Bunin's easy breathing is a classy lady. Read for free the book easy breathing - Bunin Ivan

I. Bunin "Easy breathing" - plot and analysis

The composition of the work is unusual and original. The author's intention is conveyed by violating traditional chronological framework storytelling. The text also uses contrast and antithesis techniques. From the first words, a gloomy and sad picture of the cemetery opens before the reader. “... the monuments of the cemetery, a spacious county one, are still far away visible through the bare trees, and the cold wind rings a porcelain wreath at the foot of the cross.” And right there, in contrast to the cemetery landscape, "a photographic portrait of a schoolgirl with joyful, amazingly lively eyes." Life and death, joy and sadness - all this seems to be a symbol of the fate of the main character of the novel.

Further, the author introduces us to the heroine, Olya Meshcherskaya. He describes in sufficient detail her appearance, that extraordinary natural ease with which Olya turns from a girl and beautiful girl. “Without any of her worries and efforts, and somehow imperceptibly, everything that so distinguished her in the last two years from the whole gymnasium came to her - grace, elegance, dexterity, a clear sparkle in her eyes.” The author puts her liveliness and naturalness in contrast with the gray and conventional world. Everyone admires Olya's beauty and charm, her students like her, she has many fans. At the same time, everyone considers the girl windy, many envy her. There were rumors about her that she could not live without admirers, but at the same time she treated them very cruelly. The headmistress of the gymnasium made a remark to Olya about her behavior and appearance, accused her of behaving like an adult woman, and not a student. To which Olya openly stated that she had already become a woman.

The author presents an excerpt from the girl's diary, which tells how her parents' friend Malyutin, a man many years older, seduced her. Olya's easy attitude to life and carelessness led her to a dead end. It didn't take long for her to realize what she was missing. Only later, realizing the horror of the situation, did she feel fear, shame, and disappointment. “I don’t understand how this could happen, I went crazy, I never thought that I was like that! Now there is only one way out for me ... I feel such disgust for him that I can’t survive this! .. ”
Olga's life ends tragically. Malyutin shot Olga at the station. He explained this by saying that he was in a state of passion, because she showed him her diary describing the events and her attitude to the situation. The author does not give his explanations for Malyutin's act. Perhaps he simply could not forgive her hurt pride.

At the end of the story, we again find ourselves in a cemetery. Cool lady Olya Meshcherskaya every holiday comes to visit her grave. This woman lives in a fictional world in which Olya has become for her the ideal of femininity, beauty and tragedy at the same time.
What distinguished Olya Meshcherskaya from the gray everyday world? She radiated cheerfulness and good spirits, courage and happiness. She lived for today and enjoyed every minute of her life. “…But the main thing, you know what? Easy breath! But I have it, - you listen to how I sigh, - is it true, is there? Olya said to her friend. The tragedy of Olya's fate is that, living an easy and carefree life, she forgot about cruel reality society that broke all her dreams.

In the cemetery, over a fresh earthen embankment, there is a new cross made of oak, strong, heavy, smooth.

April, the days are gray; the monuments of the cemetery, spacious, county, are still far away visible through the bare trees, and the cold wind tinkles and tinkles the china wreath at the foot of the cross.

A fairly large, convex porcelain medallion is embedded in the cross itself, and in the medallion is a photographic portrait of a schoolgirl with joyful, amazingly lively eyes.

This is Olya Meshcherskaya.

As a girl, she did not stand out in any way in the crowd of brown gymnasium dresses: what could be said about her, except that she was one of the pretty, rich and happy girls, that she was capable, but playful and very careless about the instructions that she was given by cool lady? Then it began to flourish, to develop by leaps and bounds. At fourteen, she had thin waist and slender legs, breasts and all those forms, the charm of which has never yet been expressed by a human word, were already well outlined; at fifteen she was already a beauty. How carefully some of her friends combed their hair, how clean they were, how they watched their restrained movements! And she was not afraid of anything - neither ink stains on her fingers, nor a flushed face, nor disheveled hair, nor a knee that became naked when she fell on the run. Without any of her worries and efforts, and somehow imperceptibly, everything that distinguished her so much in the last two years from the whole gymnasium came to her - grace, elegance, dexterity, a clear sparkle in her eyes ... Nobody danced at balls like Olya Meshcherskaya , no one ran on skates like she did, no one was looked after at balls as much as she was, and for some reason no one was loved as much by the lower classes as she was. She imperceptibly became a girl, and her gymnasium fame imperceptibly strengthened, and there were already rumors that she was windy, could not live without admirers, that the schoolboy Shenshin was madly in love with her, that she seemed to love him too, but was so changeable in her treatment of him. that he attempted suicide.

During her last winter, Olya Meshcherskaya went completely crazy with fun, as they said in the gymnasium. The winter was snowy, sunny, frosty, the sun set early behind the high spruce forest of the snowy gymnasium garden, invariably fine, radiant, promising frost and sun tomorrow, a walk on Cathedral Street, a skating rink in the city garden, pink evening, music and this in all directions the crowd sliding on the skating rink, in which Olya Meshcherskaya seemed the most carefree, the happiest. And then one day, at a big break, when she was running like a whirlwind around the assembly hall from the first-graders chasing after her and squealing blissfully, she was unexpectedly called to the headmistress. She stopped in a hurry, took only one deep breath, straightened her hair with a quick and already familiar female movement, pulled the corners of her apron to her shoulders and, beaming her eyes, ran upstairs. The headmistress, youthful but gray-haired, sat calmly with knitting in her hands at the desk, under the royal portrait.

When it comes to stories about love, the first person to remember is Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Only he could so reverently, subtly describe a wonderful feeling, so accurately convey all the shades that are in love. His story "Light Breathing", an analysis of which is presented below, is one of the pearls of his work.

Heroes of the story

Analysis " Easy breathing" you need to start with a brief description actors. main character is Olya Meshcherskaya, a schoolgirl. A spontaneous, carefree girl. She stood out among other gymnasium girls with her beauty and grace, and already at a young age she had many admirers.

Alexei Mikhailovich Malyutin, a fifty-year-old officer, friend of Olga's father and brother of the head of the gymnasium. A single, good-looking man. Seduced Olya, thought she liked him. He is proud, therefore, having learned that the girl is disgusted with him, he shot her.

The head of the gymnasium, sister Malyutina. A grey-haired but still youthful woman. Strict, unemotional. She was irritated by the liveliness and immediacy of Olenka Meshcherskaya.

Cool lady heroine. A middle-aged woman whose dreams have replaced reality. She thought of lofty goals and devoted herself to thinking about them with all her passion. It was precisely such a dream that Olga Meshcherskaya, associated with youth, lightness and happiness, became with her.

Analysis of "Easy Breath" needs to be continued summary story. The narrative begins with a description of the cemetery where the high school student Olya Meshcherskaya is buried. A description of the expression of the girl's eyes is immediately given - joyful, amazingly lively. The reader understands that the story will be about Olya, who was a cheerful and happy schoolgirl.

It goes on to say that until the age of 14, Meshcherskaya was no different from other gymnasium girls. She was a pretty, playful girl, like many of her peers. But after she turned 14, Olya blossomed, and at 15 everyone considered her a real beauty.

The girl differed from her peers in that she was not bothered appearance, did not care that her face was reddened from running, and her hair became disheveled. No one danced at balls with such ease and grace as Meshcherskaya. No one was so cared for as she was, and no one was loved by the first graders as much as she was.

In the last winter for her, they said that the girl seemed to have gone crazy with fun. She dressed up like a grown woman and was the most carefree and happy at the time. One day, the head of the gymnasium called her to her. She began to scold the girl for being frivolous. Olenka, not at all embarrassed, makes a shocking confession that she has become a woman. And the boss's brother, a friend of her father, Alexei Mikhailovich Malyutin, is to blame for this.

And a month after this frank conversation, he shot Olya. At the trial, Malyutin justified himself by saying that Meshcherskaya herself was to blame for everything. That she seduced him, promised to marry him, and then said that she was disgusted with him and let her read her diary, where she wrote about it.

Every holiday, her classy lady comes to Olenka's grave. And spend hours thinking about how unfair life can be. She remembers a conversation she once overheard. Olya Meshcherskaya told her beloved friend that in one of her father's books she read that light breathing is most important in the beauty of a woman.

Composition features

The next point in the analysis of "Light Breath" is the features of the composition. This story differs in the complexity of the chosen construction of the plot. At the very beginning, the writer already shows the reader the end of the sad story.

Then he comes back, quickly running through the girl's childhood and returning to the heyday of her beauty. All actions quickly replace each other. This is also evidenced by the description of the girl: she becomes more beautiful "by leaps and bounds." Balls, skating rinks, running around - all this emphasizes the lively and direct nature of the heroine.

There are also sharp transitions in the story - here, Olenka makes a bold confession, and a month later an officer shoots at her. And then April came. Such a quick change in the time of the action emphasizes that in Olya's life everything happened quickly. She acted without thinking about the consequences at all. She lived in the present without thinking about the future.

And the conversation between friends given at the end reveals to the reader the most main secret Oli. It is that she had easy breathing.

The image of the heroine

In the analysis of the story "Easy Breath" it is important to talk about the image of Olya Meshcherskaya - a young charming girl. She differed from other high school students in her attitude to life, her outlook on the world. Everything seemed simple and understandable to her, she met every new day with joy.

Perhaps that is why she was always light and graceful - her life was not constrained by any rules. Olya did what she wanted, without thinking about how it would be accepted in society. For her, all people were just as sincere, good, which is why she so easily admitted to Malyutin that she did not feel sympathy for him.

And what happened between them was curiosity on the part of a girl who wanted to become an adult. But then she realizes that it was wrong and tries to avoid Malyutin. Olya considered him as bright as she herself was. The girl did not think that he could be so cruel, proud that he would shoot her. It is not easy for people like Olya to live in a society where people hide their feelings, do not enjoy every day and do not seek to find the good in people.

Comparison with others

In the analysis of the story "Light Breath" by Bunin, it is no coincidence that the boss and cool lady Olya are mentioned. These heroines are complete opposites of the girl. They lived their lives without attaching themselves to anyone, putting rules and dreams at the head of everything.

They did not live that real bright life that Olenka lived. That is why they have to her special treatment. The boss is annoyed by the girl's inner freedom, her courage and willingness to resist society. The classy lady admired her carelessness, happiness and beauty.

What is the meaning of the name

In the analysis of the work "Easy Breath" it is necessary to consider the meaning of its name. What is meant by light breathing? It was not the breath itself that was meant, but precisely the carelessness, immediacy in expressing feelings, which was inherent in Olya Meshcherskaya. Sincerity has always fascinated people.

This was a brief analysis of Bunin's Easy Breath, a story about easy breathing- about a girl who loved life, knew sensuality and the power of sincere expression of feelings.

In the cemetery, over a fresh earthen embankment, there is a new cross made of oak, strong, heavy, smooth.

April, the days are gray; the monuments of the cemetery, spacious, county, are still far away visible through the bare trees, and the cold wind tinkles and tinkles the china wreath at the foot of the cross.

A fairly large, convex porcelain medallion is embedded in the cross itself, and in the medallion is a photographic portrait of a schoolgirl with joyful, amazingly lively eyes.

This is Olya Meshcherskaya.

As a girl, she did not stand out in the crowd of brown gymnasium dresses: what could be said about her, except that she was one of the pretty, rich and happy girls, that she was capable, but playful and very careless about the instructions that the class lady gives her ? Then it began to flourish, to develop by leaps and bounds. At fourteen, with a thin waist and slender legs, her breasts and all those forms were already well outlined, the charm of which the human word had never yet expressed: at fifteen she was already known as a beauty. How carefully some of her friends combed their hair, how clean they were, how they watched their restrained movements! And she was not afraid of anything - neither ink stains on her fingers, nor a flushed face, nor disheveled hair, nor a knee that became naked when she fell on the run. Without any of her worries and efforts, and somehow imperceptibly, everything that had distinguished her so much in the last two years from the whole gymnasium came to her - grace, elegance, dexterity, a clear sparkle in her eyes ... No one danced at balls like she, no one at the balls was looked after as much as she was, and for some reason no one was loved as much by the lower classes as she was. She imperceptibly became a girl, and her gymnasium fame imperceptibly strengthened, and there were already rumors that she was windy, could not live without admirers, that the schoolboy Shenshin was madly in love with her, that she seemed to love him too, but was so changeable in her treatment of him. that he attempted suicide...

During her last winter, Olya Meshcherskaya went completely crazy with fun, as they said in the gymnasium. The winter was snowy, sunny, frosty, the sun set early behind the high spruce forest of the snowy gymnasium garden, invariably fine, radiant, promising frost and sun tomorrow, a walk on Cathedral Street, a skating rink in the city garden, pink evening, music and this in all directions the crowd sliding on the skating rink, in which Olya Meshcherskaya seemed the most carefree, the happiest. And then, one day, at a big break, when she was rushing around the assembly hall in a whirlwind from the first-graders chasing after her and squealing blissfully, she was unexpectedly called to the headmistress. She stopped in a hurry, took only one deep breath, straightened her hair with a quick and already familiar female movement, pulled the corners of her apron to her shoulders and, beaming her eyes, ran upstairs. The headmistress, youthful but gray-haired, sat calmly with knitting in her hands at the desk, under the royal portrait.

Hello, mademoiselle Meshcherskaya,” she said in French, without looking up from her knitting. “Unfortunately, this is not the first time I have been forced to call you here to talk to you about your behavior.

After dinner they left the brightly and hotly lit dining room on deck and stopped at the rail. She closed her eyes, put her hand to her cheek with her palm outward, laughed with a simple, charming laugh—everything was lovely about that little woman—and said:

I seem to be drunk... Where did you come from? Three hours ago, I didn't even know you existed. I don't even know where you sat. In Samara? But still... Is it my head spinning or are we turning somewhere?

Ahead was darkness and lights. From the darkness a strong, soft wind beat in the face, and the lights rushed somewhere to the side: the steamer, with Volga panache, abruptly described a wide arc, running up to a small pier.

The lieutenant took her hand and raised it to his lips. The hand, small and strong, smelled of sunburn. And my heart sank blissfully and terribly at the thought of how strong and swarthy she must have been all under that light linen dress after a whole month of lying under the southern sun on the hot sea sand (she said she was coming from Anapa). The lieutenant muttered:

Let's get off...

Where? she asked in surprise.

At this pier.

He said nothing. She again put the back of her hand to her hot cheek.

Madness...

Let's go," he repeated stupidly. "I beg you...

Oh, do as you please,” she said, turning away.

The steamer ran with a soft thud into the dimly lit pier, and they almost fell on top of each other. The end of the rope flew over their heads, then it rushed back, and the water boiled with noise, the gangway rattled ... The lieutenant rushed for things.

A minute later they passed the sleepy desk, stepped out onto the deep, hub-deep sand, and silently sat down in a dusty cab. The gentle ascent uphill, among the rare crooked lanterns, along the road soft from dust, seemed endless. But then they got up, drove off and crackled along the pavement, here was some kind of square, government offices, a tower, warmth and smells of a summer district town at night ... The cab driver stopped near the illuminated entrance, behind the open doors of which an old wooden staircase rose steeply, old, unshaven a footman in a pink blouse and frock coat took the things with displeasure and walked forward on his trampled feet. They entered a large, but terribly stuffy room, hotly heated during the day by the sun, with white curtains drawn down on the windows and two unburned candles on the under-mirror, and as soon as they entered and the footman closed the door, the lieutenant rushed to her so impetuously and both suffocated so frantically in a kiss that for many years they later remembered this moment: neither one nor the other had ever experienced anything like this in their entire lives.

At ten o'clock in the morning, sunny, hot, happy, with the ringing of churches, with a market on the square in front of the hotel, with the smell of hay, tar, and again all that complex and odorous smell of a Russian county town, she, this little nameless woman, and without saying her name, jokingly calling herself a beautiful stranger, she left. They slept little, but in the morning, coming out from behind the screen near the bed, having washed and dressed in five minutes, she was as fresh as at seventeen. Was she embarrassed? No, very little. She was still simple, cheerful and - already reasonable.

No, no, dear, - she said in response to his request to go further together, - no, you must stay until the next boat. If we go together, everything will be ruined. It will be very unpleasant for me. I give you honestly that I'm not at all what you might think of me. There has never been anything even similar to what happened to me, and there will never be again. It's like an eclipse hit me... Or rather, we both got something like a sunstroke...

And the lieutenant somehow easily agreed with her. In a light and happy spirit, he drove her to the pier - just in time for the departure of the pink "Airplane", - kissed her on deck in front of everyone and barely managed to jump onto the gangway, which had already moved back.

Just as easily, carefree, he returned to the hotel. However, something has changed. The room without her seemed somehow completely different than it was with her. He was still full of her - and empty. It was strange! There was still the smell of her good English cologne, her unfinished cup was still on the tray, and she was gone... And the lieutenant's heart suddenly contracted with such tenderness that the lieutenant hurried to light a cigarette and walked up and down the room several times.

Strange adventure! - he said aloud, laughing and feeling that tears were welling up in his eyes. - “I give you my word of honor that I am not at all what you might think ...” And she has already left ...

The screen was drawn back, the bed had not yet been made. And he felt that he simply did not have the strength to look at this bed now. He closed it with a screen, closed the windows so as not to hear the bazaar talk and the creak of wheels, lowered the white bubbling curtains, sat down on the sofa ... Yes, that's the end of this "road adventure"! She left - and now it’s already far away, probably sitting in a glassy white salon or on deck and looking at the huge river shining under the sun, at the oncoming rafts, at the yellow shallows, at the shining distance of water and sky, at all this immense expanse of the Volga. .. And I'm sorry, and already forever, forever... Because where can they meet now? “I can’t,” he thought, “I can’t, for no reason at all, come to this city, where her husband is, where her three-year-old girl is, in general her whole family and her whole ordinary life!” And this city seemed to him some kind of special, reserved city, and the thought that she would continue to live her lonely life in it, often, perhaps, remembering him, remembering their chance, such a fleeting meeting, and he would never will not see her, this thought amazed and struck him. No, it can't be! It would be too wild, unnatural, implausible! And he felt such pain and such uselessness of his entire future life without her that he was seized by horror, despair.

"What the hell! he thought, getting up, again beginning to pace the room and trying not to look at the bed behind the screen. “But what is the matter with me? And what is special about it and what actually happened? In fact, just some kind of sunstroke! And most importantly, how can I now, without her, spend the whole day in this outback?

He still remembered her all, with all her slightest features, remembered the smell of her tan and canvas dress, her strong body, the lively, simple and cheerful sound of her voice ... The feeling of the just experienced pleasures of all her feminine charms was still unusually alive in him. but now the main thing was still this second, completely new feeling - that strange, incomprehensible feeling, which he could not even imagine in himself, starting yesterday, as he thought, only an amusing acquaintance, and about which it was no longer possible to tell her now! “And most importantly,” he thought, “you can never tell! And what to do, how to live this endless day, with these memories, with this insoluble torment, in this God-forsaken town above that very shining Volga, along which this pink steamer carried her away!

It was necessary to escape, to do something, to distract yourself, to go somewhere. He resolutely put on his cap, took a stack, quickly walked, clinking his spurs, along an empty corridor, ran down a steep staircase to the entrance ... Yes, but where to go? At the entrance stood a cab driver, young, in a dexterous coat, calmly smoking a cigarette. The lieutenant looked at him in confusion and amazement: how is it possible to sit on the box so calmly, smoke, and in general be simple, careless, indifferent? "Probably, I'm the only one so terribly unhappy in this whole city," he thought, heading towards the bazaar.

The market has already left. For some reason, he walked through the fresh manure among the carts, among the carts with cucumbers, among the new bowls and pots, and the women sitting on the ground vied with each other to call him, take the pots in their hands and knock, ringing their fingers in them, showing their quality factor, peasants deafened him, shouted to him: “Here are the first grade cucumbers, your honor!” It was all so stupid, absurd that he fled from the market. He went to the cathedral, where they were already singing loudly, merrily and resolutely, with a sense of accomplishment, then he walked for a long time, circled around the small, hot and neglected garden on the cliff of the mountain, above the boundless light-steel expanse of the river ... Shoulder straps and buttons of his tunic so hot that they could not be touched. The band of the cap was wet inside with sweat, his face was on fire ... Returning to the hotel, he entered with pleasure into the large and empty cool dining room on the ground floor, took off his cap with pleasure and sat down at a table near the open window, which smelled of heat, but that was all. - still breathed in the air, ordered botvinya with ice ... Everything was fine, there was immense happiness in everything, great joy; even in this heat and in all the smells of the marketplace, in all this unfamiliar town and in this old county inn, there was this joy, and at the same time, the heart was simply torn to pieces. He drank several glasses of vodka, eating lightly salted cucumbers with dill, and feeling that he would die without hesitation tomorrow if it were possible by some miracle to bring her back, to spend one more day with her, this day - to spend only then, only then, in order to tell her and prove something, to convince her how painfully and enthusiastically he loves her ... Why prove it? Why convince? He didn't know why, but it was more necessary than life.

The nerves have gone wild! - he said, pouring his fifth glass of vodka.

He pushed the botvinia away from him, asked for black coffee and began to smoke and think hard: what should he do now, how to get rid of this sudden, unexpected love? But to get rid of - he felt it too vividly - was impossible. And suddenly he quickly got up again, took a cap and a stack, and, asking where the post office was, hurriedly went there with the telegram phrase already ready in his head: “From now on, my whole life forever, to the grave, yours, in your power.” But, having reached the old thick-walled house, where there was a post office and a telegraph office, he stopped in horror: he knew the city where she lives, knew that she had a husband and a three-year-old daughter, but did not know her name or surname! He asked her about it several times yesterday at dinner and at the hotel, and each time she laughed and said:

Why do you need to know who I am, what is my name?

On the corner, near the post office, there was a photographic display case. He looked for a long time at a large portrait of some military man in thick epaulettes, with bulging eyes, with a low forehead, with amazingly magnificent sideburns and the broadest chest, completely decorated with orders ... How wild, terrible everything is everyday, ordinary, when the heart is struck, - yes, amazed, he now understood this, - this terrible "sunstroke", too big love, too much happiness! He glanced at the newlywed couple - a young man in a long frock coat and white tie, with crew cut, stretched out to the front arm in arm with a girl in wedding gauze - he turned his eyes to the portrait of some pretty and perky young lady in a student cap on one side ... Then, languishing with tormenting envy of all these unknown to him, not suffering people, he began to stare intently along the street.

Where to go? What to do?

The street was completely empty. The houses were all the same, white, two-storied, merchants', with large gardens, and it seemed that there was not a soul in them; thick white dust lay on the pavement; and all this was blinding, everything was flooded with hot, fiery and joyful, but here, as if by an aimless sun. In the distance the street rose, stooped and rested against a cloudless, grayish, gleaming sky. There was something southern in it, reminiscent of Sevastopol, Kerch ... Anapa. It was especially unbearable. And the lieutenant, with lowered head, squinting from the light, intently looking at his feet, staggering, stumbling, clinging to spur with spur, walked back.

He returned to the hotel so overwhelmed with fatigue, as if he had made a huge transition somewhere in Turkestan, in the Sahara. He is collecting last strength, entered his large and empty room. The room was already tidied up, devoid of the last traces of her - only one hairpin, forgotten by her, lay on the night table! He took off his tunic and looked at himself in the mirror: his face - the usual officer's face, gray from sunburn, with a whitish mustache burned out from the sun and bluish whiteness of the eyes, which seemed even whiter from sunburn - now had an excited, crazy expression, and in There was something youthful and profoundly unhappy about a thin white shirt with a stand-up starched collar. He lay on his back on the bed, put his dusty boots on the dump. The windows were open, the curtains were lowered, and a light breeze from time to time blew them in, blew into the room the heat of the heated iron roofs and all this luminous and now completely empty, silent Volga world. He lay with his hands behind the back of his head, staring intently ahead of him. Then he clenched his teeth, closed his eyelids, feeling the tears roll down his cheeks from under them, and finally fell asleep, and when he opened his eyes again, the evening sun was already reddish yellow behind the curtains. The wind died down, it was stuffy and dry in the room, like in an oven ... And yesterday and this morning I remembered as if they were ten years ago.

He slowly got up, slowly washed himself, raised the curtains, rang the bell and asked for the samovar and the bill, and drank tea with lemon for a long time. Then he ordered a cab to be brought in, things to be carried out, and, getting into the cab, on its red, burnt-out seat, he gave the lackey a whole five rubles.

And it seems, your honor, that it was I who brought you at night! - the driver said cheerfully, taking up the reins.

When they went down to the pier, it was already blue over the Volga summer night, and already many multi-colored lights were scattered along the river, and the lights hung on the masts of the approaching steamer.

Delivered exactly! said the driver ingratiatingly.

The lieutenant gave him five rubles too, took a ticket, went to the pier... Just like yesterday, there was a soft knock on its pier and a slight dizziness from unsteadiness underfoot, then a flying end, the noise of water boiling and running forward under the wheels a little back of the steamer that was moving forward ... And it seemed unusually friendly, good from the crowd of this steamer, already lit everywhere and smelling of kitchen.

The dark summer dawn was dying away far ahead, gloomy, sleepy and multi-colored reflected in the river, which still shone here and there in trembling ripples far below it, under this dawn, and the lights scattered in the darkness all around floated and floated back.

The lieutenant sat under a canopy on the deck, feeling ten years older.

The Moscow gray winter day was getting dark, the gas in the lanterns was coldly lit, the shop windows were warmly illuminated - and the evening Moscow life, freed from daytime affairs, flared up; cab sledges rushed thicker and more cheerfully, crowded, diving trams rattled harder, - in the dusk it was already clear how green stars hissed from the wires, - dully black passers-by hurried along the snowy sidewalks ... Every evening I was rushing at this hour on stretching trotter my coachman - from the Red Gate to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior: she lived opposite him; every evening I took her to dine in Prague, in the Hermitage, in the Metropol, in the afternoon to theaters, to concerts, and then to Yar in Strelna ... How it all should end, I don’t knew and tried not to think, not to think it over: it was useless - just like talking to her about it: she once and for all dismissed conversations about our future; she was mysterious, incomprehensible to me, our relations with her were also strange - we were still not quite close; and all this endlessly kept me in unresolved tension, in painful expectation - and at the same time I was incredibly happy every hour spent near her.

For some reason, she studied at the courses, quite rarely attended them, but she did. I once asked: "Why?" She shrugged her shoulders: “Why is everything done in the world? Do we understand anything in our actions? In addition, I am interested in history ... "She lived alone, - her widowed father, an enlightened man of a noble merchant family, lived in retirement in Tver, collected something, like all such merchants. In the house opposite the Church of the Savior, she rented a corner apartment on the fifth floor for the sake of a view of Moscow, only two rooms, but spacious and well furnished. In the first, a wide Turkish sofa occupied a lot of space, there was an expensive piano, on which she kept learning the slow, somnambulistically beautiful beginning. moonlight sonata”, - only one beginning, - elegant flowers bloomed on the piano and on the under-mirror in faceted vases, - on my order, fresh ones were delivered to her every Saturday, - and when I came to her on Saturday evening, she, lying on the sofa, over which there hung a portrait of barefoot Tolstoy, slowly, stretching out her hand to me for a kiss and absently saying: “Thank you for the flowers ...” I brought her boxes of chocolate, new books - Hoffmannsthal, Schnitzler, Tetmeier, Przybyshevsky - and received all the same "thank you" and an outstretched warm hand, sometimes an order to sit down near the sofa without taking off your coat. “It’s not clear why,” she said thoughtfully, stroking my beaver collar, “but it seems that nothing can be better than the smell of winter air with which you enter the room from the yard ...” It looked like she didn’t need anything : no flowers, no books, no dinners, no theaters, no dinners outside the city, although, nevertheless, she had favorite and unloved flowers, all the books that I brought her, she always read, ate a whole box of chocolate a day, for at lunch and dinner she ate no less than me, she loved pies with burbot fish soup, pink hazel grouses in hard-fried sour cream, sometimes she said: “I don’t understand how people don’t get tired of it all their lives, to have lunch and dinner every day,” but she herself had lunch and dinner with the Moscow understanding of the matter. Her obvious weakness was only good clothes, velvet, silks, expensive fur ...

We were both rich, healthy, young and so good-looking that in restaurants, at concerts, they saw us off with their eyes. I, being from Penza province, was at that time handsome for some reason, southern, hot beauty, was even "indecently handsome," as one once told me famous actor, a monstrously fat man, a great glutton and clever. “The devil knows who you are, some kind of Sicilian,” he said sleepily; and my character was southern, lively, constantly ready for a happy smile, for good joke. And she had some kind of Indian, Persian beauty: a swarthy amber face, magnificent and somewhat sinister in its thick black hair, softly shining like black sable fur, eyebrows, eyes black as velvet coal; the mouth, captivating with velvety crimson lips, was shaded by a dark fluff; when leaving, she most often put on a pomegranate velvet dress and the same shoes with gold clasps (and she went to courses as a modest student, ate breakfast for thirty kopecks in a vegetarian canteen on the Arbat); and how prone I was to talkativeness, to simple-hearted gaiety, she was most often silent: she was always thinking something, everything seemed to delve into something mentally: lying on the sofa with a book in her hands, she often put it down and looked inquiringly in front of myself: I saw this when I sometimes stopped by her during the day, because every month she did not go out at all for three or four days and did not leave the house, she lay and read, forcing me to sit down in an armchair near the sofa and silently read.

You are terribly talkative and restless,” she said, “let me finish reading the chapter ...

If I hadn’t been talkative and restless, I might never have recognized you, ”I answered, reminding her of our acquaintance: once in December, when I got into the Art Circle for a lecture by Andrei Bely, who sang it while running and as I danced on the stage, I twirled and laughed so much that she, who happened to be in the chair next to me and at first looked at me with some bewilderment, also finally laughed, and I immediately turned to her cheerfully.

It's all right," she said, "but all the same, be quiet for a while, read something, smoke...

I can't be silent! You can't imagine the power of my love for you! You don't love me!

I represent. As for my love, you know very well that apart from my father and you, I have no one in the world. In any case, you are my first and last. Is this not enough for you? But enough about that. You can’t read in front of you, let’s drink tea ...

And I got up, boiled water in an electric kettle on a table behind the sofa blade, took cups and saucers from a nut hill that stood in the corner behind the table, saying whatever came to mind:

Have you read Fire Angel?

Finished it. It's so pompous that it's embarrassing to read.

He was too pissed off. And then I don’t like yellow-haired Rus' at all.

You don't like everything!

Yes, a lot...

« Strange Love!" - I thought, and while the water was boiling, I stood and looked out the windows. The room smelled of flowers, and it combined for me with their scent; behind one window lay low in the distance huge picture riverine snow-gray Moscow; in the other, to the left, part of the Kremlin was visible, on the contrary, somehow too close, the too new bulk of Christ the Savior was white, in the golden dome of which the jackdaws eternally curled around him were reflected in bluish spots ... " strange city! - I said to myself, thinking about Okhotny Ryad, about Iverskaya, about Vasily the Blessed. - Basil the Blessed and Spas-on-Bora, Italian cathedrals- and something Kyrgyz in the tips of the towers on the Kremlin walls ... "

Arriving at dusk, I sometimes found her on the sofa in only one silk arkhaluk, trimmed with sable - the inheritance of my Astrakhan grandmother, she said - I sat near her in the semi-darkness, without lighting the fire, and kissed her hands, feet, amazing in their smoothness body ... And she did not resist anything, but everything was silent. I constantly searched for her hot lips - she gave them, breathing already impetuously, but all in silence. When she felt that I was no longer able to control myself, she pushed me away, sat down and, without raising her voice, asked me to turn on the light, then went into the bedroom. I lit it, sat down on a revolving stool near the piano and gradually came to my senses, cooled down from the hot dope. A quarter of an hour later she came out of the bedroom dressed, ready to leave, calm and simple, as if nothing had happened before:

Where to today? In the Metropol, maybe?

And again the whole evening we talked about something extraneous.

Shortly after we got close, she told me when I started talking about marriage:

No, I'm not fit to be a wife. I'm not good, I'm not good...

This didn't discourage me. "We'll see!" - I said to myself in the hope of changing her mind over time and did not talk about marriage anymore. Our incomplete intimacy sometimes seemed unbearable to me, but even here - what was left for me but hope for time? Once, sitting next to her in this evening darkness and silence, I clutched my head:

No, it's beyond me! And why, why do you have to torture me and yourself so cruelly!

She said nothing.

Yes, it's not love, it's not love...

She called out evenly from the darkness:

May be. Who knows what love is?

I, I know! - I exclaimed. - And I will wait until you know what love, happiness is!

Happiness, happiness ... "Our happiness, my friend, is like water in a delusion: you pull - it puffed up, but you pull it out - there's nothing."

What's this?

This is how Platon Karataev told Pierre.

I waved my hand.

Oh, God bless her, with this Eastern wisdom!

And again, all evening he talked only about something else - about a new production Art Theater, about Andreev’s new story ... Again, it was enough for me that at first I sat closely with her in a flying and rolling sled, holding her in a smooth fur coat, then I entered with her into the crowded hall of the restaurant to the march from “Aida ", I eat and drink next to her, I hear her slow voice, I look at the lips that I kissed an hour ago - yes, I kissed, I said to myself, looking with enthusiastic gratitude at them, at the dark fluff above them, at the pomegranate velvet of the dress , on the slope of the shoulders and the oval of the breasts, smelling some slightly spicy smell of her hair, thinking: "Moscow, Astrakhan, Persia, India!" In restaurants outside the city, towards the end of dinner, when everything was getting noisier all around in tobacco smoke, she, also smoking and getting drunk, sometimes led me to a separate room, asked to call the gypsies, and they entered deliberately noisy, cheeky: in front of the choir, with a guitar on a blue ribbon over his shoulder, an old gypsy in a Cossack coat with galloons, with the bluish muzzle of a drowned man, with his head bare like a cast-iron ball, behind him a gypsy sang with a low forehead under tar bangs ... She listened to the songs with a languid, strange smile .. At three or four o'clock in the morning I drove her home, at the entrance, closing my eyes from happiness, kissed the wet fur of her collar and in some kind of enthusiastic despair flew to the Red Gate. And tomorrow and the day after tomorrow everything will be the same, I thought, - all the same torment and all the same happiness ... Well, all the same, happiness, great happiness!

So January passed, February, Maslenitsa came and passed.

On Forgiveness Sunday, she ordered me to come to her at five o'clock in the evening. I arrived, and she met me already dressed, in a short astrakhan fur coat, astrakhan hat, and black felt boots.

All Black! - I said, entering, as always, joyfully.

Her eyes were joyful and quiet.

How do you know this? Ripids, trikiriyas!

It's you who don't know me.

Didn't know you were so religious.

This is not religiosity. I don't know what... But, for example, I often go in the mornings or in the evenings, when you don't drag me to restaurants, to the Kremlin cathedrals, and you don't even suspect it... So: what deacons! Peresvet and Oslyabya! And on two choirs there are two choirs, also all Peresvets: tall, powerful, in long black caftans, they sing, calling to each other - now one choir, then another, - and all in unison and not according to notes, but according to “hooks”. And the grave was lined inside with shiny spruce branches, and outside it was frost, sun, snow blinding ... No, you don’t understand this! Let's go...

The evening was peaceful, sunny, with frost on the trees; on the bloody brick walls of the monastery, jackdaws resembling nuns chatted in silence, the chimes now and then played thinly and sadly on the bell tower. Creaking in silence through the snow, we entered the gate, walked along the snowy paths through the cemetery - the sun had just set, it was still quite light, marvelously drawn on the golden enamel of the sunset with gray coral, branches in hoarfrost, and mysteriously glowed around us with calm, sad lights inextinguishable lamps scattered over the graves. I followed her, looked with tenderness at her little footprint, at the stars that left her new black boots in the snow - she suddenly turned around, sensing this:

It's true how you love me! she said, shaking her head in quiet bewilderment.

We stood near the graves of Ertel and Chekhov. Holding her hands in her muff lowered, she looked at Chekhov for a long time. grave monument then shrugged her shoulders.

What a nasty mixture of Russian leaf style and the Art Theater!

It began to get dark, it was freezing, we slowly went out of the gate, near which my Fedor meekly sat on the goats.

We'll drive a little more, - she said, - then we'll go to eat the last pancakes at Yegorov's ... Just not too much, Fyodor, - right?

Somewhere on Ordynka there is a house where Griboyedov lived. Let's go look for him...

And for some reason we went to Ordynka, drove for a long time along some alleys in the gardens, were in Griboedovsky lane; but who could tell us in what house Griboyedov lived - there were not a soul of passers-by, and besides, which of them could need Griboyedov? It had long been dark, the trees were turning pink through the hoarfrost-lit windows...

There is also the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent here,” she said.

I laughed.

Again in the monastery?

No, that's me...

The ground floor of Yegorov's tavern in Okhotny Ryad was full of shaggy, thickly dressed cabbies slicing stacks of pancakes drenched in excess butter and sour cream; In the upper rooms, also very warm, with low ceilings, the Old Testament merchants washed down fiery pancakes with grainy caviar with frozen champagne. We went into the second room, where in the corner, in front of the black board of the icon of the Three-Handed Mother of God, a lamp was burning, we sat down at a long table on a black leather sofa ... Fluff on her upper lip was in hoarfrost, the amber of her cheeks was slightly pink, the blackness of the ray completely merged with the pupil - I could not take my rapturous eyes off her face. And she said, taking out a handkerchief from a fragrant muff:

OK! Below are wild men, and here are pancakes with champagne and the Virgin of Three Hands. Three hands! After all, this is India!

You are a gentleman, you cannot understand all this Moscow the way I do.

I can, I can! - I answered. - And let's order a strong dinner!

How is it "strong"?

It means strong. How can you not know? "Gyurgi's speech..."

Yes, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. “Gyurgi’s speech to Svyatoslav, Prince of Seversky:“ Come to me, brother, in Moscow ”and commanded to arrange a strong dinner.”

How good. And now only in some northern monasteries this Rus' remains. Yes, even in church hymns. Recently I went to the Zachatievsky Monastery - you cannot imagine how wonderfully the stichera are sung there! And Chudovoe is even better. I AM last year everyone went there on Strastnaya. Ah, how good it was! There are puddles everywhere, the air is already soft, the soul is somehow tender, sad, and all the time this feeling of the homeland, its antiquity ... All the doors in the cathedral are open, the common people come in and out all day, the whole day of the service ... Oh, I’ll leave I'm going somewhere to a monastery, to some of the most deaf, Vologda, Vyatka!

I wanted to say that then I too would leave or slaughter someone so that they would drive me to Sakhalin, lit a cigarette, forgetting from excitement, but a sexual officer in white trousers and a white shirt, belted with a raspberry cord, approached, respectfully reminded:

Excuse me, sir, we are not allowed to smoke...

And immediately, with particular obsequiousness, he began in a patter:

What do you want for pancakes? Homemade herbalist? Caviar, seeds? Our sherry is extremely good for our ribs, but for the navka...

And sherry for the oil,” she added, delighting me with her kind talkativeness, which did not leave her all evening. And I listened absentmindedly to what she had to say next. And she spoke with a quiet light in her eyes:

I love Russian chronicles, I love Russian legends so much that until then I re-read what I especially like until I memorize it. “There was a city in the Russian land, the name of Murom, in which a noble prince, named Pavel, ruled. And the devil instilled in his wife a flying serpent for fornication. And this serpent appeared to her in human nature, very beautiful ... "

I jokingly made scary eyes:

Oh, what a horror!

This is how God tested her. “When the time came for her blessed death, this prince and princess begged God to repose them in one day. And they agreed to be buried in a single coffin. And they ordered to carve out two coffin beds in a single stone. And they clothed themselves, at the same time, in a monastic robe ... "

And again my absent-mindedness was replaced by surprise and even anxiety: what is the matter with her now?

And so, this evening, when I took her home at a completely different time than usual, at eleven o'clock, she, after saying goodbye to me at the entrance, suddenly detained me when I was already getting into the sleigh:

Wait. Come see me tomorrow night no earlier than ten. Tomorrow is a skit at the Art Theatre.

So? - I asked. - Do you want to go to this "skit"?

But you said that you don’t know anything more vulgar than these “skewers”!

And now I don't know. And yet I want to go.

I mentally shook my head - all quirks, Moscow quirks! - and cheerfully responded:

Ol Wright!

At ten o'clock in the evening the next day, having gone up in the elevator to her door, I opened the door with my key and did not immediately enter from the dark hallway: it was unusually light behind it, everything was lit - chandeliers, candelabra on the sides of the mirror and a tall lamp under the light lampshade behind the head of the sofa, and the piano sounded the beginning of the "Moonlight Sonata" - all rising, sounding further, the more wearying, more inviting, in somnambulistic-blissful sadness. I slammed the door of the hallway, - the sounds broke off, the rustle of a dress was heard. I entered - she was standing straight and somewhat theatrical near the piano in a black velvet dress that made her thinner, shining with its elegance, the festive dress of resinous hair, the swarthy amber of bare arms, shoulders, the tender, full beginning of the breasts, the sparkle of diamond earrings along slightly powdered cheeks, coal velvet eyes and velvety purple lips; glossy black pigtails curled up to her eyes in half-rings, giving her the appearance of an oriental beauty from a popular print.

Now, if I were a singer and sang on the stage,” she said, looking at my confused face, “I would answer the applause with a friendly smile and slight bows to the right and left, up and to the stalls, and I myself would imperceptibly, but carefully, push away with my foot a train so as not to step on it ...

On the skiff she smoked a lot and sipped champagne all the time, staring intently at the actors, with lively cries and refrains, depicting what seemed to be Parisian, at big Stanislavsky with white hair and black eyebrows and dense Moskvin in pince-nez on a trough-shaped face - both with deliberate seriousness and diligence, falling back, made a desperate can-can to the laughter of the public. Kachalov approached us with a glass in his hand, pale from hops, with large sweat on his forehead, on which a tuft of his Belarusian hair hung down, raised his glass and, looking at her with mock gloomy greed, said in his low acting voice:

Tsar Maiden, Queen of Shamakhan, your health!

And she slowly smiled and clinked glasses with him. He took her hand, leaned drunkenly on it and almost fell off his feet. He managed and, clenching his teeth, looked at me:

And what is this handsome man? I hate.

Then she wheezed, whistled and rattled, the hurdy-gurdy stomped skipping polka - and, sliding, flew up to us little Sulerzhitsky, always hurrying somewhere and laughing, bent, imitating Gostinodvor gallantry, hurriedly muttered:

Let me invite you to Tranblanc...

And she, smiling, got up and, deftly, briefly stomping, flashing her earrings, her blackness and her bare shoulders and arms, walked with him among the tables, accompanied by admiring glances and applause, while he, raising his head, shouted like a goat:

Let's go, let's go quickly
Polka dance with you!

At three o'clock in the morning she got up, closing her eyes. When we were dressed, she looked at my beaver hat, stroked the beaver collar and went to the exit, saying, half jokingly, half seriously:

Of course it's beautiful. Kachalov told the truth... "A snake in human nature, very beautiful..."

She was silent on the way, bowing her head from the bright moon blizzard that was flying towards her. I spent a full month diving in the clouds over the Kremlin - "some kind of luminous skull," she said. On the Spasskaya Tower, the clock struck three, - she also said:

What an ancient sound - something tin and cast iron. And just like that, the same sound struck three in the morning in the fifteenth century.

And in Florence, the battle was exactly the same, it reminded me of Moscow there ...

When Fyodor besieged at the entrance, she ordered lifelessly:

Let him go...

Struck, - she never allowed to go up to her at night, - I said in confusion:

Fedor, I'll be back on foot...

And we silently reached up in the elevator, entered the night warmth and silence of the apartment with tapping hammers in the heaters. I took off her fur coat, slippery from the snow, she threw a wet downy shawl from her hair onto my hands and quickly went, rustling with her silk bottom skirt, into the bedroom. I undressed, entered the first room, and with my heart sinking as if over an abyss, sat down on a Turkish sofa. Her footsteps were heard open doors lighted bedroom, the way she, clinging to the hairpins, pulled off her dress over her head ... I got up and went to the door: she, only in swan shoes, stood with her back to me, in front of the dressing table, combing black threads with a tortoiseshell comb long hair hanging down the face.

Everyone said that I don’t think much about him, ”she said, throwing the comb on the mirror, and, throwing her hair back, turned to me:“ No, I thought ...

At dawn I felt her move. I opened my eyes and she was staring at me. I rose from the warmth of the bed and her body, she leaned towards me, quietly and evenly saying:

Tonight I'm leaving for Tver. How long, God only knows...

And she pressed her cheek against mine, - I felt her wet eyelash blinking.

I will write everything as soon as I arrive. I will write about the future. I'm sorry, leave me now, I'm very tired ...

And lay down on the pillow.

I dressed carefully, kissed her timidly on the hair, and tiptoed out onto the stairs, which were already brightening with a pale light. He walked on young sticky snow - there was no more snowstorm, everything was calm and already far away you could see along the streets, there was a smell of snow and from bakeries. I reached Iverskaya, the inside of which burned hotly and shone with whole bonfires of candles, stood in a crowd of old women and beggars on the trampled snow on my knees, took off my hat ... Someone touched my shoulder - I looked: some unfortunate old woman was looking at me , grimacing from pitiful tears:

Oh, don't kill yourself, don't kill yourself like that! Sin, sin!

The letter I received two weeks after that was brief - an affectionate but firm request not to wait for her any longer, not to try to look for her, to see: “I won’t return to Moscow, I’ll go to obedience for the time being, then maybe I’ll decide to be tonsured .. May God give me the strength not to answer me - it is useless to prolong and increase our torment ... "

I fulfilled her request. And for a long time he disappeared in the dirtiest taverns, drank himself, sinking more and more in every possible way. Then he began to recover little by little - indifferently, hopelessly ... Almost two years have passed since that clean Monday ...

In 1914, on New Year's Eve, there was an evening just as quiet and sunny as the unforgettable one. I left the house, took a cab and went to the Kremlin. There he went into the empty Cathedral of the Archangel, stood for a long time, without praying, in its dusk, looking at the faint shimmer of the old gold of the iconostasis and the tombstones of the Moscow tsars, - he stood, as if waiting for something, in that special silence of the empty church, when you are afraid to breathe in her. Leaving the cathedral, he ordered the cab driver to go to Ordynka, he drove at a pace, as then, along the dark alleys in the gardens with windows lit under them, he drove along Griboedovsky lane - and he kept crying, crying ...

On Ordynka, I stopped a cab at the gates of the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent: there in the yard black carriages were visible, the open doors of a small illuminated church were visible, the singing of a maiden choir wafted mournfully and tenderly from the doors. For some reason, I really wanted to go there. The janitor at the gate blocked my way, asking softly, imploringly:

You can't, sir, you can't!

How can you not? Can't go to church?

It is possible, sir, of course, it is possible, only I ask you for God's sake, do not go, there now grand duchess Elzavet Fedrovna and Grand Duke Mitri Palych...

I slipped him a ruble - he sighed contritely and let it pass. But as soon as I entered the courtyard, icons, banners, carried on the hands, appeared from the church, behind them, all in white, long, thin-faced, in a white obruss with a golden cross sewn on her forehead, tall, slowly, earnestly walking with lowered eyes , with a large candle in her hand, Grand Duchess; and behind her stretched the same white line of nuns or sisters singing, with the lights of candles in their faces - I don’t know who they were or where they were going. For some reason, I looked at them very carefully. And then one of those walking in the middle suddenly raised her head, covered with a white kerchief, blocking the candle with her hand, fixed her dark eyes in the darkness, as if just at me ... What could she see in the darkness, how could she feel my presence? I turned and quietly walked out of the gate.

The question of the meaning of life is eternal, in the literature of the early twentieth century, the discussion of this topic also continued. Now the meaning was seen not in achieving some clear goal, but in something else. For example, according to the theory of "living life", the value human existence in himself, no matter what that life is like. This idea was shared by V. Veresaev, A. Kuprin, I. Shmelev, B. Zaitsev. " living life”I. Bunin also reflected in his writings, his “Light Breath” is a vivid example.

However, the reason for creating the story was not life at all: Bunin conceived the short story while walking around the cemetery. Seeing a cross with a portrait of a young woman, the writer was struck by how her cheerfulness contrasts with the surrounding sad environment. What was life like? Why did she, so alive and joyful, leave this world so early? Nobody could answer these questions. But Bunin's imagination drew the life of this girl, who became the heroine of the short story "Light Breath".

The plot is outwardly unpretentious: the cheerful and developed beyond her years Olya Meshcherskaya arouses a burning interest in the opposite sex with her female attractiveness, her behavior irritates the head of the gymnasium, who decides to conduct an instructive conversation for the pupil about how important modesty is. But this conversation ended unexpectedly: the girl said that she was no longer a girl, she became a woman after meeting the brother of the boss and friend of Father Malyutin. It soon turned out that this was not the only love story: Olya met with a Cossack officer. Last planned quick wedding. However, at the station, before her lover left for Novocherkassk, Meshcherskaya said that their relationship was insignificant for her and she would not marry. Then she suggested reading diary entry about your fall. The military man shot the windy girl, and it is with the description of her grave that the short story begins. A cool lady often goes to the cemetery, the fate of the student has become a meaning for her.

Themes

The main themes of the novel are the value of life, beauty and simplicity. The author himself interpreted his story as a story about the highest degree of simplicity in a woman: "naivety and lightness in everything, both in audacity and in death." Olya lived without limiting herself to rules and principles, including moral ones. It was in this simple-heartedness, reaching the level of depravity, that the charm of the heroine lay. She lived as she lived, true to the theory of "living life": why restrain yourself if life is so beautiful? So she sincerely rejoiced at her attractiveness, not caring about neatness and decorum. She also had fun courting young people, not taking their feelings seriously (the schoolboy Shenshin was on the verge of suicide because of his love for her).

Bunin also touched upon the theme of the meaninglessness and dullness of being in the form of a teacher Olya. This “old girl” is contrasted with her student: the only pleasure for her is a suitable illusory idea: “At first, her brother, a poor and unremarkable ensign, was such an invention - she connected her whole soul with him, with his future, which for some reason she looked brilliant. When he was killed near Mukden, she convinced herself that she was an ideological worker. The death of Olya Meshcherskaya captivated her with a new dream. Now Olya Meshcherskaya is the subject of her relentless thoughts and feelings.

Issues

• The issue of balance between passions and propriety is rather controversially revealed in the short story. The writer clearly sympathizes with Olya, who chooses the first, sings in her "easy breathing" as a synonym for charm and naturalness. In contrast, the heroine is punished for her frivolity, and severely punished - by death. From this follows the problem of freedom: society with its conventions is not ready to give the individual permissiveness even in the intimate sphere. Many people think that this is good, but they are often forced to carefully hide and suppress the hidden desires of their own souls. But to achieve harmony, a compromise is needed between the society and the individual, and not the unconditional primacy of the interests of one of them.
• It is also possible to highlight social aspect in the perspective of the novel: a joyless and dull atmosphere provincial town where anything can happen if no one finds out. There really is nothing else to do in such a place, except to discuss and condemn those who want to break out of the gray routine of being, if only through passion. Social inequality appears between Olya and her last lover(“ugly and plebeian-looking, who had absolutely nothing in common with the circle to which Olya Meshcherskaya belonged”). Obviously, the same class prejudices served as the reason for the refusal.
• The author does not dwell on relations in Olya's family, but judging by the feelings of the heroine and the events in her life, they are far from ideal: “I was so happy that I was alone! In the morning I walked in the garden, in the field, was in the forest, it seemed to me that I was alone in the whole world, and I thought as well as never before in my life. I dined alone, then whole hour played, to the music I had the feeling that I would live without end and be as happy as anyone. Obviously, no one was involved in raising the girl, and her problem lies in abandonment: no one taught her, at least by his own example, how to balance between feelings and reason.

Characteristics of heroes

1. Chief and most revealed character short stories - Olya Meshcherskaya. The author pays great attention to her appearance: the girl is very beautiful, graceful, graceful. But little is said about the inner world, the emphasis is only on windiness and frankness. Having read in a book that the basis of female charm is light breathing, she began to actively develop it both externally and internally. She not only sighs shallowly, but also thinks, fluttering through life like a moth. Moths, circling around the fire, invariably scorch their wings, so the heroine died in her prime.
2. The Cossack officer is a fatal and mysterious hero, nothing is known about him, except for a sharp difference from Olya. How they met, the motives for the murder, the course of their relationship - all this can only be guessed at. Most likely, the officer is a passionate and enthusiastic nature, he fell in love (or believed that he loved), but he was clearly not satisfied with Olya's frivolity. The hero wanted the girl to belong only to him, so he was even ready to take her life.
3. The classy lady unexpectedly appears in the finale, as an element of contrast. She never lived for pleasure, she sets goals for herself, living in a fictional world. She and Olya are two extremes of the problem of balance between duty and desire.

Composition and genre

The genre of "Easy Breath" is a short story (short plot story), in small volume many problems and themes were reflected, a picture of life was drawn different groups society.

The composition of the story deserves special attention. The narrative is sequential, but it is fragmentary. First, we see Olya's grave, then her fate is told, then we return to the present again - a visit to the cemetery by a classy lady. Speaking about the life of the heroine, the author chooses a special focus in the narrative: he describes in detail the conversation with the head of the gymnasium, the seduction of Olya, but her murder, acquaintance with the officer is described in a few words. Bunin concentrates on feelings, sensations, colors, his story is as if written in watercolor, it is filled with airiness and softness, therefore the impartial is described captivatingly.

The meaning of the name

“Light breathing” is the very first component of female charm, according to the creators of the books that Olya’s father has. Ease, turning into frivolity, the girl wanted to learn. And she reached the goal, although she paid the price, but "this light breath again dissipated in the world, in this cloudy sky, in this cold spring wind."

Also, lightness is associated with the style of the novel: the author diligently avoids sharp corners, although he speaks of monumental things: true and far-fetched love, honor and dishonor, illusory and real life. But this work, according to the writer E. Koltonskaya, leaves the impression of "bright gratitude to the Creator for the fact that there is such beauty in the world."

One can treat Bunin in different ways, but his style is full of imagery, beauty of presentation and courage - this is a fact. He talks about everything, even the forbidden, but knows how not to go beyond the brink of vulgarity. That is why this talented writer is still loved today.