For type 2 diabetes proper nutrition associated with moderate physical activity is the main therapy. In type 1 diabetes, this is a concomitant measure to control blood sugar levels close to the level of a healthy person.
All foods in the diet should be selected according to the glycemic index (GI). It is this indicator that endocrinologists adhere to when compiling diet therapy. Daily menu These are vegetables, fruits, animal products and cereals. It is important to choose foods rich in trace elements and vitamins to ensure the normal functioning of all body functions.
Increasingly, doctors recommend including spelled in the diabetic menu. What is the rationale for this decision? For an answer to this question it will be considered what the glycemic index of spelled is, its benefits for the human body and recipes for several dishes are presented.
Glycemic index (GI) spelled
GI is the indicator that displays the rate of breakdown of a particular product and its conversion into glucose. According to this index, not only diet therapy for diabetics is compiled, but also a number of diets aimed at combating obesity and weight control.
GI may increase depending on the consistency of the product and its heat treatment. Basically, this rule applies to fruits and vegetables. For example, fresh carrots have an indicator of only 35 units, but boiled 85 units. All this is due to the loss of fiber during heat treatment, which is responsible for the uniform supply of glucose into the blood.
Fiber is also lost if juices are made from fruits. Their GI is about 80 units and above, and can provoke a sharp jump in blood sugar by 3 - 4 mmol / l in just 10 minutes after consumption.
In cereals, the GI can increase from their consistency, the thicker the porridge, the higher the index. The following are allowed for diabetes:
- buckwheat;
- spelt;
- barley grits;
- pearl barley;
- Brown rice.
In order to understand what GI indicators are for people with a sweet disease, you need to know a certain scale. GI is divided into three categories:
- up to 50 units - a low indicator, the basis of the patient's diet;
- 50 - 69 ED - average, food can be consumed several times a week;
- 70 IU and above - food and drinks with this indicator under the strictest ban can cause hyperglycemia.
Also, when choosing food, attention should be paid to their calorie content. Some products have an indicator of 0 units, but this does not give them the right to be present in the diet, the calorie content and the presence of bad cholesterol are to blame.
Dishes from spelled porridge should be present in the weekly diet a maximum of four times, since cereals are high in calories.
The GI of spelled is 45 units, the calorie content per 100 grams of the product will be 337 kcal.
Beneficial features
Sugar level
Spelled is considered the progenitor of wheat. In general, spelled is a group of varieties of wheat. On the this moment most of her popular view is a two-grain. Although there are other species: einkorn, Timofeev's wheat, spelled, etc.
Dvuzernyanka is considered the most useful, due to the content of vitamins and trace elements in the grain itself. In ordinary wheat, all these components are contained in the ears and the shell of the grain, which are removed during processing.
Spelled is rarely found on store shelves. All this is due to its hard-to-separate film that covers the grains. Such processing is not beneficial to farmers. But the strong shell of the grain protects the cereal from the negative effects of the environment and radioactive substances.
More than half of this type of spelled consists of protein, which is vital for diabetics. It is a storehouse of vitamin B6, which fights bad cholesterol, a common problem in diabetic patients.
Spelled also contains the following vitamins and minerals:
- B vitamins;
- vitamin E;
- vitamin K;
- vitamin PP;
- iron;
- magnesium;
- zinc;
- calcium;
- fluorine;
- selenium.
The content of useful substances in the two-grain grain is many times higher than in other wheat crops.
Spelled is indispensable in the fight against overweight and obesity - one of the causes of non-insulin dependent diabetes. This is due to its low GI, that is, it contains difficult-to-digest carbohydrates. Many nutritionists include this cereal in their diet.
The fibers of spelled grains are coarse, they act on the intestines as a kind of cleansing brush. Remove the remnants of unprocessed food and remove toxins from the intestines. And the intestinal walls, in turn, begin to absorb nutrients to a greater extent.
Spelled porridge contains nicotinic acid, which stimulates the production of male sex hormones, in which the adrenal glands are involved. With sufficient production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, body fat converted into muscle tissue.
Therefore, the level of glucose in the blood falls, which is especially important for diabetes of any type.
spelled recipes
Spelled can be cooked as a side dish or served as a complex dish. This cereal goes well with dried fruits, vegetables, meat and fish. Steamed cereals are cooked for 15 - 20 minutes, but whole grains are about 40 - 45 minutes. The proportions of water are taken one to two, that is, 200 ml of water is needed for 100 grams of porridge.
A ready-made breakfast from spelled without sugar will satisfy the feeling of hunger for a long time, thanks to the protein content. And the presence of difficult-to-digest carbohydrates will improve brain activity. You can simply boil the porridge until cooked, mix it with a teaspoon of honey (chestnut, buckwheat or acacia) and add nuts and dried fruits to taste. It is advisable to pre-soak them for a few minutes in warm water.
The following dried fruits and nuts are allowed:
- prunes;
- figs;
- dried apricots;
- dried apples;
- cashew nuts:
- peanut;
- Walnut;
- almond;
- hazelnut;
- pine nut.
Do not worry that it can provoke an increase in blood sugar levels. A high-quality beekeeping product has a GI of up to 50 units. But this indicator does not apply to candied honey.
Not only sweet breakfasts are prepared from spelled, but also complex side dishes. The recipe below is basic, vegetables are allowed to be changed according to personal taste preferences.
For spelled porridge with vegetables, you will need the following ingredients:
- spelled - 300 grams;
- bell pepper - 2 pcs.;
- frozen green beans - 150 grams;
- frozen peas - 150 grams;
- one onion;
- a few cloves of garlic;
- a pinch of turmeric;
- a bunch of dill and parsley;
- vegetable oil- 2 tablespoons;
- salt - to taste.
Boil the steamed spelled in salted water until tender, about 20 minutes. Pour vegetable oil into a frying pan and add onion cut into half rings.
Pass for three minutes. Pour boiling water over the peas and beans and add to the onion, also add the pepper cut into strips. Simmer under a closed lid for five to seven minutes, stirring occasionally. After adding turmeric and garlic passed through a press, fry for another two minutes.
Pour porridge and chopped greens into the vegetable mixture, mix thoroughly and remove from heat. Such a dish will act as a healthy dinner if you supplement it with a meat product, for example, a cutlet or chop.
Spelled with vegetables goes well with turkey, which also does not affect the increase in blood sugar levels. So pretty low. The main thing is to remove fat and skin from meat. They do not contain any useful substances, only bad cholesterol.
Spelled can be cooked not only on the stove, but also in a slow cooker. This is quite convenient, since the cooking process takes a minimum amount of time. To prepare such porridge, special modes are not required, so even the most ordinary slow cooker will do.
You will need the following ingredients:
- spelled - 250 grams;
- purified water - 500 ml;
- onions - 2 pcs.;
- one carrot;
- vegetable oil - 1 tablespoon;
- salt - to taste.
Rinse spelled under running water, finely chop the onion, cut the carrot into large cubes. Pour vegetable oil into the bottom of the mold, add the remaining ingredients and mix thoroughly. Pour in water and salt.
Cook in the "porridge" mode for 45 minutes.
The video in this article tells all about spelled.
Flour is the final powdered product of grain processing. It is used for making bread, confectionery, pasta and other flour products. People suffering diabetes, it is important to know the glycemic index of flour, as well as its types, in order to choose a variety suitable for preparing low-carb dishes.
What is a grind?
Flour obtained from one raw material, but different ways processing, is distinguished by its grinding:
- Fine grinding - such a product is the result of cleaning the grain from the shell, bran and aleurone layer. It is quickly digestible due to the significant amount of carbohydrates in the composition.
- Medium grinding - this type of flour has fiber from the grain shell. Use is limited.
- Coarse grinding (whole grain flour) - similar to ground grains. The product has all the components of the feedstock. It is the most suitable and useful for use in diabetes and healthy eating.
Approximate composition of flour:
- starch (from 50 to 90% depending on the variety);
- proteins (from 14 to 45%) - wheat has low indicators, soybeans have the highest;
- lipids - up to 4%;
- fiber - dietary fiber;
- B-series vitamins;
- retinol;
- tocopherol;
- enzymes;
- minerals.
Several varieties are made from wheat. The highest grade is characterized low content fiber, the smallest particle size and the absence of grain shells. Such a product has a high calorie content (334 kcal) and significant glycemic index numbers (85). These figures place wheat flour of the highest grade in the category of products, the restriction of which is important detail diet of diabetics.
Premium Wheat-Based Product – Enemy for Diabetic Patients
Indicators of other varieties:
- The first - the particle size is slightly larger, calorie content - 329 kcal, GI 85.
- The second - size indicators are in the range of up to 0.2 mm, calorie content - 324 kcal.
- Krupchatka - particles up to 0.5 mm, cleared of the shell, have a small amount of fiber.
- Whole flour - up to 0.6 mm, unpeeled grains are used, so the amount of vitamins, trace elements and fiber is much higher than the previous representatives.
- Whole grain flour - grind raw grains of raw materials, the most useful for both healthy and sick people.
Important! In the diet of type 1 diabetics, the use of whole grain flour is allowed, but not often. With type 2 disease, it is better to completely abandon meals based on wheat flour, since hypoglycemic drugs cannot accurately “block” the incoming amount of carbohydrates, unlike insulin.
Among all the raw materials used to produce oatmeal, oats have the most low level carbohydrates (58%). In addition, the composition of the grains includes beta-glucans, which reduce blood sugar and help eliminate excess cholesterol, as well as B-series vitamins and trace elements (zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium).
Adding oat-based products to the diet can reduce the body's need for insulin, and a significant amount of fiber contributes to the normalization of the digestive tract. The glycemic index is in the middle range - 45 units.
Oatmeal - a product of grinding flakes
Possible dishes based on oatmeal for diabetics:
- oatmeal cookies;
- pancakes with maple syrup and nuts;
- pies with sweet and sour apples, oranges.
Oatmeal from buckwheat
Buckwheat flour (glycemic index is 50, calories - 353 kcal) is a dietary product that allows you to cleanse the body of toxins and toxins. Useful properties of constituent substances:
- B vitamins normalize the work of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- nicotinic acid removes excess cholesterol, normalizes blood circulation;
- copper is involved in the growth and differentiation of cells, strengthens the body's defenses;
- manganese supports the functioning of the thyroid gland, normalizes the level of glycemia, allows the absorption of a number of vitamins;
- zinc restores the condition of the skin, hair, nails;
- essential acids provide the need for energy mechanisms;
- folic acid (especially important during the period of bearing a child) contributes to the normal development of the fetus and prevents the appearance of neural tube anomalies;
- iron helps to increase hemoglobin levels.
Important! It can be concluded that the product should be included in the diet of diabetics and people who follow the rules of a healthy diet.
Corn oatmeal
The product has a borderline glycemic index of 70, but due to its composition and many useful properties should be part of the diet of both healthy and sick people. It has high levels of fiber, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and digestion processes.
Significant amounts of thiamine contribute to the normal course of nervous processes, improve the blood supply to the brain. A product based on corn removes excess cholesterol, accelerates the regeneration of cells and tissues, enhances the growth of the muscular apparatus (against the background of significant physical activity).
Rye product
Rye oatmeal (glycemic index - 40, calorie content - 298 kcal) - the most desirable variety for making different types flour products. First of all, this applies to people prone to hyperglycemia. The largest number Nutrients contains a wallpaper variety, which is obtained from unpeeled rye grains in advance.
Rye-based product is a storehouse of vital vitamins and microelements
Rye flour is used for baking bread, but the content of minerals and vitamins is three times higher than wheat flour, and barley and buckwheat in terms of fiber. The composition includes irreplaceable substances:
- phosphorus;
- calcium;
- potassium;
- copper;
- magnesium;
- iron;
- B vitamins.
Flax flour
The glycemic index of flaxseed has 35 units, which classifies it as a permissible product. The calorie content is also low - 270 kcal, which is important in using this type of flour for obesity.
Flaxseed oatmeal is made from flaxseed after oil is extracted from it by cold pressing. The product has the following useful properties:
- normalizes metabolic processes;
- stimulates the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract;
- prevents pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
- normalizes glycemia and cholesterol;
- connects toxic substances and removes from the body;
- has anticancer activity.
Pea based flour
The GI of the product is low - 35, calorie content - 298 kcal. Pea flour has the ability to lower the glycemic index of other foods when consumed at the same time. Normalizes metabolic processes, prevents the growth and spread of tumor cells.
Pea oatmeal is a gluten-free product
The product reduces the quantitative indicators of cholesterol in the blood, is used for diseases of the endocrine apparatus, protects against the development of vitamin deficiency.
Important! Pea flour is good for making soups, sauces and gravies, pancakes, flatbreads, fritters, doughnuts, main courses based on meat, vegetables and mushrooms.
Amaranth flour
Amaranth is a herbaceous plant that has small flowers, originally from Mexico. The seeds of this plant are edible and have been successfully used in cooking. Amaranth flour is a good substitute for those crushed grains that have a high GI. ITS index is only 25 units, caloric content - 357 kcal.
Properties of amaranth flour:
- It has a large number of calcium;
- practically no fat;
- contains substances that have an antitumor effect;
- regular use of the product allows you to remove excess cholesterol and return blood pressure to normal;
- strengthens the body's defenses;
- allowed for those who do not tolerate gluten (it is not included in the composition);
- considered a powerful antioxidant;
- helps maintain hormonal balance.
Rice product
Rice flour has one of the highest GI values - 95. This makes it forbidden for diabetics and obese people. The calorie content of the product is 366 kcal.
Rice flour contains all B-series vitamins, tocopherol, macro- and microelements (iron, zinc, selenium, molybdenum and manganese). The benefits of the product are based on the full composition of essential amino acids that are needed for the normal functioning of the human body. In addition, this flour is gluten-free.
The product based on rice raw materials can be used for making pancakes, cakes, various sweets. Such flour is not suitable for baking bread; for this, a combination with wheat flour is used.
To obtain such a product, the process of grinding roasted beans is used. Soy is considered a storehouse of vegetable protein, iron, B-series vitamins, and calcium. On store shelves you can find a whole variety that has retained all the useful components, and fat-free (GI is 15). In the second variant, the flour contains calcium and protein indicators an order of magnitude higher.
Fat-free product - the owner of the lowest GI among all types of flour
Product properties:
- lowering cholesterol levels;
- fight against excess weight;
- prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
- anticancer properties;
- struggle with the symptoms of menopause and menopause;
- antioxidant.
A soy-based product is used to make muffins, cakes, pies, muffins, pancakes and pasta. It is good as a thickener for homemade gravies and sauces, it replaces the property and composition chicken eggs(1 tablespoon = 1 egg).
Awareness about the calorie content, GI and properties of flour based on various raw materials will allow you to select allowed products, diversify your diet, and replenish it with essential nutrients.
The concept of the glycemic index was introduced by doctors. Initially, this indicator was calculated so that people with diabetes could normalize their blood sugar levels through nutrition. All foods have a certain glycemic index that affects sugar levels.
Certain foods increase it significantly, which can lead to spikes in sugar levels, while others just keep it at the required height. The reference product is White bread and its main constituent is glucose; its index is one hundred.
Doctors and nutritionists usually divide foods into three groups. The first includes those that have this indicator at the level of seventy and above, they include whole grain flour and whole grain bread. The second group is very small, and the glycemic index is in the range from fifty-nine to sixty-nine. The last group is considered by nutritionists to be the most useful. It includes foods that have a glycemic index below fifty-five.
As you know, you can lose weight only by eating those foods that have a low index, and the lower it is, the more useful the food is for the body. Substances such as complex carbohydrates are predominantly found in last group. The calories contained in them go to maintain the vital functions of the body without a trace, and are not deposited in the form of fat folds. In addition, for splitting complex carbohydrates the human body expends a significant amount of energy, unlike simple ones. The latter include pastries and sweets, which do not require increased energy costs, but are not beneficial either.
If a person wants to lead healthy lifestyle life, monitor your appearance and maintain a normal figure, then the use of certain products should be limited. Certain foods should be excluded from your daily diet completely, as increased the energy value does not benefit the body at all.
Determining the glycemic index of whole grain flour and products from it is not difficult, since these data are available in almost any manual on healthy eating. In addition, there are many sites on the Internet dedicated to the problem of diabetes, which also contain the necessary information.
It should be borne in mind that such flour and bread from it has a lot of useful substances in its composition. The high content of elements such as fatty acids, vitamins and fiber is its main advantage over regular flour.
But most of the problems arise due to the fact that this indicator can vary significantly on different resources. This is due to the fact that the glycemic index value is significantly influenced by the method of culinary or pre-industrial processing of products. For example, even for finely crushed cereals, the index is significantly lower than for cereals sold in the form of cereal or popcorn. Thus, in order to get rid of excess weight, it is better to consume less processed foods, which cannot be said about finely ground white flour.
by the most useful products containing the required amount of complex carbohydrates and having a low glycemic index, nutritionists consider the following types cereals and pastries. Whole grain flour and bread, wholemeal flour, bran flour, all cereals made from unprocessed grains, brown rice and some other products should be the basis of the daily diet. Of course, sometimes you can eat sweets, muffins, cookies, and so on, but it is worth setting a reasonable limit on such food. Besides, White rice, finely ground white flour and potatoes, nutritionists also refer to the group of products that have an increased glycemic index. So in order to lose weight, they can be replaced with more useful counterparts.
Michel Montignac, who created the glycemic index diet, recommended combining high and low foods at every meal. Thus, whole-grain bread can be eaten, for example, with eggplant dishes or salads of raw, coarsely chopped vegetables. It is also worth remembering that some foods have a high calorie content and fat content with a fairly low glycemic index. Among them, chocolate and almost any nuts can be highlighted. According to the recommendations of nutritionists, these products should be consumed separately from various cereals, as well as whole grain flour and products from it.
Cooking can also significantly increase the glycemic index of food, which applies to most vegetables, fruits and cereals. So the processing process should be reduced to a minimum, food is best steamed or baked whole.
When baking whole grain bread, you need to remember that the index is much higher for hot or fresh bread. As it cools, the glycemic index decreases significantly. Whole grain bread, cooled to room temperature, is the most beneficial for the body.
