The ancient Greek thinker Aristotle believed that the ability of art to influence the spiritual world of man is based on the imitation of reality. Highly appreciating literary creativity, Aristotle assigned a special role to tragedy. He considered the purpose of the tragedy catharsis(from the Greek katharsis - purification), purification of the soul through empathy with the heroes. Passing through catharsis, a person spiritually rises.
The history of artistic culture has captured many cases when the perception of a work of art served as an impetus for doing certain actions, sometimes for changing the way of life. Art does not affect any one human ability or side of spiritual life, but the spiritual world of a person as a whole. It affects the entire system of human attitudes. Thus, the exciting sounds of the song "Holy War" raised peaceful Soviet people to a mortal battle with the fascist brown plague.
The famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: “The reason why art can enrich us is its ability to remind us of harmonies that are beyond the reach of systematic analysis.” In art, universal, eternal problems are covered in a special artistic form: what is good and evil, love, freedom, dignity of the individual, what is the vocation and duty of a person.
Introduction to art encourages a person to comprehend his life attitudes and values, to better understand his problems. Often, artistic characters are perceived as real people from whom you can learn a lot, with whom you can even consult. Thanks to art, a person gets the opportunity, as it were, to live many different lives and learn from them lessons for himself. Reading a book or perceiving a movie, we are transported into the world of images they create, which induce reflection, give rise to experiences,
memories and premonitions. In this way, each of us joins the values of culture, absorbs the experience accumulated by mankind.
aesthetic attitude to the world.aesthetics(from Greek aisthetikos - pertaining to sensory perception) is one of the philosophical disciplines that studies a person's attitude to the world based on ideas about the beautiful and the ugly, the sublime and the base, etc. Aesthetics also studies the sphere of artistic activity of people.
In our life, the beautiful and the ugly, the heroic, the sublime and the base, the tragic and the comic really coexist. We express our aesthetic appreciation when we say, “What a beautiful day!” At the same time, the heart is filled with a feeling of joy from the warm sun, the first pale green leaves on the trees, the singing of birds. Or we say: “What beautiful words!”. And this means that the words we heard not only warmed our soul, but also filled us with a sense of beauty with their sound. At the same time, we also notice the ugly, base, which causes us a feeling of grief and rejection. It is unpleasant for us when we see dirt on the street, when the harmony of human relations is violated. Buying clothes, making repairs in the house, even preparing food, we are guided not only by considerations of practicality and usefulness. We also want it to be beautiful.
Beautiful is a central concept in aesthetics. All its other concepts somehow correlate with the beautiful, expressing different facets of the sensory perception of the world and the aesthetic evaluation of its phenomena. Beautiful we call phenomena that have the highest perfection, indisputable aesthetic value.
Aesthetic attitude to the world- this is his sensory perception associated with the need for people to build life in accordance with the laws of beauty, the desire to make life beautiful. The scope of the aesthetic includes seoya aesthetic consciousness And aesthetic activity. 200
Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa (c. 1503)
Aesthetic consciousness has three levels:
Aesthetic perception;
Aesthetic taste (a system of aesthetic attitudes and ideals of the individual);
Aesthetic theories (philosophically meaningful aesthetic experience of humanity).
Everyone knows the saying "There are no comrades for the taste and color." It means that our aesthetic perception of the world is subjective, individually unique. What seems beautiful to one person may be completely ugly to another.
| in the perception of his behavior and appearance. We appreciate that |
Sometimes we say about a person: "He has a taste." At the same time, we single out a person with a sense of taste, rather, not by reasoning, but on the basis of a direct perception of his behavior and appearance. We appreciate that
how he dresses, in what interior he lives, how he behaves, how he speaks, etc.
aesthetic taste- this is the ability of a person, on the basis of the arising feeling of pleasure or displeasure, to distinguish the beautiful from the ugly in art and reality, to give an aesthetic assessment of various phenomena, objects, events.
Aesthetic taste develops through the experience of communicating with the beautiful in nature and in people, as well as through acquaintance with works of art. If from childhood a person does not hear anything but musical vulgarity, he is unlikely to be able to perceive and appreciate classical music, develop his musical taste. Aesthetic taste is easily instilled in a child in a family where politeness and respect for each other, love for cleanliness and tidiness are established, where swear words are not used in communication. And vice versa, in an atmosphere of foul language, rudeness, cruelty, it is very difficult to form an aesthetic taste.
Bad taste manifests itself in different ways. A person with bad taste takes external beauty, loudness and clumsiness for true beauty. People with an undeveloped taste are characterized by an attraction to what is catchy, easy to understand and does not require thought, effort. Such people are more satisfied with purely entertaining works of art, the art of primitive forms. Often one also comes across a claim to the only true aesthetic assessment, with a disdainful attitude towards the artistic preferences of other people. Really good taste presupposes modesty.
Spheres of aesthetic activity.Aesthetic activity- this is the spiritual activity of a person, which involves, first of all, the creation of works of art, their perception and judgment about them. The spheres of aesthetic activity also include the aesthetics of nature, the aesthetics of work, life, and human relations.
Aesthetic activity is carried out according to the laws of beauty. Thanks to it, a person enters into an aesthetic relationship with the surrounding reality. He cheats 202
improves and develops his abilities and his inner, spiritual world as a whole.
Aesthetics of nature. The beauty of the world around us has always excited the imagination of man, awakened his feelings. Admiration for the beauty of nature inspires people to create works of art. Let us recall, for example, "The Seasons" by the Italian composer A. Vivaldi or the wonderful landscapes of I. Levitan, I. Shishkin, our countryman V. Byalynitsky-Biruli. People have an inherent desire to transform nature. An example of this is gardening art. We also belong to nature. Decorating it, we must take care of our own beauty, the development of flexibility, plasticity of our body, the harmony of voice and gesture.
V. K. Byalynitsky-Birulya. Spring Waters (1930)
Aesthetics of work. From time immemorial, people have sought to make tools and household utensils not only comfortable and practical, but also beautiful (ornaments on ceramic pots, vase painting, carved architraves, etc.). Design occupies a special place in the modern aesthetics of labor - Artistic design of aesthetic appearance
industrial products. Much attention is paid to the aesthetic design of workplaces.
Aesthetics of life. Life is an important part of human life, covering the world of everyday activities not related to production. Organizing meals, recreation, entertainment, communicating with each other, decorating their homes or clothes, people on deed realize the aesthetic ideals and values that have been developed by society and are fully accepted by them.
Aesthetics of human relations. The sphere of communication and human relations is the area where the aesthetic perception of the world merges with the moral. Beauty here is usually associated with good, and ugliness with evil. The beauty of behavior involves the manifestation of a benevolent, respectful attitude towards a person. It is closely connected with the culture of speech, general upbringing. Politeness and compliance with the rules of etiquette help build truly human relationships, make our communication attractive and worthy. Business communication usually involves adherence to strict rules. In informal communication (in the family, among friends), people express their emotions more freely, using expressive facial expressions, various gestures, intonations, etc. If a person is used to swear words, if he cannot express himself otherwise than by shouting or insulting, then this indicates a lack of aesthetic culture and simply bad manners. In communication, it is important to find aesthetically and morally acceptable forms of expression of one's thoughts and feelings.
Questions and tasks
1 . What is the specificity of art? 2. What kinds of art do you know? How do they differ? 3. What does aesthetics study? What terms does she use? 4. How does aesthetic taste develop? 5. Name the main areas of aesthetic activity. What are the features of the manifestation of aesthetic taste in them? 6. What art do you consider modern? 7. What do you understand by classical art and how do you feel about it?
Morality
Public functions of morality. All people in everyday behavior must obey certain rules, norms. Some of these rules and regulations are of a specialized nature (building codes and regulations, traffic rules, etc.). Morality regulates the behavior of people in all spheres of life.
An important role in people's lives is played by legal norms, laws, job descriptions, charters of organizations, customs, traditions, and public opinion. All these forms of society's influence on the behavior of an individual are related to morality, but do not fully coincide with it. The nature of morality is that it is internal regulator of behavior.
So, the first and fundamental social function of morality is regulatory. The universality of morality as a regulator of people's behavior does not lie in the fact that it contains clear instructions for all occasions. Morality gives, rather, the most general instructions, for example, prescribes to be friendly to people. This is not a recipe, following which can bring some benefit, but a call to be human not only in appearance, but also in essence.
A moral act is performed not under compulsion, but by virtue of a person's own conviction. Therefore, the second function of morality is to cultivate in each person a sense of dignity that does not allow one to commit base, unworthy deeds. This function can be called educational.
The moral image of a person is its integral characteristic, covering or affecting everything that a person does, what he thinks about, what he lives with. Human morality is, in fact, a synonym for humanity. Morality indicates to each of us in which direction our spiritual development should take place in order for humanity to grow in us, strengthen, and not degrade.
The moral regulation of people's behavior also performs another very important function - unity, consolidation society. The processes of globalization lead to the fact that the world social system becomes unstable,
conflicts and upheavals constantly occur in it, the consequences of which can be large-scale. Under these conditions, it is easy to lose your head, get confused and begin to perform inappropriate actions.
We are witnessing with our own eyes the weakening of social ties between people, the loss of a sense of human solidarity. Only reliance on morality can save us from trouble, warn against a repetition in the 21st century. social catastrophes that marked the last century. In conditions of a social crisis, cold calculation does not always suggest the best way to solve complex social problems. Morality, on the other hand, contains an unconditional ban on inhumane actions that degrade human dignity and threaten human life and health. This can be seen as a manifestation humanizing social function of morality.
The moral function of art. Art is rightly called human science. In literary works, music, painting, the human essence is revealed in an artistic and figurative form, moral and other problems of people's life are discussed. Art helps a person to realize and understand himself. myself and other people, comprehend their moral duty.
In the images of art, the plots of works of art, perhaps the most important thing is a person's search for the meaning of life, true values, the struggle between good and evil, the clash of attraction and duty. All artistic creativity is permeated with moral quests. Art influences human morality not by preaching, but by depicting situations in which the heroes of works must make a moral choice. So, many literary heroes, movie heroes come across the selfish selfishness of some people, the indifference or moral blindness of others, and in a hard struggle pave the way to a new moral position, to their own interpretation of good and evil, duty, responsibility. The hero, as it were, experiments with respect to the moral foundations of life and forces viewers, readers, listeners to think over the content of these experiments and draw their own conclusions. 206
K. P. Bryullov. The Last Day of Pompeii (1833)
By means of art, even evil can be given an outwardly attractive form, error can be given outward signs of truth. However, this does not release any of us from the responsibility for the correct interpretation of these plots, since we are free in our assessment and moral choice.
Relationship between religion and morality. Each religion is based on certain moral ideals, which can be expressed by God himself, his messengers, holy ascetics, etc. Let us consider the relationship between moral and religious norms using Christianity as an example. The main way to establish Christian moral standards was to include them in the text of the Bible. These norms are of the highest significance for Christians, for their source is considered to be the will of God.
The main positive moral norm here is the requirement of a humane attitude towards people. The gospels contain two different formulations of it. The first - "As you want people to do to you, do so to you
with them” can be called the golden rule of morality. It is both a requirement to do good and a criterion of morality, a way to find out which deed is good and which is bad. The second formulation containing the requirement of humanism is: "Love your neighbor as yourself."
The Bible establishes many other moral norms: do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not lie (more precisely, do not bear false witness), honor your father and mother, feed the hungry, do not insult people, do not be angry with people in vain, put up with those with whom quarreled, etc.
Religion does not recreate the moral norms of people's lives, but it can contribute to their strengthening, reinforcing them with its authority. However, religious faith does not relieve a person of responsibility for the moral choice, for the morality of the actions performed.
- Katkova Daria Sergeevna, student
- Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Belinsky, Penza State University
- ART
- SPIRITUAL CULTURE
- MORAL
- HIGH FEELINGS
This article will help to understand how art affects human psychology. I will try to talk about the positive impact of art on the spiritual culture of a person, and my own research will help me with this. The survey will show how modern youth looks at art and what answers they give to the main questions of my article.
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Probably, every person had to notice the transience of life: days turn into weeks, weeks into months, months into years. Due to the difficult work schedule, difficult studies, we are constantly in a state of fatigue, drowsiness, apathy. After a hard work rhythm, we strive to return home as soon as possible, cover ourselves with a blanket, and spend the rest of the day in quiet tranquility. It would seem that there is nothing wrong with these actions, because most people do this, which means that this is a familiar way of life that no one is surprised at now.
It's like that. But there is a big feature of this way of life: we stop noticing important moments for us, moments that awaken in us spiritual purity, sublimity of feelings, indifference to the beautiful world. This is the very thing without which a person cannot exist - this is his root, the beginning, which gives development to other aspects of his personality. That is why the famous French writer Claude Adrian Helvetius said: "The task of art is to excite the heart."
In my article, I want to convey to readers how great is the role of art in our life, what is its impact on the spiritual and psychological development of a person; what is our inner state after going to the theater, museum, art gallery, after listening to classical music. To do this, I will conduct a short survey, from which we will find out the role of art for each of us, what is its influence on the inner world of a person. But first, we will get acquainted with different interpretations of the concept of art and single out something significant for ourselves.
So, at the moment there are many definitions of art:
- Art is a specific kind of spiritual reflection and exploration of reality. For many years, art researchers have added further: "aiming at the formation and development of a person's ability to creatively transform the world around him and himself according to the laws of beauty." The very fact that art has a purpose is debatable. The concept of beauty is relative. In this regard, the standard of beauty can vary greatly in different cultural traditions.
- Art is one of the elements of culture in which artistic and aesthetic values are accumulated.
- Art is a form of sensory knowledge of the world. There are three methods of human cognition: rational (based on thinking); sensual (based on emotions), irrational (based on intuition). In the main manifestations of the spiritual cultural activity of a person, denoting the symbolic image of culture (science, art, religion), all three are present. Each of these spheres has its predominant areas: science - rational, art - sensual, religion - intuitive.
- Art is an area of manifestation of human creative abilities.
- Art is the process of mastering artistic values by a person, giving him a certain pleasure, enjoyment.
Art is very multifaceted, as well as the human soul. Art is the richest world of beautiful images, the desire to understand the meaning of life and human existence, the concentration of human creative powers.
Art is the perfection of ancient statues, the grandeur of medieval Gothic, the beautiful images of Renaissance Madonnas, these are the mysteries that surrealism asks us. Art is the greatest creations of Dante and Michelangelo, Shakespeare and Pushkin, the paintings of Leonardo and Rubens, Picasso and Matisse, the brilliant music of Bach and Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin, Tchaikovsky and Shostakovich, the sculptures of Phidias and Poliklet, Rodin and Mayol, the performances of Stanislavsky and Meyerhold, Brecht and Brook, films by Fellini, Bergman, Tarkovsky.
Art is everything that surrounds us in everyday life, everything that comes to our home from TV screens and video, what sounds on the stage, in audio recordings.
So, we have considered different interpretations of the concept of art. Obviously, this is a very multifaceted concept that includes different aspects, but in all these concepts there is a unifying principle that in one way or another underlies every art - this is the sublimity of feelings, detachment from the earthly, the perception of the world in its deepest sense. I believe that every connoisseur of art experiences these wonderful sensations, and therefore he can no longer live without them - this is like air for him. He longs to come into contact with the high again and again, to feel happy next to the great work of art.
As the author of this article, I consider it my duty to tell readers what the concept of art means to me. By nature, I am a modest, dreamy and receptive person. I am always very sensitive to any events, and therefore I am too vulnerable. But, in my opinion, thanks to my emotionality, I am getting closer to spiritual culture, to all its manifestations. My heart is able to excite the work of any talented person who devotes himself entirely to his work, leaves a piece of himself, thereby finding a deep return on the part of the viewer. Thus, the famous French writer Andre Gide, in his book Isabelle, says about art: “Art is the cooperation of God with the artist, and the less the artist, the better.” These words are admired for their veracity, because in fact, a huge role lies on the master, on the one who creates the creation, being in direct communion with God. This is truly a gift that is given to a person from above.
So, now I would like to present the results of my survey, but before doing this, I want to clarify: for the most part, I interviewed, there was a female audience, which, in my opinion, is closer to art, due to its sensitive perception, emotionality and tenderness. A woman is like that flower that blooms and illuminates everyone with its beauty at the sight of beauty, and this beauty is art.
Men also took part in the survey, but there were much fewer of them. In total, I interviewed 40 people, of which 30 were girls and 10 were boys aged 18 to 25. Let's take a closer look at each question. The first was: “Do you think that art has a beneficial effect on a person?” Absolutely every person answered positively, which, I confess, made me very happy. Asking the second question, I wanted to know what kind of art my acquaintances prefer the most. The answers were different: many answered that they loved music, theater, museums, painting; someone offered their own options, for example, cinema, photography, literature and even ballet. From this question, I concluded for myself that modern youth is fond of all kinds of art, from music to ballet. It's actually great. The third question was: “How often do you experience the influence of “catharsis”? Most of the respondents settled on the answer: 2 times a month, someone answered that more, the male half was less active in this regard. But do not rush to conclusions, because it was the young men who turned out to be more active in their statements: they offered their answers if they did not find something close to them in the presented options. So, a young man of 21 answered the third question as follows: “I believe that great creations are everywhere you look, art and beauty are everywhere. And at the sight of all this, you involuntarily feel catharsis. I confess that this answer surprised me so much that I realized how much I still do not know about this person.
The fourth question was: “What, in your opinion, contributes to the strong influence of the phenomena of art on a person?” Most answered that this is facilitated by the presence of such character traits as melancholy, sentimentality. Others felt that acting skills contributed to this. Someone explained this by the mood of a person in a certain period of time. Many offered their options, namely: the desire to improve, to be an enlightened and spiritually rich person. Very interesting and vivid answers were brought to my attention.
In the fifth question, I wanted to know what feelings art awakens in my acquaintances. So, the majority answered that after going to the theater or museum, they become calm and happy, which saves them from everyday problems. A considerable number answered that art contributes to the development of moral qualities, such as love for others, the desire to do good, in which I fully agree with them.
And the last question was related to the desire to find out whether only in the life of my acquaintances there is a place for art, or whether their inner circle is also not indifferent to the high. The answers were positive: almost everyone answered that they visit cultural institutions with their parents, grandmothers, friends. Creativity accompanies some from childhood, since mom and dad are artists or musicians, which, in my opinion, is very cool. If a person from the cradle is in interaction with creativity, most likely, he will carry it through his whole life.
What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the survey? In my opinion, the conclusion is unambiguous: despite the age of mass media, in which all desires can be fulfilled without leaving the door of your apartment, the younger generation still strives to get in touch with real, genuine art, to feel the spiritual and moral beginning in themselves.
I want to end my article with the words of the famous French philosopher Jean Marie Guyot: “The most sublime goal of art is to make the human heart beat, and since the heart is the center of life, art must constantly be in the closest connection with the entire moral and material life of mankind.”
Bibliography
- URL: http://studbooks.net/575213/kulturologiya/ponyatie_iskusstve
- URL: http://modernlib.ru/books/zhid_andre/izabel/read/
We take care of our health by eating right or going to the gym. We take care of our appearance by grooming ourselves and buying nice clothes. But how often do we care about our psychological comfort and spiritual harmony? Of course, we read books about methods of achieving peace of mind, but we rarely use them. We know about the dangers of stress, but we consider it a natural part of our lives. So how can we reduce the pressure of circumstances and provide comfort not only to our body, but also to our soul?
Such practices have existed for more than one thousand years, and they are all associated with art. After all, art and psychology are two facets of a single field of human nature. Art allows us to cognize the world through images and words, discovering in ourselves those deep processes that essentially guide our motives, actions and, ultimately, our attitude to life.
Benedict Spinoza wrote about the relationship between man and art: “Nobody has yet determined what the body is capable of ... but from the laws of nature alone it is impossible to deduce the reasons for the construction of architectural buildings, paintings and the like, which only produces just human art. And the human body could not build any temple if it were not determined and guided by the soul.”
The connection between human psychology and his work was revealed a long time ago, research was carried out on this topic and many scientific papers were written. One of these works is the book by Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, who, back in 1925, tried to understand one of the most complex and mysterious areas of human activity - art. This book discusses the mechanisms of the formation of a person as a creator, and also provides an analysis of various forms of the impact of arts on a person. In other words, the influence of art on a person and a person on art is already presented from a scientific point of view, which gave impetus to the formation of new pedagogical methods of raising children, art therapy and other trends. Understanding that creativity and art have a very strong influence on the psychological state of a person, it is important to know how to use this power.
Music influence
We perceive music as entertainment, sometimes as art, a way of self-expression. But it has been proven that it can have a therapeutic effect and even act as an effective tool for overcoming psychological difficulties, and no less successfully than other practices. This is due to the fact that music has a rather complex effect on a person and his nervous system, causing not one, but many reactions. In the second half of the last century, studies were conducted confirming the effect of musical compositions on hormonal regulation, respiratory organs, blood circulation and the cardiovascular system. Numerous experiments have confirmed that music directly affects well-being, performance, can cause a surge of positive emotions, which means that it has a huge resource for restoring a person and her mental health. The following relationships have been established:
1. Wind instruments have a beneficial effect on breathing and blood circulation. Some of the most ancient of them - a pipe, a flute, a pipe - were even used in the treatment of lung diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia);
2. Percussion instruments - cymbals, a drum, a tambourine, bells - normalize the heartbeat, setting the rhythm of music to it, also improve blood circulation, and are used for liver problems. Also, drums can relieve stress and bring out of depression;
3. Keyboard instruments and their sounds have a cleansing effect on the body, restore the nervous system;
4 . Stringed instruments such as violin, guitar, harp - soothe and positively affect the psyche, help the cardiovascular system to work properly.
There are studies that also confirm the direct impact of specific sounds on the physical and mental state of a person:
- the sound of water and surf soothes and gives relaxation. Subconsciously, these sounds remind us of the time when we were in the womb. Therefore, many babies listen to them so fascinated, stopping crying;
- the sounds of the forest (birdsong, wind noise) make you sleepy, but often also increase tone and mood, give vigor and strength, ensure inner harmony;
- other sounds of nature speed up thought processes, often stimulate creative inspiration, and help reveal special talents.
Modern music and its influence on the human intellect were analyzed in more detail by scientists from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, led by Professor Adrian North, head of the Department of Applied Psychology. They wondered what is the connection between musical preferences and the intelligence and character of the listeners. During the study, scientists interviewed 36,000 people from around the world. To determine the level of intelligence of volunteers, scientists used classical IQ tests, as well as a list of questions on the curriculum of a comprehensive school. It turned out to be striking that the fans of classical music and rock demonstrated the highest intelligence.
Fans of rap, hip-hop and r "n" b were recognized as the most "close-minded" - they showed the lowest results in IQ tests. Admirers of reggae, jazz and blues demonstrated an enviably high self-esteem and sociability.
Architecture and the human psyche
Everything that surrounds us has a direct impact on the psyche and emotions, especially the architecture of the city. Indeed, when walking in different parts of the city, or arriving somewhere, we tend to experience completely different feelings. Any place has its own unique energy, which can charge, inspire, set you up for work, or vice versa, take away strength and cause a dejected state. Unfortunately, in the Soviet period, no one knew about the relationship between architectural elegance and the psychological balance of a person, and this is how a strict, clearly geometric style appeared (and is still popular) - functionalism. Monotony of rectangular shapes, twin quarters, bare walls of houses merging with the color of asphalt - this is all that, on the one hand, is so familiar to our eyes and, on the other hand, is alien, unnatural for us. Statistics say that in typical development areas, there is a high percentage of crime, suicide and accidents. A person needs visual beauty in order not to fall into depression.
Louis Henry Sullivan - American practitioner and theorist and practitioner in the field of architecture said: "Architecture is an art that affects a person most slowly, but most firmly."
Psychology of poetry
As a result of numerous studies, scientists have found that poetry, like a mantra, fascinates with its sound and helps to fully feel the state that the author laid down, as if to see the events that he describes with his own eyes and be filled with the whole spectrum of feelings and emotions. It is this effect of poetry on a person that is associated with the fact that with their regular reading, health improves, strength and inspiration for new ideas and achievements appear. In particular, poetry has the greatest impact on psychological health, being also a preventive measure against mental disorders.
It turned out that when reading poetry, neurons react literally to every word. The brain reacts especially sharply to unusual poetic turns. For example, when Shakespeare's epithet "mad" for the wind was replaced with the more simple word "furious" in this context, the brain took this adjective for granted. But it was the unusual epithet "crazy" that made the nervous system mobilize, as if the brain was trying to comprehend what the word was doing here.
High poetry, as scientists have found, causes excessive excitement in the brain. Moreover, this effect persists for some time: after processing an unusual word or phrase, the brain does not return to its previous state, but retains some additional impulse that pushes to continue reading.
If we talk about the therapeutic abilities of poetry, an important role is played by one's own writing. Psychologists say that by expressing our emotions on paper in verse, whether it be sadness, anger or fear, we achieve their maximum release. As a result, they do not accumulate inside us and do not cause broken relationships with loved ones.
Painting and psychological state
American scientists made an amazing conclusion - in the process of contemplating a picture, a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe cerebral cortex is activated and the hormone dopamine is produced, which is responsible for a sense of satisfaction and pleasant sensations. It is also noteworthy that the same hormone is produced when we see a loved one, a dear person, or we are in a safe and comfortable place for ourselves.
Drawing at a non-professional level also has a strong therapeutic effect. Here the color and material that is used in the process of creating a picture matters. Bright colors are used in the so-called "chromotherapy" - a technique for removing depression and complex psychological conditions. Painting develops the eye and fingers, deepens and directs emotions, excites imagination, makes thought work, broadens horizons and forms moral principles.
Practicing art sometimes seems to us to be useless, optional activities, because we evaluate them in terms of the changes that appear as a result in the outside world. But much more important is what is happening at this time in the inner world - our soul.
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Works of art can radically change a person's life. So, the protagonist of D. London's novel "Martin Eden", being a simple sailor, fell in love with a girl from a wealthy and educated family - Ruth. In an attempt to change himself in order to match his beloved, Martin Eden turns to works of art, namely, to books. He reads a lot, visits libraries, studies the basics of versification and literary language. Subsequently, this helps the hero find his own purpose in life, as he discovers the gift of writing in himself. Thus, under the influence of art, the life of the hero of this work completely changes.
Sometimes it happens that under the influence of art a person is cured of a serious illness and avoids death.
The heroine of the novel by O. Henry "The Last Leaf" Jonesy, having contracted pneumonia, decided that she would die as soon as the last ivy leaf that grew on the old brick wall fell. When the only leaf remained on the plant and heavy rain and wind began, the girl almost lost hope. But old Berman, the artist who lived next door, learned of Jonesy's problem and painted another ivy leaf on the wall. Thus, looking at such a small work of art, the girl believed in her own recovery and was saved.
It often happens that people deny the importance of art in human life, they believe that art is a waste of time and resources. Obviously these people are wrong. Art is the most important, in my opinion, part of our life. Many writers adhere to the same point of view, they believe that life is impossible without art. So, in the work of I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” Yevgeny Bazarov denies art, considers it unnecessary for a progressive person. Bazarov sincerely believes that nature is a workshop, and he often allows himself to throw such disapproving remarks about artists: “Rafael is not worth a penny.” It is no coincidence that his ideas about art cause active controversy in society, only rare people agree with him.
It is not surprising that the science fiction writers of the twentieth century touched on the problem of the importance of art in human life. Art, in their opinion, will exist exactly as long as a person exists. Thus, in the novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury raises the question of the value of books to society. The work describes a world in which the state destroys books, there are separate fire brigades that burn books. A member of such a brigade is the main character, Guy Montag, who throughout the novel changes his attitude towards books. Initially, he considers book burning to be a good thing and even enjoys it, but after meeting Clarissa, he realizes that he made a mistake by burning books. His opinion changes, and by the end of the work he will be completely sure that books are man's best friend.
It is time to recall the novel by V. Hugo "The Man Who Laughs". Ursus, one of the heroes of the work, creates his own plays. He realizes them and includes them in the roles of his disciples. As a result, a lot of hard work was done, as a result of which they achieved fame. In the novel, on the example of such a situation, the important role of art in the life of these comedians was shown. They were able to achieve success by applying their skills in creative activities.
Quite often, art becomes not only the best friend, but also a "cure" for the human soul from the problems that surround it. For example, in the novel by George Sand "Consuello" the main character was helped to cope with the difficulties of classical music. Consuello's mother died, she was betrayed and left by a loved one. Consuelo lives in terrible poverty, she is forced to walk in old shabby clothes, eat poorly, she can barely make ends meet. Consuelo has a talent - she sings beautifully, and studying at a music school, enjoying music and singing helps her not to lose heart, inspires her to continue to fight for life. An example from George Sand's novel illustrates what wonders art can do and how important it is in a person's life.
Very rarely there are cases when art can destroy a person's life. So, for example, in Oscar Wilde's novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" the picture became one of the causes of misfortune in the life of a young man. Dorian Gray idolized his portrait, it was not only a source of inspiration for him, but also for those who managed to see this picture. At the same time, Dorian hated the artist's creation, because he understood that his beauty would disappear over the years, but it would remain in the portrait forever. The portrait "heard" Dorian's request, gave him eternal youth, but at what cost? In the end, the picture ruined his life, took away from him not only people close to him, but also the life of Dorian Gray. Thus, art cannot always have a beneficial effect on the human soul. The mystical story of Oscar Wilde is an example of how art can cause the development in a person of such qualities as selfishness and greed.
People in their lives often do merciful deeds. For example, in the work of LN Tolstov "War and Peace" the reader is shown a good example of compassion for someone else's misfortune. During the capture of Moscow by the French, Natasha is primarily concerned not about her own well-being, but about someone else's. She gives her carts to wounded soldiers who are unable to move on their own. Thus, we see that the girl does not lose her nobility even during critical situations.
A person is able to show compassion at any moment of his life, in completely different situations. So, for example, in the work of A.I. Kuprin “The Miraculous Doctor”, a man completely foreign to the protagonist literally saves the family from inevitable death. The doctor provides first aid to the dying girl, leaving money for food and the necessary medicines. After an unknown man helps the family, the protagonist finds a job, and the girl is cured of her illness. The example from The Miraculous Doctor is a clear example of how one compassionate person can affect the future.
- Music can help a person feel the beauty, relive the moments of the past
- The power of art can change a person's life
- The paintings of a truly talented artist reflect not only the appearance, but also the soul of a person.
- In difficult situations, music inspires a person, gives him vitality.
- Music can convey to people thoughts that cannot be expressed in words.
- Unfortunately, art can push a person to spiritual degradation.
Arguments
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Nikolai Rostov, who lost a huge amount of money for his family in cards, is in a dejected, depressed state. He does not know what to do, how to confess everything to his parents. Already at home, he hears the beautiful singing of Natasha Rostova. The emotions caused by the music and singing of the sister overwhelm the soul of the hero. Nikolai Rostov realizes that there is nothing more important in life than all this. The power of art helps him overcome fear and confess everything to his father.
L.N. Tolstoy Albert. In the work, we learn the story of a poor violinist with an outstanding talent. Once at the ball, the young man begins to play. With his music, he touches the hearts of people so much that he immediately ceases to seem poor and ugly to them. Listeners seem to relive the best moments of their lives, return to what is lost forever. Music influences Delesov so strongly that tears begin to flow down the man's cheeks: thanks to music, he is transported to his youth, remembers the first kiss.
K.G. Paustovsky "The Old Chef". Before dying, the blind old cook asks his daughter Maria to go outside and call any person to confess the dying. Maria does this: she sees a stranger on the street and conveys her father's request. The old cook confesses to the young man that he has committed only one sin in his life: he stole a golden saucer from the service of the Countess Thun in order to help his sick wife Martha. The desire of the dying man was simple: to see his wife again as she was in her youth. The stranger begins to play the harpsichord. The power of music has such a strong influence on the old man that he sees moments from the past as if they were real. The young man who gave him these moments turns out to be Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a great musician.
K.G. Paustovsky "Basket with fir cones". In the forests of Bergen, the great composer Edvard Grieg meets Dagny Pedersen, the daughter of a local forester. Communication with the girl prompts the composer to write music for Dagny. Knowing that a child cannot appreciate the beauty of classical works, Edvard Grieg promises to make a present for Dagny in ten years, when she turns eighteen. The composer is true to his word: ten years later, Dagny Pedersen unexpectedly hears a piece of music dedicated to her. Music causes a storm of emotions: she sees her forest, hears the sound of the sea, the shepherd's horn, the whistle of birds. Dagny cries tears of gratitude. Edvard Grieg discovered for her the beauty of what a person should really live.
N.V. Gogol "Portrait". The young artist Chartkov quite by accident acquires a mysterious portrait with his last money. The main feature of this portrait is the incredibly expressive eyes that seem alive. An unusual picture haunts everyone who sees it: it seems to everyone that the eyes are following him. Later it turns out that the portrait was painted by a very talented artist at the request of the usurer, whose life story is striking in its mystery. He did his best to convey these eyes, but then he realized that these were the eyes of the devil himself.
O. Wilde "Portrait of Dorian Gray". The portrait of the handsome young Dorian Gray painted by Basil Hallward is the artist's best work. The young man himself is delighted with his beauty. Lord Henry Wotton tells him that this is not forever, because all people grow old. In his feelings, the young man wishes that this very portrait would grow old instead of him. Later it becomes clear that the wish comes true: any act committed by Dorian Gray is reflected in his portrait, and he himself remains the same. A young man begins to commit inhuman, immoral acts, and this does not affect him in any way. Dorian Gray does not change at all: by the age of forty he looks the same as in his youth. We see that a magnificent picture, instead of a beneficial influence, destroys the personality.
A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". Music can warm the soul of a person even in difficult times of war. Vasily Terkin, the hero of the work, plays the harmonica of the murdered commander. From music people become warmer, they go to music like fire, start dancing. This allows them to forget about hardships, difficulties, misfortunes at least for a while. The comrades of the slain commander give the accordion to Terkin so that he will continue to amuse his infantry.
V. Korolenko "The Blind Musician". For the hero of the work, the musician Petrus, music has become the true meaning of life. Blind from birth, he was very sensitive to sounds. When Petrus was a child, he was attracted to the melody of a pipe. The boy began to reach for music and later became a pianist. He soon became famous, his talent was much talked about.
A.P. Chekhov "Rothschild's Violin". People tried to avoid Yakov Matveevich, a gloomy and rude person. But a melody accidentally found touched his soul: for the first time, Yakov Matveyevich felt ashamed for offending people. The hero finally realized that without malice and hatred, the world around him would be simply beautiful.
