“Woe from Wit” is a realistic comedy. Griboedov gave in it a true picture of Russian life. The comedy posed topical social problems of those times: about education, contempt for everything national, worship of foreign, education, service, ignorance of society.
The main character of the comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. Witty, eloquent, he maliciously ridicules the vices of the society that surrounds him. He differs sharply from those around him in his mind, abilities, independence of judgment. The image of Chatsky is something new, bringing change. This hero is a spokesman for the advanced ideas of his time. Famus society is traditional. His life positions are such that “you need to learn by looking at your elders”, destroy free-thinking thoughts, serve with humility to those who are one step higher, be sure to be rich. Famusov's only passion is a passion for rank and money.
The beliefs of Chatsky and Famusovsky society are different. Chatsky condemns serfdom, imitation of foreign, people's lack of desire for education and their own opinion. The dialogues between Chatsky and Famusov are a struggle. At the beginning of the comedy, it manifests itself not so sharply. Famusov is even ready to give in to Sophia, but at the same time he sets conditions:
I would say, firstly: do not be blissful,
Name, brother, do not manage by mistake,
And, most importantly, go and serve.
To which Chatsky replies:
I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.
But gradually the struggle turns into a battle. Chatsky argues with Famusov about the way and way of life. But the main character is alone in the fight against the views of Moscow society, in which he has no place.
Molchalin and Skalozub are not the last representatives of the Famus society. They are rivals and opponents of Chatsky. Molchalin is helpful, silent. He wants to please with his humility, accuracy, flattery. Puffer shows himself to be someone very important, businesslike, significant. But under his uniform, he hides "weakness, poverty of reason." His thoughts are connected only with getting a higher rank, money, power:
Yes, in order to get ranks, there are many channels;
About them as a true philosopher I judge:
I just want to be a general.
Chatsky does not tolerate lies and falsehood. This man's tongue is as sharp as a knife. Each of his characteristics is labeled and caustic:
Molchalin used to be so stupid!..
Wretched creature!
Has he really grown wiser? .. And that one -
hoarse, strangled, bassoon,
A constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas!
Chatsky's monologue “And who are the judges? ..” mercilessly condemns the Famus society. Each new face that appears in the course of the development of the plot takes the side of Famusov. Gossip grows like a "snowball". And Chatsky can't stand it. He can no longer remain in the society of low, vile, conceited and stupid people. They condemned him for his mind, for freedom of speech and thought, for honesty.
Before leaving, Chatsky throws to the whole Famus society:
You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Who will have time to spend the day with you,
Breathe the air alone
And his mind will survive.
Chatsky is above them, the best and rare qualities are manifested in him. Those who cannot see and appreciate this, at the very least, are simply fools. Chatsky is immortal, and now this hero is relevant.
The comedy "Woe from Wit" made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature. Griboyedov's play was, is and will be a modern work until servitude, greed, gossip disappear from our lives.
Rich in robbery
Magnificent building chambers,
Among the great riches of classical literature, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov's comedy Woe from Wit, completed in 1824, occupies a special place. It is full of youth and freshness, distinguished by liveliness of dramatic action, bright and juicy characters. This comedy, talking about the distant past, draws the reader and the viewer to the present. The main conflict in it is the struggle of the new, progressive with the old, obsolete, "the present century" with the "past century". This is the meaning of Chatsky's struggle with the ideals of the Moscow nobility, in whose eyes Chatsky is an innovator, a "liberalist" and a freethinker. The representatives of the “past century” cannot forgive him for this.
The story of Chatsky's life in the play is outlined in separate strokes. Childhood in the house of Famusov, then service in the regiment “five years ago”, St. Petersburg - “communication with the ministers, then a break”, a trip abroad - and a return to the sweet and pleasant “smoke of the fatherland”. Chatsky is young, but he already has many life events behind him. It is no coincidence that he is so observant and understands people well.
The author repeatedly emphasizes in the comedy the mind of Chatsky, clear, sharp, differing, however, in "a somewhat rational approach to life." Chatsky studied abroad. In addition to scientific truths, he also picked up “new rules” there. During these years, restless Europe was still seething with the passions of great battles - not even half a century had passed since the revolution of 1789 in France, and the revolutionary whirlwinds raised by it were raging first in Italy, and then in Spain. Our hero was, in all likelihood, a witness to this and returned to his homeland full of thoughts about individual freedom, equality and fraternity. But what awaits him in Moscow?
His dear Sophia, to whom he rushed "forty-five hours, without screwing up his eyes in an instant, more than seven hundred miles ..." fell in love with another, his father's secretary, Molchalin. For Chatsky, this is a heavy blow, because his ardent, sincere love is deep and constant. In addition, he feels insulted by Sophia's choice. How could she, a smart, developed girl, give preference to Molchalin, who does not even dare to "have his own opinion"?
But, unfortunately, this is not the only disappointment awaiting Chatsky in Moscow. Returning home full of hope, our hero foresaw a meeting with representatives of the Famus society. “You’ll get tired of living with them,” he says to Sophia at the first meeting, immediately consoling himself: “And in whom you won’t find spots.” But he was still sure that famusism was just a fragment of the “past century”. However, the reality turned out to be much darker. Even old friends were infected with famusism. Former friend Gorich, who until recently was full of life, now “repeats“ a-molny duet ”on the flute and complains about his health. A conversation with Repetilov reveals to Chatsky the surface and emptiness of the liberalism of many, the insignificance of the meetings of "liberalists" taking place in the English Club. And communication with other representatives of the Famus society became generally dramatic for Chatsky.
And this is quite natural. In the society of Moscow "aces", where everyone lives, "looking at the elders", where they value only wealth and rank, where they are afraid of truth and enlightenment, Chatsky stands in a special place, for which many nobles hate and persecute him. What distinguishes this hero from his opponents? Mind, sincerity, directness - this is what distinguishes Chatsky from many of his peers in Moscow society. Molchalin seems to be smart. If we get to know him better, we will see that the main thing in him is cunning, resourcefulness, deceit. Skalozub is direct and frank, but on the other hand, he “has not uttered a clever word since birth.” And only Chatsky combines intelligence and honesty - qualities that are very important for a real person.
Chatsky opposes his ideal to Famusov’s understanding of a person, “albeit inferior”, but rich, who “takes his forehead not in war, but in peace”:
Not demanding either places or promotions,
In the sciences, he will stick the mind, hungry for knowledge.
Representatives of the two camps have completely different ideas about service. For Famusov, a model of attitude to official duties is Maxim Petrovich, who "bended over" if it was necessary to "serve". Chatsky has an opposite opinion on this matter:
I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.
In contrast to Famusov and his entourage, Chatsky is deprived of aristocratic contempt for people of lower rank. In his monologue “And who are the judges?” Chatsky angrily attacks those who
Rich in robbery
Finding protection from judgment in friends, in kinship,
Magnificent building chambers,
Where they overflow in feasts and prodigality.
He also accuses the representatives of the "past century" of inertia, lack of movement:
And who are the judges? For the antiquity of years
To a free life their enmity is irreconcilable,
Judgments draw from forgotten newspapers
Ochakov times and the conquest of the Crimea.
The comedy turned out to be A. S. Griboedov's answer to the urgent need of his time for an original, highly artistic, socially significant, social comedy. A lot of time has passed since then. Comedy, of course, has already lost its social significance, but not artistic. Theaters still collect full houses when Woe from Wit is on stage.
“Woe from Wit” is a realistic comedy. Griboedov gave in it a true picture of Russian life. The comedy posed topical social problems of those times: about education, contempt for everything national, worship of foreign, education, service, ignorance of society.
The main character of the comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. Witty, eloquent, he maliciously ridicules the vices of the society that surrounds him. He differs sharply from those around him in his mind, abilities, independence of judgment. The image of Chatsky is something new, bringing change. This hero is a spokesman for the advanced ideas of his time. Famus society is traditional. His life positions are such that “you need to learn by looking at your elders”, destroy free-thinking thoughts, serve with humility to those who are one step higher, be sure to be rich. Famusov's only passion is a passion for rank and money.
The beliefs of Chatsky and Famusovsky society are different. Chatsky condemns serfdom, imitation of foreign, people's lack of desire for education and their own opinion. The dialogues between Chatsky and Famusov are a struggle. At the beginning of the comedy, it manifests itself not so sharply. Famusov is even ready to give in to Sophia, but at the same time he sets conditions:
I would say, firstly: do not be blissful,
Name, brother, do not manage by mistake,
And, most importantly, go and serve.
To which Chatsky replies:
I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.
But gradually the struggle turns into a battle. Chatsky argues with Famusov about the way and way of life. But the main character is alone in the fight against the views of Moscow society, in which he has no place.
Molchalin and Skalozub are not the last representatives of the Famus society. They are rivals and opponents of Chatsky. Molchalin is helpful, silent. He wants to please with his humility, accuracy, flattery. Puffer shows himself to be someone very important, businesslike, significant. But under his uniform, he hides "weakness, poverty of reason." His thoughts are connected only with getting a higher rank, money, power:
Yes, in order to get ranks, there are many channels;
About them as a true philosopher I judge:
I just want to be a general.
Chatsky does not tolerate lies and falsehood. This man's tongue is as sharp as a knife. Each of his characteristics is labeled and caustic:
Molchalin used to be so stupid!..
Wretched creature!
Has he really grown wiser? .. And that one -
hoarse, strangled, bassoon,
A constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas!
Chatsky's monologue “And who are the judges? ..” mercilessly condemns the Famus society. Each new face that appears in the course of the development of the plot takes the side of Famusov. Gossip grows like a "snowball". And Chatsky can't stand it. He can no longer remain in the society of low, vile, conceited and stupid people. They condemned him for his mind, for freedom of speech and thought, for honesty.
Before leaving, Chatsky throws to the whole Famus society:
You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Who will have time to spend the day with you,
Breathe the air alone
And his mind will survive.
Chatsky is above them, the best and rare qualities are manifested in him. Those who cannot see and appreciate this, at the very least, are simply fools. Chatsky is immortal, and now this hero is relevant.
The comedy "Woe from Wit" made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature. Griboyedov's play was, is and will be a modern work until servitude, greed, gossip disappear from our lives.
Essay text:
The comedy Woe from Wit gives a general picture of all Russian life in the 1020s of the 19th century, reproducing the eternal struggle between the old and the new, which unfolded with great force at that time, not only was copying prohibited in Moscow, but throughout Russia, between two camps: advanced , Decembrist-minded people and feudal lords, a stronghold of antiquity.
The Famus society, which firmly preserved the traditions of the past century, is opposed in the comedy by Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky. This is a progressive man of the current century, more precisely, of the time when, after the Patriotic War of 1812, which sharpened the self-consciousness of all sections of society in Russia at that time, secret revolutionary circles and political societies began to emerge and develop. Chatsky in the literature of the 20s of the 19th century is a typical image of a new person, a positive hero, a Decembrist in his views, social behavior, moral convictions, in his entire turn of mind and soul.
The clash of Chatsky's man with a strong-willed character, whole in his feelings, a fighter for an idea with the Famus society was inevitable. This clash gradually takes on an increasingly fierce character, it is complicated by the personal drama of Chatsky, the collapse of his hopes for personal happiness. His attacks against the existing foundations of society are becoming more and more harsh.
If Famusov is the defender of the old century, the heyday of serfdom, then Chatsky, with the indignation of a Decembrist revolutionary, speaks of serf owners and serfdom. In the monologue And who are the judges? he angrily opposes those people who are the pillars of the noble society. He sharply speaks out against the orders of the golden Catherine's age, dear to Famusov's heart, the age of humility and fear, the age of flattery and arrogance.
Chatsky's ideal is not Maxim Petrovich, an arrogant nobleman and a hunter of meanness, but an independent, free person, alien to slavish humiliation.
If Famusov, Molchalin, Skalozub consider service as a source of personal benefits, service to individuals, and not to the cause, then Chatsky breaks ties with the ministers, leaves the service precisely because he would like to serve the cause, and not to servility to the authorities. I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve, he says. He defends the right to serve education, science, literature, but this is difficult in the conditions of an autocratic-feudal system:
Now let one of us
Of the young people, there is an enemy of quest,
Not demanding either places or promotions,
In science, he is in the mind, hungry for knowledge;
Or in his soul God himself excite the fire
To creative arts, lofty and beautiful,
They immediately: robbery! fire!
And they will be known as a dreamer! dangerous!..
By these young people I mean such people as Chatsky, the cousin of Skalozub, the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, a chemist and botanist.
If the Famus society disdainfully treats everything folk, national, slavishly imitates the external culture of the West, especially France, even neglecting its native language, then Chatsky stands for the development of a national culture that masters the best, advanced achievements of European civilization. He himself was looking for intelligence during his stay in the West, but he is against empty, slavish, blind imitation of foreigners. Chatsky stands for the unity of the intelligentsia with the people.
If the Famus society evaluates a person by his origin and the number of serf souls he has, then Chatsky appreciates a person for his mind, education, his spiritual and moral qualities.
For Famusov and his circle, the opinion of the world is sacred and infallible, the most terrible thing is what Princess Marya Aleksevna will say! Chatsky defends freedom of thoughts, opinions, recognizes the right of every person to have their own convictions and express them openly.
He asks Molchalin: Why are the opinions of others only holy? Chatsky sharply opposes arbitrariness, despotism, flattery, hypocrisy, and the emptiness of those vital interests by which the conservative circles of the nobility live.
His spiritual qualities are revealed in the choice of words, in the construction of a phrase, intonation, manner of speaking. The speech of this literary hero is the speech of a speaker who is fluent in words, a highly educated person. As his struggle with the Famus society intensifies, Chatsky's speech is increasingly colored with indignation and caustic irony.
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One wise man said: "Man is dependent on society and there is no such great genius who would be completely free from its influence." We cannot but agree with this statement. Indeed, we are born, grow, develop - all these processes of becoming a person do not pass without interaction with the people around us. Why do clashes of interests between society and the individual occur over the years? People think, create, create something new, contributing to the development of the world around them.
However, quite often this contribution is not perceived as a new stage of development. Years pass, but life remains the same. Old generations are replaced by new ones, with the same habits and foundations. Over time, some people begin to realize the need for change. This is where the conflict begins.
The problem of the relationship of people in society is at the center of the plots of many works of great writers of different eras. In the middle of the 19th century, M. Yu. Lermontov devoted his work to this topic in the lyrical poems "Duma", "I go out alone on the road", "Beggar", in the novel "A Hero of Our Time", in the poem "Mtsyri". In the 20th century, S. A. Yesenin addressed the topic of man and society in the poems "Soviet Rus'", "I meet everything, I accept everything", "Now we are leaving a little."
In the 18th century, A. S. Griboyedov considered the problem of the collision of the new and the old world. This problem is most deeply revealed in the comedy "Woe from Wit".
"Woe from Wit" is a socio-political comedy. Griboyedov described in it a true picture of Russian life after the Patriotic War of 1812. What is the main conflict? And why is the problem of the relationship between man and society relevant today? The work shows the eternal struggle of the old and the new, which unfolded with particular force at that time not only in Moscow, but throughout Russia between two camps: advanced, Decembrist-minded people of the "current century" and ardent feudal lords who did not want to change anything, "the century the past."
Sometimes society is by no means the best creations of nature; on the contrary, it is a consequence of its complete distortion and damage. Such in the comedy "Woe from Wit" is the Famus society. Why is it corrupted? We find the answer in the life principles and habits of its representatives. The people who create it are subject to the traditions of their ancestors. These people are stupid and mercenary, afraid of enlightenment and progress, their thoughts are directed only to the acquisition of honors and titles, wealth and finery. Everything new is alien to them, they strive to destroy free-thinking, they do not see the point in teaching: “Take away all the books and burn them!” - says one of its main representatives, Famusov. What does the Famus society value most in people? Origin, number of serf souls. They treat service as a source of personal gain, service to "persons" and not to "cause", they respect flattery and servility. Why does Sofia - educated, with a strong and independent character, a warm heart, a dreamy soul - use her sharp mind to lie, and give love to an unworthy person? Society made her a representative of the generally accepted views in this circle. It forces the representatives of the younger generation to show their negative qualities, adjusts, changes, inspires their ideals. For the Famus society, an idle existence is habitual, its interests are narrow, extending only to gossip and appearance. Such a life is firmly entrenched in society, its principles are firm. But who is opposed to the traditional foundations?
Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky, a representative of the new thinking Russian nobility, a Decembrist fighter, a romantic, is in the fight against the Famus society. What is the highest goal of his activity, aspirations? What is he pleading for? What is he up against? Chatsky fights against serfdom. He regards the dependence of people on the serf-owners as slavery, he is outraged by the inhumanity of those who control other people's destinies: "Or the one over there who, for ploys / He drove to the serf ballet on many trucks / From mothers, fathers of rejected children ..." Chatsky responsibly prepares to public life, he is educated, smart: "He writes and translates nicely." He sees his destiny in serving the people, he wants to see Russia literate, enlightened. But why does he not find himself in this society? In an attempt to influence the representatives of the Famus society, Chatsky understands that he will not be able to disrupt the usual way of life of these people. Is he looking for benefits in the service? No, he takes his job seriously. Chatsky loves his homeland, but not "the state of tsars, landowners and officials", he is not used to fawning and bowing before a higher rank: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve." Did he succeed in influencing the old society, which slavishly copies the customs, habits and attire of the French? We soon learn that the hero does not acquire the freedom he preaches, but he does not stop striving for it. Society, its old ways, terrible orders and customs horrified Chatsky, but did not break him. He does not give up his beliefs, does not stop believing in the best.
The author brings us to the idea that a person is the master of his destiny and his purpose in society. Each of us, like Chatsky, is able to take a step towards change, to contribute to the development of the state, to influence its future. Can we change something? Perhaps most importantly, before changing the world, society for the better, you need to start with your own development, which is impossible without the influence of society.
Very often in life we come across people who can be compared with the Famus society. They are vile, stupid and mediocre. What is the mind for them? And what does it really mean? These issues are resolved in the great work of Russian literature by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
This grief was the main character of the comedy, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky - an intelligent, noble, honest and courageous person. He hates and despises the Famus society, in which the main theme in life is servitude. He can be compared to a lone hero who fights an entire regiment. But his superiority was that he was unusually intelligent. Chatsky wanted to honestly serve his Motherland, but he did not want to serve the higher ranks: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve." These words of his testify that we have before us a proud, witty and eloquent person. In this work, A.S. Griboyedov shows the conflict between two opposite sides - Chatsky and Famusovsky society. Alexander Andreevich is a victim of his wit.
The people with whom he was surrounded did not understand him and did not even strive for this. They are accustomed to live in eternal "slavery", the concept of freedom is alien to them. It seems to me that Chatsky is not the only positive character in this comedy, there are such characters that Griboyedov only mentions in his work. This is Skalozub's cousin, who left the service and went to the village, the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, Prince Fedor, a chemist and botanist. They can be considered allies of Chatsky. The main character is simply unbearable to be in the company of people like Famusov, Skalozub, Molchalin. They considered themselves very intelligent, earning their position by sycophancy. So Famusov confirms this in his own words: "Though honest, though not, it's even for us, dinner is ready for everyone." And also, talking about his late uncle, who knew when to serve, he was proud that it was his relative who was so "smart." People from the Famus society did not notice how stupid their morals were. These people lived an imaginary life, without thinking about the main thing - about its meaning. Chatsky loved Sophia very much and confessed this to her at their first meeting after a long separation, and she answered him: “Why do you need me?”. The protagonist begins to think that she has become the same as her father and his entourage. Chatsky leaves Moscow, realizing that he has no place there. But the Famus society cannot be considered the winner, since Chatsky did not lose this battle, he did not become like these people, did not sink to their level. It seems to me that this person was born a little earlier than the time in which it would be easier for him to live. I believe that the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is a great work of Russian literature, which is immortal.
The two most striking personalities in AS Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" are completely opposite Heroes - Chatsky and Famusov. A clash between Chatsky, a fighter for justice, and Famusov, a defender of the old order, was inevitable.
Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky is a supporter of freedom and justice. Famusov, unlike him, is a zealous defender of the old ways of life.
He views service as a source of personal gain and income. Chatsky wants to serve the cause, not individuals. Therefore, he breaks all ties and leaves the service. “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” he says. He defends the right to serve science, enlightenment, and not to be servile to superiors. The main goal of the service is the defense of the Motherland, and the supporters of the Famus society set the main goal of obtaining a high rank, and by any means. For Famusov, enlightenment is a danger that threatens the collapse of the usual foundations of life. He exclaims with hatred:
Learning is the plague, learning is the cause
Who is more dense now than ever
Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions ...
For supporters of Famusov's views, connections, the opinion of the world are important: "What will Princess Marya Alekseevna say!" In a person, he first considers his rank, status and position in society, and not his inner dignity. And Chatsky appreciates in a person the mind, education, his moral and spiritual qualities. Chatsky's ideal is an independent, free personality, alienating servility. Uncle Maxim Petrovich can be called the ideal person for Famusov: he, not possessing intelligence and insight, was able to achieve the location of Empress Catherine II. Famusov advises to take an example from him. It turns out that, without making any special efforts, simply by amusing the empress, Maxim Petrovich receives honor and a high rank. The main goal has been achieved, while the ways to achieve it do not worry Famusov's supporters. For him, the result is important, he strives to achieve it as quickly as possible. In addition, Famusov considers servility to be wisdom, because everyone lived like that in his time. And those who refused to serve were considered a potentially dangerous person. So he calls Chatsky.
But even having received a high rank, Famusov will treat the service irresponsibly. You can give an example of Famusov's schedule:
On the sheet, draw on the written,
Against next week...
It would seem that Famusov is an important and busy person, but, on the other hand, he does not have a single serious business. All day long he wastes time on empty conversations, receptions, meetings and boasts about it. Most likely, he will also be frivolous about the service and state affairs.
Disagreements between Chatsky and Famusov are manifested in relation to the way of life and advanced people. If Famusov is the defender of the old century, the times of serfdom, then Chatsky is a liberal-minded person. He believes that it is necessary to eradicate all remnants of the past. In his monologue "Who are the judges?" he gives criticism to the advanced people who were at the top of the noble society:
Are not these rich in robbery?
They found protection from court in friends, in kinship ...
A. S. Griboyedov, in the image of Alexander Chatsky, denounces officials of dishonesty, bribery and swagger. Famusov's views on this matter are quite conservative. He does not want any changes, and considers Chatsky a rebel. The ideal groom for Famusov is Colonel Sergey Sergeevich Skalozub. He is the embodiment of all the hopes and desires of Pavel Afanasyevich; a promising personality, achieved a respectful position in society:
Famous person, respectable,
And he picked up the darkness of distinction;
Out of years and an enviable rank,
Not today, tomorrow General.
However, Sophia does not want to marry Skalozub. He seems to her stupid, tongue-tied. She does not need Chatsky, who is eliciting the secret of her love. Probably, any girl would not like this, and she would try to get rid of the curious. This happened to Chatsky. As a result, Sophia made him crazy and forced him to leave the city.
In the comedy Woe from Wit, the Famus society is sharply contrasted with representatives of the "current century." The essence of these conflicts lies in different attitudes towards the way of life, service and advanced people of their time.
In the work "Woe from Wit" Griboyedov describes the events that take place in Russia after the defeat of the Napoleonic army. In this era, the relationship between representatives of the nobility, who adhere to age-old foundations, and progressive youth is tense. Society is represented here by Famusov, and he is ideologically opposed by Chatsky.
Chatsky personifies a progressive person of that time. He is not at all worried about how many people believe him and support him, he simply believes in the sincerity of his words, which means that no one and nothing can convince him. His dissimilarity to other representatives of the Famus society, as a Protestant and a dreamer, encourages local residents to listen to his beliefs. His speech is direct, hot and passionate, and with it Chatsky brings great damage to the Famus society.
Chatsky is aware of the rejection of the Famus society, he perfectly understands his extraordinaryness. After all, a representative of the Famus world should not have his own opinion, it is guided only by the opinion of society. Chatsky indignantly accuses the feudal lords of cruel morals and arbitrariness. His ideal is an independent, free, enlightened person.
In the Famus society, human dignity is not valued, here power and wealth have power, here they are striving with might and main for money, titles, and position in society. Pleasing, falsehood, openly praised as a virtue. A person here can achieve success in various ways, pejorative and blasphemous, unacceptable for a moral and noble person.
The whole objective assessment of Famus's "friends" and "relatives" can be given at the ball, where they show their attitude towards each other. The reader sees the smallness of the souls of dull-headed slanderers, arrogant and talkative loafers. Chatsky sees in them "torturers of the crowd."
Opponents of education, who do not know how to think independently, adhere only to public concepts, they are united only by an uncompromising hatred of hostility towards people with a progressive judgment, insubordination of opinions, intellectuality of Chatsky.
Conceited by their attachment to Moscow and the Fatherland, these patriots are trying to show how alien and disgusting the dominance of a foreign land in their native city is to them.
But what does the reader really see? “Longing and groaning and groaning” for France, reading - French novels, chants - French romances. The teachers are French tutors.
Summing up, we can say that the work touches on the "eternal" topics of problems that are relevant to this day. Choosing comical and meaningful names for the actors, Griboedov suggests not only ridiculing them, but also thinking about their appearance.
Essay 2
The author of the satirical comedy play "Woe from Wit" examines the problems of interaction between two generations, the difference in beliefs, principles and views of their representatives. The Famus Society is the epitome of the secular society of nineteenth century Moscow. Progressive youth is reflected only in the only hero of the work - Alexander Chatsky.
Chatsky lived abroad for a long time, received an education and managed to wean himself from Russia. Returning back, he is faced with misunderstanding on the part of the majority of the country's population, which is represented in the work by the Famus Society.
Chatsky had self-respect, strove for freedom, was an honest, principled young man, with liberal views.
Famusov and the people around him, on the contrary, were adherents of outdated principles and norms of behavior. First of all, they strove for their own comfort and safety. The secular society of Moscow in the nineteenth century was distinguished by hypocrisy and servility; striving for prestigious positions, not seeing barriers in the form of, for example, bribery to achieve their selfish goals. So Pavel Afanasyevich was a typical official, a bureaucrat who saw only material gain in all tasks. Unlike him, Alexander was really a patriot, an opponent of the enslavement of the peasants, a supporter of equality.
Alexander's speeches, filled with a desire for change and a desire for freedom, horrified representatives of secular society. They were not ready to say goodbye to a comfortable life and easily eliminated Chatsky, who annoyed them, calling him mentally retarded and ceasing to pay him due attention.
Alexander was upset by the worldview of the inhabitants of Moscow and was forced to leave the country again. Not finding support for his ideas from the population of Russia, Chatsky could not reach out to minds that did not even want to receive information about possible changes. The hero sincerely did not understand why people do not want to live in an intelligent society, to change their lives for the better. The answer lay in the fact that society was not ready for such drastic changes, but, despite this, after some time in Russia, the political system began to change anyway.
Chatsky loses the dispute with Famusov's society, but emerges from the dispute as the winner from the moral side. He has more followers, devoid of stereotypes and with the same inner foundations as Alexander himself.
Griboyedov ironically ridiculed the secular society of Russia two centuries ago, however, the vices he described have not ceased to exist even today.
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