I read with deep interest the text provided to me for analysis. In it, D.S. Likhachev raises the burning problem of the role of good in human life.
The author reveals this question, arguing about the importance of good for people. “It connects, unites, makes related,” writes the philologist. Describing the numerous benefits of kindness, the writer recalls smart kindness. Most valuable is the good that has some purpose, directed towards something.
Such kindness is "the surest way to personal happiness." Thus, Likhachev in his text points out to the reader the importance of goodness in people's lives.
Many Russian writers have thought about this issue, but first of all I would like to mention Rasputin's story "French Lessons".
The main character of the work, teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, helps her student by playing with him for money, although she understands that this threatens her work. At the end of the work, she is nevertheless fired, but the teacher does not regret what she did, because she was able to help her student. The satisfaction from doing a good deed is so great that it drowns out the annoyance of being fired.
The next striking example that helps illustrate the correctness of all of the above is Leskov's work "The Man on the Clock". The protagonist of the story, Postnikov, decides to leave his post to help a drowning man, although this is severely punished. As a result, the man was flogged with rods. But the salvation of man, of course, was worth this suffering. Postnikov remained true to his conscience by doing this good deed.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the good brought to people will definitely return to us. That is why it is so important to do good deeds.
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2018-03-13
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- The problem of the role of goodness in a person's life according to Likhachev's text "A person must radiate kindness and live ..."
arguments for writing
In my opinion, cruelty is not only when you hurt people physically or psychologically, but cruelty is also a lack of participation in people who are waiting for you to help or just words of sympathy. And we encounter this kind of cruelty almost every day, because, and this is my deep conviction, cruelty is primarily a product of human indifference and selfishness.
The title of the story refers us to W. Shakespeare's play Lady Macbeth, where Lady Macbeth's cunning and intrigue elevate her husband to the throne. The desire to achieve superiority makes Lady Macbeth step over even murder. Such is Ekaterina Izmailova: being the wife of a wealthy merchant, she falls in love with Sergei, her worker, and is expecting a child from him. Realizing that very soon her illegal relationship will be exposed, she, with the help of Sergei, kills her husband and father-in-law. And then, in order to remain the sole heir to the entire fortune, she goes to kill Fedya, her husband's nephew.
We find a character similar to Katerina Izmailova
This is Vasilisa Kostyleva, who incites the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband, old man Kostylev. Vasilisa, married to Kostylev without love, over the years of their life together, was never able to imbue her husband with at least a sense of respect. The only thing she feels towards him is hatred. The murder of her husband would have untied Vasilisa's hands, making her the heiress, albeit a small, but fortune. And she easily decides to kill, calmly expounding her plan to Cinder.
the boy picks up a stray dog and brings it home. We see how he is full of concern for a lonely, useless dog and how he does not understand his father, demanding to drive the dog out of the apartment. It doesn’t fit in his head that you can offend a defenseless creature that has been offended more than once:
The ending of the story is tragic: having called the gullible dog, the father shoots him in the ear. After reading this, we understand that in fact the father did not kill the dog, or rather not only her. First of all, he killed his soul in a child. Thus, the writer argues that the cruelty of an adult can only lead to hatred, to the loss of faith in goodness and justice.
the main character, Lena Bessoltseva, who took responsibility for an ugly act that she did not commit, is humiliated by her classmates in every possible way and even tries to be burned at the stake as a traitor. The cruelty of these still very immature people is truly enormous. She brings Lena untold suffering: she is an outcast in the class, she is despised, hated, demonstrating her attitude in every possible way. But for a teenager, and for a person in general, there is nothing harder than exile, loneliness. The worst thing is that the person who actually committed this act (Lena's classmate Dima Somov) could not find the strength to confess, and two more classmates, Shmakova and Popov, who accidentally found out the truth, decided not to interfere and see how the case would end for Lena Bessoltseva. In my opinion, their indifference is even worse than the cowardice of Dima Somov.
- Acts performed out of mercy, at first glance, may seem ridiculous and meaningless.
- A person can show mercy even in the most difficult situations for him
- Actions related to helping orphans can be called merciful
- The manifestation of mercy often requires sacrifices from a person, but these sacrifices are always justified by something.
- People who show mercy are worthy of respect
Arguments
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Natasha Rostova shows mercy - one of the most important human qualities. When everyone begins to leave Moscow, captured by the French, the girl orders to give carts to the wounded, and not to carry her own things to them. Helping people for Natasha Rostova is much more important than material well-being. And it does not matter to her that among the things that should have been taken away, the dowry is part of her future.
M. Sholokhov “The fate of man”. Andrei Sokolov, despite the difficult life trials, has not lost the ability to show mercy. He lost his family and home, but could not help but pay attention to the fate of Vanyushka, a little boy whose parents died. Andrei Sokolov told the boy that he was his father and took him to him. The capacity for mercy made the child happy. Yes, Andrei Sokolov did not forget his family and the horrors of the war, but he did not leave Vanya in trouble. This means that his heart is not hardened.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The fate of Rodion Raskolnikov is difficult. He lives in a miserable, dark room, malnourished. After the murder of the old pawnbroker, his whole life resembles suffering. Raskolnikov is still poor: he hides what he took from the apartment under a stone, and does not take it for himself. However, the hero gives the last to Marmeladov's widow for the funeral, he cannot get past the misfortune that has happened, although he himself has nothing to exist. Rodion Raskolnikov turns out to be capable of mercy, despite the murder and the terrible theory he created.
M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Margarita is ready to do anything to see her Master. She makes a deal with the devil, agrees to be the queen at Satan's terrible ball. But when Woland asks what she wants, Margarita only asks that Frieda stop serving a handkerchief with which she gagged her own child and buried him in the ground. Margarita wants to save a completely alien person from suffering, and this is where mercy is manifested. She no longer asks for a meeting with the Master, because she cannot but take care of Frida, pass by someone else's grief.
N.D. Teleshov "Home". Little Semka, the son of migrants who died of typhus, most of all wants to return to his native village of Beloye. The boy escapes from the barracks and hits the road. On the way he meets an unfamiliar grandfather, they go together. Grandpa also goes to his native land. On the way, Semka falls ill. Grandfather takes him to the city, to the hospital, although he knows that he cannot go there: it turns out that he has escaped from hard labor for the third time. There, grandfather is caught, and then sent back to hard labor. Despite the danger to himself, grandfather shows mercy towards Semka - he cannot leave a sick child in trouble. Own happiness becomes less significant for a person than the life of a child.
N.D. Teleshov "Yelka Mitrich". On Christmas Eve, Semyon Dmitrievich realized that everyone would have a holiday, except for eight orphans living in one of the barracks. Mitrich at all costs decided to please the guys. Although it was hard for him, he brought a Christmas tree, bought a fifty-kopeck piece of candy, issued by a resettlement official. Semyon Dmitrievich cut each of the children a piece of sausage, although sausage was his favorite delicacy. Sympathy, compassion, mercy pushed Mitrich to this act. And the result turned out to be really beautiful: joy, laughter, enthusiastic cries filled the previously gloomy room. The children were happy from the holiday arranged by him, and Mitrich from the fact that he had done this good deed.
I. Bunin “Bastes”. Nefed could not help fulfilling the wish of a sick child who kept asking for some red bast shoes. Despite the bad weather, he went on foot for bast shoes and fuchsin to Novoselki, located six miles from home. For Nefed, the desire to help the child was more important than ensuring his own safety. He turned out to be capable of self-sacrifice - in a sense, the highest degree of mercy. Nefed is dead. The men brought him home. In the bosom of Nefed they found a vial of fuchsin and new bast shoes.
V. Rasputin "French Lessons". For Lydia Mikhailovna, a French teacher, the desire to help her student turned out to be more important than maintaining her own reputation. The woman knew that the child was malnourished, which is why she gambled. So she invited the boy to play for money with her. This is unacceptable for a teacher. When the director found out about everything, Lidia Mikhailovna was forced to leave for her homeland, for the Kuban. But we understand that her act is not at all bad - it is a manifestation of mercy. The seemingly unacceptable behavior of the teacher actually brought kindness and care for the child.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The problem of kindness and rigidity is one of the main ones in the work of A.S. Pushkin. In the story "The Captain's Daughter" this problem is solved using the example of two heroes: Pyotr Grinev and Pugachev. At the moment of their meeting in the chapter “Counsellor”, Grinev shows kindness towards Pugachev when he favors him with a hare sheepskin coat from his shoulder. This noble gesture will save his life later. Grinev can be cruel, remember his quarrel with Savelich when it was necessary to repay a debt to Zurin. But even in such situations, kindness compels him to ask for forgiveness and restore good relations with the person he offended. Such behavior of the hero also does not go unrewarded, since it is Savelich who throws himself at the feet of the executioners in order to save his good master. Pushkin convinces us that kindness evokes kindness in return even in a world of war and cruelty.
Pugachev is presented in the story as the leader of the rebels. In the chapter “The Attack”, the cruelty of the rebels knows no bounds: the execution of Captain Mironov and his associates, the massacre of Vasilisa Yegorovna. Pushkin does not at all soften and brighten up the scenes of violence, letting us know how terrible "Russian rebellion is senseless and merciless." But presenting us with the image of a Bashkir with a torn off tongue and cut off nose and ears, Pushkin wanted to show that this cruelty is the product of the cruelty of those in power towards the common people.
Using the example of Pugachev and Grinev, the writer wanted to show an example of such a relationship when cruelty is excluded: for this, in any person you need to see a person worthy of respect and deserving of a good attitude.
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
In the novel "A Hero of Our Time" M.Yu. Lermontov created a strange hero who is cruel to people because he is bored and wants to have fun. Let's take the story of Grushnitsky. After all, this young man stupidly paid with his life just for being drawn into the game started out of boredom by Pechorin. This “hero of time” acted unthinkably cruelly with Bela and her family. The father was killed, Azamat disappeared, Bela herself also died, but before that she still suffered first from Pechorin's love, and then from her absence. The writer seeks to show us how terrible a person can be for whom there is only one law - his own whims and desires. After all, Pechorin was not born like that, he simply lost all sorts of landmarks.
The kindness inherent in him wakes up from time to time. For example, a blind boy evokes involuntary regret, the sight of a heartbroken old woman, the mother of a Cossack who hacked to death Vulich in a drunken stupor, arouses sympathy. He even decided to take the criminal alive, risking his life. And he did it with ease. If concern for people would always live in his heart and evoke good intentions in him, he could be called a real hero.
N.V. Gogol "Overcoat"
The main idea in many works of N.V. Gogol is the idea of the wrong structure of human society, in which cruelty reigns. The story "The Overcoat" tells the story of the life and death of Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin. This is the image of the "little man", despised and humiliated by everyone. He is not able to oppose anything to his tormentors, only once his plaintive babble made a young man “stop and recoil in horror”, who had not yet lost the ability to be kind. In such a world, there is nothing good for a “small” person, because even the overcoat acquired by such victims was taken from him. It turns out that the wrong world rejects everyone who is kind and not capable of cruelty, only those who take away, rob, humiliate and insult another can get something in it.
N.S. Leskov "Fool"
N.S. Leskov in his work addressed the theme of righteousness. He sought to find and show the image of a person who would always remain kind. The protagonist of the story "The Fool" is such a righteous man, a source of divine kindness. He can be compared with the savior of all the unfortunate. He saves Petka from punishment with rods, substituting his own back; he himself asked to be recruited, pitying the mothers whose sons could be taken away; released Khabibula, who was sentenced to death by Khan-Jangar, for sure knowing that he would be skinned alive. Panka explains all this as follows: “I can’t stand others being tortured, ... so take me and lead me to torture him instead - let my soul be happy and free from all fears.” Leskov showed the incomprehensible depth of human kindness in this work, and we are truly imbued with the spirit of “righteousness”, from the height of which we evaluate all the events taking place in our lives.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
F.M. Dostoevsky tried to show that it is necessary to keep kindness in one's heart even in a world where cruelty reigns. This is the basis of the plot in the novel Crime and Punishment. Raskolnikov, the protagonist of the work, lives in a terrible world of universal bitterness. Reality causes a violent protest, symbolically depicted in Raskolnikov's first dream: an exhausted horse is harnessed to a huge cart, which, despite being severely beaten with a whip, cannot move the cart. Raskolnikov wakes up in tears after such a dream. He understands that it is impossible to live like this, and a terrible theory arises in his head, according to which he can get rid of all suffering by rising above others, only for this he needs to learn how to kill. It is paradoxical, but true: a person suffering from cruelty becomes cruel himself. The murder of the old pawnbroker, whom Raskolnikov planned as a victim because of her worthlessness and harmfulness, entails another murder, which is no longer justified. This double crime is an unbearable burden on Raskolnikov's conscience and makes him suffer and suffer. The main test is loneliness, which leads him to Sonya Marmeladova. And here he sees a completely different attitude to life. Sonya is the embodiment of kindness, "an inexhaustible well", according to Raskolnikov's definition: "Dug up and use it." The source of such all-encompassing kindness is a deep faith in eternal life, which Raskolnikov did not believe in at first. Reading together about the resurrection of Lazarus is a turning point in the fate of the protagonist. After that, he decided to humble himself, repent and accept the punishment for all the evil that he had committed. Thus, we can say that cruelty is disbelief in one’s immortality, and kindness is confidence in eternal life, which is possible only in God, calling: “Therefore, walk in the way of the good and keep to the paths of the righteous, because the righteous will live on earth” .
Good day, dear friends. This article will also consider the author's essay to prepare for the unified state exam.
The following arguments will be used:
- E. Asadov, "Kindness"
– H. K. Andersen, The Little Mermaid
Good gives happiness and joy, smiles and positive emotions. A person with such a quality will never leave a friend in trouble, will not pass by the needy, will not offend an animal. His heart will worry about every crying child and a dog freezing on the street, indifference and selfishness are alien to such a person.
But it is very difficult to remain kind and sympathetic when cruelty and self-interest reign around. It is necessary from childhood to cherish in your heart the light that will illuminate our whole life.
In Eduard Asadov's poem "Kindness", the poet urges us to cherish friendship and love, not to commit evil deeds and learn to forgive our loved ones.
Sometimes we can hear hurtful and unpleasant words from a friend during a quarrel that make us want to cut off all communication with him. It seems to us that this is a serious reason, but having calmed down and looking at everything soberly, one can understand that friendship is much stronger than all omissions and insults.
Love is very important for us, but quarrels happen with the chosen ones. At the moment when conflicting feelings overcome, the reason for the quarrel seems significant, but negative emotions should not be allowed to destroy our happiness. At such moments, it is especially important to find the strength to forgive a loved one or ask for forgiveness yourself, because love for our loved one is stronger than temporary resentment against him.
There are moments when we cannot restrain ourselves in a fit of anger, we offend people dear to us. We need to learn self-control and patience, because after that we regret what we have done. But there are acts that cannot be forgiven to anyone, such as meanness, betrayal and betrayal. There is a lot of evil in the world, it is necessary to preserve the noble qualities in oneself and do good deeds in order to change the world for the better.
A lot can be released to a person, forgiveness indicates the infinite kindness of the heart, which the main character of the fairy tale of the same name by H. K. Andersen, the Little Mermaid, possesses. Having fallen in love with a young prince, the Little Mermaid decided to make a deal with a witch, received a pair of human legs, but gave her voice in return, and her every step resounded with unbearable pain.
The sea resident could be next to the prince, which she was very happy about, and in return he became attached to her. But the young man was able to love the Little Mermaid only as a sister, and later married another girl, which doomed the heroine to death. The condition of the deal was imminent death in the event of the prince's marriage to another.
The Little Mermaid had a chance to survive and return home if she killed her lover, but the girl's soul is full of love and mercy, and the Little Mermaid was able to do this. The heroine left the life of the prince, sacrificing her own. Such an act is an example of boundless kindness and generosity.
Kindness has been living in our hearts since childhood, but sometimes such qualities as selfishness, cruelty or indifference crowd it out. It becomes difficult for us to forgive, to show patience and consideration towards others. It is necessary to protect the light that is stored in our soul, because it is this that helps to protect the world from all the bad weather created by evil.
This article has reviewed the problem of kindness: arguments from the literature and the author's essay were given below to prepare for the unified state exam.
