Accounting entries for property accounting. Report on practice Organization of accounting in the Administration of rural settlement Leushi

Accounting for the property of an organization is one of the initial tasks financial statements, because control over the dynamics of the movement of funds is important for planning a successful business. First of all, it should be clearly understood what exactly is considered to be objects of property, and what is equated to sources.

Company property in accounting

The property of the organization in accounting is all tangible and intangible objects that are used by the enterprise to conduct its activities. So, if the company has just registered, then the property will include the funds of investors or co-founders.

In the process of development, the property will change. If the activity brings profit to the organization, then the property size will grow. In the case when the company does not develop, the original assets may also be lost.

Important! The reflection in the accounting of the property of the organization is regulated by law, paragraph 1 of Art. 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and art. 2, 3 of the Law "On JSC" dated December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ! For this, the principle of property isolation has been developed. It implies that the property of the enterprise exists independently of the property of the managers.

This means that the enterprise is legally an independent financial entity, separated from other participants in the economic turnover.

Keeping records of the property of the organization is carried out separately for each item and name and is regulated by the following regulatory legal acts:

Types of objects

The accounting objects of the organization's property are detailed in the NLA. Below you can find a table that shows the individual objects of the organization's property and explanations for them.

Accounting for the sources of property formation Accounting for the organization's property also implies an inventory of property objects. The rules for its implementation are spelled out in the "Guidelines for property inventory" dated 13.06.1995 No. 49.

The objects belonging to the enterprise do not appear out of nowhere - they are acquired with the help of sources of property formation. For their legal reflection in the documentation, it is necessary to take into account the sources of formation of the organization's property.

The sources include those material reserves that are used to form the economic assets of the enterprise. Obviously, different companies have different resources. To date, a single strict classification has been developed, so any of the resources will fall into one of the existing categories.

Accounting for the sources of the organization's property involves the analysis of three such sources:

1. Own capital of the enterprise. This includes the initial capital of the founders of the company, and the reserve financial reserves that have been accumulated over the entire existence of the organization. The same concept includes the profit of the company, as well as targeted additional injections.
2. borrower finances. It can be both credit bank funds and borrowed money from counterparties
3. Commitments. These include debt funds - money that the company must return to counterparties

The enterprise property accounting system considers both assets, including the company's property objects, and the company's sources of income, which are considered its liabilities.

Objects include movable (securities, cash, vehicles, etc.) and immovable (land and water plots, mineral deposits, etc.) property.

The basics of accounting for the property of an organization include such provisions as the rules for documenting financial transactions, coordinating work with primary accounting documents, compiling cost analysis statements, maintaining a chart of accounts, and so on. In particular, without understanding the principles and goals of developing a working chart of accounts, it is impossible to correctly evaluate the results of the company's activities in the future. As a result, we will get blind promotion in the occupied area, and this can lead to unjustified expenses and even bankruptcy.

The procedure for accounting for the organization's property is prescribed in detail in credit accounts 60, 66, 67, 76 and accounts for accounting for the capital and reserves of the enterprise (they are described in more detail in part 7 of the Accounting Plan, which was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated 10/31/2000 No. 94-N) .

An example of postings in property valuation:

Conclusion

Accounting inventory of property and liabilities of the organization is one of the most important categories of accounting.

Property is considered to be intangible assets, fixed assets, inventories, as well as cash and non-cash financial resources of the company, investments and some other assets. Moreover, assets and liabilities should always be equal relative to each other.

These were only practical foundations accounting of property of the organization.

Changes in the organization of tax accounting for depreciable property: Video

Accounting for the property of the organization is one of the main tasks of accounting. What relates to the property of the company, and what - to its sources, read the article below.

The property of the organization in accounting

The property of the organization is the tangible and intangible objects that the company uses in its professional activity. At the initial stage of the company's activity, its property is the contributions of the founders or the personal funds of the entrepreneur. Then the property of the company changes: if the activity of the enterprise is profitable, then the size of the property grows, and if the work is unprofitable, the loss of initial assets is also possible.

Attention! The law establishes the most important principle of accounting for the property of a legal entity: the principle of property isolation. This means that the property of an organization exists separately from the property of its owners or other organizations (clause 1, article 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, articles 2 and 3 of the law "On JSC" dated 12.26.95 No. 208-FZ, articles 2 and 3 of the law "On LLC" dated 08.02.98 No. 14-FZ).

The issues of accounting for the property of an organization are regulated by the following legal acts:

• Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
• Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
• Law "On Accounting" dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ;
• Regulations on accounting and accounting in the Russian Federation (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n);
• PBU 4/99 "Accounting of the organization" (order of the Ministry of Finance dated 06.07.1999 No. 43n);
• PBU 1/2008 "Accounting policy of the organization" (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated 06.10.2008 No. 106n).

In addition, for each type of property of the company there are separate regulatory legal acts. Below we have compiled a table of the main categories of the company's property, explained what applies to them, cited key legislative acts and provided links to our publications on this issue.

The property of the company is subject to mandatory inventory. The rules for its implementation are regulated by the Guidelines for the inventory of property and financial obligations (Order of the Ministry of Finance of June 13, 1995 No. 49).

Accounting for the sources of property formation

The company's property is not created out of thin air - assets are acquired at the expense of the sources of property formation. Economists identify three such sources:

1. Own capital - this concept includes both the authorized capital formed at the time of the establishment of the enterprise, and additional and reserve capital - these funds are accumulated in the process of the company's operation. Equity capital also includes profits received and targeted financing.

1. Borrowed funds - this includes loans from banks and loans from counterparties.

1. Liabilities - that is, accounts payable: money that a company owes to counterparties.

Accounting of the sources of formation of the property of the organization is based on the basic accounting rule: the company's property in monetary terms and the sources of its formation are equal. The increase in the sources of the company's property is reflected in the credit of accounts 60, 66, 67, 76 and the accounts of capital and reserves (Section VII of the Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of October 31, 2000 No. 94n). The expenditure of sources is reflected in the debit of the listed accounts.

When forming the balance sheet, the property of the enterprise is reflected in the asset, and the sources of the company's property are its liabilities.

Results

The property of the enterprise and the sources of its formation are the two most important categories of accounting. Property includes fixed assets, intangible assets, inventories, cash and non-cash money of the company, receivables, financial investments and a number of other assets. Sources of property formation - capital and reserves, loans, credits, accounts payable, profit. The assets and liabilities of the company must be equal.

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