- Visually imagine a picture that is contained in just one phrase: "The river has not yet frozen, and its leaden waves blackened sadly in the monotonous banks covered with white snow." Describe the epithets that are used here.
- Carefully read the description of the Belogorsk fortress and compare it with the imaginary fortress that Petrusha expected to see. How could the idea of a mighty fortress be formed in the minds of a minor?
- Describe the first appearance of a new officer at the fortress commandant's. With what feeling does the narrator describe this scene? How does this description relate to the second epigraph of the chapter (“Old people, my father”)? Recall that these are words from D. I. Fonvizin's "Undergrowth". Who says this line in comedy?
- Give portraits of those "old people" whom Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress.
- Those who wish can prepare a story - a genre sketch of the life of the Belogorsk fortress in peacetime.
- Read carefully short description landscape, opening from the window of the hut of Semyon Kuzov, to which Grinev was assigned at the post. What role does this description play in the chapter?
- Describe the participants in the conversation about Pugachev and his uprising. What was the main topic of this conversation?
Lead waves create a sharp contrast with the white shores covered with snow. Before us is a landscape of the beginning of winter, depicted graphically. It is very reminiscent of an engraving, and its outlines create an unsettling mood. Before the viewer, not only the colors of the beginning of winter appear, but also a certain mood is created. So, the epithet lead conveys the heavy movement of freezing water.
Petrusha did not read much, but even in the fairy tales that he could hear from his mothers and nannies, there were fairy-tale palaces and impregnable fortresses. They are always drawn in our minds as mighty, built of powerful stones and leaving their walls and towers up. It is worth imagining such a fortress for a moment, and then re-reading the description of a poor and neglected structure, which was the Belogorsk fortress. At the same time, you will immediately feel the strength of the disappointment that should have seized Petrusha.
Let's not forget that the narration in the story is conducted on behalf of Pyotr Grinev, who has matured and recalls his youth. The scene of the appearance of Petrusha at the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress is described with a feeling of sympathy and a slight smile of the elder over the naive undergrowth, who found himself in a new environment. The simplicity and patriarchy of the life of the inhabitants of the fortress evoke emotion and help to immediately appreciate the new participants in the events of the story. They are indeed "old people". But such a definition does not detract from their dignity. The patriarchal nature of life, the steadfast adherence to customs only support the atmosphere of sympathy that arises when reading.
There is no irony in the epigraph to the chapter. Let us remind you that these are the words of Mrs. Prostakova from the comedy "Undergrowth" (act three, scene V).
The story about the people that Pyotr Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress can be told in the order of their appearance on the pages of the chapter. The first was an "old disabled person" who, sitting on a table, sewed on a patch on the elbow of a green uniform. He immediately said to the newcomer: "Come in, father, our houses."
The “old woman in a padded jacket,” who, together with the “crooked old man in an officer’s uniform,” unwound the threads, was Vasilisa Yegorovna, the commandant’s wife, the main person in this provincial little world.
She tells Grinev about Shvabrin and summons police officer Maksimych, a young and stately Cossack.
Grinev is getting used to his new environment. It becomes obvious to the reader that the relations of people in the Belogorsk fortress are completely determined by the words from The Undergrowth.
The story about the peaceful course of life in the Belogorsk fortress may well coincide with the retelling Chapter III"Fortress". It is worth talking about a very modest strengthening, patriarchal way of life, and about the inextricable connection with official decisions, which are still made in peacetime, about how the military service is going. You can enter into this story, for example, a description of how the hut was chosen for Grinev to live. “Take Pyotr Andreevich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden. Here is the motive for the standing of the newly arrived officer. material from the site
The place where Grinev was assigned to live was on the very edge of the fortress, on the high bank of the river. “A sad steppe stretched out before me. Several huts stood askew; Several chickens were wandering around the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, who answered her with friendly grunts. This description prepared the reader for the realization of the state of the young officer: “And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth!”
The conversation about the uprising went on at dinner and was of the most casual character. At the same time, all participants in this conversation touched upon the topic of military danger only in passing, not considering that trouble could threaten their fortress. Vasilisa Egorovna's courage and the fact that Masha is a big coward were discussed in much more detail.
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Belgorod fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unattractive appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that active hostilities do not take place here, the service goes on calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Yegorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all the affairs of her husband, the situation in the fortress is almost homely. This made a depressing impression on Grinev.
How to explain such a "family" nature of relations between people in the fortress?
This was due to the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife. These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without ceremony, and most of the soldiers were local residents. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline was not required, since minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.
Tell us about its inhabitants.
Ivan Kuzmich, the commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a share of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks, we learn that the captain "does not know" in the service, respectively, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Vasilisa Egorovna Shvabrin calls "a beautiful lady."
We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for the fifth year, is here as a punishment for a duel that ended in death. Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, he manages to do this. In this chapter, he is characterized as a witty, cheerful person.
Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (does not tolerate firing from cannons), brought up in the old traditions, not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but regret it only because it may prevent their daughter from getting married).
What is the meaning of the soldier's song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?
Recall that the epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author's position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, as the narration is conducted on behalf of the protagonist. The author ironically uses the following epigraph: the Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is actually here.
The second quote from Fovizin's "Undergrowth" also sets the reader in an ironic mood: " strange people” in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.
What are your impressions of each of the characters?
The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading. But impressions about each of them have already developed.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is no longer a young commandant of the fortress, he does not keep a strict order, since, apparently, he considers it optional. He listens to his wife.
Vasilisa Egorovna is a very skillful housekeeper, she knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the fate of other people.
Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, brought up in patriarchal family perceives his lifestyle as natural.
Shvabrin evoked an ambivalent feeling. On the one hand, it's hilarious witty man. On the other hand, Grinev's remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming. It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.
Chapter III. Fortress
What was the Belgorod fortress, the orders established in it?
The Belgorod fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unattractive appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that active hostilities do not take place here, the service goes on calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Yegorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all the affairs of her husband, the situation in the fortress is almost homely. This made a depressing impression on Grinev.
How to explain such a "family" nature of relations between people in the fortress?
This was due to the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife. These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without ceremony, and most of the soldiers were local residents. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline was not required, since minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.
Tell us about its inhabitants.
Ivan Kuzmich, the commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a share of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks, we learn that the captain "does not know any sense" in the service, respectively, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Vasilisa Egorovna Shvabrin calls "a beautiful lady."
We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for the fifth year, is here as a punishment for a duel that ended in death. Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, he manages to do this. In this chapter, he is characterized as a witty, cheerful person.
Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (does not tolerate firing from cannons), brought up in the old traditions, not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but regret it only because it may prevent their daughter from getting married).
What is the meaning of the soldier's song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?
Recall that the epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author's position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, as the narration is conducted on behalf of the protagonist. The author ironically uses the following epigraph: the Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is actually here.
The second quote from Fovizin's "Undergrowth" also sets the reader in an ironic mood: "strange people" in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.
What are your impressions of each of the characters?
The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading. But impressions about each of them have already developed.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is no longer a young commandant of the fortress, he does not keep a strict order, since, apparently, he considers it optional. He listens to his wife.
Vasilisa Egorovna is a very skillful housekeeper, she knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the fate of other people.
Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, brought up in a patriarchal family, perceives her way of life as natural.
Shvabrin evoked an ambivalent feeling. On the one hand, this is a cheerful, witty person. On the other hand, Grinev's remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming. It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.
Goes to the place of his future service. As much as the road from Simbirsk to Orenburg was full of turbulent experiences and unusual incidents, so much the way from Orenburg to the Belogorsk fortress was dull and monotonous. If the steppe before Orenburg was rebellious and formidable (remember the snowstorm), now it appears calm and sad. "The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river had not yet frozen over, and its leaden waves blackened sadly in the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Beyond them stretched the Kyrgyz steppes." Only the word "stretched" allows us to imagine the vast, tedious in its monotony space beyond the Yaik River. Few colors: White snow and blackening "lead waves". So in a few words Pushkin conveys the mood of the sad winter Orenburg steppe. Road reflections of the young traveler are sad. The words of General R. - "you will be in the team of Captain Mironov, kind and an honest man. There you will be in the service of a real one, you will learn discipline "- they forced Grinev to imagine the future boss as a strict, angry old man who knows nothing but his service. And yet Grinev is waiting for new impressions - he is going to the fortress! "I looked at everything side, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and ramparts. However, instead of formidable bastions, he saw log fences, instead of towers - stacks of hay and a crooked mill with popular, lazily lowered wings. What did it remotely resemble a fortress? An old cast-iron cannon at the gate .
At the commandant's house, Grinev was met by the duty officer, an old invalid who "sewed a blue patch on the elbow of his green uniform." It can be seen that the "old woman in a quilted jacket", as it turned out, is the commander's wife: "Ivan Kuzmich is not at home, he went to visit Father Gerasim; but anyway, father, I am his mistress." How does the comic image of the "commandant's mistress" deepen? She interrupts Ivan Ignatievich, herself starts a conversation with young Grinev and immediately begins to talk about officer Shvabrin, who is still unknown to Grinev. But Vasilisa Yegorovna at the same time attracts the reader with cordiality and hospitality. She affectionately meets an unfamiliar officer: "I ask you to love and favor. Sit down, father." She decisively interrupts Ivan Ignatievich's curiosity: "You see, the young man is tired from the road, he is not up to you ..."
Vasilisa Egorovna's dialogue regarding Grinev's device is interesting. But her master's actions are not fair. We see for what reasons Grinev ends up in an apartment with Semyon Kuzov, and not with Ivan Polezhaev. Vasilisa Egorovna manages the fortress at her own discretion, uncontrollably sorts out minor quarrels, and is cool in decisions.
Before us is the life of a small abandoned fortress, in which there is nothing military, except for a single cannon, an officer's diploma hanging on the wall in a frame under glass, and well-worn uniforms on a disabled person and Ivan Ignatievich. Grinev's new acquaintances are slightly comical, and we cannot help but smile when reading about them, as they do not coincide with our ideas about military people. The most "fighting" of them is Vasilisa Yegorovna, and this enhances the comedy of the picture of the captain's house. But it is impossible not to notice: something good-natured, open, ingenuous bribes us in the Mironovs.
And how does Grinev's first day in the fortress end? He goes to Semyon Kuzov's house. Everything tells him that life in the fortress will be dull, joyless. "... I began to look out of a narrow window. A sad steppe stretched before me. Several huts stood obliquely; several hens wandered along the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called the pigs, who answered her with a friendly grunt. And this is the direction I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me ... "- writes Grinev.
We see that the landscape with which the chapter begins and ends has played big role in the idea of the Belogorsk fortress, which was created in our mind. Pay attention to important feature Pushkin's language: the landscapes are unusually stingy, laconic, as are the descriptions of people's moods. Pushkin, as it were, gives the reader the opportunity to complete in his imagination what surrounds Grinev, to imagine him state of mind, expressed in the words: "longing took me", "I moved away from the window and went to bed without dinner."
How do Grinev's impressions of the fortress and its inhabitants expand on the second day of his stay in it? Grinev notices the poverty and wretchedness of the fortress, the weakness of its military training. He saw on the site the commandant of the fortress, who trained the soldiers. They were old invalids dressed in shabby uniforms. Vasilisa Yegorovna says to the commandant: “It’s only glory that you teach soldiers: they are not given service, and you don’t know any sense in it. If you would sit at home and pray to God, it would be better.” Important detail: Ivan Kuzmich commands soldiers "in a cap and a Chinese robe."
We are in Once again we are convinced that the fortress, which was destined to take the blow of the rebels, was abandoned, poorly equipped, infinitely peaceful. In the wooden house of the Mironovs Life is going in their turn, a small circle gathers, they have lunch, dinner, gossip. “In the God-saved fortress there were no reviews, no exercises, no guards,” recalls Grinev (ch. IV). No one controls the actions of the commandant, no one thinks about the military equipment of the fortress. General R. in Orenburg is more busy with his apple orchard than with military affairs. Meanwhile, events of great importance are brewing in the area of the Belogorsk fortress.
Grinev arrives at the fortress in the deep autumn of 1773. Are there any hints in the story that the general excitement of the local regions reaches the log fence of the Belogorsk fortress? Vasilisa Yegorovna asks a constable under Grinev, a Cossack Maksimych: "Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?" “Everything, thank God, is quiet,” the Cossack replies. And how is the appearance of the constable portrayed? This is a "young and stately Cossack." In the garrison, we know, there were soldiers and Cossacks. What comparison begs? The commandant had only disabled people at the training, and among the Cossacks there were strong and young people who were able to fight. Maksimych is connected with the Cossacks, he will be in the ranks of the rebels. And here is another detail: Vasilisa Yegorovna says that she is used to the fact that "lynx hats" appear in large crowds in the steppe. They appeared and now, "near the fortress they are prowling."
Left behind a great literary heritage. All his works are wonderful and we read them with pleasure. Recently, in literature, we met with. It consists of fourteen parts. Today we will analyze the third chapter famous work Pushkin Captain's daughter. This chapter is called Fortress. What does it represent Belogorsk fortress in the work of Pushkin and what orders were established there?
What was the Belogorsk fortress and the order established in it?
Let's turn to the text. When main character arrived at the Belogorsk fort, he did not see impregnable and formidable bastions there, and there was no strict boss there. Grinev did not see the fortress or a brave army with weapons in their hands, just as he did not find cannons that would be placed on the walls. What appeared before his eyes?
Arriving at the place, Grinev sees the village. She was lost in the steppe and was surrounded by a fence made of logs. Many of them were already rotten, but this did not bother the local inhabitants. All because in this place very rarely passed fighting, and the rare unrest of the gangs of the Kirghiz did not carry danger. The village had an unsightly appearance, with its crooked streets, low thatched houses. The commandant met Grinev, who could easily go to the exercises not in the uniform of the chief, but in an ordinary dressing gown. The army was represented by disabled soldiers, those who had long since left military age. A completely undefended fortress, on whose territory there was only one old cannon.
But, despite the strange reality, Grinev liked the inhabitants. He met wonderful people I could see the beauty of their lives. Someone might have wished for another society in the fortress, but the young man wrote in his notes that he did not need another society. The guy likes sincere conversations with people. All orders on the territory of the fortress are built in a home-style. Explain such family character relations that have been established between people living in the fortress is not difficult. The commandant's wife is in charge there, the military themselves are former peasants, and the absence of a military threat dictates a homely mood.
What are your impressions of each of the characters?
Reading the Fortress chapter, only good impressions remain about almost every hero. Here is the commandant Kuzmich, an experienced soldier who, in his old age, already wants peace. We also get to know his wife, who manages everything in the fortress. Her name is Vasilisa Egorovna. She is a clever, curious and even lively woman who skillfully managed the household. She was a pious, domineering person. Lives in the old style.
Masha is Kuzmich's daughter, a sweet girl, a little shy. Although she was not very smart, she was an honest and decent girl. Our hero falls in love with her.
In the third part, we also meet Shvabrin. Here it causes negative emotions, especially when you read Pushkin's work further. Shvabrin was a dishonest officer who could easily backstab. This is a person who can even slander, just to achieve his goals.
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Summary the fifth chapter of the work "The Captain's Daughter"
Summary - Analysis of the fourth chapter of the work "The Captain's Daughter"
