Hellenes
(Greek hellenes)
the self-name of the Greeks, which spread in antiquity. For the first time this word is found in Homer, however, in relation to only one tribe that inhabited a small area in southern Thessaly - Hellas; Aristotle locates it in Epirus. According to mythology, the ancestor of e. Hellene was the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha. For the first time the term "e." as the name of all Greeks is found in the poet Archilochus (7th century BC). During the period of the Greco-Persian wars, this term began to be used in relation to mainland Greece, and during the time of A. Macedon it spread throughout the territory inhabited by the Greeks.
Thucydides believed that Trojan War this territory did not have a name: before Hellen, the son of Deucalion, such a name did not exist at all. “After the Greeks and their sons seized power in Phthiotis, and other cities began to call on them for help, individual tribes, one after another, by virtue of close communication with each other, gradually began to be called Hellenes, but this name came into general use. only recently. The best proof of this is given by Homer. After all, Homer, although he lived much later than the Trojan War, nowhere designates all the tribes with one common name of the Hellenes and does not call anyone that, except for the warriors of the squad of Achilles from Phthiotis - they were the first Hellenes. The rest, Homer, in his poems, calls Danaans, Argives, or Achaeans; he does not use the word “barbarians” either, obviously because the Hellenes had not yet separated from them and united under one name ”(History, I, 3).
language e. divided into three main dialects: Aeolian, Dorian and Ionian. The first dialect was spoken by the inhabitants of the northwest. the coasts of Asia Minor, the islands of Lesbos, Boeotia and Thessaly. The Dorian dialect was common among the tribes living in the southwest. coast of Asia Minor, in the Peloponnese, the islands of Crete and Rhodes, as well as in the colonies of southern Italy and Sicily. The Ionian dialect was inherent in the tribes of the West. the coasts of Asia Minor, Attica and some of the islands of the Aegean; from it the Attic dialect was formed, which became literary language Hellas.
Oliva P. To the question of the origin and development of the Hellenic people in ancient Greece // VDI. 1954. No. 4; Tyumenev A.I. To the question of ethnogenesis Greek people// VDI. 1953. No. 4; 1954. No. 4.
(I.A. Lisovyi, K.A. Revyako. ancient world in terms, names and titles: Dictionary-reference book on the history and culture of Ancient Greece and Rome / Nauch. ed. A.I. Nemirovsky. - 3rd ed. - Minsk: Belarus, 2001)
Antique world. Dictionary-reference. EdwART. 2011 .
See what "Hellenes" is in other dictionaries:
HELLENES- Greeks. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. ELLINS Ancient Greeks, as they called themselves. A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
HELLENES- (Greek Hellenes), the self-name of the Greeks ... Modern Encyclopedia
HELLENES- (Greek Hellenes) the self-name of the Greeks ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
HELLENES- HELLENES, ov, unit. in, a, m. Self-name of the Greeks (more often classical era). Dictionary Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Hellenes- (in EllenV). For the first time with the name of the Hellenes of a small tribe that lived in southern Thessaly in the valley of the Enipeus, Apidan and other tributaries of the Peneus, we meet in Homer: E., together with the Achaeans and Myrmidons, are mentioned here as subjects of Achilles, inhabiting ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Hellenes- Hellenes, ov, unit. h. Hellenes, and ... Russian spelling dictionary
Hellenes- (Greek Hellenes), the self-name of the Greeks. … Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary
Hellenes- (from the Greek. Έλληνες) the self-name of the Greeks. In modern Russian, it is usually used to refer to the inhabitants of Ancient Greece. For the first time, a small tribe of Hellenes in southern Thessaly is mentioned by Homer. Herodotus, Thucydides, Parossky also placed them there ... ... Wikipedia
Hellenes- ov; pl. [Greek Hellenes] 1. Self-designation of the Greeks. ● For the first time, the term Hellenes for the Greeks is found in the poet Archilochus (7th century BC). 2. Ancient Greeks. ◁ Ellin, a; m. Ellinka, and; pl. genus. nok, date nkam; and. Hellenic, oh, oh. Oh speech. E... encyclopedic Dictionary
Hellenes- ov; pl. (Greek Héllēnes) see also. Hellene, Hellenic, Hellenic 1) The self-name of the Greeks. For the first time, the term Hellenes for the Greeks is found in the poet Archilochus (7th century BC). 2) Ancient Greeks... Dictionary of many expressions
Books
- Hellenes and Jews, Yuri Gert. For Yuri Gert, the most important topics have always been anti-Semitism, overcoming assimilation facelessness, understanding one's own destiny as part of one's destiny... Buy for 613 rubles
- King Herod the Great. The Embodiment of the Impossible (Rome, Judea, Hellenes), V.L. Vikhnovich The book of the famous St. Petersburg scientist V. L. Vikhnovich is dedicated to the life and work of the last Jewish king Herod the Great (73–4 BC), whose name in connection with the mention in ...
Hellenes(" Έλληνες). - For the first time with the name of the Hellenes - a small tribe that lived in southern Thessaly in the valley of the Enipeus, Apidan and other tributaries of Peneus - we meet at Homer (Il. II, 683, 684): E., together with the Achaeans and the Myrmidons, are mentioned here as subjects of Achilles, inhabiting the Hellas. In addition, we find the name of Hellas as a southern Thessalian region in several later parts of both Homeric poems (Il. IX, 395, 447, XVI, 595; Od. 1,340, IV, 726, XI, 496). Herodotus, Thucydides, Parian Marble, Apollodorus use these data of epic poetry about the geographic location of E.; only Aristotle, based on Il. XVI, 234-235, where the "priests of Dodona Zeus" are mentioned Selly, not washing feet and sleeping on bare ground "and identifying the names of the Sells (other Helles) and the Hellenes, transfers ancient Hellas to Epirus. Based on the fact that Epirus Dodona was the center ancient cult primordial Greek gods - Zeus and Dione, Ed. Meyer ("Geschichte des Altertums", II vol., Stuttgart,) believes that in prehistoric period the Greeks who occupied Epirus were forced out from there to Thessaly and transferred with them to new lands and former tribal and regional names; it is clear that the Hellopia mentioned in Hesiod and the Homeric Sellas (Gellas) are repeated in the Thessalian Hellenes and Hellas. Later genealogical poetry (beginning with Hesiod) created the eponym of the Hellenic tribe of Hellenes, making him the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, who survived the great local flood and were considered the ancestors of the Greek people. The same genealogical poetry created in the person of Hellenus's brother, Amphictyon, the eponym of the Thermopylae-Delphic Amphictyony. From this it can be concluded (Holm "History of Greece", I, p. 225 next; see also Beloch, "History of Greece", vol. I, pp. 236-217, M.,) that the Greeks recognized a close connection between the union of the Amphictyons and the name of E., especially since in the center of the peoples that were originally part of the union, the Phthiotian Achaeans, identical with ancient Hellenes. Thus, the members of the Amphictyony, linking themselves by origin with the Phthiotians, gradually got used to calling themselves Hellenes and spread this name throughout Northern and Central Greece, and the Dorians transferred it to the Peloponnese. In the 7th century BC, mainly in the east, the correlative concepts of barbarians and panhellenes arose: these are last name was supplanted by the name of the Hellenes, which had already come into use, which united all the tribes that spoke Greek. language, with the exception of the Macedonians, who lived an isolated life. As a national name, the name E., according to our information, is found for the first time in Archilochus and in the Hesiodian Catalog; in addition, it is known that the organizers of the Olympic festival bore the name of Hellanodics already before 580 BC. epic poetry: so, according to Homer, the Greeks bear the common tribal names of the Danae, Argives, Achaeans, as opposed to the Trojans. Aristotle and some representatives of Alexandrian literature mention another, in their opinion, the most ancient common ethnic name for the people - Γραιχοί (= graeci = Greeks), under which in historical time the inhabitants of E. were known to the Romans and which then passed through the Romans to all European nations. In general, the question of the origin of the ethnic names of the Greek people is one of the controversial and unresolved to date.
Hellenes ('ўEllhneV). - For the first time with the name of the Hellenes - a small tribe that lived in southern Thessaly in the valley of the Enipeus, Apidan and other tributaries of Peneus - we meet in Homer: E., together with the Achaeans and Myrmidons, are mentioned here as subjects of Achilles, inhabiting Hellas proper. In addition, the name of Hellas, as a southern Thessalian region, we find in several later parts of both Homeric poems. Herodotus, Thucydides, Parian Marble, Apollodorus use these data of epic poetry about the geographical location of E.; only Aristotle, based on Il. XVl, 234 - 235. where "priests of the Dodonic Zeus Sella are mentioned, not washing their feet and sleeping on the bare ground", and identifying the names of the Sells (other Hells) and Hellenes, transfers ancient Hellas to Epirus. Based on the fact that the Epirus Dodona was the center of the most ancient cult of the original Greek gods - Zeus and Dune, Ed. Meyer (Geschichte des Altertums. II vol., Stuttgart, 1893) believes that in the prehistoric period the Greeks who occupied Epirus were driven out from there to Thessaly and transferred with them to new lands and former tribal and regional names; it is clear that the Hellopia mentioned in Hesiod and the Homeric Sellas (Gellas) are repeated in the Thessalian Hellenes and Hellas. Later, genealogical poetry (beginning with Hesiod) created the eponym of the Hellenic tribe of Hellenes, making him the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, who survived the great local flood and were considered the ancestors of the Greek people. The same genealogical poetry created in the person of Hellenus' brother, Amphictyon, the eponym of the Thermopylae-Delphic Amphictyony. From this we can conclude (Holm, "History of Greece", I, 1894 p. 225 next; see also Beloch, "History of Greece", vol. 1, pp. 216 - 217, M., 1897) that the Greeks recognized a close connection between the union of the Amphictyons and the name E., especially since in the center of the peoples that were originally part of the union, the Phthiotian Achaeans, identical with the ancient Hellenes, were geographically located. Thus, the members of the Amphictyony, linking themselves by origin with the Phthiotians, gradually got used to calling themselves Hellenes and spread this name throughout Northern and Central Greece, and the Dorians transferred it to the Peloponnese. In the 7th century to R. Chr. , mainly in the east, the correlative concepts of barbarians and panhellenes arose: this last name was supplanted by the name of the Hellenes, which had already come into use, which united all the tribes that spoke Greek. language, with the exception of the Macedonians, who lived an isolated life. As a national name, the name E. , according to our information, is found for the first time in Archilochus and in the Hesiodian Catalog; in addition, it is known that the organizers of the Olympic festival bore the name of Hellanodiki even earlier than 580 BC. The need to create a national name is already seen in epic poetry: thus, in Homer, the Greeks bear the common tribal names of the Danaites, Argives, Achaeans, as opposed to the Trojans. Aristotle and some representatives of Alexandrian literature mention another, in their opinion, the most ancient common ethnic name for the people - Graikoi ((= graeci, = Greeks), under which in historical times the inhabitants of E. were known to the Romans and which then passed through the Romans to all European In general, the question of the origin of the ethnic names of the Greek people is one of the disputed and unresolved to this day.
At the heart of worldview ancient greeks lay beauty. They considered themselves beautiful people and without hesitation they proved this to their neighbors, who most often believed the Hellenes and over time, sometimes not without a struggle, adopted their ideas of beauty. Poets classical period, starting with Homer and Euripides, draw heroes tall and fair-haired. But that was the ideal. In addition, in the understanding of a person of that time high growth? What curls were considered golden? Red, chestnut, blonde? All these questions are not easy to answer.
When the geographer Dikearchus from Messene in the GU c. BC e. admired the fair-haired Thebans and praised the courage of the blond Spartans, he only emphasized the rarity of fair-haired and fair-skinned people. From numerous images of warriors on ceramics or wall paintings from Pylos and Mycenae, bearded men with black curly hair look at the viewer. Also, the dark hair of the priestesses and court ladies on the palace frescoes of Tiryns. On the Egyptian paintings, where the peoples living "on the islands of the Great Green" are depicted, people appear small in stature, slender, with skin lighter than that of the Egyptians, with large, wide-open dark eyes, with thin noses, thin lips and black curly hair.
This is an ancient Mediterranean type, which is still found in this region. The golden masks from Mycenae show some faces of the Asia Minor type - wide, with close-set eyes, fleshy noses and eyebrows converging at the bridge of the nose. During excavations, the bones of warriors of the Balkan type are also found - with an elongated torso, round head and large eyes. All these types moved across the territory of Hellas and mixed with each other, until, finally, the image of the Hellene was formed, which was recorded by the Roman writer Polemon in the 2nd century. n. e: “Those who managed to preserve the Ionian race in all its purity are men rather tall and broad-shouldered, stately and rather light-skinned. Their hair is not quite light, relatively soft and slightly wavy. The faces are broad, high cheekbones, the lips are thin, the nose is straight and the eyes are shining, full of fire.
The study of the skeletons allows us to say that medium height Hellenic men was 1.67-1.82 m, and women 1.50-1.57 m. The teeth of almost all the buried were perfectly preserved, which should not be surprising, since in those times people ate "environmentally friendly" food and died relatively young, rarely stepping over the 40th anniversary.
Psychologically, the Hellenes were quite an interesting guy. In addition to the traits inherent in all Mediterranean peoples: individualism, irascibility, love of disputes, competitions and circuses, the Greeks were endowed with curiosity, a flexible mind, a passion for adventure. They were distinguished by a taste for risk and a craving for travel. They set out on the road for her own sake. Hospitality, sociability and pugnacity were also their properties. However, this is only a bright emotional cover that hides the deep inner dissatisfaction and pessimism inherent in the Hellenes.
Split of the Greek soul has long been noted by historians of art and religion. The craving for fun, the desire to taste life in all its fullness and transience were intended only to drown out the melancholy and emptiness that opened up in the chest of the Greeks at the thought of the non-material world. The horror of realizing that earthly life- the best that awaits a person was unconsciously great. Further, the path of a person lay in Tartarus, where shadows dried up by thirst roam the fields and only for a moment acquire a semblance of speech and reason, when relatives bring funeral hecatombs, pouring out sacrificial blood. But also in sunny world, where a person could still enjoy while walking the earth, hard work, epidemics, wars, wanderings, homesickness and loss of loved ones awaited him. The wisdom gained over the years of struggles told the Hellene that only the gods taste eternal bliss, they also decide in advance the fate of mortals, their sentence cannot be changed, no matter how hard you try. This is the conclusion from the most popular, endowed philosophical meaning the myth of Oedipus.
Oedipus was predicted to kill own father and marries his mother. Separated from his family, the young man returned to his homeland after many years and unknowingly committed both crimes. Neither his piety before the gods nor his just reign as king of Thebes abolished predestination. The fateful hour has come, and everything destined by fate has come true. Oedipus gouged out his eyes as a sign of blindness, to which man is doomed by the immortal gods, and went to wander.
Nothing can be done, and therefore rejoice while you can, and taste the fullness of life that flows between your fingers - such is the inner pathos of the Greek worldview. The Hellenes were fully aware of themselves as participants in a huge tragedy unfolding on the stage of the world. The civil liberties of the city-states did not compensate the soul for the lack of freedom from predestination.
So, Hellene- laughing pessimist. He becomes sad at a merry feast, in a fit of momentary gloom he can kill a comrade or a loved one, or, by the will of the immortals, go on a journey, not expecting anything other than the tricks of the celestials for the accomplished feats. If a person is lucky to live near his native hearth with a nice family, he will hide happiness without showing it off, for the gods are envious.
Hellene
The name Ellin or Ellin itself dates back to the 8th century BC. And it takes its name from Hellas, or otherwise - ancient Greece. Thus, Ellin is a "Greek", or a resident of Greece, a representative of the Greek people, ethnic group.
I must say that over time, in the 1st century AD, the word "Hellenes" began to denote not only Greeks by nationality, but also representatives of the entire Mediterranean. It has come to denote the bearers of Greek culture, language, and even people of other nationalities who were born in Greece or neighboring countries and assimilated there.
Since the conquests of Alexander the Great, Greek culture spread throughout the entire world. Greek customs, customs, the Greek language, penetrated into all countries bordering Greece, and became, in a way, international cultural property. That is why the whole world then spoke Greek. And even the Romans, who replaced the Greeks, adopted much of what was rightfully Greek culture.
From all of the above, it can be seen that the Jews, by the word Hellen, meant a "pagan", no matter what nation he was a representative of. If he is not a Jew, then he is Hellenic (Gentile).
Hellenists from Acts 6:1
1 In these days, when the disciples multiplied, there was a grumbling among the Hellenists against the Jews because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution of needs.
(Acts 6:1).
As a consequence, the Apostles instructed the brethren to appoint several persons responsible for meeting the needs of Hellenistic widows.
« Murmur" in this text it is a translation Greek word goggumos, which means "grunt; mumbling"; "muffled conversation"; "expression of latent discontent"; "a complaint".
« Hellenists" is a transliteration of the word helleniston, forms plural genitive from hellenistes. Hellas means Hellas, Greece. In the New Testament, Hellas is used in reference to the southern part of Greece, as opposed to Macedonia in the north.
The word "Greek", otherwise Greek, meant a person who did not belong to the Jewish people, as, for example, in the Book of Acts 14:1; 16:1, 16:3; 18:17; Romans 1:14.
1 In Iconium they went together into the Jewish synagogue and spoke in such a way that a great multitude of Jews and Greeks believed.
(Acts 14:1).1 He reached Dervia and Lystra. And behold, there was a certain disciple, named Timothy, whose mother was a Jewish woman who believed, and whose father was a Greek.
(Acts 16:1).3 Paul desired to take him with him; and he took him and circumcised him for the sake of the Jews who were in those places; for all knew of his father that he was a Greek.
(Acts 16:3).17 And all the Greeks seized Sosthenes, the ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat; and Gallio was not in the least worried about that.
(Acts 18:17).14 I am indebted to the Greeks and the barbarians, the wise and the ignorant.
(Rom 1:14).
The word hellenistes is used only three times in the New Testament [Acts 6:1; 9:29; 11:20], and means the Jews who spoke Greek. The "Hellenists" in Acts 6:1 are Greek-speaking Jews who followed Greek customs and came from Greek-speaking countries.
29 He also spoke and competed with the Hellenists; and they tried to kill him.
(Acts 9:29).20 And some of them were Cypriots and Cyreneans, who, having come to Antioch, spoke to the Greeks, proclaiming the Lord Jesus.
(Acts 11:20).
They probably represented those peoples [Acts 2:8-11] who were in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost, and after the resurrection of Jesus, converted to the Lord Jesus Christ.
8 How can we each hear our own language in which we were born.
9 The Parthians, and the Medes, and the Elamites, and the inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Judea, and Cappadocia, Pontus, and Asia,
10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya that are adjacent to Cyrene, and those who came from Rome, Jews and proselytes,
11 Cretans and Arabians, do we hear them speaking in our tongues about the great [works] of God?
(Acts 2:8-11).
