When I passed the task for a bunch of textured spots, I was looking for types of shading with a pencil and ink. Maybe someone else will be useful.
top left: hatching called lamb. It is performed with circular movements of the hand without taking it off the paper.
top right: cross hatching.
bottom left: chaotic shading is done without lifting the pencil from the paper. It is created without any standards, just move your hand as it will lead
bottom right: hatching basket. First of all, make a few short strokes at a small distance from each other, then the same only in the other direction, and so on until the end.
What is your favorite type of shading?
bonus:
You can rub the lines with a piece of cotton, wrapped around a match.
The old masters made special "shadings" for this purpose from suede or soft skin. The suede is cut in the shape of a trapezoid, the dimensions of the base are approximately 10 cm. and 6 cm., height 6 cm.. Smeared on the smooth side with glue for the skin, the plane is within the small side of the trapezoid. After that, it is tightly rolled into a roller, starting from the large side of the trapezoid and tied up. After drying, the pointed ends of the roller are ground on sandpaper. Such "shading" will be enough for work for many years.
now such shadings are made from paper in the factory.
Exercise 1.
Take a sheet of thin paper and, starting from the top, draw straight horizontal lines. Trying to leave a small equal gap between the lines, fill the entire sheet with these lines. Draw quickly, in one long stroke, the slower you draw the line, the more curved it will be. Most likely, the lines will be very crooked at the top of the sheet and much smoother towards the bottom. It is clear that it is far from ideal, but if you get one or two in a sheet straight lines, that's a good start. Now on the same sheet, draw straight vertical lines from top to bottom, diagonal lines from right to left and left to right.
Exercise 2.
vertical and horizontal line divide the sheet into four equal parts. Fill in these parts with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (right to left and left to right) lines.
Exercise 3
Draw a square approximately in the middle of the sheet. Don't try to draw it with four perfect lines, you must draw the sides of the square "through" by drawing additional lines until the square is a square. Enter a circle in the square. Move the pencil freely in a circle, from one point of contact with the side of the square to the other, the more additional lines you draw in the search correct form, all the better. Shade the circle with diagonal lines from right to left and left to right.
Exercise 4
Draw a series of small squares, about 3x3 centimeters. Try to keep the squares the same size, at the same distance from each other. Below, draw a series of circles about the same size. Alternate rows, trying to get even columns of figures.
You can come up with such exercises yourself, alternate them as you like.
: put two points on the sheet and connect them with one movement with a straight line. Gradually spread the points further apart and put them under different angles, but the sheet should not be rotated. over time, move to three points, etc. Usually end with five points, to draw the correct star.
Do these exercises daily and also before you start drawing. Your movements will be more confident and professional.
Today I will tell you about several pencil drawing techniques. In the previous lesson in this series, you learned "". And now we will take a closer look: where to start drawing all the same?
What is important when hatching pencil drawing? Try not to allow a “torn” stroke, when the impact of the stylus on the paper at the beginning of the stroke gives a noticeable thickening. Make sure that the stroke line is uniform in color and thickness. It is very important for this to sharpen the pencil well. (learn) Stroke in one direction only, do not lead the pencil in reverse side on paper.
There are also other techniques. Strokes can be superimposed on each other at different angles, in several directions, for example, at 30.45 or 90 degrees. But do not hatch with a lattice. Such shading evokes associations with the lattice itself and will distract from the drawing itself, but it also does not look very aesthetically pleasing.
First you need to develop a little motor skills of the hand, to get the hand to “get used” to drawing. Suitable for this simple exercises. For all these exercises, the position of the sheet is book. Often beginners ignore these exercises, because they really want to get creative as soon as possible, but then you will most likely encounter the fact that the pencil will not obey you.
Let's do some exercises together that they do in:
Exercise 1.
Take a sheet of thin paper and, starting from the top, draw straight horizontal lines. Trying to leave a small equal gap between the lines, fill the entire sheet with these lines. Draw quickly, in one long stroke, the slower you draw the line, the more curved it will be. Most likely, the lines will be very crooked at the top of the sheet and much smoother towards the bottom. It is clear that it is far from ideal, but if you have one or two even lines in the sheet, this is a good start. Now on the same sheet, draw straight vertical lines from top to bottom, diagonal lines from right to left and left to right.
Exercise 2.
Divide the sheet into four equal parts with a vertical and horizontal line. Fill in these parts with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (right to left and left to right) lines.
Exercise 3
Draw a square approximately in the middle of the sheet. Don't try to draw it with four perfect lines, you should draw the sides of the square "through" by drawing additional lines until the square is a square. Enter a circle in the square. Move the pencil freely in a circle, from one point of contact with the side of the square to the other, the more additional lines you draw in search of the correct shape, the better. Shade the circle with diagonal lines from right to left and left to right.
Exercise 4
Draw a series of small squares, about 3x3 centimeters. Try to keep the squares the same size, at the same distance from each other. Below, draw a series of circles about the same size. Alternate rows, trying to get even columns of figures.
You can come up with such exercises yourself, alternate them as you like. The main thing is to do at least one such exercise at the beginning of your studies before each drawing lesson. I often start with the first exercise, after which the hand holds the pencil more confidently. The hardest part for me is the diagonal lines from left to right.
Learning to draw is quite possible, you just need to acquire the necessary skills, a little effort, and then it will not be difficult for you to express your ideas on paper or canvas.
I was taught another way: put two dots on a sheet and connect them with one movement with a straight line. Gradually spread the points further apart and put them at different angles, but do not rotate the sheet clearly .... over time, move to three points ...... etc. Usually they end with five points, to draw the correct star, again, an eye develops.
Do these exercises daily and also before you start drawing. Your movements will be more confident and professional.
On the course that I am currently conducting, a question arose "How to learn to hatch beautifully?" I think this is interesting not only for course participants, so I post the answer here)
The discussion started with this picture:
Yudaev-Rachey Yuri, "Bananas"
In this example, we will consider the features of beautiful hatching.
5 principles of beautiful hatching:
- First, a beautiful stroke is done with confident and quick movements. I already wrote about how to draw, they are needed not by themselves (“that's how great I can draw a straight line without a ruler!”), But as an element of a stroke. In the figure, these lines are very well read. To draw straight lines in this way, you need. Lines drawn by a trembling uncertain hand are unlikely to look impressive)
- Tone is developed by cross-hatching, increased pressure and more frequent strokes. But first of all, it is important to cross the lines - look, even in the darkest place, paper shines through the shading. This gives general impression purity.
- Shading is not used. I'm not saying that you can't shade at all. You can’t mix cross-hatching and shading in one drawing, if you grind it, then the whole drawing. Because when graphite is smeared in only a few places, it seems as if this is a consequence of general sloppiness. This happens, for example, when, during hatching, the hand travels over the paper and rubs ready-made areas - it is difficult to get rid of these spots later. It's easier to avoid them by putting under your arm clear sheet points.
- The stroke is superimposed in accordance with the form. For example, the figure shows that bananas lie on a horizontal plane, and behind them is a vertical plane. If the horizontal plane is hatched vertical lines, she will rear up) Which, in general, partly happened in the lower right corner of the picture.
- The most carefully worked out is what is in the foreground - there are the strongest contrasts. In the distance, the tonal transitions are smoother, everything seems to be shrouded in haze - this is how the aerial perspective is shown.
And most importantly, there is no need to be afraid to draw the line incorrectly, step outside the border, etc. Otherwise, you will feel constrained, and this feeling will certainly be transmitted to the viewer (if you decide to show someone a tortured drawing). To get it right, you need to draw WITH PLEASURE and think less about the result).
Another important note: the features of shading largely depend on the character of the person and temperament. It's like handwriting. Therefore, do not be discouraged if your hatching style differs from that of other artists, and compare your drawings only with your own!
How to learn to stroke beautifully? Mainly - with the help of regular and hard training. But there are some tricks that are very useful to achieve a good result.
Where to begin?
First, sharpen your pencils properly so that the stroke is even and clear. . Medium soft pencils (B or B2) are best for training.
The pencil must be held correctly, namely, freely placed on the palm of your hand, pressing it with your thumb, and with the rest only slightly holding it. At the same time, you need to hold the pencil closer to the lower tip. At first it is quite difficult, but when mastered, this position of the instrument gives a great advantage, significantly improving the technique.
Learning to hatch
Build tone in the shadows with cross strokes, instead of too much pressure on the pencil or solid "painting" of space, and also avoid rubbing strokes with your finger - even accidentally, if you do not want to give the impression of smudged work.
The stroke is superimposed in accordance with the shape of the subject to emphasize it. You should not hatch a round apple with straight lines, and the table below it with vertical lines, otherwise you will get a flat apple strung on an incomprehensible bristle. To transfer the form, you can use a horizontal, vertical, oblique stroke.
Apply more strokes on the foreground, highlighting it, and leave the background as if melting into a haze.
The main thing is that you do not need to hatch slowly, thoughtfully drawing each line, or quietly draw a pencil with a trembling hand.
Don't be afraid to go beyond the contours. Apply strokes quickly and confidently, without thinking about your every move, and every time you will get better and better!
Remember that the ability to hatch comes with experience. Therefore, learn, try to make beautiful shading and gain experience!
A high-quality slate drawing is a real work of art. AT art schools a lot of attention is paid to the work done in pencil. Hatching is needed in order to give objects shape and volume. In second place is the drawing of light and shadow.
When using the technique, the emphasis should be on cross-hatching. The tone thus created gives an overall impression of purity. If you look closely at the drawings of professionals, you can see that even in the darkest place a sheet of paper is translucent.
Basic concepts in the technique of hatching with a pencil
Understanding what a stroke is and learning how to use this technique correctly in a drawing is not as difficult as it seems. To do this, you need to learn the basic concepts:
- Chiaroscuro. This phenomenon allows us to see three-dimensional objects.
- Glare - on the surface of the object. Its intensity depends on the texture. Matte surfaces give less glare, glossy - more. There are materials on which glare is not visible. This is wood, stones, porous textures.
- Penumbra (halftone) - a smooth transition between shadow and light.
- Reflex - an unsaturated bright spot in a dark area. It is formed by rays reflected from nearby objects.
- A shadow is a dimly lit or completely unlit area of a drawing object. It can be own or falling. The darkest area is called the light division.
- A dash is a line that can be long or short. It all depends on the task of the artist. Hatching can be applied in different directions. When one layer falls on another, the tonality of the picture is gradually gaining. The image gets an interesting graininess.
Hatching in a classic pencil drawing
Having figured out what a stroke is, let's move on to its types. The drawing uses straight and cross hatching. The first happens:
- horizontal;
- at an angle;
- vertical.
Cross hatching is applied from above to the straight line. Consider an example. First, a straight horizontal stroke is applied. Jerky lines at an angle are superimposed on top. Then a vertical stroke. This forms a beautiful mesh tone surface. Then we apply a stroke with an inclination in the opposite direction and again
The details of the drawing that are in the foreground should be more clearly worked out. Here, the contrasts of chiaroscuro are stronger. In the background, the drawing should seem to be hazy and go into aerial perspective. Shape hatching is used to depict rounded objects, for example, balls, cones, cylinders. Lines emphasize the form, making it more expressive.
Alternative Hatch Types
- The simplest is dot hatching, which is applied by lightly tapping the stylus on the paper. The greater the number of dots, the richer the tonality of the pattern.
- Zigzag shading resembles hooks, commas, curls, which are applied randomly.
- Spray technique. It resembles a drawing Hatching is done with a cotton swab or napkin. A sharp knife removes slate chips that look like dust. It plunges there cotton swab or a piece of paper towel. The drawing is shaded on paper. A pastel effect is achieved.
Hatching Secrets
The principles by which hatching drawings are created:
- Hatching is done with separate lines. You can’t draw with a “snake” without taking your hand off.
- A common mistake for beginners is hatching with commas. Try to keep the line straight. Many beginners do not immediately understand what a stroke is. The line should be lighter at the beginning and end, and more saturated in the middle.
- One of the beginner-friendly ways is to stroke from shadow to light. The surface of any object is illuminated unevenly. Start work from the darkest place in the figure. You need to move from the shadow to the lighter part of the object, gradually increasing the length of the stroke.
- Hatching should be done with a confident hand and quick movements.
- While drawing, you need to turn the pencil in your fingers. Thus, the stylus will be wiped evenly. This will allow you to sharpen it less often.
- If the drawing is done on a horizontal surface, then you can not put your palm on the paper. You can accidentally rub the drawing with your hand and leave dirt on the sheet. The artist should learn to rely on the little finger when creating a drawing. Another option is to put under working hand blank sheet of paper.
- Consider the softness of the pencil. Information is always on the box. The harder the pencil, the more difficult it is to hatch.
You can understand what a stroke is and master the technique of drawing with a pencil only when more than one stack of paper has been damaged. Do not be afraid to draw the wrong line or go beyond the boundaries. Don't try to copy someone else's drawing style. Over time you will develop individual style pencil drawing.
