth, his gradual transition from one world to another, acquaintance with a new, hitherto completely unknown reality."
Having rightly condemned Raskolnikov's "rebellion", Dostoevsky leaves the victory not for the strong, intelligent and proud Raskolnikov, but for Sonya, seeing in her the highest truth: better is suffering than violence - suffering cleanses. Sonya professes moral ideals, which, from the point of view of the writer, are closest to the broad masses of the people: the ideals of humility, forgiveness, silent humility. In our time, most likely, Sonya would become an outcast. And not every Raskolnikov in our day will suffer and suffer. But the human conscience, the human soul has lived and will always live as long as "the world stands still." This is the great immortal meaning of the most complex novel created by a brilliant writer-psychologist.
Materials about the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
