To express the emotions and feelings that overwhelmed them, expectations and hopes, our ancient ancestors used rhythmic ritual dances. As the person himself and the social environment that surrounded him developed, more and more different dances appeared, becoming more and more complex and refined. Today, even experts will not be able to indicate the name of the types of dances - all performed by people for centuries. However, dance culture, having passed through the centuries, is actively developing. On the basis of folk and classical, new and modern styles and trends appear.
What it is?
Before considering what types of dances are, let's clarify what it really is? The most short-lived and most complex of the arts, in which human body and its plastic possibilities are used to create a unique image - this is a dance.
It is impossible without the personality of the artist and music. Performer based on content piece of music, builds a "picture" of the dance and embodies his vision and sensory perception in motion. This action can be used as a way of social communication and self-expression, a competitive sports discipline and part of a religious cult, as well as a demonstration art form that is constantly evolving and changing. All new styles and forms appear in it, different types dances, the variety of which puts even specialists into a dead end.
History of appearance
The very first dances of people were ritual, performed by them in the hope of a successful hunt or a bountiful harvest, healing the sick or winning a war. Over time, rhythmic movements were generalized, which was the beginning of the formation of ethnic art, which each of the peoples has its own characteristics and traditions.
All the variety of dance steps originated from the main types of human movements - running, walking, jumping, swinging and turning. Over time there were the following types household (for themselves), as well as performed for show - cult and stage.
Main directions
Among the various dance styles and directions can be called the following, the most popular and well-known:
In this article, we will consider in more detail what types of dances are in modern choreographic art.
Beginning and middle of the 20th century
Such a division into two stages is not accidental. According to many performers of the beginning of the last century, dance as an art form was supposed to reflect new reality, and not adhere to the canons of the old ballet schools “frozen” in time. At this time, such choreographic directions arise, which are still popular today, such as:
- Free dance.
- Modern.
- Buto.
- Contemporary (Contempo).
- Jazz Modern.
Let us dwell in more detail on each of them, since they had a great influence on the formation and development of many styles and trends of modern dance art.
free dance
First of all, this is a special worldview of the performer, formed under the influence of Nietzsche's ideas. Performer, denying the canonical rules ballet choreography, sought to combine dance and real life, manifesting itself as a liberated spirit of creativity. It was on the basis of the free style that such trends as modern and butoh, jazz-modern and contemporary were born and developed.
Modern
Arising at the beginning of the century, this dance direction today it is very popular and is one of the leaders in the Western choreographic school.
Just like the free one, he denies any ballet norms and strives to embody various forms on the stage, using new original methods. It is characterized by semantic fullness, a wide range of movements, high jumps and flexibility, “broken” poses and movements unusual for ballet choreography, various twists.
contemporary dance
It is quite reasonable to say that such popular in late XIX and the beginning of the 20th century, styles like free dance and modern, served as the basis for the formation of such a direction as contemporary (contempo). This dance, as an art form, offers the dancer, through various choreographic styles, to demonstrate as fully as possible in improvisation all the inner emotions and resources he has.
Jazz Modern
The main feature of this direction is the combination of jazz improvisational rhythms and energy, coordination and work with the body and breath of a modern performer, as well as movements inherent in classical ballet school. Thus, the body of a jazz-modern dancer becomes another musical instrument that manifests the melody through the plasticity of its own body.
Buto
This is one of the youngest dance techniques that appeared in the fifties of the XX century in Japan. Buto, despite its rather long existence, remains for people today Western world the most difficult to understand. It is based on the cultural, philosophical, religious and aesthetic values of the country rising sun. This dance seeks to show the earthiness of everyday life. ordinary person, as well as comprehend and demonstrate the body and its capabilities in space and time.
Modern dance of the late XX and early XXI century
The whole variety of contemporary dances can, of course, be conditionally divided into two large groups:
- street;
- club.
street dance
Hip-hop and Krump, popping and locking, breakdance and C-walk - all these are the names of the types of dances, "born" not on stages and in choreographic studios, but on the streets and in the courtyards of megacities, discos and clubs.
Most of them are based on hip-hop. The performer is not limited by any form and can boldly improvise and experiment, creating an individual and unique pattern of movements, as well as interact with both other dancers and the public. In a "pure" form, they are extremely rare, and for the most part they began to be performed in clubs, and not on the streets, which is why they often fall into the club category. Here are the most popular and common destinations:
- New style (NewStyle).
- Krump is short for Kingdom Radially Uplifted Mighty Praise, meaning "Empire of the Absolute Power of Spiritual Praise".
- Locking.
- Popping.
- L.A.Style.
- Crip walk (C-walk).
- Brakedance.
- Hip-hop (Hip-Hop).
This is a temperamental, bright and incredible mixture of various modern styles allowing you to express yourself in motion. Everyone, as they say, “on hearing” the name of the types of dances in this direction:
- Tectonic or electro dance.
- House (house).
- Jumpstyle (jumpstyle).
- Melbourne shuffle (shuffle).
- Waacking (waking).
- Go-Go (club Go).
- Square dance (square dance).
- DnBstep.
- Ragga (ragga) and many others.
It is impossible to list all kinds of dances. The list of names of modern styles and trends is constantly changing and supplementing. Today, dancing is not only a plastic art, but also a fairly common sport.
Dance Sport
If in the old days dances were perceived only as an art form, then the complication of technical and choreographic requirements for performance led to the need for an excellent physical form those who do it. Today sports dances are, first of all, ballrooms. Their feature is the execution by partners of a set of certain mandatory movements and figures to predetermined music. Evaluated at the competitions consist of three parts: compulsory, original and free.
Over time, new musical and choreographic styles and trends appear. And now such modern views sports dances like break or locking, jumpstyle or pole dance(pole dancing), attract more and more fans from different age groups. To participate in competitions in these areas, athletes need not only excellent choreographic, but also physical training. For those who do not seek to win international competitions, but try to keep their own body in good shape, fitness classes in various dance techniques can be recommended. Twerk, high heels, go-go, strip plastic, belly dance, zumba, sexy R&B, ragga, booty dance - these are the most popular beautiful dancing. Girls are attracted to them not only by the opportunity to correct the figure, but also to improve plasticity and increase their own self-esteem.
“Dancing has changed a lot. Now I perceive people differently, I have a more cheerful attitude to life and “I don’t worry,” says 41-year-old Marina. - Learning to trust men. I am in charge of the department big company I make my own decisions. By nature, he is more of a leader. The guys at school during class tactfully ask me to “be a girl” and not lead them along. Before, I would have been offended, but now it touches and pleases me. ”
39-year-old Lana, salsa classes help to get to know not only people, but also the world and herself. Together with the team, they traveled half the country for festivals and parties. And it turned out to be normal: to break loose for the weekend and rush to the other end of Russia just to dance. “In any city, wherever I come on business, I have somewhere to go, and there I will be my own. There is no need to even talk about the circle of acquaintances: everyone is represented here - from crane operators to bankers. And at the same time, no one pays attention to the social status, the criterion is different - a convenient partner or not.
For 42-year-old Larisa, moving to music is a source of energy and a way to cope with bad mood: “When I'm sad, I dance. I turn on the song and think: cry, or what? But the rhythm dictates - move. And no more tears. When I need feminine energy to nourish the people dear to me, I dance again. When I feel that I am stupid and blinkered, I take a new style. For example, samba instead of the east, and the body changes its usual movements, leaves the comfort zone, the brain also thinks differently.”
When we dance in a group, the collective unconscious is at work.
Unlike sports, in dance the body develops more harmoniously, the mechanisms of connection and integrity are established, the teacher of the school believes argentine tango Elcentro Ludmila Ilyukhina. “If you dance in a couple or a group, then communication skills, contact and the ability to hear another are pumped, but at a deeper bodily level.”
“If we do something with the body, it is well remembered, and we come out of the experiences of the past. Working with the body, we can only be in the “here and now” moment, where these experiences are processed. Any physical work gives people confidence. I have learned something and I can feel it. Such confidence is hard to take away, - explains the body-oriented therapist Alexei Yezhkov. - In addition, in dancing, the physiological state changes, the hormonal background and homeostasis improve. In the moment physical activity parts of the brain that do not work or are not active enough when we sit in a chair turn on.
Sometimes the dance engages the ancient - reptilian - brain, plunging into a deep trance state. This is especially evident in ethnic dances. “Shamans healed people in this way when, together with their fellow tribesmen, they entered trance states, during which the traumatic material was utilized with their help or with the help of a group. When we dance in a group, the collective unconscious is at work. Together we help ourselves and others to process difficult experiences, at the expense of tangible things that can be fully explained by science, mirror neurons while not voicing the experience.
Not every group is a support group
Any bodily work is useful, Alexey Yezhkov believes: “We are social beings, and most of us need society. A group that works with the body is also a social environment, and participation in it helps our psyche literally acquire the skills of contacting, feeling ourselves and others through ourselves. There is this idea in gestalt: we all want contact, but because of the traumas that have affected each of us to one degree or another, we different ways we interrupt it, we interrupt the rapprochement. We reach out to each other and at the same time unconsciously put various obstacles in the way.
That is why the dance simultaneously shows difficulties in communication in ordinary life- at work, at home, with friends - and helps to see and possibly correct our social gaps. If we want to learn how to communicate, understand a partner, build relationships with a group, we should not go to the gym, where we contact only with pieces of iron, but dance.
“I started training about 10 years ago,” says 29-year-old Sergei. - Then I was still young, green, "wooden", filled with the desire to try something new. And I plunged into this distant and unusual world for me. Here I found a second family, which is always glad to me, helps and supports, and my wife!”
But 38-year-old Elena had a bad experience. “In dance, it is important to praise the beginner. He already knows that he is doing something wrong. I am always very strict with myself, and then there is the coach, who never noticed my successes, but constantly paid attention to my mistakes. It came to tears. But thanks to the partner, he said that tears in tango are normal. And yet, after a while, I left that school. I want to have fun and be inspired, and not cry from resentment.
It happens that the group does not accept the person as a whole, but his skills. “If the skill is not developed, the group slowly begins to terrorize the member. And if he already had a previously sad experience of rejection or bullying, then retraumatization can occur. It is very important to find "your group", where the atmosphere is supportive, which often depends on the coach.
Awakening and healing fear
But sometimes, during the dance, dormant or deeply hidden fears and complexes wake up.
“When West Coast Swing had to change partners, I experienced terrible stress,” recalls 27-year-old Alexandra. - It was scary to hug and hold the hands of another man. I was worried that they were not always invited. At the same time, I clearly understood: the invitation strongly depended on my inner mood. Once I managed to move from a minus state to a plus state: I seemed to become more noticeable on the dance floor, and invitations from partners immediately went.
Dance teaches non-verbal communication not only on the dance floor
Similar stories are told by clients of Alexei Yezhkov. “And we understand that this is not the end of the world, that there will be a different tune, during which they can invite. Finally, it is not necessary to wait until the last invitation for an invitation, but you can take the initiative, come up first or make it clear to a potential partner that you are ready to dance.
Choose a dance and learn to say no
Different dances affect us in different ways. Clinical psychologist, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapist Anastasia Preobrazhenskaya, over 10 years of her own dance practice and work with clients, has developed recommendations for dance therapy. "Any pair social dance- improvisation. A man learns to lead and direct his partner, to listen to her needs. She catches how a man leads, what impulse he wants to give her. The partner must keep the rhythm of the dance and track the boundaries, which is very important.” According to Anastasia Preobrazhenskaya, dance teaches non-verbal interaction not only on the dance floor.
“The dance technique “Isolation” - the ability to move body parts in isolation from each other - allows you to get in touch with your own body, gives it plasticity and teaches flexibility of thinking and behavior. It helps build relationships." And all partner dances in one way or another teach us to be aware of our own boundaries and respect the boundaries of the other.
- salsa and bachata- the two most popular species social Latin American dances. “They are suitable for people with social anxiety who are unable to connect with themselves and with others. There is a lot of improvisation and no memorized schemes. Lots of vitality and sexiness. Salsa and bachata are suitable for people with eating disorders because they radically change their own idea of beauty. “Usually, women who are unhappy with their figure have a rigid image of the ideal of beauty. And they adjust themselves to model thinness. In Latin American culture, forms are valued and how a woman knows how to manage them. A thin woman can do this too.” But those who have experienced sexual abuse should choose these dances with caution: close contact can awaken trauma.
- African dances(this also includes the Cuban rumba) reproduce ritual movements. “They have a lot of life. I advise them to those who have asthenia, anemia, depression. People feel the rush vitality, for which some go to the taiga, raft down the river or choose extreme sports. But all this can be found in dance. In women, especially those suffering from anorgasmia, sexual energy awakens. Men have increased masculinity. This is especially important in contemporary culture where the intellect is preferred over the body. Classes are held under African drums. Vibrations permeate the entire body and trigger deep processes.
- Eastern dance- change ideas about the figure and beauty, help to find contact with the body, train femininity. They work out the deep muscles of the pelvic floor, which are involved in achieving orgasm. Oriental dances are also recommended for women with anorgasmia.
- Rock'n'roll and all its derivatives. This pair dance, but unlike latin, it does not have a sexual context, so it is safe for people with social anxiety and abuse trauma. There is a lot of joy, humor, laughter and energy.
- Argentine tango, which also has a lot of sexuality, but more mature than in salsa or bachata. The dance itself is more intellectual. Close contact looks softer and more accurate. The exact ability to hear and give impulse is important. “This is a very subtle direction that not everyone can understand. A person with a highly developed maturity will see in him a lot for himself and his development. Eye contact plays an important role: you need to meet your partner’s gaze and hold it for a couple of seconds - this will be considered an agreement to the invitation. The skills to give adequate signals and read them correctly will be useful to us in life.
- Dance improvisation and jazz safe and very useful for those who want to carefully enter into dance culture, but has difficulty making close contact due to physical abuse injuries. “I also recommend it to those who have major clinical depression, those who have difficulty with boundaries and who fall into dependent and codependent relationships. Improvisation allows you to throw out all the blocks, experiences, traumas and live them safely enough. After that, the person can gradually move into partner dances.
- Street dancing - hip-hop, break more suitable for men, make contact with their own masculinity and develop self-confidence.
- Flamenco- formally a pair dance, but there is no less individuality in it. The distance between the partners is large, there is practically no close contact. It appeals to vibrations and emotions. This is a dance of passion, it gives confidence, helps to realize oneself as a person, promotes understanding of boundaries. Gives the opportunity to throw out aggression.
In dance, it is important to learn to say “no”, if something in the interaction does not suit you, without this skill it is better not to start practicing. But it is necessary to choose an acceptable tactful form for refusal. Too close distance: "I'm so uncomfortable, let's go a little further." If for some reason you don't want to dance, you can say, "Thank you, I need to rest." “The ability to perceive “no” from another is an indicator of the maturity of a person,” says Anastasia Preobrazhenskaya.
“If you are not ready for changes in how you feel about yourself, changes in life and interaction with the world, then it’s better not to try and start dancing,” sums up Lyudmila Ilyukhina. - I know many examples when people changed not in better side. I think this is due to the fact that, becoming freer and more confident, some showed arrogance. But it means that everything was in them, it was just hiding somewhere, and thanks to the movement of tectonic plates, consciousness was freed and the masks fell off. But, perhaps, this has more pluses than minuses, at least for others.
Five characters
Lowen's bioenergetic analysis, in which Aleksey Ezhkov works, considers five personality character structures. Depending on which of them plays a leading role, a person reacts differently to interaction with others. Which dances of each of them are useful, and which ones need to be more careful? It is important to note that these are not clinical diagnoses. People have several leading structures, but all of them are present to one degree or another.
people masochistic structures useful expression. Twerk would be the right style, plus the pelvis is active. And here schizoid expressive dances can scare. “Such a person needs to be approached with gentle, better paired movements, where there is the least contact. You need to slowly pull him out of the shell in which he hides all his life, but do it very carefully, gradually increasing contact. Schizoids also want physical contact, but this is very scary for them.
Eat rigid character: in women it manifests itself as hysterical, in men - as phallic-narcissistic. Such people are outwardly successful, well socialized, beautiful and bright, there are always a lot of listeners and spectators around them. But they do not feel their needs well. Dancing is good for them, where you can feel yourself through a partner. Or you can choose single or ethnic dances, in which the rigid can immerse themselves.
oral structure manifests itself in the need for attachment. They are easy to recognize: they often eat problems, smoke and drink, compensating for a lack of affection. But you can do it differently by replacing bad habits dancing with a partner or in a group. However, it is important to be aware of this need, otherwise you can get hooked on both the dance and your partner.
psychopathic the structure is very stable. These people can lead others well, gather crowds and halls around, lead people, but they have a painful emptiness inside. Sometimes they even describe it as a "chest hole". Such people hardly reach therapy, so dancing can help them "fill up". And through pair dance, through work with a group, this emptiness can be filled.
"Brazilian Carnival" - Bahia Carnival. Samba schools. Next comes the musical wing. Building a column. In 1840, the first carnival ball was held. Characterized by "electric trios" "Light up" the carnival Trios dominate the carnival in El Salvador. Speakers 14 dance schools « major league". Initially musical accompaniment were Portuguese folk songs.
"Carnivals of the World" - Mask. Jester ship. Costume gold. Representation. amazing world. Carnival start. Folk holiday forms. Celebrated in February. Thoughts. An outlet for people. A little about the carnival. The famous carnival. Carnival masks. Carnival. City merchant corporations. Cologne.
"Flamenco" - There are several versions of the origin of the word "flamenco". Wrists shot up gracefully, The sound of castanets suddenly cut the calm... In a wild outburst of unbridled passion, the insane heart breathes with flame. Verification work. What does the word "flamenco" mean? name musical instruments used in the performance of flamenco.
"History of the Carnival" - The origins of the carnival. Carnival season. Tenerife. Carnivals are celebrated in Venice. Representation. carnival traditions. Carnival in Nice. Masquerade dressing up. The history of the carnival. Costume cult. Mask and carnival costume. Roman Saturnalia. The main law of the carnival. Festive chariot.
"Samba" - Samba in cinema. Queen. Cities. Freedom of choice. Costume. Sambadrome. Representatives. Samba schools. Conditions. Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Roles are distributed. The dancers perform half-naked. Carnival in Brazil. Distribution. Types of samba. Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Open the mind.
"Dances of the peoples of the world" - Samba is bright colors Brazil. Russian dance is characterized by richness, majestic breadth of gesture. Dance "Waltz". Dance appeared a very long time ago at the dawn of mankind. Rock and roll dance. Asia. Dances of the peoples of the world. In Rus', the genre has long been loved musical dance- round dance. Indian dance strikes with its philosophy and plasticity of gestures.
In total there are 21 presentations in the topic
