The heroes of Lermontov and Turgenev - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - people belonging to one social group but living in different time. After the massacre of the Decembrists in 1825, the time came for a generation about which M. Yu. Lermontov wrote: “... in the face of danger, shamefully cowardly and before the authorities, contemptible slaves ...” This is not said about all young and mature - about Pechorin, one can should be spoken of as an extraordinary personality, as a very interesting person. This is how M. Yu. Lermontov shows him when he paints an unusual portrait of Pechorin, talks about his actions (abduction of Bela, a duel with Grushnitsky), about friendship with Dr. Werner, about the only love Pechorin to Vera Lithuanian, about the desire of the hero to find his place in life. Pechorin may or may not like it, but one cannot remain indifferent to him. Someone the hero has his straightforwardness, and someone jars; some like his sincerity, while others see cruelty in it. Two or three episodes from the life of the hero M. Yu. Lermontov remain in the reader's memory as an example of the honesty, decency of the hero, for example, an explanation with Princess Mary, and a duel with Grushnitsky, when Pechorin gives a person a chance to admit his mistakes and avoid a duel. But in the scene of farewell to Maxim Maksimych - cold, cruel - it seems that no one likes Pechorin, and rightly so.
There is essentially nothing to say about Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov ... Posture - this is very briefly about his behavior. But there are moments that deserve the attention of the reader. In a dispute with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is right, arguing that life with its ready-made, historically grown forms can be smarter individual person or groups of people. Pavel Petrovich reproaches Bazarov for contempt for the people, the nihilist parries the reproach: “Well, if he deserves contempt!” Kirsanov talks about Schiller and Goethe, Bazarov exclaims: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet!" etc. But if Pavel Petrovich comes to belittle human personality before the principles taken for granted, then Bazarov asserts his own personality at the cost of destroying authorities.
The youth of Pavel Petrovich passed in the 1830s in an atmosphere of dull reaction, mature years coincided with the period of the "Gloomy Seven Years". He fails to understand the demands new era, views younger generation deeply alien to him. As Turgenev wrote: “Look into the faces of the “fathers” - weakness and lethargy or narrow-mindedness.” Pavel Petrovich considers himself a liberal and a lover of progress. He talks a lot about the public good, but Bazarov is right when he tells him: “... you respect yourself and sit back; what is the use of this? All the principles of Pavel Petrovich come down to one thing: to defend the old order.
Do these people, Pechorin and Pavel Petrovich, have anything in common? What allowed D. I. Pisarev to compare Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov with Pechorin " small size"? First of all, I think, character traits: selfishness, self-conceit, indisputability in judgments, manner of dressing, staying in society ... In matters of principle, one should not, one simply cannot compare Pavel Petrovich with Pechorin.
At the end of the novel, I. S. Turgenev, having told about the stay of P. P. Kirsanov in Dresden, seems to put an end to such a comparison: “... between two and four hours, at the most fashionable time for a walk, you can meet a man about fifty ... elegantly dressed ... This is Pavel Petrovich. Here he gets to know more with the English and with visiting Russians, in conversation with whom he gives free rein to his bile ... He does not read anything Russian, but on his desk there is a silver ashtray in the form of a peasant's bast shoes. It's still noisy..."
That's all. In the preface to the novel A Hero of Our Time, M. Yu. Lermontov offered the reader the following observation: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more curious and not more useful than history whole people." This can be attributed to Pechorin, but not to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, he is not interesting to me. So judge: does the elder Kirsanov look like "little Pechorin"? No, of course not! With all due respect to the judgments of Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev...
Option No. 379573
The answer to tasks 1-7 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Write down answers without spaces, commas and other additional characters; do not copy the answer words from the browser, enter them by typing from the keyboard. For tasks 8-9, give a coherent answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences. Performing task 9, select two works for comparison different authors(in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in the given direction of analysis.
Performing tasks 10-14 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. When completing tasks 15-16, rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text. Performing task 16, select for comparison two works of different authors (in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in the given direction of analysis.
For task 17, give a detailed reasoned answer in the genre of an essay with a volume of at least 200 words (an essay of less than 150 words is scored with zero points). Analyze literary work, relying on the position of the author, involving the necessary theoretical and literary concepts. When answering, follow the rules of speech.
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C17.1. Why two outstanding personalities - Onegin and Tatyana - could not find happiness in love? (Based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin")
C17.2. Do you agree with the opinion of D. I. Pisarev, who claims that Pavel Petrovich is a hero of the Pechorin type? (Based on the novel “Fathers and Sons” by I. S. Turgenev)
C17.3. How are all the heroes of A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" similar?
C17.4. Hero - character - deed in modern domestic prose. (On the example of one of the works.)
To complete the task, select only ONE of the four proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4). Write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the volume is less than 150 words, the essay is rated 0 points).
Expand the topic of the essay fully and multidimensionally.
Argument your theses by analyzing the elements of the text of the work (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).
Reveal the role artistic means important for the disclosure of the theme of the essay.
Consider the composition of the essay.
Avoid factual, logical, verbal errors.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of writing.
C17.1. Why is the theme of the author's farewell to youth, poetry and romanticism heard in the finale of the sixth chapter of A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin"?
C17.2. What does the fate of the gentleman from San Francisco symbolize, and which other writers of the 20th century addressed the theme of “well-fed”?
C17.3. Why did Sophia prefer the inconspicuous Molchalin to the brilliant Chatsky?
C17.4. Why in the work of V. Shukshin the dispute between the city and the countryside was always resolved in favor of the village?
Solutions to Part C tasks are not checked automatically.
On the next page, you will be asked to check them yourself.
To complete the task, select only ONE of the four proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4). Write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the volume is less than 150 words, the essay is rated 0 points).
Expand the topic of the essay fully and multidimensionally.
Argument your theses by analyzing the elements of the text of the work (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).
Identify the role of artistic means, which is important for revealing the theme of the essay.
Consider the composition of the essay.
Avoid factual, logical, verbal errors.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of writing.
C17.1. What gave F. M. Dostoevsky reason to assert that the main character of A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" should be recognized as Tatyana Larina?
C17.2. Can it be unequivocally stated that ideological differences lie at the heart of the conflict between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov? (Based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")
C17.3. Does Margarita look like the heroines of previous literature, or is it new type heroines? (Based on the novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")
C17.4. How is the theme “Man and War” revealed in the work (the work is chosen by the student)?
Solutions to Part C tasks are not checked automatically.
On the next page, you will be asked to check them yourself.
To complete the task, select only ONE of the four proposed essay topics (17.1-17.4). Write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the volume is less than 150 words, the essay is rated 0 points).
Expand the topic of the essay fully and multidimensionally.
Argument your theses by analyzing the elements of the text of the work (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).
Identify the role of artistic means, which is important for revealing the theme of the essay.
Consider the composition of the essay.
Avoid factual, logical, verbal errors.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of writing.
C17.1. How is Tatyana's "Russian soul" revealed in A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin"?
C17.2. Why can Bazarov be called a "reflective nihilist"? (Based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".)
C17.3. How is the humanistic protest of the writer against the inhumanity of war expressed in M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man”?
C17.4. The theme of the revolution civil war in works domestic literature(on the example of one or two works).
Do you agree with the opinion of G. A. Byaloy that "Bazarov's strength in the face of death reaches the proportions of heroism"?
Arguing about the statement of G. A. Byaly, consider the social, political, philosophical views, aesthetic views protagonist of the novel "Fathers and Sons". Show in your reflection the collapse of the nihilistic worldview of Bazarov, who realized that “every person hangs by a thread”, the abyss can open up before him.
Talk about how, faced with the secret of love, nature and beauty, the maximalist hero realizes their eternal value. The real feeling, according to the author of the novel, is always tragic, and it destroys Bazarov. Many researchers agree that the accidental death of an experienced physician is doubtful and death becomes a conscious choice of the hero. A person of this magnitude cannot work in such an insignificant field as a rural doctor. Realizing the impossibility of accomplishing a feat, the nihilist decides to at least die heroically. Bazarov's soul rises to unprecedented heights. When he passes away, he thinks only about people close and dear to his heart. In his words addressed to Anna Sergeevna, the voice of real feeling is noticeable. Now he is not ashamed to express his love for his parents and country. The hero tries to joke about his situation: “The old thing is death, but it’s new for everyone. I still don't mind..."
Remember how sorry the hero I.S. Turgenev about unfinished business: “I fell under the wheel. And it turns out that there was nothing to think about the future. “And I also thought: I’ll break off a lot of things, I won’t die, where: there is a task, because I am a giant.” “Russia needs me... No, apparently, it is not needed. And who is needed? And in his death throes, Bazarov shows his dignity, despite the tragic feeling of doom: “The power, the power is still here, but you have to die!” As an illustration of your thoughts, cite the opinion of D. I. Pisarev, who in the article “Bazarov” argued that “the personality of a merciless denier comes out as a strong personality and inspires respect in every reader.”
Explain how the main character is expressed in the epilogue of the novel. philosophical idea works: "passionate, sinful, rebellious hearts" go away, and Eternal values- love, nature, sky - remain. No matter how passionately the hero wants to change the world, no matter how he denies poetry, love, music, life will take its toll. The memory of Bazarov lies in the "endless life." The greatness of the spirit of the hero was laid down in the intention of the author, who saw central character"Fathers and Sons" "by nature gloomy, wild, big ... strong, vicious, honest", but "doomed to death."
Summarizing what has been said, emphasize that the scene on the grave speaks of the return of original harmony and the reconciliation of the hero's soul with eternity. Comment on F. Nietzsche's statement that strong people must be able to "proudly die when it is no longer possible to live proudly." The courage, self-denial of leading figures and the tragedy of their fate expresses admiration and admiration for them.
I think the critic is right in his assessments. Turgenev deliberately emphasized the image of Bazarov with the help of dialogues. Controversy provides an opportunity to understand life principles actors. The main opponent of the hero is a retired officer Kirsanov. The author confronts two extremes in the novel - the nihilist and the aristocrat, showing the need to search for the golden mean.
Pavel Petrovich is about 45 years old.
He was born at the same time as Lermontov, his personality was formed in the 30s, in an atmosphere that gave rise to "extra" people like Pechorin. Probably, this is what an aged Lermontov's hero would have looked like. In his youth, Pavel Petrovich was also characterized by skepticism, biliousness, "proud contempt" and seething "in empty action." Drawing the image of Kirsanov, Turgenev notes that he was self-confident and mocking, he was waiting for brilliant career, but fatal love changed the fate of the nobleman.
The novel is riddled with ideological disputes. Compositionally in artistically the scene of the dispute between the characters in the tenth chapter is important. Pavel Petrovich proves that only empty and immoral people can live without "principles". It is necessary to be guided by clear rules, even if they have become obsolete. Yevgeny Vasilievich counters by saying that “princip” is a meaningless foreign word. To reproach Kirsanov in contempt for the people, Bazarov frankly explains his attitude towards the ignorant peasant: "Well, if he deserves contempt!"
In the open radicalism of the hero, the author is attracted by the lack of pretense, contempt for grandiloquent phrases and an impulse to practical deeds. Yevgeny is strong in denouncing Kirsanov's conservatism, in criticizing the idle talk and lordly effeminacy of Russian liberals. He rightly remarks that Pavel Petrovich is operating clever words but sits back.
The resolution of the ideological dispute occurs only in the 24th chapter, which tells of a duel between opponents. This episode was a natural consequence of the development of the plot. Already after the duel, Kirsanov Sr. confesses to his brother: “I begin to think that Bazarov was right when he reproached me for aristocracy.” For elderly people, in his opinion, it is time to stop breaking down and think about society, it is necessary to put the fuss aside.
At the end of the novel, Turgenev pronounces his verdict on conservatism, describing how Pavel Petrovich moistened his forehead with cologne and lay down: "... the emaciated head lay on a white pillow, like the head of a dead man ... Yes, he was a dead man." This proposal is the final point in the dispute between the old and the new, which was put by the author himself.
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) -
The heroes of Lermontov and Turgenev - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - people belonging to the same social group, but living at different times. After the massacre of the Decembrists in 1825, the time came for a generation about which M. Yu. Lermontov wrote: “... in the face of danger shamefully cowardly and in front of power contemptible slaves ...” This is not said about all young and mature - Pechorin can and should be spoken of as extraordinary personality, as a very interesting person. This is how M. Yu. Lermontov shows him when he paints an unusual portrait of Pechorin, talks about his actions, about friendship with Dr. Werner, about Pechorin’s only love for Vera Lithuanian, about the hero’s desire to find his place in life. Pechorin may or may not like it, but one cannot remain indifferent to him. Someone the hero has his straightforwardness, and someone jars; some like his sincerity, while others see cruelty in it. Two or three episodes from the life of the hero M. Yu. Lermontov remain in the reader's memory as an example of the honesty, decency of the hero, for example, an explanation with Princess Mary, and a duel with Grushnitsky, when Pechorin gives a person a chance to admit his mistakes and avoid a duel. But in the scene of farewell to Maxim Maksimych - cold, cruel - it seems that no one likes Pechorin, and rightly so.
There is essentially nothing to say about Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov ... Posture - this is very briefly about his behavior. But there are moments that deserve the attention of the reader. In a dispute with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is right, arguing that life with its ready-made, historically grown forms can be smarter than an individual person or group of people. Pavel Petrovich reproaches Bazarov with contempt for the people, the nihilist parries the reproach: “Well, if he deserves contempt!” Kirsanov talks about Schiller and Goethe, Bazarov exclaims: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet!” etc. But if Pavel Petrovich comes to belittling the human personality in front of principles taken for granted, then Bazarov asserts his own personality at the cost of destroying authorities.
The youth of Pavel Petrovich passed in the 1830s in an atmosphere of dull reaction, and his mature years coincided with the period of the “gloomy seven years”. He is unable to understand the requirements of the new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him. As Turgenev wrote: "Look into the faces of the" fathers "- weakness and lethargy or narrow-mindedness." Pavel Petrovich considers himself a liberal and a lover of progress. He talks a lot about the public good, but Bazarov is right when he tells him: “... you respect yourself and sit back; what is the use of this?” All the principles of Pavel Petrovich come down to one thing: to defend the old order.
Do these people have something in common - Pechorin and Pavel Petrovich? What allowed D. I. Pisarev to compare Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov with Pechorin of “small size”? First of all, I think, character traits: selfishness, self-conceit, indisputability in judgments, manner of dressing, staying in society ... In matters of principle, one should not, one simply cannot compare Pavel Petrovich with Pechorin.
At the end of the novel, I. S. Turgenev, speaking about P. P. Kirsanov’s stay in Dresden, seems to put an end to such a comparison: “... between two and four hours, at the most fashionable time for a walk, you can meet a person about fifty years old ... elegantly dressed ... This is Pavel Petrovich. Here he knows more with the British and with the visiting Russians, in conversation with whom he gives free rein to his bile ... He does not read anything Russian, but on his desk there is a silver ashtray in the form of a peasant's bast shoes. It's still noisy…”
That's all. In the preface to the novel A Hero of Our Time, M. Yu. Lermontov offered the reader the following observation: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more curious and more useful than the history of a whole people.” This can be attributed to Pechorin, but not to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, he is not interesting to me. So judge: does the elder Kirsanov look like “little Pechorin”? No, of course not! With all due respect to the judgments of Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev...
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