A character in a series of novels by an American writer. North American Mohican Indian. A young leader, a brave and fair warrior, respected by friends, inspires fear in enemies, kind and wise.
History of creation
Fenimore Cooper - 19th writer century. Then the type of "noble savage" was widespread in the literature. Chingachgook refers just to him.
In that era, there was an opinion that people who had never encountered modern civilization, have some innate nobility and virtue that distinguishes them from the "spoiled" civilized man. Idealized characters of this type were displayed in the literature of the era of romanticism, which includes the work of Fenimore Cooper.
In addition to Cooper's noble Indians, Thomas Main Reed's chief Osceola is shown as such, a character named Queequeg in Herman Melville's Moby Dick. The image of the "noble savage" continues to live in popular culture and in last time was embodied in the Avatar film series, where aliens are presented in this vein.
Last of the Mohicans
"The Last of the Mohicans" - the second and most famous novel Fenimore Cooper about the white hunter Nathaniel Bumpo and the Indian Chingachgook. The heroes are trying to save two daughters of one of the British commanders. The girls ended up on the territory of the English fort just at the time when the Indians with tacit consent allied French massacre there. Trying to save the eldest of the sisters, the only son of Chingachgook dies, leaving the hero "the last of the Mohicans."
No less famous is the novel "St. In this, the hero is helped by the same hunter Bumpo, who was nicknamed St. John's wort. Bumpo is accompanied by a fellow traveler - Harry March, who wants to get attention from the beautiful Judy Hatter. Judy lives on the lake with her old father and younger sister. At the end of the book, the reader is in for a lot of tragic moments, but Chingachgook still manages to return the bride, who later becomes the hero's wife.
Beloved Chingachguk stands out among her fellow tribesmen with a beautiful, pleasant and quiet voice, for which she received the name. Wa-Ta-Wa is the Delaware word for "quiet, quieter." The heroine possessed, in addition to charming voice, sharp mind and beauty. She gave birth to Chingachguk's only son, who was named Uncas.
In the third novel, The Pathfinder, Chingachgook and Nathaniel Bumpo help the sailor Charles and his young niece Mabel get to the fortress on the shores of Lake Ontario, where the girl's father serves.
Cooper wrote and published the book The Pioneers, the first in the series, but according to internal chronology, this novel is the fourth. The novel, in particular, describes how Chingachgook died. The hero who lived through so much dangerous adventures, dies peacefully as an old man, after which Nathanael Bumpo, a friend of the Indians, sets off to look for new lands in the west.
Screen adaptations
In 1990, the director's two-part film "St. John's Wort" was released in the USSR. The film is based on the novel by Fenimore Cooper. The role of Chingachguk is played by Georgy Pitskhelauri, and another actor is voiced by.
In the film, Chingachgook's beloved Wa-Ta-Wa fell into the hands of people from a hostile tribe. The hero, in order to free the woman, resorts to the help of a friend - white hunter Nathaniel Bumpo, nicknamed St. John's wort, drawing him into a military conflict between Indian tribes.
The film gives an idealized picture of the life of the prairie Indians, shows how the first European colonists lived in North America, how their relationship with the indigenous inhabitants of this land was built. The film shows the point of view of both.
Before that, in 1967, another adventure western based on the novel "St. John's Wort" was released in the GDR under the name "Chingachgook - Big Serpent". The role of Chingachgook was played by a Yugoslav actor and stuntman who became famous for the roles of the Indians. In 1983, the actor played the leader White Feather in the film of the same name, before that - the Indian Vigilant Falcon from the westerns "White Wolves" and "Trace of the Falcon". In total, Gojko Mitic starred in 13 westerns filmed by the German film studio DEFA. In the Russian dub, Chingachgook was voiced by an actor.
Here the Indians find themselves pawns in the war between Britain and France. The British want to take over French colonies in North America. Alien troops set the local tribes against each other. The French turned the Huron tribe against the Delaware tribe. Chingachgook's bride, Wa-Ta-Wa, the leader's daughter, falls into the hands of the Hurons. The hero, together with a friend, a white hunter nicknamed St. John's wort, is going to free the girl.
Released in 1992 American film adaptation novel "The Last of the Mohicans" under the same name. Directed by Michael Mann. The role of Chingachgook was played by actor Russell Means, an Indian by origin, public figure and rights activist.
The script of the film differs significantly from Cooper's novel. The plot is as follows: the Indians of the Huron tribe attack a military escort, which accompanies the daughters of an English colonel on the way to the fort. Chingachgook and his son Uncas, along with Hawkeye, a white hunter who became Chingachgook's adopted son, set off for a port besieged by the French to rescue women and help the surviving British.
Having penetrated the fort, the heroes learn that a traitor has wound up in the camp of the British - this is an Indian, an escort guide. The military authorities refuse to provide reinforcements to the British, and the fort has to be surrendered. Women again find themselves in the hands of the Hurons. Chingachgook and Hawkeye try to save them, but a tragic ending awaits many of the heroes of the tape.
Quotes
Many people remember the phrases of Chingachgook from Soviet film"St. John's wort":
“- And what is this mug?
- It's not a mug! This is the Great Serpent. He brings butterflies to life!
“- She [Wa-Ta-Wa] is so young, fragile, tender, she cannot be treated roughly.
- But Chingachgook loves Wa-Ta-Wa very much.
- Promise that you will never beat her, never force her to carry heavy loads, chop wood, tan hides, reap bread, give birth to many children. She's so...
“Why is she needed then?”
There are probably few people in the world who would be indifferent to adventure. For me, both their literary version and the exciting action on the screen have always aroused genuine interest. I would like to single out in particular that part of them related to the American Far West. Westerns, where the main character is not a cowboy, but an Indian gave rise to a whole generation of lovers and connoisseurs of this subgenre of cinema. Thanks to the showing of East German Westerns in the USSR, they gained wide popularity among our public and received almost a cult status.
The plot scheme, which is a conflict of interests of people, is of course as old as the world, but transferred and applied to the world of the Indians North America, is able to give a new product that may be of interest to the viewer. "Chingachgook the Big Serpent" is a clear example of such reincarnation. In principle, it is difficult to find something extraordinary in such films. The heroes presented here are familiar to all types. Chingachguk performed by Goiko Mitic, who lives in his own world, disturbed by the colonialists, is a brave, dexterous and strong Indian, who is also not deprived of his mind, that is, he is practically the perfect man, pursues some goals. All sorts of white settlers hostile to the Indians, driven by a greedy desire for profit and greed, are shown in the film as notorious scoundrels. And finally, St. John's Wort - a noble young man, an excellent hunter, whose honor and dignity do not cause any doubt, helping Chingachgook in everything and intolerant of scum, regardless of whether they are white or red-skinned. Naturally, there are various intermediate characters in the film, and there was also a love line.
Such films are usually one-dimensional, although they are fascinating. And their main content is a story about true friendship, cunning, treacherous cowardice and strong love. Adventures in this, I would say classic, form, probably, will not be able to attract a modern viewer, and only arouse interest among people who either grew up on these films, or among moviegoers who are not afraid of the retro prefix.
"Chingachgook" is a very, very good film, shot literally for pennies, but how bright is the authentic Indian world shown in it, torn apart by the war between the tribes of the Hurons and the Delawares. The Europeans who take advantage of this enmity are acting prudently vilely, step by step pushing back indigenous people to the west and taking away the conquered lands.
On the whole, the film remains worthy of all praise, despite the fact that some cinematography flaws and in a few places unconvincing scenery spoil the overall feeling, but this seems like a trifle against the backdrop of the outstanding skill of not only the great Gojko Mitic, but also other actors, as well as a brilliant directorial work. Richard Groschopp and the harmonic music of Wilhelm Nef.
Did you know that the "father" of the American adventure novel, the first North American writer to achieve worldwide fame, wrote his first book ... on a bet? And today is his birthday, by the way!
James Fenimore Cooper was born in 1789 in Burlington, New Jersey, but soon the Cooper family moved to the state of New York, where he founded the village of Cooperstown. Tam James Fenimore receives a school education, after which he goes to study at Yale University, but, without completing the course, he enters the maritime service, which takes place on Lake Ontario, where US military ships were created in those days.
In 1811 Fenimore Cooper marries Frenchwoman Susan Augusta Delancey. Once, while reading to his wife some boring novel, Fenimore threw it away in his hearts and declared that it was not at all difficult to write something better. His wife took him at his word, there was nowhere to retreat. So in 1820 the first novel was published. Cooper"Precaution". The author published it anonymously, knowing the prejudice of English literary society to American writers. And he did the right thing. Critics were ruthless, but not because of the origin of the author, but because the novel showed complete ignorance of the author of the real England, where the novel takes place.
But cooper does not lose courage, criticism probably only encourages him. And in 1821 his second novel, The Spy, or the Tale of no man's land". What provided this novel with success, and its author with worldwide recognition? They were provided with a good choice of characters. They became brave and proud people"frontier" - the border zone of development by the colonizers of the Wild West. They do not live by the laws of a prim society of immigrants, but they honor and respect the traditions of the Indians.
Film "- Big Serpent" (1967) - film adaptation of the novel Fenimore Cooper "St. John's wort, or the First Warpath" (GDR)
Such a find was the reader's favorite image of Nathaniel (Natty) Bumpo, who first "revived" in the novel "Pioneers" (1823) and continued his journey in the novels "The Last of the Mohicans" (1926), "The Prairie" (1827), "Pathfinder" ( 1840), "St. John's wort, or the First Warpath" (1841). About the features of this original character, created by Cooper, can be judged by his nicknames on the pages of the novel - Hawkeye, St. John's Wort, Pathfinder, Long Carbine, Leather Stocking.
A series of five "red-skinned" novels Cooper- this is a kind of adventure epic against the background of the history of wars between two colonial powers, where on the one hand - the British colonies, on the other - the French who own Canada and their Indian allies. Natty Bumpo clearly does not support the "civilizing" predation of his fellow tribesmen and their unwillingness to reckon with the rights of the Indians. But the author's skill in describing the virgin nature of America, the relief of vivid characters, the indisputable success with the reader forces critics to recognize James Fenimore Cooper as the American Walter Scott.
K / f "Pathfinder" (1987) - Soviet adaptation of the novel Fenimore Cooper Pathfinder with Andrei Mironov as Marquis Sanglie
Even after the release of the novel "The Spy" in 1821, the spouses coopers move to New York, where the writer immediately becomes a prominent figure in the circles of writers fighting for national authenticity American Literature. Success Fenimore Cooper in 1826 he even brought him to the post of American consul, and for 7 whole years he was a writer in Europe.
This life stage appeared in the trilogy about times European Middle Ages- the novels "Bravo, or In Venice", "Heidenmeier" and "The Executioner" (1831-1833), as well as in five volumes of travel notes.
In addition to European themes and the epic about the conquest of the Wild West, there were Fenimore Cooper another direction, to which he treated with special love and awe, is the "marine" novels. Weakness in front of the sea and ships was born in the writer during his service on Lake Ontario. This is how novels were born. Cooper"The Pilot" (1823), "The Siege of Boston" (1825), "The Red Corsair" (1828), "Sorceress of the Sea" (1830) and, finally, the fundamental work "History of the American Navy" (1839).
Movie "The Last of the Mohicans" (1992) - American film adaptation novel of the same name Fenimore Cooper
The last 30 years of life, the most fruitful, Fenimore Cooper spent in parental home in Cooperstown. Died in 1851.
Artworks Fenimore Cooper filmed more than 30 times, boys and girls read his books for the third century in a row. And we'll go read!
Comes from a tribe of North American Mohican Indians. Chingachguk is a wise and brave warrior. He is kind and just, he is respected by friends and feared by enemies.
Here is what the book The Last of the Mohicans says about the origin of his name:
“Of course, the name Chingachgook, which means “Great Serpent”, does not mean that he is really a snake; no, his name says that he knows all the twists and turns, all the nooks and crannies human nature that he is silent and knows how to inflict blows on his enemies at such moments when they do not expect it at all "
In The Last of the Mohicans, his only son, Uncas, dies. From the author's point of view, Chingachgook becomes the last of the Mohicans, the last leader and the last representative of the once powerful, but now extinct tribe. However, from the point of view of the Indians, the last was his son Uncas, the last born, the last young warrior, last hope for procreation.
see also
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Literature
- J. Cooper "St. John's Wort, or the First Warpath".
- J. Cooper "The Last of the Mohicans, or the Narrative of 1757".
- J. Cooper "Pathfinder, or On the Shores of Ontario".
- J. Cooper "Pioneers, or At the origins of the Susquihanna".
Notes
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An excerpt characterizing Chingachgook
- Oh, how good! How nice! he said to himself when a cleanly set table with fragrant broth was moved to him, or when he lay down at night on a soft, clean bed, or when he remembered that his wife and the French were no more. - Oh, how good, how nice! - And out of old habit, he asked himself the question: well, then what? What will i do? And immediately he answered himself: nothing. I will live. Ah, how nice!The very thing that he had tormented before, what he was constantly looking for, the purpose of life, now did not exist for him. It was no coincidence that this desired goal of life now did not exist for him only at the present moment, but he felt that it did not exist and could not exist. And this lack of purpose gave him that full, joyful consciousness of freedom, which at that time constituted his happiness.
He could not have a goal, because he now had faith - not faith in any rules, or words, or thoughts, but faith in a living, always felt god. Previously, he had sought it for the purposes he had set for himself. This search for a goal was only a search for God; and suddenly, in his captivity, he recognized, not by words, not by reasoning, but by direct feeling, what his nanny had told him for a long time: that God is here, here, everywhere. In captivity, he learned that God in Karataev is greater, infinite and incomprehensible than in the Architecton of the universe recognized by the Masons. He experienced the feeling of a man who found what he was looking for under his feet, while he strained his eyes, looking far away from him. All his life he was looking somewhere, over the heads of the people around him, but he had not to strain his eyes, but only look in front of him.
He was not able to see before the great, incomprehensible and infinite in anything. He only felt that it must be somewhere and looked for it. In everything close, understandable, he saw one thing limited, petty, worldly, meaningless. He armed himself with a mental telescope and looked into the distance, to where this shallow, worldly distance, hiding in the fog, seemed to him great and infinite only because it was not clearly visible. This is how he imagined European life, politics, freemasonry, philosophy, philanthropy. But even then, in those moments that he considered his weakness, his mind penetrated into this distance, and there he saw the same petty, worldly, meaningless. Now, however, he had learned to see the great, the eternal, and the infinite in everything, and therefore, naturally, in order to see it, to enjoy its contemplation, he threw down the trumpet into which he had until now looked over the heads of people, and joyfully contemplated around him the ever-changing, eternally great , incomprehensible and infinite life. And the closer he looked, the more he was calm and happy. The terrible question that previously destroyed all his mental structures was: why? no longer existed for him. Now to this question - why? a simple answer was always ready in his soul: then, that there is a god, that god, without whose will a hair will not fall from a person’s head.
Pierre has hardly changed in his external tricks. He looked exactly the same as he had before. Just as before, he was absent-minded and seemed preoccupied not with what was before his eyes, but with something of his own, special. The difference between his former and present state was that before, when he forgot what was in front of him, what was said to him, he wrinkled his forehead in pain, as if trying and could not see something far away from him. . Now he also forgot what was said to him, and what was before him; but now, with a barely perceptible, as if mocking, smile, he peered at the very thing that was in front of him, listened to what was being said to him, although he obviously saw and heard something completely different. Before, he seemed kind person but unfortunate; and therefore involuntarily people moved away from him. Now a smile of the joy of life constantly played around his mouth, and in his eyes there shone concern for people - the question is: are they happy just like he is? And people enjoyed being in his presence.
the man who invented Chingachgook
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