Tatar surnames-m. Tatar surnames: list

Most Tatar surnames are a modified form of the name of one of the male ancestors in the family. In more ancient years, she came from the name of the father of the family, but at the beginning of the 19th century this trend gradually began to change, and with the advent of Soviet power, not only the sons, but also the grandchildren of the eldest in the family, were assigned a common surname for all. In the future, it no longer changed and all descendants wore it. This practice continues to this day.

Education of Tatar surnames from professions

The origin of many Tatar surnames (as well as the surnames of other peoples) is due to the professions that their bearers were engaged in. So, for example, Urmancheev - urman (forester), Baksheev - bakshey (clerk), Karaulov - caravan (guard), Beketov - beket (teacher of the Khan's son), Tukhachevsky - tukhachi (standard bearer), etc. Quite interesting is the origin of the Tatar surnames, which today we consider Russian, for example, "Suvorov" (known since the 15th century).

In 1482, the serviceman Goryain Suvorov, who received his surname from the profession of a rider (suvor), was noted by references to him in the annals. In subsequent centuries, when the descendants of the Suvorov family decided to somewhat exalt the origin of their family name, a legend was invented about the Swedish progenitor of the Suvor family, who arrived in Russia in 1622 and settled here.

The surname Tatishchev has a completely different origin. Her nephew Ivan Shah - Prince Solomersky, who served the Grand Duke Ivan III, was given for the ability to quickly and accurately identify thieves. Thanks to his unique ability, he received the nickname "tatey", from which his famous surname originated.

Adjectives as the basis for the emergence of surnames

But much more often, Tatar surnames came from adjectives that were called this or that person for his distinctive characteristic qualities or special signs.

So, the name of the Bazarovs came from ancestors born on market days. From the brother-in-law - the husband of the wife's sister, who was called "Bazha", the surname Bazhanov came from. The friend, who was revered as highly as Allah, was called "Veliamin", and the surname Veliaminov (Velyaminov) originates from this word.

Men with will, desire, were called murads, the surname Muradov (Muratov) came from them; proud - Bulgak (Bulgakov); beloved and loving - dauds, dawoods, davids (Davydov). Thus, the meaning of Tatar surnames has ancient roots.

In the XV-XVII centuries, the surname Zhdanov was quite widespread in Rus'. It is believed that it bears its origin from the word "vijdan", which has two meanings at once. So they called both passionate lovers and religious fanatics. Each of the Zhdanovs can now choose the legend that he likes best.

Differences in the pronunciation of surnames in the Russian and Tatar environment

Tatar surnames that arose in antiquity have long adapted to Russian society. Quite often, we do not even guess about the true origin of our generic names, considering them to be primordially Russian. There are many examples of this, and there are quite funny options. But even those surnames that we consider invariable are pronounced with a slight difference in Russian and purely Tatar society. So, many Tatar composers, whose names and surnames will be given below, have long been perceived as primordially Russian. As well as actors, TV presenters, singers, musicians.

The Russian ending of Tatar surnames -in, -ov, -ev and others are often smoothed out in the Tatar environment. For example, Zalilov is pronounced as Zalil, Tukaev - as Tukay, Arakcheev - Arakchi. In official papers, as a rule, the ending is used. The only exceptions are the surnames of individual Mishar clans and Tatar murzas, since they are somewhat different from the usual Tatar generic names. The reason for this is the formation of a surname from those names that have not been widely used for a long time or are completely forgotten: Enikei, Akchurin, Divey. In the surname Akchurin, "-in" is not the ending, but part of the ancient name, which could also have several pronunciations.

Tatar boy names that appeared at different times

on the pages of old documents, they have not been called children for a long time. Many of them are of Arabic, Persian, Iranian, Turkic origin. Some Tatar names and surnames consist of several words at once. Their interpretation is quite complex and not always correctly explained.

Ancient names that have not been called boys in the Tatar environment for a long time:

• Babek - baby, toddler, small child;
• Babajan is a respected, respectable person;
• Baghdasar - light, a bouquet of rays;
• Badak - highly educated;
• Baibek - a powerful bek (master);
• Sagaydak - striking enemies like an arrow;
• Suleiman - healthy, lively, prosperous, living calmly;
• Magdanur - source of rays, light;
• Magdi - leading people along the path destined by Allah;
• Zakaria - always remembering Allah, a real man;
• Zarif - delicate, kind, pleasant, handsome;
• Fagil - hardworking, doing something, diligent;
• Satlyk is a purchased child. This name has a long ritual meaning. After the birth of a child, for protection from dark forces, it was given to relatives or friends for a while, and then “redeemed” for money, while naming the child Satlyk.

Modern Tatar names are nothing more than a Europeanized type of names formed in the 17th-19th centuries. Among them are Airat, Albert, Akhmet, Bakhtiyar, Damir, Zufar, Ildar, Ibrahim, Iskander, Ilyas, Kamil, Karim, Muslim, Ravil, Ramil, Rafael, Rafail, Renat, Said, Timur, Fuat, Hasan, Shamil, Shafkat, Edward, Eldar, Yusup and many others.

Ancient and modern names of girls

It is possible that in remote Tatar villages one can still meet girls named Zulfinur, Khadia, Naubukhar, Nurinisa, Maryam, but in recent decades, female names have become more familiar to Europeans, as they are stylized after them. Here are just a few of them:

• Aigul - moon flower;
• Alsou - rose water;
• Albina - white-faced;
• Amina - gentle, faithful, honest. Amina was the mother of the Prophet Muhammad;
• Bella is beautiful;
• Gaul - occupying a high position;
• Guzel - very beautiful, dazzling;
• Dilyara - pleasing to the heart;
• Zainap - portly, full build;
• Zulfira - having superiority;
• Zulfiya - charming, beautiful;
• Ilnara - the flame of the country, the fire of the people;
• Ilfira is the pride of the country;
• Kadriya - worthy of respect;
• Karima - generous;
• Layla - dark-haired;
• Leysan - generous;
• Naila - reaching the goal;
• Nuria - bright, radiant;
• Raila - founder;
• Raisa - leader;
• Regina - the wife of the king, the queen;
• Roxana - illuminating with bright light;
• Faina - shining;
• Chulpan - morning star;
• Elvira - protecting, protecting;
• Elmira - conscientious, glorified.

Famous and widespread Russian surnames of Tatar origin

Basically, Russian surnames appeared back in the years of the conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars and after the expulsion of nomads far beyond the borders of the Slavic lands by the united Russian-Lithuanian army. Anthroponymic specialists have over five hundred names of noble and well-born Russians who are of Tatar origin. Almost every one of them has a long and sometimes beautiful story behind it. Basically, this list includes princely, boyar, count surnames:

• Abdulovs, Aksakovs, Alabins, Almazovs, Alyabyevs, Anichkovs, Apraksins, Arakcheevs, Arsenyevs, Atlasovs;
• Bazhanovs, Bazarovs, Baikovs, Baksheevs, Barsukovs, Bakhtiyarovs, Bayushevs, Beketovs, Bulatovs, Bulgakovs;
• Velyaminovs;
• Gireevs, Gogol, Gorchakovs;
• Davydovs;
• Zhdanov;
• Zubov;
• Izmailovs;
• Kadyshevs, Kalitins, Karamzins, Karaulovs, Karachinskys, Kartmazovs, Kozhevnikovs (Kozhaevs), Kononovs, Kurbatovs;
• Lachinovs;
• Mashkovs, Minins, Muratovs;
• Naryshkins, Novokreshchenovs;
• Ogaryovs;
• Peshkovs, Plemyannikovs;
• Radishchev, Rastopchin, Ryazanov;
• Saltanovs, Svistunovs, Suvorovs;
• Tarkhanovs, Tatishchevs, Timiryazevs, Tokmakovs, Turgenevs, Tukhachevskys;
• Uvarovs, Ulanovs, Ushakovs;
• Khitrovs, Khrushchevs;
• Chaadaevs, Chekmarevs, Chemesovs;
• Sharapovs, Sheremetevs, Shishkins;
• Shcherbakov;
• Yusupovs;
• Yaushev.

For example, the first descendants of the Anichkovs came from the Horde. The mention of them dates back to 1495 and is related to Novgorod. The Atlasovs got their surname from a fairly common typical Tatar surname - Atlasi. The Kozhevnikovs began to be called so after they entered the service of Ivan III in 1509. What their family name was before this is not known for certain, but it is assumed that their surname included the word "Khoja", which meant "master".

The surnames listed above, considered as Russian, but by origin Tatar surnames, the list of which is far from complete, are mostly well known to the current generation. They were glorified by great writers, actors, politicians, military leaders. They are considered Russian, but their ancestors were Tatars. The great culture of their people was glorified by completely different people. Among them there are famous writers, which are worth talking about in more detail.

The most famous of them:

• Abdurakhman Absalyamov - prose writer of the 20th century. His essays, stories, novels "Golden Star", "Gazinur", "Inextinguishable Fire" were published both in Tatar and in Russian. Absalyamov translated into Russian "Spring on the Oder" Kazakevich, "Young Guard" Fadeev. He translated not only Russian writers, but also Jack London, Guy de Maupassant.
• Fathi Burnash, whose real name and surname is Fatkhelislam Burnashev - a poet, prose writer , translator, publicist, theater figure. He is the author of many dramatic and lyrical creations, which have enriched both Tatar literature and theater.
• Karim Tinchurin, in addition to being famous as a writer, he is also an actor and playwright, is listed among the founders of the professional Tatar theater.
• Gabdulla Tukay is the most beloved and revered poet, publicist, public figure and literary critic among the people.
• Gabdulgaziz Munasypov - writer and poet.
• Mirkhaydar Faizullin - poet, playwright, publicist, compiler of a collection of folk songs.
• Zahir (Zagir) Yarulla ugyly is a writer, the founder of Tatar realistic prose, a public and religious figure.
• Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov is both a Tatar and a scientist, a religious figure. In his works, he repeatedly raised the issue of women's emancipation, was a supporter of introducing his people to European culture.
• Sharif Baygildiev, who took the pseudonym Kamal, is a writer, an outstanding playwright and translator, who was the first to translate “Virgin Soil Upturned” into the Tatar language.
• Kamal Galiaskar, whose real name is Galiaskar Kamaletdinov, was a true classic of Tatar drama.
• Yavdat Ilyasov wrote about the ancient and medieval history of Central Asia.

Tatar families glorified and left their greatest mark in their native literature also Naki Isanbet, Ibragim Gazi, Salih Battalov, Ayaz Gilyazov, Amirkhan Eniki, Atilla Rasikh, Angam Atnabaev, Shaikhi Mannur, Shaikhelislam Mannurov, Garifzyan Akhunov. There is also a woman among them - Fauzia Bayramova - a writer, a prominent political figure, a human rights activist. The famous Henryk Sienkiewicz, who came from the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, can also be added to this list.

Tatar writers, whose names are given above, lived and worked in Soviet times, but modern Tatarstan also has something to be proud of.

Writers of Tatarstan of a later period

Undoubtedly, Shaukat Galliev deserved the greatest fame among his compatriots with his high writing talent. The real name of the writer is Idiyatullin, he took his pseudonym on behalf of his father. Galliev is an outstanding son of his generation, the brightest representative of the Tatar writers of the second half of the 20th century.

Worthy of every respect of the Tatar people and Raul Mir-Khaydarov, who received high recognition in the Soviet and then Russian years. Like Rinat Mukhamadiev and Kavi Najmi.

Let us recall some more names and surnames of Tatar writers known outside the republic: Razil Valeev, Zarif Bashiri, Vakhit Imamov, Rafkat Karami, Gafur Kulakhmetov, Mirsai Amir, Foat Sadriev, Khamit Samikhov, Ildar Yuzeev, Yunus Mirgaziyan.

So, from 1981 to 1986 he headed the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR, from 1981 to the present - a member of the board of the Union of Writers of Tatarstan. And Foat Sadriev is the author of about twenty plays for the theater, a member of the Writers' Union. His works have long been of interest to Tatar and Russian theatrical figures.

Great Tatar composers and artists

Outstanding Tatar writers, whose names and surnames are highly valued by enlightened minds throughout the post-Soviet space, undoubtedly contributed to the exaltation of the glory of their people, as well as the outstanding world-famous violinist Alina Ibragimova, and many famous athletes: football players, hockey players, basketball players , wrestlers. Their game is heard and stared at by millions. But after some time, their traces will be erased by new idols who have come to replace them, who will be applauded by the halls and stands, while writers, as well as composers, artists, sculptors, have left their mark for centuries.

Talented Tatar artists left their legacy for posterity in canvases. The names and surnames of many of them are known both in their native land and in the Russian Federation. It is enough to recall only Harris Yusupov, Lutfulla Fattakhov, Baki Urmanche, so that true lovers and connoisseurs of modern painting understand who they are talking about.

Famous Tatar composers are also worthy of a nominal mention. Such as Farid Yarullin, who died at the front in the Great Patriotic War, the author of the famous ballet Shurale, in which the incomparable Maya Plisetskaya danced; Nazib Zhiganov, who received the honorary title of People's Artist of the USSR back in 1957; Latif Hamidi, among whose works are opera, waltzes, the favorite among the people; Enver Bakirov; Salih Saidashev; Aidar Gainullin; Sonia Gubaidullina, who wrote the music for the cartoon "Mowgli", 25 films, including "Scarecrow" by Rolan Bykov. These composers glorified Tatar families all over the world.

Famous contemporaries

Almost every Russian knows Tatar surnames, the list of which includes Baria Alibasov, Yuri Shevchuk, Dmitry Malikov, Sergei Shokurov, Marat Basharov, Chulpan Khamatova, Zemfira, Alsou, Timati, whose real name is Timur Yunusov. Among singers, musicians, cultural figures, they will never be lost, and all of them have Tatar roots.

The land of Tatarstan is also rich in outstanding athletes, whose names there is no way to list, there are so many of them. What kinds of sports they represent, it was said above. Each of them glorified not only the name of their family, but also their entire region with its ancient history. Many of them also have very beautiful Tatar surnames - Nigmatullin, Izmailov, Zaripov, Bilyaletdinov, Yakupov, Dasaev, Safin. Behind each is not only the talent of its bearer, but also an interesting story of origin.

Gabdulla Tukay
(1886-1913)

Musa Җәlil
(1906-1944)

Tatarlarnyn surname (Tatar surnames)
All Tatar surnames are derived from the names of a male ancestor.

• Initially, the surname was the name of the father.
  • In the older generation, this rule is still traced in his full name, patronymic and surname.
• Under Soviet rule, this rule gradually disappeared - the grandson began to bear the surname of his father, which comes from the name of his grandfather.
  • In the future, this surname did not change and spread to all descendants.
• As a rule, Tatar surnames have two spellings:
  • with Russian ending -ev», « -ov», « -in' and so on, for example, Tukaev, "Saidashev"
  • without ending, for example, "Tukai", "SAIDASH (Saidash)"
    • The option without an ending is often used in Tatar literature, sometimes when communicating among native speakers, often as a pseudonym:
    • When talking with Russian speakers, as well as in official documents of Russia and the USSR, for example, in a passport and Russian literature, a variant with an ending and Russian transcription of specific letters of the Tatar language is usually used.
      • The exception is the surnames of the Tatar murzas, service Tatars and individual Mishar clans, which have appeared since the 16th century. They often differ from ordinary Tatar surnames, as they are formed from names that are now not found among the Tatars (Akchurin, Enikeev, Diveev, etc.), and can also be formed from Russian roots (for example, the Kleimenovs received such a surname for participating in the Pugachev uprising ).
• Crimean Tatars have two spellings of surnames:
  • with a Russian ending: practically with the ending " -ov", but there are surnames with the ending" -in», « -and I», « -th". Most of the surnames of the Crimean Tatars appeared during the Great Patriotic War.
  • educated from professions, for example, we can distinguish:
    • « Urmancheev» - « forester»
    • « Arakcheev» - « headdress”, from the Turkic word “arakchin”

Origin of Tatar surnames

Studying the ethnic composition of the population of Russia, you can see that a significant part of the inhabitants of our country is occupied by Tatars. And this is not accidental, the history of the Russian state developed in such a way that at the moment representatives of many nations and nationalities live on its territory. And one of the most numerous ethnic groups are the Tatar peoples. And, despite the fact that for decades and centuries there has been a mixture of nations and nationalities, the Tatars were able to preserve their national language, their culture and traditions. Tatar surnames refer precisely to such national characteristics and traditions.
The origin of Tatar surnames goes back to the mists of time, when, like other peoples, the richest and most noble representatives of the Tatar family were the first to acquire surnames. And only by the 20th century did the rest of the people of Tatar origin receive surnames. Until that moment, that is, while there were no surnames yet, the family relations of the Tatars were determined by their tribal affiliation. From an early age, every representative of the Tatar people memorized the names of their paternal ancestors. At the same time, the generally accepted norm was to know your family up to seven tribes.

Features of Tatar surnames

There is a significant difference between the well-known Tatar surnames, given names and the full formula for the formation of Tatar names. It turns out that the full formula of the Tatar naming consists of the name itself, patronymic and surname. At the same time, patronymics among the ancient Tatars were formed from the naming of the father, to which was added "uly" (son) or "kyzy" (daughter). Over time, these traditions in the formation of Tatar patronymics and surnames were mixed with Russian traditions of word formation. As a result, at the moment it can be considered that the vast majority of Tatar surnames were formed as derivatives of the names of male ancestors. At the same time, to form a surname, Russian endings were added to the male name: “-ov”, “-ev”, “-in”. These are, for example, the following Tatar surnames: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaydullin, Turgenev, Safin. This list of Tatar surnames can be quite large, since it was male names that were the main source for the formation of Tatar surnames. If we talk about the meaning that these surnames have, then it is obvious that it will repeat the meaning of the naming, from which a specific surname is formed.
According to statistics, the number of Tatar surnames with the endings "-ev", "-ov" exceeds the Tatar surnames with the ending "-in" by about three times.

Other Tatar surnames

Also, the origin of some Tatar surnames was associated with professions. This type of surname exists in almost all nations, and Tatar surnames in this sense are no exception. Examples of surnames whose origin is associated with professions can be the following surnames: Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others.

Round table "BUSINESS Online": Tatar Murzas and their role in the formation of national identity

Today, the issue of the formation of new elites in society is acute: what is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? And how should it respond to the issues of our time, to the challenges that the Tatar nation faces, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language? Representatives of the ancient Tatar families, the Murzas from Kazan and Ufa, were looking for answers to these and other questions in the editorial office of BUSINESS Online.

Round table participants:

Bulat Yaushev- leader of the meeting of the Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Alexei von Essen- leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Rashid Gallam– Candidate of Historical Sciences, former researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan;

Gali Enikeev— independent historian, lawyer (Ufa);

Nail Chanyshev- member of the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Belarus, reserve officer (Ufa);

Farhad Gumarov— Candidate of Historical Sciences, head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia";

Gadel Safin- Head of an IT company.

Moderators:

Farit Urazaev— candidate of historical sciences, member of the meeting of the Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan;

Ruslan Aisin— political scientist.

“THIS WAS THE AGE WHEN THE CONCEPT OF THE ELITE WAS TURNED ON THE HEAD”

Who can be considered the elite of Tatar society today? Representatives of the Tatar nobility - murzas - were looking for an answer to this question at the round table "Tatar murzas and their historical role in the development of national identity", such was the topic of the meeting in the editorial office of BUSINESS Online. “Today, the issue of the formation of new elites in our society is acute. We lived in a large Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down: everything in society was mixed up, confused. And this had a detrimental effect on the state of the whole society, its socio-economic and political development, ”the leader of the assembly of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan began the work of the round table. Bulat Yaushev.

Bulat Yaushev: “We lived in the big Russian state for 100 years after the revolution, and it was an era when the concept of elites was turned upside down”

At the same time, the representative of the oldest Tatar family added that there is a natural history, an understanding of what the elites of society are and how they should be properly formed. “There are many examples of this concept from various countries and peoples, there are even mathematical theories that describe the process of forming elites. These historical patterns cannot be broken, they inevitably make themselves felt. Today, we would like these correct science-based processes to re-emerge and lead our society to return to a healthy, natural development,” he said.

Rashid Galliam: "The theme of murz is the most important layer in the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole"

Candidate of Historical Sciences Rashid Gallam gave a brief description of the concept of "Murza". “The theme of Murz is the most important layer of the history of the Tatar people and, at the same time, the history of Russia as a whole. The term "murza" means "son of the emir" - a member of the ruling dynasty. Among the Tatars, it was used in several versions, depending on the dialect - morza, mirza and myrza, ”the scientist noted. This term, according to Galliam, was introduced into the Golden Horde from Persia. “Murza is a large feudal lord, landowner, head of a clan, horde,” he clarified and gave the names of well-known murzas: this is the leader ideas, Yusuf(from Yusuf Murza went the famous Russian noble family of the Yusupovs - approx. ed.) and his sibling Ismagil- the queen's father Syuyumbike. “Later this status was leveled. In 1713, under Peter I, during the Christianization of the Tatars, the Murzas were ordered to be baptized, if they refused, then their lands were taken away from them and transferred to Russian feudal lords. At this time, many murzas were transferred to the taxable estate, although some of the murzas retained both the title and some privileges. They were included in the nobility already in the time of Catherine II. Since then, some of the former murzas entered the nobility, and some were engaged in trade. Famous mullahs, philanthropists, industrialists and so on came out of the murzas. The next stage comes in the Soviet and modern era, when the title “Murza” has a purely nominal meaning, a certain code of prestige, but does not carry a real social burden, ”the historian recalled. At the same time, the participants of the round table noted that "half of the noble families of Russia had Tatar surnames."

“Adapting to the persecution, many murzas became clergymen, imams, muftis, since they could not be baptized,” the moderator of the round table emphasized Farit Urazaev. “Both in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, people from these clans reached very serious heights, although the Soviet system severely persecuted them and repressed them. But very many births in Soviet times took place and retained this code. For example, more than 200 candidates and doctors of sciences came from the Chanyshev family. Phenomenal occurrence! There is also the village of Tatarskie Kargaly in Bashkortostan, 250 outstanding personalities came out of it: composers, writers, artists, scientists, military men. This phenomenon has not yet been studied,” added Urazaev and gave the floor to the representative of the Chanyshev family Nail Chanyshev from Ufa.

The former military man spoke about the history of his family, from which, as Urazaev already noted, more than 200 scientists came out, as well as about their contribution to the development of Tatar society. In particular, Shaikhilislam Chanyshev took an active part in the social life of the Tatars of Moscow, with his direct participation, the Asadullaev House was returned to the Tatar community, now the Tatar Cultural Center of Moscow is located there. A lieutenant colonel Shagiakhmet Rakhmetullin son Chanyshev awarded the medal "For the Capture of Paris" in the wars of 1812-1815. “The Chanyshevs, like many others, unlike the kind of the richest family of the Russian Empire, the Yusupovs, refused to be baptized, as a result of which they lost their estates, carried state duties, were subject to a poll salary and lost their former status and title, after which they moved to the Ufa province” - said Chanyshev.

Gali Enikeev: “History is a part of ideology, it forms a worldview”

"THE ROMAN-GERMAN YOKE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA"

Due to the fact that most of the ancient archives of Muslims were preserved in Ufa, in 1993 Garden by Murza Enikeev For the first time, the Tatar noble assembly of the Republic of Belarus was created. Since 1997, the regular newspaper “Noble Bulletin” (“Morzalar Khabarchese”) has been published. . Later, in Kazan in 2006, the "Assembly of Tatar Murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan" ("Mejlis of Tatar Murzas") was registered. .

“The organization began its work by studying the history of ancient families and clans. Murzas have always been the most educated class and bearers of traditions and advanced knowledge. It left its mark on many generations. The example of the Chanyshev clan is vivid, but not the only one; we observe similar manifestations in many genera. Studying the history of our families, our clans, we delve into the study of the history of the entire Tatar people - we find various documents in the archives. I would like the view of the modern generation to be directed deeper into its history. This is sorely lacking in modern life. Knowledge of the history of one's people and one's ancestors forms national self-consciousness and self-identification of a person. National self-consciousness, in turn, creates motivation to preserve the native language and culture. This direction in our activity is the most important, and we are trying to connect the younger generation to the knowledge of the real history of the Tatars, ”said the leader of the meeting of Tatar murzas of the Republic of Tatarstan Bulat Yaushev.

Gali Enikeev, another representative of an ancient Tatar family, a lawyer by profession, has written five books about the history of the Tatars (“The Crown of the Horde Empire”, “Genghis Khan and the Tatars: Myths and Reality”, “The Heritage of the Tatars” and others), the sixth is being prepared. “I read the history of the USSR, translated from Russian into Tatar, completely in the 4th grade. History is part of an ideology, it forms a worldview,” he explained his interest. I still had a lot of questions about this story.

Murza and scientists noted the importance of studying the objective history of the Tatar people. Thus, the head of the discussion club "Greater Eurasia" in the Republic of Tatarstan, candidate of historical sciences Farhad Gumarov told how the Tatar Murzas and Eurasianism are connected as a certain concept. “The Golden Horde civilization played an important role in the fate of many peoples on the territory of Eurasia. However, its role was subsequently distorted. From the time of Peter I, important posts in the state gradually began to be occupied by foreigners from Western Europe or their supporters. Both Klyuchevsky and Lomonosov spoke about this. According to Trubetskoy, one of the founders of the theory of Eurasianism, a Romano-Germanic yoke was established in Russia. And so, over time, they began to undeservedly describe the Golden Horde heritage of Muscovy as times of savagery and robbery, given that more than half of the noble families were associated with Tatar Murzas. And it was the Eurasians who first began to wonder whether the history of Russia, written by Europeans, is true. And on the basis of the scientific base, they came to the conclusion that the Turkic-Tatars acted in the Eurasian expanses as the leading state-forming nation and the custodian of Eurasian traditions,” he noted.

At the same time, all participants of the round table agreed that representatives of some well-known Tatar families need to move away from the scale of microhistory, when the Murzas study only the history of their surnames and go beyond these limits. “The history of murzas has not been generalized, there are separate articles by individual scientists, there are books devoted to individual genera, but there is no generalizing work, there is still no fundamental book,” Galliam expressed his concern. At the same time, Urazaev added that the process of mobilizing Tatar murzas and scientists is now underway in order to hold an international scientific and practical conference on the history of Tatar murzas and nobles.

"IF SOMEONE SOLVES THIS PROBLEM, HE WILL BE A REAL MURZA, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL ELITE"

The participants of the round table did not bypass the topic of studying the Tatar language in schools, which is burning for everyone today. “What is the elite now? And how the new Tatar elite should respond to the challenges facing the Tatar nation, including those related to the problem of the loss of the Tatar language. What is the new Tatar elite, does it exist? If not, what should it be like and how should it respond to contemporary issues?” asked another moderator of the round table, a political scientist Ruslan Aisin. “The topic “Tatar Murzas and their historical role in the formation of national identity”, in my opinion, is a very important defining topic, because what is a “nation”? A nation is first of all a self-determination of oneself. It must be understood that the mass of the people, the mass of the people, is not a collective mind. A nation is made by a few - just representatives of the elite. It so happened historically that the rulers of Egypt, the Mamluks ( Turkic Kipchaks — approx. ed.). Therefore, we must say that we even cross these borders, because, being a nomadic civilization, we have no horizon, we overcome the horizon. It is very important that it was the Murzas who acted as the elite and the factor that built this pyramid of nation-building. Today, now, unfortunately, this topic is leaving, because we do not know our roots, our history,” he said.

“For me, this was a painful topic all my life, because if a people does not have a language, it loses its face as a people. Why does this question affect everyone, because until the age of 17 I talked with my grandmother, and then I did not have the opportunity to practice and continue to learn the Tatar language. I believe that all efforts should be devoted to improving material well-being or solving some technical problem, but do not forget about the search for new methods, forms, and they are, in order to raise the Tatar language to the level so that a person can think and speak in their native language language. A person who knows two languages ​​- Russian and Tatar - to perfection, will open for himself in the future great opportunities in the formation of a Eurasian worldview. If someone solves this problem, he will be a real Murza. And if you make the language secondary, then this is quiet assimilation, the same as Christianization, - Chanyshev supported the language theme and cited the Yusupov family as an example. “If you love money, take Christianity.”

“Language is not just a linguistic construct, it is a way of thinking. Speakers of different languages ​​formulate and build their thoughts in different ways. This side of the language is the defining cultural portrait of the nation. The language must be preserved, because it is the property of our culture, because it is the method and style of our national thinking. If we lose it, we lose our uniqueness. What is connected with today's language situation: external forces are systematically trying to make us an object of manipulation, and we all feel the pressure of this manipulation since childhood. In this case, the distorted perception of history from school textbooks is of decisive importance. An example is the history of the Golden Horde, the history of the so-called Tatar-Mongol yoke. This is, to put it mildly, not true. "Black legend", as Lev Gumilyov said. And this untruth, embedded in the minds of the majority of the population from the school bench, is the basis of inter-confessional and inter-ethnic conflict. We want to get away from it, but we can’t, the consciousness holds us, because it has been formed since childhood. And now one of the most important tasks for all of us and the thinking part of our society is to start studying real history. Return to historical facts, books written by serious independent researchers. If we come to this, we will understand that there is no confrontation between the nations inhabiting the Russian Federation, we have all been living here for centuries, we must be friends and cooperate, as we have cooperated since ancient times. And there shouldn't be any problems. Russians should respect the fact that the Tatars and other peoples know their language and history, and the Tatars should watch with satisfaction how the Russian nation develops, prospers and improves. After all, we live in a country that our ancestors jointly built, ”added the leader of the assembly of Tatar murzas RT Yaushev.

And the moderator of the round table Urazaev, in order to draw closer attention of the participants of the round table, stopped at the sad statistics. Since the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet empire, the Russian people have basically experienced a deep depression: in one day, 25 million Russians were left outside their homeland and do not want to return; demographic indicators for the last 25 years record population decline; every year hundreds of villages disappear from the map of the country, land is devastated, especially in central Russia and the Far East; in recent years, about 20 million people living below the poverty line have appeared in Russia; an increase in the retirement age and the outflow of young people with higher education from Russia (about 30%) to different countries can dramatically worsen the socio-economic situation of the population.

At the same time, in the Baltic countries, in Ukraine and in the countries of Central Asia, the Russian language as a means of interethnic communication is removed from the school curriculum. This is a stress factor for the Russian population. However, in the Russian Federation itself, in places densely populated by Tatars, Tatar schools have been systematically closed for the last quarter of a century. The ethno-cultural component remains - two or three hours of the Tatar language or literature per week, and in many areas this is not even there. These problems, after the abolition of the agreement between the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation, came to our republic. “When the first Tatar gymnasiums opened, and this was the desire of the parents, I sent my children to Tatar kindergartens and schools. I didn't have any problems. When I already sent my Tatar-speaking grandson to a kindergarten, within six months he lost his native language. That is, in Tatarstan, the education of my children and grandson in their native language at the present stage is not guaranteed by the state. Unfortunately, the assimilation of the nation does not begin from the school bench, but directly from the kindergarten. We need not only to study history, but we will also have to rebuild the system of national education. These problems specifically concern me, as a grandfather, as a parent. We have one fatherland, we have lived here and will continue to live. I am the same taxpayer, but some people are provided with conditions for learning their native language, while others are not. At one time we wanted to be the "Soviet people", but for certain reasons it was gone. Now they say: “We are the Russian people.” But before becoming the Russian people, I, as a citizen of this country, as a representative of the Tatar nation, must know whether the state guarantees my inviolable rights to preserve the Tatar language and culture on a legislative basis. Violation of constitutional rights, unfortunately, does not contribute to the formation of civil society,” concluded Urazaev.

"NOW WE HAVE THE ELITE OF MONEY, THE ELITE OF CLANS"

At the same time, Aisin noted that the role of Murza is very important here. “Even before the revolution, it was not easy for the Tatars: they violated their freedom of religion. What did the murzas do? After all, these are people of a serious great consciousness, because they were responsible for the fate of the nation, and thanks to them we now have our religion of Islam, which they brought to us, and the language, and history, and the cultural matrix. Now their role is greater than ever. Who, if not them? When we talk about the people, we must understand that this concept is rather abstract, amorphous. Certain people make it a nation: specific historians who write books, specific murzas: the Chanyshevs, the Yaushevs, and so on. They personify this people and lead it. If they do not exist, then the people will simply crumble, which is what we are getting now. Do we have a true elite or not? If there is no elite, then everything is falling apart. All we've been getting in recent years is an elite identity crisis. Apparently, there is no stratum that could, like the Murzas in their time for 500 years, preserve this whole rich tradition. And now, unfortunately, we can lose all this very quickly,” Aisin said.

“All the descendants of the nobility in Soviet times fell under the heavy influence of the state. Nobles at that time were not allowed to enter higher educational institutions,” added another participant of the round table, the leader of the nobility assembly of the Republic of Tatarstan Alexei von Essen. At the same time, von Essen is sure that in order to grow a new elite, it is not enough to teach a person good manners. “The tradition, which is passed down through the family, makes a person be cultured. To become a cultured person, it is not enough to learn how to properly hold a spoon with a fork and smile. A family in two or three generations should live in prosperity and order, which is not the case now. What do you understand by the Soviet and post-Soviet elite? The elite that - murz, nobles - was a community of people who treated with respect the representatives of other classes. Now we have an elite of money, an elite of clans. Every rich man considers himself an elite and creates groups around him. We're going into the 1990s. Is it the elite? We must decide on this issue,” he stressed.

“The question arose of what is the main value base of our society, not only Tatar, but wider,” Aisin agreed with him. - During the days of the World Cup, we saw that a certain value substitution was taking place: everyone was shouting “hurrah, hurrah”. When a nation or a people that inhabits these spaces does not have systemic values, they are replaced by some kind of ideological simulacra. “Such jingoistic patriotism,” the Murzas agreed with him.

“The elite are people who have introduced some kind of ideological superstructure. What should be the main value orientation of the Tatars, their traditional historical elite - the Murz? Aisin asked. And he himself, at the request of the participants of the round table, answered it. “What is the Tatar elite? What should it be made up of? From what things should it be formed? Unfortunately, a certain thread has been lost, the connection with the historical past, where there were great ancestors, part of this great is unknown, part of it was reported to us. But, unfortunately, our current rulers are happy to squander this whole business, profiting simply economically. What should the elite consist of now? First of all, these are people who are ready to sacrifice for the benefit of society, ready to invest their intellectual and existential resources in the development of the nation. These are the people who are willing to give rather than take. Plus, these are people with an excess of a certain internal passionate energy. These are people with a special seal, who are chosen to lead the people forward. There can't be many such people, but you can't get anywhere without this elite. I think that those present here are also representatives of the Tatar elite, because, firstly, they raise the question “why did this happen?”, and secondly, “what to do?”. If people ask such a question, they are already on the first step. The second step is actually action. “That is, you recognize them by their deeds,” Urazaev noted.

Head of an IT company Gadel Safin noted that it is not so easy to unite young people under one idea: “The situation among young people is deplorable, because there is social discord, differentiation: by nationality, by ethnicity and, most importantly, by religion. There are whole channels that incite this dissension, there are channels that, on the contrary, consolidate. I have nothing to do with the Murzas, so it’s hard for me to say something on this topic.” “Every time he puts forward his own murzas, intellectuals - this is the request of the time. Yes, there are hereditary murzas who contribute, and there are intellectuals, they are also murzas who have tremendous potential and contribute their knowledge to the development of society. In this respect, you are a young Murza, the future of the Tatar nation; people of intellectual labor who contribute and will continue to contribute,” Urazaev objected to him. “Being a Murza is a great responsibility for oneself, for one’s family, for one’s clan, for one’s nation, for the fatherland where we live,” he summed up.

Probably everyone has heard the saying: "Scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar!" Russian and Tatar culture were in such close contact with each other that today we sometimes do not even suspect the Tatar origin of some Russian surnames.

How did Tatar surnames appear in Rus'?

Russian surnames of Tatar origin appeared, of course, during the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Then many Tatars served at the court of Ivan the Terrible and other Russian tsars. There were many mixed marriages between representatives of the Russian and Tatar nobility. As a result, specialists in anthroponymy count over 500 noble and well-born families, originally of Tatar origin. Among them are the Aksakovs, Alyabyevs, Apraksins, Berdyaevs, Bunins, Bukharins, Godunovs, Gorchakovs, Dashkovs, Derzhavins, Yermolovs, Kadyshevs, Mashkovs, Naryshkins, Ogarevs, Peshkovs, Radishchevs, Rostopchins, Ryazanovs, Timiryazevs, Turgenevs, Ulanovs, Khrushchevs, Chaadaevs, Sheremetevs, Yusupovs and many others.

Examples of the origin of Russian surnames from Tatars

Take, for example, the name Anichkov. Its ancestors were from the Horde. The first mention of them dates back to 1495. The ancestors of the Atlasovs bore the common Tatar surname Atlasi. The Kozhevnikovs, according to one version, received this surname not at all from the profession of a tanner, but by their family surname, which included the word “khodzha” (in Tatar, “master”). Representatives of this family were given a new surname after they entered the service of Ivan III in 1509.

The Karamzins descended from the Tatar Kara Murza (which literally means "Black Prince"). The name itself has been known since the 16th century. At first, its representatives bore the surname Karamza, and then turned into the Karamzins. The most famous descendant of this family is the writer, poet and historian N.M. Karamzin.

Types of Tatar surnames in Russia

Most Tatar surnames originated from the name that was carried by one of the male ancestors in the family. In ancient times, the surname was given by the father, but at the beginning of the 19th century, the same surname was already worn by children and grandchildren. After the advent of Soviet power, these names were fixed in official documents and have not changed.

Many surnames were given by profession. So, the surname Baksheev came from "bakshey" (clerk), Karaulov - from "caravan" (guard), Beketov - from "beket" (as the tutor of the Khan's son was called), Tukhachevsky - from "tukhachi" (standard bearer).

The surname Suvorov, which we used to consider Russian, became known in the 15th century. It comes from the profession of a rider (in Tatar - "suvor"). The first to bear this surname was the serviceman Goryain Suvorov, who is mentioned in the annals for 1482. Subsequently, a legend was invented that the ancestor of the Suvorov family was a Swede named Suvore, who settled in Russia in 1622.

But the surname Tatishchev was assigned by the Grand Duke Ivan III to the nephew of Ivan Shah - Prince Solomersky, who was something like an investigator and was distinguished by his ability to quickly identify thieves, who were called "tats" in Tatar.

But much more often, Tatar surnames were based on the distinctive qualities of their carriers. So, the ancestors of the Bazarovs received this nickname, as they were born on market days. The brother-in-law (the wife's sister's husband) was called "bazha" in Tatar, hence the surname Bazhanov. The respected people of the Tatars were called "veliamin", so the Russian surname Veliaminov was born, later remade into Velyaminov.

Proud people were called "Bulgak", hence the surname Bulgakov. Those who loved and loved were called "Dauds" or "Davuds", later this was transformed into the Davydovs.

The surname Zhdanov became widespread in Rus' in the 15th-17th centuries. Presumably, it comes from the word "vijdan", which in Tatar meant both passionate lovers and religious fanatics.

The surname Akchurin stands apart. In the Russian version, Tatar surnames usually have the ending -ov (-ev) or -in (-yn). But some generic names derived from the names of the Tatar murzas were left unchanged even in the documents: Enikei, Akchurin, Divey. In the surname Akchurin, "-in" is not a Russian ending, it is part of an ancient family name. One of the variants of his pronunciation "ak-chura" is "white hero". Among the representatives of the Akchurin family, whose ancestor is considered to be the Mishar-Mordovian prince Adash, who lived in the 15th century, there were well-known officials, diplomats, military men.

Of course, it is simply impossible to list all Russian surnames with Tatar roots. To do this, you need to know the etymology of each particular surname.

ABASHEV. In the nobility since 1615 (OGDR, VIII, p. 42). From Abash Ulan - governor of the Kazan Khan, who in 1499 transferred to the Russian service. In 1540 Abashev Alyosha, Chulok, Bashmak were mentioned as residents of Tver, in 1608 Abashev Avtal Cheremisin was noted in the Cheboksary district (Veselovsky 1974, p. 9). According to N.A. Vaskakov (1979, p. 216), the surname comes from the Tatar aba "uncle from the paternal line", abas "uncle". Subsequently, well-known scientists, military men, doctors.

ABDULOV. A common surname from the Muslim name Abdulla (Gabdulla) "Servant of God; Slave of Allah" Widely used by Kazan; for example, the Kazan tsar Abdul-Letif was captured in 1502 and Kashira was allocated to him as an inheritance. Subsequently, the Abdulovs are a well-known surname of nobles, scientists, artists, etc.
ABDULOV. Landlords from the 18th century On behalf of Abdullah (see ABDULOVs); maybe from the Turkic-Mongolian avdyl "changeable person". See in this connection the name of the Golden Horde king Avdul, known in the 1360s

AGDAVLETOV. Nobles since the 17th century. From the Golden Horde (BK, II, p. 280, No. 105; Zagoskin 1875, No. 1), cf.: Turko-Arabic. akdavlet "white wealth" (allegorically - "white bone").

AGISHEV. Nobles since the 17th century. From Agish Aleksey Kaliteevsky from Kazan (first half of the 16th century), mentioned in Pskov in 1550 (Veselovsky 1974, p. 9); in the first half of the 16th century, Agish Gryaznoy was an ambassador to Turkey and the Crimea, in 1667 Agish Fedor was a messenger to England and Holland.
AKISHEV. Servants from the middle of the 17th century: Dirty Akishev - clerk in Moscow in 1637, clerk in 1648 No. 5) (Veselovsky 1974, p. II). See also the Agishevs. The surname is transparently Turkic-Tatar - from 1974, Akish, Agish.

AYTEMIROV. Employees since the middle of the 17th century: Ivan Aitemirov - clerk in Moscow in 1660, in Verkhoturye in 1661-1662; Vasily Aitemirov - in 1696 the ambassador to Poland, in 1696 - "ddd 1700" - the clerk of the Siberian Order

AKCHURINS. Mishar-Mordovian prince Adash in the 15th century, the ancestor of the murzas and noblemen Akchurins (RBS, 1, p. 62). In the XVII - XVIII centuries - well-known officials, diplomats, military (RBS, 1, pp. 108 - 109). Surname from the Turkic-Bulgarian akchur - "white hero".

ALABERDIEVS. From Alaberdiev, baptized in 1600 under the name of Yakov, and placed in Novgorod (Veselovsky 1974, p. II). From the Volga-Tatar alla barde "God gave".

ALTYSHEV. Nobles from the beginning. XVIII century. From Abdrein Useinov Altyshev, a Kazan native who participated in 1722 in the Persian campaign of Peter I, and then often visited embassies to Persia and the Crimea.

ALIEV. ALEEV. ALYAEV
The surname comes from Ali - a Muslim - Turkic name.
ALEEV. Mentioned as nobles at the end of the 16th century as immigrants from the Meshcheryak, i.e. Tatar-Mishars: Vladimir Nagaev son of Aleev in 1580 was recorded in a dozen Meshcherians, children of boyars (OGDR, IV, p. 58), as well as Koverya Nikitich Aleev in Meshchera and Kasimov under 1590 (Veselovsky 1974, p. 12) . N.A. Baskakov (1979, p. 158) considers them to be from the Turkic (Tatar-Mishar) environment.

ADASHEV. Nobles since the 16th century. From Prince Adash, who was placed from Kazan in Poshekhonye in the middle of the 15th century. In 1510, Grigory Ivanovich Adash-Olgov was mentioned in Kostroma, from whom, according to S.B. Veselovsky (1974, p. 9), the Adashevs came. In the first half and the middle of the 16th century, the Adashevs (Alexander Fedorovich and Daniil Fedorovich) - active military men and diplomats of Ivan IV, were executed by him in 1561 and 1563, respectively. They had estates in the vicinity of Kolomna and Pereyaslavl (RBS, 1, p. 62-71; Zimin, 1988, p. 9). The Turko-Tatar adash means "companion", "comrade". Known under 1382 Adash - the ambassador of Tokhtamysh in Rus'. ADAEV has the same origin.

AZANCHEEVS. Nobles since the 18th century (OGDR, III, p. 93). Judging by the surname, of Volga-Tatar origin, cf. Tatar-Muslim. azanchi, that is, "muezzin"
AZANCHEEVSKIE. Nobles from the 18th century, through the Polish-gentry, from Azanchi. Famous composers, revolutionary.

AIPOVA. From Ismail Aipov from Kazan, granted by the nobility in 1557 (OGDR, X, p. 19; Veselovsky 1974, p. 10).

AIDAROV. Employees: Aidarov Uraz, a nobleman since 1578, an estate in Kolomna; Aidarov Mina Saltanovich - since 1579, an estate in Ryazhsk. Possibly, from Aydar, the Bulgar-Horde prince, who transferred to the Russian service in 1430 (Veselovsky 1974, p. 10). Aidar is a typically Bulgaro-Muslim name meaning "happily in power" (Gafurov 1987, p. 122). From the Russified environment of the Aidarovs, engineers, scientists, military men are known.

AKSAKOV. In the middle of the 15th century, Aksakov was given the village of Aksakov on the river. Klyazma, at the end of the 15th century "placed in Novgorod". These Aksakovs are from Ivan Aksak (his grandchildren are Ivan Shadra and Ivan Oblyaz), the great-great-grandson of Yuri Grunk, Ivan Kalita of the thousand (Zimin 1980, pp. 159-161). According to the Velvet Book (BK, II, p. 296, No. 169), Ivan Fedorov, nicknamed "Oksak", was the son of Velyamin, who left the Horde (Veselovsky 1974, p. II). The Aksakovs were in Lithuania, where they appeared at the end of the 14th century (UU.O, 1986, 51.22). Aksakovs - writers, publicists, scientists. Related to the Vorontsovs and Velyaminovs (RBS, 1, pp. 96-107). From the Turko-Tatar aksak, oksak "lame

ALABINS. Nobles since 1636 (OGDR, V, p. 97). In the ХУ1-ХУ11 centuries they had estates near Ryazan (for example, the village of Alabino in Kamensky Stan - Veselovsky 1974, p. II). According to N.A. Baskakov (1979, p. 182), from the Tatar-Bashkir. ala-ba "awarded", "granted". Subsequently, scientists, the military, the famous Samara governor.

ALABYSHEV. A very old surname. Prince Fedor Fedorovich Alabysh of Yaroslavl was mentioned under 1428 (BK, II, p. 281; Veselovsky 1974, p. II). According to N.A. Baskakov (1979, p. 257-259), the surname comes from the Tatar ala bash "variegated (bad) head".

ALAEV. In the 16th-early 17th centuries, several service people with this surname are mentioned. According to N.A. Baskakov (1979, p. 8), of Turkic-Tatar origin: Alai-Chelyshev, Alai-Lvov (died in 1505), Alai-Mikhalkov, received in 1574 an estate near Peryaslavl (Veselovsky 1974, pp. II).

ALALYKINS. Ivan Anbaev, the son of Alalykin, in 1528 "according to the letters of the sovereigns" had estates (OGDR, IX, p. 67). Alalykin Temir in 1572, already in the Russian service, captured Murza Divey, a relative of the Crimean king Devlet Giray, for which he received estates in the district of Suzdal and Kostroma (Veselovsky 1974, p. 12). The mentioned names and surnames Alalykin (alalyka), Anbay (Amanbey), Temir - are clearly of Turkic-Tatar origin.

ALACHEV. Mentioned in Moscow as nobles since 1640. Natives of the Kazan Tatars around the middle of the 16th century. Surname from the Bulgaro-Tatar word "alacha" - motley. 21. Alasheevs. Nobles since the middle of the 16th century: Alasheev Yakov Timofeevich, newly baptized (since 1585); Alasheev Semyon Ivanovich (since 1523). Estates in the vicinity of Kashira, where natives of Kazan were usually placed (Veselovsky 1974, p. 18). Surname from the Turko-Tatar alash "horse".

DIAMONDS. As the OGDR testifies (V, p. 98), the surname comes from the Duma clerk Almaz Ivanov's son, a Kazan native, named Erofei by baptism, who in 1638 was allocated a local salary. In 1653 he was a duma clerk and printer for Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (Veselovsky 1974, p. 12). Among the Volga Tatars, the name Almaz - Almas roughly corresponds to the concept of "will not touch", "will not take" (Baskakov 1979, p. 182). In this sense, it is close to the word alemas, which could form a similar surname Alemasova.

ALPAROVS. From the Bulgaro-Tatar alyp arar (. (male hero), which, along with the spread of a similar surname among the Kazan Tatars, may indicate the Turkic-Bulgarian origin of its Russian version.

ALTYKULACHEVICHI. By 1371, the boyar Sofony Altykulachevich is known, who entered the Russian (Ryazan) service from the Volga Tatars and was baptized (Zimin 10 1980, p. 19). The Turko-Tatar basis of the surname is also clear: "alty kul" - six slaves or six hands.

ALYMOV. Nobles since 1623 (OGDR, III, p. 54). From Ivan Oblyaz Alymov, who owned land near Ryazan in the first half of the 16th century. (Veselovsky, 1974, given p. 13). Alim - Alym and Oblyaz Aly - names of Turkic origin (Baskakov 1979, p. 127). 197< Алымовы в XIX - XX вв.- учёные, военные, государственные деятели.

ALYABEV. From Alexander Alyabyev, who entered the Russian service in the 16th century (RBS, 2, p. 80); from Mikhail Olebey, who entered the Russian service in 1500 (Veselovsky 1974, p. 231). Ali Bey is the senior bey (Baskakov 1979, p. 182). The descendants of the military, officials, including the famous composer and contemporary of A.S. Pushkin - A.A. Alyabyev.

AMINEVS. Nobles in the 15th-11th centuries: Amineva Barsuk, Ruslan, Arslan, estates near Kostroma and Moscow (village Aminevo). These Aminevs are from the messenger - kiliche Amin, who served in 1349 (sent to the Horde) with the Grand Duke Semyon the Proud (Veselovsky 1974, p. 13, 273). The second version is the tenth generation from the legendary Radsha - Ivan Yurievich, nicknamed "Amen". The Turkic (Bulgarian?) origin is confirmed by the names: Amen, Ruslan, Arslan. The well-known Turkic-Swedish surname "Aminof" is associated with them.

ARSENIEV. Nobles since the 16th century. From Arseny, the son of Oslan (Arslan) Murza, who went out to Dmitry Donskoy (see Zhdanovs, Somovs, Rtishchevs, Pavlovs). Upon baptism Arseniy Leo Procopius (OGDR, V, p. 28-29; BK, II, p. 282). Estates in the district of Kostroma. In descendants, friends of A.S. Pushkin (K.I. Arseniev), military (RBS, II,)

AMIROV (AMIREV). Nobles since the 16th century. In the OGDR (XVIII, p. 126) the Amirovs are noted in 1847 as a Russified surname; first mentioned from 1529-30: Vasil Amirov - clerk of the Local Order; Grigory Amirov - in 1620-21 - a watchman of the palace villages of the Kazan district, like Yuri Amirov in 1617-19; Markel Amirov - clerk in 1622-1627 in Arzamas; Ivan Amirov - in 1638-1676 - a messenger to Denmark, Holland and Livonia (Veselovsky 1974, p. 13). The origin of the surname is assumed to be from the Turko-Arab. amir - emir "prince, general" (Baskakov 1979, p. 257). The prevalence of the surname among the Kazan Tatars also indicates the Kazan origin of the Russian surname.

ANICHKOVA. Origin from the Horde in the XIV century is assumed (BK, 2, p. 282, No. 100; Zagoskin, 1875, No. 2). The Anichkovs Bloch and Gleb are mentioned under 1495 in Novgorod (Veselovsky 1974, "p. 14). Arab-Turkic anis - anich "friend" (Gafurov 1987, p. 125). Subsequently, scientists, publicists, doctors, military (RBS , 2, pp. 148-150).

Apraksins. From Andrei Ivanovich Apraks, great-grandson of Solokhmir (Solykh-Emir), who passed in 1371 from the Golden Horde to Olga Ryazansky (OGDR, II, p. 45; III, p. 3). In the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. Apraksin allocated estates near Ryazan. In 1610-1637. Fedor Apraksin served as a deacon of the Order of the Kazan Palace (Veselovsky 1974, p. 14). In relationship with the boyars Khitrovs, Khanykovs, Kryukovs, Verdernikovs (see). N.A.Baskakov (1979, p. 95) gives three versions of the Turkic origin of the nickname Apraksa: 1. "quiet", "calm"; 2. "shaggy", "toothless"; 3 "bash". In the history of Russia, they are known as associates of Peter 1, generals, governors (RBS, 2, pp. 239-256).

APPAKOV. The Crimean-Kazan Murza Appak entered the Russian service in 1519 (Zimin 198Yu, pp. 80, 168, 222,265). Perhaps the origin of the surname from Kazan. Tatar, ap-ak "completely white".

APSEITOV. Most likely, people from Kazan in the middle of the 16th century. Granted by estates in 1667. Surname from the Arab-Turkic Abu Seit "leader's father" (Baskakov 1979, p. 165; Gafurov 1987, p. 116, 186

ARAKCHEEVS. From Arakchey Evstafiev, a baptized Tatar who entered the Russian service in the middle of the 15th century and became a deacon of Vasily II (Veselovsky 1974, p. 14). Formed from Kazan-Tatars. Arakychy's nicknames are "moonshiner, drunkard" (Baskakov 1979, p. 115). In the ХV111-Х1Х centuries. Alexander's temporary worker1, count, estates near Tver (RBS, 2, pp. 261-270).

ARAPOV. Complained to the nobility in 1628 (OGDR, IV, p. 98). From Arap Begichev, placed in 1569 in Ryazan. Later, in the 17th century, Khabar Arapov was known with an estate in Murom. Judging by the names and surnames, as well as by location, most likely people from Kazan (Veselovsky 1974, p. 14). In the descendants of the military, Penzyak writers

ARTAKOV (ARTYKOV). Nobles since the 17th century. Artykov Sulesh Semenovich was noted as a streltsy head in 1573 in Novgorod (Veselovsky 1974, p. 16). From Turkic, artuk - artyk "superfluous".

ARDASHEVS. Nobles since the 17th century. From Ardash - a native of Kazan, estates in the Nizhny Novgorod province (Veselovsky 1974, p. 15). In the offspring, relatives of the Ulyanovs, scientists (IE, 1, p. 715 Text

ARTYUKHOV. Nobles since 1687 (OGDR, IV, p. 131). From artyk - artuk - artyuk (Baskakov 1979)

ARHAROVS. Nobles since 1617 (OGDR, III, p. 60). From Arkharov Karaul Rudin and his son Saltan, who left Kazan, were baptized in 1556 and received an estate near Kashira (Veselovsky 1974, p. 15; Baskakov, 1979, p. 128). In the descendants - the military, scientists.

ASLANOVICHEV. In the Polish gentry and nobility in 1763, one of them was then granted the rank of Royal Secretary (OGDR, IX, p. 135). From the Turkic-Tatar aslan - arslan (Baskakov 1979,)

ASMANOVS. Vasily Asmanov (Usmanov, Osmanov) - son of a boyar. Mentioned in Novgorod in the 15th century (Veselovsky, 1974, p. 16). Judging by the surname (base - Turkic-Muslim Usman, Gosman "chiropractor" - see: Gafurov, 1987, p. 197), Turkic - Bulgar, located in Novgorod, exit.

ATLAS. Nobles from the end of the 17th century, estates in the Ustyug region. Natives of Kazan to Ustyug. Atlasi is a typical Kazan Tatar surname (see: Hadi Atlasi). Atlasov Vladimir Vasilievich in the 17th-early 18th centuries - the conqueror of Kamchatka (RBS, II, pp. 353-356).

AKHMATOV. Nobles since 1582 (OGDR, V, p. 52). Most likely, people from Kazan, because. under 1554, Fedor Nikulich Akhmatov was noted near Kashira (Veselovsky 1974, p. 17). Akhmat is a typical Turko-Tatar name (Baskakov 1979, p. 176). As early as 1283, a Beserman (obviously a Muslim-Manin-Bulgarin) Akhmat is mentioned, who bought off the Basques in the Kursk land (PSRL, 25, p. 154). Akhmatovs in the 1111-11X centuries - military men, sailors, prosecutor of the Synod (RBS, II, p. 362).

Akhmetovs. Nobles since 1582, clerks in the 16th-17th centuries, merchants and industrialists in the 1111-20th centuries. (OGDR, V, p. 55; Veselovsky 1974, p. 17; RBS, II, p. 363). At the heart of the word Arab-Muslim Ahmet - Ahmad - Akhmat "praised" (Gafurov)

AKHMYLOV. Nobles since the 16th century. Fyodor Akhmyl - in 1332 a mayor in Novgorod, Andrei Semenovich Akhmylov in 1553 - in Ryazan (Veselovsky 1974, p. 17). Judging by the placement in Novgorod and Ryazan, the Akhmylrs are Bulgarian-Kazan immigrants. Under 1318 and 1322 the Golden Horde ambassador Akhmyl to Rus' is known (PSRL, 25, pp. 162, 167); perhaps a Bulgarin who knew Russian well. language.

ALTUNIN
ALTYNOV
The surname comes from altyn - gold. Altyn is a fairly common name in the Turkic peoples.

AGEEVS
AGAYEVS
From the Turkic "Aga", "Agay" - uncle. Usually a child could get such a name if the eldest son or daughter in the family has already started a family and can have or already have their own children. Therefore, there is a need to emphasize, as it were, the seniority of the child - uncle.

ASADOV
It comes from the Tatar-Muslim name Assad, modified "as-Somad" - eternal. The famous poet Eduard Assadov emphasizes his origin from the Tatars.

AKULOV
It comes from a fairly common name, especially among the Turkmens, Okul, Akul, which means "smart", "reasonable".

AKSANOV. The origin of the surname is from "Ak" - white, and "San", "Sin" - you, you. Literally - light (skin, hair)

AKHUNOV The origin of the surname is possible in two ways:
from the Turkish-Muslim name "Akhun".
from "akhun" - a religious title.

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