In any music, in any song, except for the melody, it is very important rhythm.
Rhythm in Greek means "dimensionality"- this is a uniform alternation of any elements, in our case, sounds.
The combination of long and short sounds in a certain order is called rhythmic pattern.
Well understood rhythm different dances. Everyone understands what rhythm in question when they say: in the rhythm of a waltz, march, tango.
We can find rhythm not only in music, but also in Everyday life.
For example, look at the ornament, its elements are repeated, which means it is rhythmic.
Such ornaments were folded by my children, and which ones will you fold?
We can see ornaments on clothes, utensils, in architecture (for example, lattice and fences in parks)
Everything in the world has a rhythm. Our heart is a heart rate; there are brain rhythms, there is a daily rhythm of sleep and wakefulness, or morning, afternoon, evening and night. The change of seasons is the rhythm of the planet. The world is filled with different rhythms, think about what other examples of rhythms you could give.
Today we are interested in musical rhythm.
To write down the rhythm on paper, use the so-called time signature . With its help, musicians understand with what rhythm and tempo it is necessary to play music. Musical sizes are different and are written in fractions: two quarters, three quarters, etc. In order to accurately observe the rhythm, the musician, when learning a new melody, must count: one and, two, and ... and so on, depending on the size. But about time signatures we'll talk a little later, but now let's get back to rhythm.
For training sense of rhythm and while learning melodies, so as not to count all the time and not be distracted from the notes, musicians and singers often use metronome - this is such a device with which you can set the rhythm, and he will tap it like a "loud clock". He helps the musician keep a certain rhythm long time. A clear rhythm gives the music additional beauty, and if the musician does not fall into the rhythm, then the listener has a feeling of discomfort. Music without rhythm is perceived as a set of sounds, not a melody. Musicians who play together at the same time, for example, in an ensemble, should be especially accurate in getting into the rhythm.
like this online metronome I found for you.
The metronome scale shows the time signatures. Move the slider along the arrow (up or down) and start the metronome (click on the handle on the side). You will hear how clearly he will knock. The real one looks almost exactly the same.
Although modern metronomes can be not only mechanical, but also electronic, there are pocket metronomes, and children's metronomes in the form of some kind of animal.
The human step is also quite rhythmic. Especially if you are singing something rhythmic at this time, or reading a verse to yourself, then the steps will be clear, rhythmic.
Practical part:
1. Start the metronome at a slow speed (optional). For each beat of the metronome, play the sound from your instrument. If you don't have an instrument, tap the table with your hand or shake the matchbox, or think of something else (clap your hands...). Your task is to ensure that your sounds, beats or shaking exactly match the beats of the metronome. Did you manage? Excellent! Start the metronome faster, and then even faster. Practice hitting the right rhythm.
2. Find and read any rhythmic nursery rhymes you like. Slam them. March, tap .... Fantasize!
3. Listen to rhythmic children's music, drawing the child's attention to the rhythm (march, waltz, polka)
4. Come up with your own rhythmic ornament, draw and photograph it. Share with us .
Later we will train our sense of rhythm with the help of different exercises.
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What do you need to know in order to clearly feel the rhythm of music?
If you have worked through the previous material, then we can congratulate you: you have already mastered the main part of musical writing! Now we begin to study an equally important topic: rhythm and everything connected with it. So:
Rhythm
You already know that a sound (note) has an important property for music: duration. Also in the previous lessons we considered parts of melodies as examples. Literally 1 - 2 bars, but this is enough to make sure that the notes are played sequentially, as written: from left to right. The sequential construction of the durations of sounds (notes) is called rhythm (read in turn, from left to right, the duration of the melody presented below - this will be the rhythm).
Durations of sounds (notes) can be combined into so-called rhythmic groups, "> figures. In this example, rhythmic groups are highlighted in red brackets:
Figure 1. Rhythmic groups
When listening to a song, a person often taps the rhythm with his foot, shakes his head rhythmically, and dances. A person can move "to the beat" of the music, because the music, as it were, pulsates evenly. The sounds (notes) to which such a pulsation falls (that is, the very moment when a person, for example, makes one head movement to the music) are accentuated notes. And such a selection of sounds is called ">accent. The part of a measure that contains accented sounds is called strong"> beat. Parts of the bar that do not have accents are called weak shares
As a rule, the strongest accent falls on the first beat of the measure. The second strongest - in the middle of the bar. The weakest beat falls at the end of the measure. In the figure, we have shown the strong and weak beats of the measure at a time signature of 4/4. Let's review them
Figure 2. Accented notes
Please note: under some notes there are signs that we have not yet studied. The sign "" denotes an accented note. The sign "" denotes a strongly accented note. Tap the rhythm along with the melody. You will be tapping accented and heavily accented notes.
Meter
In Figure 2, strong and weak beats alternate evenly. This alternation is called meter.
The size
In one of the first lessons, we briefly touched on the concept the size works. We remind you: the size is what is indicated in the drawings of this lesson as “ 4 / 4" (to the right of treble clef). Now we can give quite scientific definition the term "size of the work".
Let's return to Figure 2 again. We look at the notes from left to right, starting with the very first one (the note “re”). Below it is the sign "heavily accented note". The duration of the note is a quarter. It turns out that this is a strong beat lasting a quarter. Next comes the weak beat. Duration - also a quarter. Then a strong beat and a weak beat. Each is a quarter long. As a result, we have 4 beats lasting a quarter each in one measure. This is exactly what is written with the key: 4/4 (the first, that is, the top on musical staff the number "4" indicates the number of beats in a bar, the second number "4" - the duration of each beat, so we read the size like this: "four quarters").
Tact
You already know what tact is. Please note that a measure is also a segment piece of music from the downbeat to the next downbeat. Now you know complete definition tact.
If the music begins with a weak beat, then the very first measure is incomplete. This is a hit. As a rule, the last bar will be incomplete just enough so that the sum of the durations of the first and last bars is exactly a bar. Note that the beat can also occur in the middle of the work. Lead-in example:
Figure 3. Zatakt
To make it easier to hear the upbeat, we added to musical accompaniment this figure one more track. It is not shown in the figure. The first beat is incomplete. Its total length is a quarter (the sum of two eighths). This is the hitch. And the last measure (half with a dot) complements the first so that the total duration of both measures is 4/4 (a whole note).
Results
In this article, we have given a lot of material. If something is misunderstood - do not be discouraged. In the future, we will again use the studied concepts and, if necessary, comment on them. So let's find out!
You now know such concepts as rhythm, strong and weak beats,
The melodic structure in music largely depends on the rhythm, it is to this indicator that we sometimes owe good mood when you want to nod to the beat or tap your foot strong beat in your favorite song. At the same time, it can be difficult to explain what rhythm is in music, this requires special knowledge, at least initial knowledge. music education. However, if you set yourself a goal and desire, then you can explain this issue to the general public, using popular concepts and extended definitions. By itself, the word "rhythm" is used not only in music, it is a vast concept that has become so firmly established in life that it is regarded as something taken for granted.
For successful meditation, you also need to connect to the rhythm, you just have to choose which one is more suitable for entering into resonance with the outside world. Some people like the rhythm of the waves, others like the beating human heart. Rhythm itself is very important for achieving harmony, and music helps to achieve this goal.
Rhytmos - consistency, dimensionality. Rhythm as a whole means a regular and measured alternation of any elements: sounds, movements, etc. Examples: breathing, heartbeat, pendulum swings, change of seasons, day and night. The concept of rhythm is closely related to the concept of a cycle, cyclicity, i.e. repetitions.
Usually the word "rhythm" is primarily associated with music and dance. musical rhythm- this is an alternation in a certain order of short and long sounds. In other words, it is the alternation of note durations in their sequence (or rhythmic). Musicians often use a metronome (a special device) to keep track of the rhythm while learning pieces. Different musical traditions have their own rhythms. In the sound of drums, rhythm comes to the fore. There are rhythm sections, an ensemble that includes drums, rhythm guitar and bass guitar, setting the main rhythm.
The concept of rhythm is also important in poetry, it is the basis of versification. It is in its presence that the difference between poetry and prose is found. In poetry, rhythmic units are distinguished: a syllable (based on the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables) and a line (phrase). In rhyming lines, the number of syllables must be the same, and the stresses must be consistent, otherwise the rhythm fails. There are different poetic measurements, which are characterized by an individual rhythm: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach and anapaest.
Another common one is “natural rhythms”. Everything has a cycle: day follows night, and spring - summer. In nature, there are pulsations of the geomagnetic field, the frequency of ionospheric radiation, solar cycles. Biorhythms are closely related to natural rhythms. So, for example, most people show a peak of activity in the daytime, and inactivity at night. Everyone has individual biorhythms, but for everyone they are associated with physiological processes in the body and affect endurance, activity, etc.
Greek rhythmуs - regularity, harmony, proportionality, from rhй? - flow) - the alternation of any elements that occurs with a certain sequence, frequency, etc.
Great Definition
Incomplete definition ↓
RHYTHM
a form of organization of temporary arts, and more broadly - the perception of processes occurring in time. Extending to literature, music and plastic arts, rhythm demonstrates general patterns: the possibility of perception in each of these cases is due to the alternation of tensions and resolutions (respectively, ascending and descending phases of the rhythm), which, grouped into periods or segments, lead to the establishment of a difference between them and create a certain kind of anticipation in the perceiver. It is this expectation generated by rhythmic repetition that can be justified or, on the contrary, deceived, leading to various kinds of emotional reactions perceiver, in which it is colored artistic technique. Philosophy and aesthetics of the 20th century demonstrate examples of rhythm rethinking. Thus, Brecht's theory of (social) gesture, as applied to the theater, gives a prominent place to the influence of movement and tempo on the production of meaning in statements and actions. Modern French philosopher F. Lacou-Labart explores rhythm in the context of the formation of subjectivity. He is interested in rhythm as intonation, as something that affects language, while not belonging to the linguistic order, and, therefore, eluding both linguistic (such as semiotics / semantics, etc.) and metaphysical oppositions that underlie them (sensual / intelligible, form / matter, soul / body, etc.). Rhythm, in other words, is the area of manifestation of the inexpressible, that "place" where the line is erased, first of all, between the real and the imaginary. This is the area of the collapse of "primary narcissism" but also, as Lacoue-Labarte says, "the condition of the possibility of the subject." Thus, the constitution of the subject is conceived by him with the help of rhythm in terms of it (de Constitution.
