Gogol began his creative activity like a romantic. However, he soon turned to critical realism opened a new chapter in it. How did the realist artist Gogol develop under beneficial influence Pushkin. But he was not a simple imitator of the ancestor of new Russian literature.
The originality of Gogol was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the county landowner-bureaucratic Russia and " little man”, a resident of St. Petersburg corners.
Gogol was a brilliant satirist who castigated "vulgarity vulgar person”, which ultimately exposed the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality.
This social orientation of Gogol is also reflected in the composition of his works. Outstretched and plot conflict they are not love and family circumstances, but events public interest. At the same time, the plot in Gogol serves only as a pretext for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of characters-types.
Deep insight into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of contemporary life allowed Gogol, brilliant artist words, draw images of great generalizing power.
The names of Khlestakov, Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and others became household names. Even the secondary faces drawn by Gogol on the pages of his works (for example, in Dead Souls): Pelageya, the serf girl of Korobochka, or Ivan Antonovich, the “jug snout”, have great power of generalization, typicality. Gogol emphasizes in the character of the hero one or two of his most significant features. Often he exaggerates them, which makes the image even more vivid and convex.
For the purposes of the bright satirical image Heroes are served by Gogol's careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. So, for example, portraits of the heroes of "Dead Souls" were created. These details in Gogol are mostly everyday: things, clothes, housing of the hero.
If in romantic stories Gogol are given underlined scenic landscapes, giving the work a certain elation of tone, then in his realistic works, especially in "Dead Souls", the landscape is one of the means of depicting types, characterizing heroes.
The subject, social orientation and ideological coverage of the phenomena of life and the characters of people determined the originality literary speech Gogol.
Two worlds depicted by Gogol - folk group and "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism, when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings", in "Taras Bulba", in digressions"Dead Souls"), then it becomes close to live colloquial (in everyday paintings and the scenes of "Evenings" or when the story is about bureaucratic-landowner Russia).
The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common language, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries. Gogol loved and subtly felt folk colloquial speech and skillfully applied all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena. public life.
1) the periodic structure of the phrase, when many sentences are combined into one whole (“Taras saw how the Cossack ranks became vague and how despondency, indecent for the brave, began to quietly hug the Cossack heads, but was silent: he wanted to give everything time to get used to them and to despondency, induced by farewell to his comrades, and meanwhile, in silence, he was preparing at once and suddenly to wake them all, shouting in a Cossack way, so that again and with greater force than before, courage would return to everyone’s soul, which only the Slavic breed is capable of, a wide a mighty rock before others, like the sea before shallow rivers”);
2) the introduction of lyrical dialogues and monologues (such, for example, is the conversation between Levko and Ganna in the first chapter of May Night, the monologues are appeals to the Cossacks of Koshevoy, Taras Bulba, Bovdyug in Taras Bulba);
3) an abundance of exclamatory and interrogative sentences (for example, in the description Ukrainian night in "May Night");
4) emotional epithets that convey the power of the author's inspiration, born of love for native nature(description of the day in the "Sorochinsky Fair") or to the folk group ("Taras Bulba").
Gogol uses folk speech in different ways. AT early works(in "Evenings") its bearer is the narrator. The author puts into his mouth both vernacular (everyday words and phrases), and such appeals to listeners who are familiarly good-natured, characteristic of this environment: “Honestly, I’m already tired of talking! what do you do
The character of a person, his social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol's characters.
The strength of Gogol the stylist is in his humor. Gogol's humor - "laughter through tears" - was due to the contradictions of the Russian reality of his time, mainly - the contradictions between the people and the anti-people essence of the noble state. In his articles on Dead Souls, Belinsky showed that Gogol's humor "consists in opposition to the ideal
life with the reality of life. He wrote: "Humor is the most powerful tool of the spirit of negation, which destroys the old and prepares the new."
Gogol began his creative activity as a romantic. However, he turned to critical realism, opened a new chapter in it. As a realist artist, Gogol developed under the noble influence of Pushkin, but was not a simple imitator of the founder of new Russian literature. The originality of Gogol was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the county landowner-bureaucratic Russia and the "little man", a resident of St. Petersburg corners. Gogol was a brilliant satirist who scourged the "vulgarity of a vulgar person", exposing to the utmost the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality. The social orientation of Gogol is also reflected in the composition of his works. The plot and plot conflict in them are not love and family circumstances, but events of social significance. At the same time, the plot serves only as an excuse for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of characters-types. Deep insight into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of his contemporary life allowed Gogol, a brilliant artist of the word, to draw images of enormous generalizing power. The goals of a vivid satirical depiction of heroes are served by Gogol's careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. So, for example, portraits of the heroes of "Dead Souls" were created. These details in Gogol are mostly everyday: things, clothes, housing of heroes. If in Gogol's romantic stories emphatically picturesque landscapes are given, giving the work a certain elation of tone, then in his realistic works, especially in " Dead souls”, the landscape is one of the means of describing the types, the characteristics of the heroes. The subject, social orientation and ideological coverage of the phenomena of life and the characters of people determined the originality of Gogol's literary speech. The two worlds depicted by the writer - the folk collective and the "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings ...", in "Taras Bulba", in the lyrical digressions of "Dead Souls"), then it becomes close to a live colloquial (in everyday paintings and scenes of "Evenings ..." or in narratives about bureaucratic-landowner Russia). The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common language, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries. Gogol loved and subtly felt folk colloquial speech, skillfully applied all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena of social life. The character of a person, his social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol's characters. The strength of Gogol the stylist is in his humor. In his articles on Dead Souls, Belinsky showed that Gogol's humor "consists in opposition to the ideal of life with the reality of life." He wrote: "Humor is the most powerful tool of the spirit of negation, which destroys the old and prepares the new."
At the beginning of his creative activity famous writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol established himself as a writer who supported the course of romanticism. However, soon the place of romanticism in Gogol's works was taken by critical realism.
Features of Gogol's creativity
The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was largely influenced by Alexander Pushkin. However, one should not assume that Gogol was an imitator of Alexander Sergeevich.
He brought to his works that elusive literary charisma that made them truly unique. The originality of Gogol's language lies in the fact that it was this writer who, for the first time in the history of Russian literature, was able to depict all aspects of the life of bureaucratic landowner Russia and the "little man" who lives in it.
Thanks to the amazing literary talent, Gogol managed to reveal the whole essence of Russian reality of those times. The social orientation can be traced in all his works.
Heroes of Gogol's works
Reading Gogol's works, we notice that most of his heroes are typical - the author specifically focuses on one character trait, often exaggerating it in order to emphasize the hero's virtues or shortcomings as much as possible.
Like literary device in Russian literature was used for the first time.
The originality of Gogol's language
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was not afraid to use common expressions in his works that were characteristic of the inhabitants of the hinterland of the Russian Empire.
As we read The Night Before Christmas, we cannot fail to notice many of the old Ukrainian words, most of already out of use in modern speech. Thanks to this, the author seems to take us to a real Ukrainian village, where we can get acquainted with the life, customs and mores of ordinary people.
The following literary devices are also inherent in Gogol's works:
1. One sentence consists of many simple sentences, some of which are not always connected with each other by meaning. Especially bright this technique traced in the works "Taras Bulba" and "May night or drowned woman".
2. The presence in the works of lyrical dialogues and monologues. Thanks to lyrical monologues, the author reveals to the reader the inner essence of his literary heroes.
3. A large number of words and sentences of increased emotionality.
Gogol was introduced into great literature ("Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka 1831-1832"), which amazed contemporaries with the extraordinary originality of poetic material: "... everyone was delighted with this lively description of a singing and dancing tribe, this fresh pictures Little Russian nature, this cheerfulness, simple-hearted and at the same time crafty. How amazed we were at the Russian book, which made us laugh, we, who had not laughed since the time of Fonvizin!" Pushkin wrote.
The cycle of "Evenings", written over the course of two and a half years, includes the stories " Sorochinskaya Fair"," Evening on the eve of Ivan Kupala", "May night or a drowned woman", which made up the first part of the collection (1831).
Gogol's appeal to the Ukrainian theme was natural: the writer's childhood and youth were spent in Ukraine, he was always interested in Ukrainian culture and literature, he was especially fascinated by oral folk art talented people. It is known with what persistence Gogol collected information about Ukrainian folk customs, rituals, legends, beliefs.
The main object of the image in the "evenings" becomes folk life, and the main character is the Ukrainian people - wise, crafty, freedom-loving, noble, daring and sincerely generous.
real hero books - the people, their character, manifested in fairy tales and legends. Ukrainian fairy tales- terrible and bewitching at the same time, in them goodness is not always rewarded explicitly, but, in the end, retribution comes for all deeds - bad and good. "May Night, or the Drowned Woman" is based on many legends about "restless souls" who died innocently. A beautiful kind lady suffers the bullying of a witch-stepmother. Unable to stand it, she rushes into the pond and becomes a mermaid. Together with other mermaids, she tries to punish her stepmother, drags her into the water, but she is insidious and cunning. The stepmother turned into a mermaid. And the poor lady "cannot swim freely like a fish, she sinks and falls to the bottom like a key." The mermaid asks for help Levko, the son of the head, who does not have happiness. Levko loves the beautiful Galya, but the cunning father of the lad himself has plans for the girl and "does not hear" when his son asks for permission to marry. Levko and the mermaid meet in a dream. Pannochka tells the guy about her stepmother and asks: "Help me, find her!" The request turns out to be easily fulfilled: after watching how the mermaids play "at kite", Levko immediately sees one who likes to be an evil and predatory kite, which is not so transparent and pure, "something turns black inside her." A grateful pannochka helps Levka to connect his life with his beloved girl. The story told by Gogol is permeated with lyricism, Ukrainian songs, and is shrouded in poetic sadness. There is a lot of kindness in it and there is no Christian intransigence towards suicides. They are not cursed, they are unhappy. N.V. Gogol grew up in the atmosphere of the Ukrainian song and fairy tale, perfectly conveyed it in his books, managed to captivate readers with the poetry of Little Russian folk legends.
A feature of stories about Ukrainian life is a masterful combination of the real and the fantastic. Gogol's fantasy is based on the fantasy of folklore, so witches, mermaids and sorcerers living and acting next to people are not so much scary as funny, and the main motive of "Evenings" is the victory of the earthly, human over the mysterious, otherworldly.
Gogol began his creative activity as a romantic. However, he turned to critical realism, opened a new chapter in it. As a realist artist, Gogol developed under the noble influence of Pushkin, but was not a simple imitator of the founder of new Russian literature.
The originality of Gogol was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the county landowner-bureaucratic Russia and the "little man", a resident of St. Petersburg corners.
Gogol was a brilliant satirist who scourged the "vulgarity of a vulgar person", exposing to the utmost the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality.
The social orientation of Gogol is also reflected in the composition of his works. The plot and plot conflict in them are not love and family circumstances, but events of social significance. At the same time, the plot serves only as an excuse for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of characters-types.
Deep insight into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of his contemporary life allowed Gogol, a brilliant artist of the word, to draw images of enormous generalizing power.
The goals of a vivid satirical depiction of heroes are served by Gogol's careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. So, for example, portraits of the heroes of "Dead Souls" were created. These details in Gogol are mostly everyday: things, clothes, housing of heroes. If in Gogol's romantic stories emphatically picturesque landscapes are given, giving the work a certain elation of tone, then in his realistic works, especially in "Dead Souls", the landscape is one of the means of depicting types, characteristics of heroes. Theme, social orientation and ideological coverage of the phenomena of life and the characters of people determined the originality of Gogol's literary speech. The two worlds depicted by the writer - the folk collective and the "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings ...", in "Taras Bulba ”, in the lyrical digressions of “Dead Souls”), then it becomes close to live colloquial (in everyday paintings and scenes of “Evenings ...” or in narratives about bureaucratic landowner Russia).
The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common language, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries.
Gogol loved and subtly felt folk colloquial speech, skillfully applied all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena of social life.
The character of a person, his social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol's characters.
The strength of Gogol the stylist is in his humor. In his articles on Dead Souls, Belinsky showed that Gogol's humor "consists in opposition to the ideal of life with the reality of life." He wrote: "Humor is the most powerful tool of the spirit of negation, which destroys the old and prepares the new."
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