Biography (1780 -1847) Master of everyday genre, portrait painter, landscape painter. Born February 7, 1780 in Moscow in the family of a poor merchant (traded in tree seedlings). He studied at a private Moscow boarding school. Since childhood, he discovered the ability and love for drawing. In 1807, Venetsianov moved to St. Petersburg, entered the service of the Department of Posts. At the same time, he took up painting seriously - he took lessons from Borovikovsky, copied paintings by old masters in the Hermitage
Graphics, etching, lithography In addition to portraiture, Venetsianov successfully engaged in graphics. During the Patriotic War of 1812, together with I. I. Terebenev and I. A. Ivanov, he published satirical leaflets of military patriotic content, made in the technique of etching. He also willingly turned to lithography, which had just been invented at that time.
Cartoons ... there was a place in the work of Venetsianov and humorous cartoons. In 1808, the artist conceived the idea of publishing a satirical Journal of Caricatures, whose motto was "Laughter corrects manners." This magazine was supposed to be presented in the form of engravings with text that ridiculed the vices of society. However, only 2 engravings were published. Just before the release of the 3rd engraving, by order of Tsar Alexander I, this publication was banned. Previously published engravings were destroyed. The reason for such a categorical decision was the third engraving, which depicted a sleeping official, while visitors were waiting for him.
In 1811, Venetsianov painted "Self-portrait" and a large portrait of the inspector of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, K. I. Golovachevsky, for which Alexei Gavrilovich was elected an academician.
First success In 1822, for the first time, the work of the artist Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov was presented to the emperor. For it, the painter received a thousand rubles, and the work itself was placed in the Diamond Room of the Winter Palace. The painting was called "Purification of the Beets". This canvas became a kind of "turning point" in Russian painting, the birth of a new trend in Russian art - the everyday genre. It was Venetsianov who achieved the popularity of this direction of painting among the people.
Barn ... the painting "Barn" subsequently became one of the best paintings of the artist. In order to convey space and light more realistically, Alexey Gavrilovich sawed the front wall of the threshing floor on his estate, seated the peasants there and depicted all this on canvas, including sections of sawn logs. For this painting, Venetsianov received 3,000 rubles, and the painting itself was transferred to the permanent exhibition of the Hermitage.
"The barn" and beyond The painting "The barn" opens a whole series of works of "rural, domestic kind", as V. I. Grigorovich put it
Worldview Venetsianov is one of the first members of the Society for the Establishment of Schools by the Method of Mutual Education, founded in 1818, a legal organization of the Decembrist Welfare Union. The purpose of the Society was to spread literacy among the common people. In 1818, Venetsianov left the service and began to live for a long time in. Tver estate Safonkov, embodying his new artistic ideas in painting.
Marriage In 1818, Venetsianov left the civil service, married the daughter of a little-known artist and left with his family for the Safonkovo estate, which belonged to his new wife. It is here, far from the bustle of the city, Alexey Gavrilovich finds the main theme of his work. Venetsianov opens up an inexhaustible source of inspiration, a variety of plots and images.
Landlady's morning? On arable land? In 1823, Venetsianov set about creating the painting The Morning of the Landowner. This work embodied the best achievements of the painter. It should be noted the peculiarity of the images of peasant women, characteristic of many of the artist's paintings: their majesty, calm dignity, businesslike facial expressions. The prototype of the peasant women for this painting was the artist's wife. She is a young, slender woman in a long sundress, leading two horses across the field in the famous painting “On Plowed Field. Spring" .
On the arable land “But everything flies over the field, either a peasant woman, or a goddess, and a bright world rises around with a reasonable beautiful cosmos. . . »
Venetsianov's school After the success of the painting "The Barn", bought from the artist for a significant amount, he decided to use the proceeds "for teaching young poor people" according to a new method. The master's students - in some cases serfs - lived and studied with him for free. The school alternately functioned in Safonkovo and in St. Petersburg, receiving some support from the Society for the Encouragement of Artists.
Attitude towards the school Official academic circles disapproved of Venetsianov's activities. The pedagogical system of the master was reduced to the development in the student of the ability to see and depict the world around him in its immediate reality, outside of predetermined norms and canons. Thus, the pupils of Venetsianov did not copy, like academicians, other people's originals or special tables depicting individual parts of the body.
Hardships During the twenty-year existence of the school, Venetsianov experienced more and more financial difficulties, unsuccessfully seeking funds for its maintenance. Attempts to get a teaching position at the Academy of Arts or at the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture ended in failure
Fate In 1830, through the efforts of high-ranking well-wishers, Venetsianov received the title of imperial painter, an annual salary and the Order of St. Vladimir. And the following year, after a long illness, his wife died, leaving him two young daughters. The economy in Safonkov, dear to the heart, did not please either. The estate had to be mortgaged to the Board of Trustees.
Letter from 1836 “At 57, a man who lived not to eat, but ate to live, the stomach of inner existence stumbles. Here, my most venerable, on December 24, that is, on Christmas Eve, I stumbled, they let me ore, for the first time in my life, and they poured the drink into my mouth. After two or three days, I look - an snout on the side, however, even now it mows, but not like that. They took away from me: coffee, vodka, wine, strong and hot tea, cigars, and they gave me veal soup, something with snow, and water with cream tartar ... I was ordered to live on the street, and, despite the blizzard and frost, I wander - yes how, five and six times a day ... (tired) ".
Evaluation "Finally, we have waited for an artist who turned his wonderful talent to the image of one Russian, to the presentation of objects around him, close to his heart and to ours ... ", - wrote P. P. Svinin, the founder of the "Russian Museum" in Petersburg.
Venetsianov
Alexei
Gavrilovich
1780-1847 .
Completed by: Yulia Selyanskaya
11-A class. GBOU secondary school №41 Sevastopol
Biography
- The Venetsianov family came from Greece, where they were called Mihapulo-Proko or Farmaki-Proko. The artist's great-grandfather Fyodor Proko with his wife Angela and son George arrived in Russia in 1730-1740. There they received the nickname Veneziano, which later turned into the name of the Venetsianovs.
- Alexei Venetsianov was born on February 7 (18), 1780 in Moscow. Father Gavril Yuryevich, mother Anna Lukinichna (nee Kalashnikova, daughter of a Moscow merchant). The family of A. G. Venetsianov was engaged in trade, they sold currant bushes, tulip bulbs, as well as paintings. A. G. Venetsianov served as a land surveyor at the forest department.
Biography
- Alexei studied painting first on his own, then with V. L. Borovikovsky. In his youth, he painted lyrical portraits of his mother (1802), A. I. Bibikov (1805), M. A. Fonvizin (1812).
- From 1807 he served in St. Petersburg as an official.
- In 1811 he was recognized as "Appointed", that is, a candidate for academician. In the same year, Venetsianov received the title of academician.
Biography
- During the Patriotic War of 1812, together with I. Terebenev, he created caricatures of the French and gallomaniac nobles. He also studied genre scenes from noble and bourgeois life. He was a member of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists.
- In 1819, he left the service and settled with his family: his wife Marfa Afanasyevna and two daughters, Alexandra and Felitsata, in the village of Safonkovo, Tver province, devoting his efforts to the development of the "peasant" genre.
Barn (1823)
At the harvest. Summer (mid-1820s)
Biography
- He organized his own art school, in which more than 70 people were trained. V. A. Zhukovsky took an active part in their fate. The works of his students Venetsianov exhibited along with his own at academic exhibitions.
- Following the principles of the master, the artists of the school reflected the life of the democratic circles of society, painted urban and rural landscapes, interiors, still lifes. “The works of the Venetian school are marked by the poetic immediacy of the embodiment of the surrounding life. The work of the artists of the Venetian school represents a significant stage in the development of realism in Russian art in the first half of the 19th century.
“Here is the father’s dinner!” (1824)
Peasant Woman Combing Linen (1822)
Peasant children in the field (1820)
Shepherd with a pipe (1820)
Biography
- Among the students of A. G. Venetsianov was the talented painter Grigory Soroka, the serf of the landowner N. P. Milyukov, who was preparing Soroka to become a gardener. Magpie committed suicide.
- In 1829 he received the title of court painter.
- Venetsianov died in an accident while traveling on the road to Tver on December 4 (16), 1847 in the village of Poddubie, Tver province.
- Venetsianov was buried in the rural cemetery of the village of Dubrovskoye (now Venetsianovo) in the Udomelsky district of the Tver region.
On the arable land. Spring (1820)
Reaper (1820)
Beet peeling (1820)
Creation
- Venetsianov's brush belongs to the portrait gallery of his contemporaries: the artist painted N. V. Gogol (1834), V. P. Kochubey (1830s), N. M. Karamzin (1828). For the title of academician, Venetsianov was asked to paint a portrait of the inspector of the Educational School of the Academy, K. I. Golovachevsky. A. G. Venetsianov depicted him surrounded by three boys, symbolizing the union of the “three most noble arts”: painting, sculpture and architecture. The portrait also personified the unity of the old Academy with the new one. However, A. G. Venetsianov was most famous for the images of peasants he painted. "The Reapers", "The Sleeping Shepherd", "Zakharka" have been attracting the viewer's attention with their freshness and sincerity for almost two centuries.
Sleeping Shepherd (1823-1824)
Reapers (1825)
Portrait of K. I. Golovachevsky (1811)
Creation
- In 1808, A. Venetsianov published the Journal of Caricatures, which was soon banned. The magazine consisted of engraved sheets: "Allegorical image of twelve months", "Sledding", "Nobleman". The satirical image of an influential dignitary is believed to have angered Alexander I.
- He also worked in pastels on paper and parchment. Draftsman, engaged in lithography.
- A. G. Venetsianov is the author of theoretical articles and notes: "The Secret of Lipman's Paintings", "Something About Perspective", "On the Teaching System in Drawing Classes".
Creation
- Venetsianov's brushes also belonged to the image for the cathedral of all educational institutions (Smolny Cathedral), for the church of the Obukhov city hospital. In the last year of his life, the artist worked on images for the church of the boarding school for noble youth in Tver.
Return of the Soldier (1830s)
Peter the Great. Founding of St. Petersburg (1838)
Portrait of the Panaev children with a nanny (1841)
Communion of a Dying Woman (1839)
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