The poem "The Bronze Horseman" was written by Pushkin in 1833. It combines two themes: the individual and the people and the theme " little man».
The poem has a subtitle - "Petersburg Tale". He points to the same two themes: historical and majestic, as well as the theme common man.
The preface follows: “The incident described in this story is based on truth. The details of the flood are borrowed from contemporary magazines. The curious can deal with the news compiled by V. N. Berkh.
In the introduction to the poem, a majestic image of Peter I is created, who glorified his name with many glorious deeds. “Out of the darkness of the forests” and “swamp the blat”, he creates a beautiful city. Petersburg was the personification of the power and glory of Russia. "To the evil of an arrogant neighbor" Peter I strengthened Russian state on the shores of the Baltic Sea, etc. Even after a hundred years, St. Petersburg is beautiful and majestic. He, according to the poet, best city on the ground. The introduction ends with a hymn to Peter and Petersburg:
Show off, city of Petrov, and stop
Invincible, like Russia.
The main part of the poem tells about life, contemporary Pushkin. Petersburg is still as beautiful as it was under Peter. But the poet also sees another image of the capital. This city marks a sharp boundary between " the mighty of the world this" and ordinary residents. Petersburg is a city of contrasts, where “little people” live and suffer.
One of these people is Eugene - the hero of the work. It is told about in the first part of the poem. This is an "ordinary person". He is a descendant of a glorious and ancient family, but now an ordinary Russian inhabitant. Eugene is an ordinary petty employee. He receives a tiny salary, dreams of rising to the "town". In addition, the hero also has personal plans: to find quiet family happiness with the same poor girl Parasha as the hero himself. She lives with her mother in a "dilapidated house" on the outskirts of St. Petersburg. But a terrible flood begins, which destroys everything in its path. It destroys houses, deprives people of shelter, warmth and even life:
Trays under a wet veil,
Fragments of huts, logs, roofs,
thrifty commodity,
Relics of pale poverty,
Storm-blown bridges
A coffin from a blurry cemetery
Float through the streets!
Eugene is worried about his Parasha. Their dilapidated house waves of the Neva must be washed away first. At the end of the first part, it seems to the hero that he sees this disaster. And above everything, calmly and majestically, stands the monument to Peter.
The second part of the poem depicts the aftermath of the flood. For Eugene they are scary. The hero loses everything: his beloved girl, shelter, hopes for happiness. The crazed Eugene considers the Bronze Horseman, the twin of Peter himself, to be the culprit of his tragedy. In his frustrated imagination, the Bronze Horseman is a “proud idol”, “by whose will the city was founded here”, who is “a bridle iron Russia reared up”, “he is terrible”.
Memories of the tragedy on the flooded Petrovsky Square turn Yevgeny, filled with hatred and indignation, into a rebel:
And, clenching his teeth, clenching his fingers,
As if possessed by black power,
“Good, miraculous builder! -
He whispered, trembling angrily,
Already you!.. "
But Eugene's rebellion is just a flash, completely meaningless. The struggle with the Bronze Horseman is insane and hopeless: until the morning he pursues the unfortunate Yevgeny through the streets and squares of St. Petersburg.
As a result, Eugene dies next to Parasha's destroyed house:
At the threshold
Found my madman
And then his cold corpse
Buried for God's sake.
The plot and composition of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" by A.S. Pushkin (2 option)
It was a terrible time.
Her memory is fresh.
About her, my friends, for you
I'll start my story.
My story is sad...
With these words ends the famous introduction to The Bronze Horseman. The introduction cannot be attributed to the plot of the "Petersburg story", as Pushkin himself designated the genre of the work. This is not an exposition, but a powerful prelude, sharply contrasting with the system of images, intonation, and mood with the story of the “terrible time”. However, the introduction is extremely important for understanding the composition and the whole meaning of Pushkin's poem.
As for the plot, it is quite traditional. In the exposition, the author presents us with Yevgeny, a modest official, a “little man”, whose signs of life are reduced to a minimum: “he shook off his overcoat, undressed, lay down.” Eugene from the impoverished nobles, which Pushkin briefly mentions, saying that the hero's ancestors were listed in the History of Karamzin. Today's life of Yevgeny is modest and unpretentious: he "lives in Kolomna, serves somewhere", loves Parasha and dreams of marrying his beloved girl. He acutely feels and worries about his poverty, "is shy of the nobles" and painfully reflects on his not too happy fate.
What was he thinking about?
About the fact that he was poor, that by labor
He had to deliver
And independence, and honor,
What could God add to him
Mind and money, what is there
Such idle happy ones
The mind of the narrow-minded Leninists,
For whom life is easy!
He also thought that the river
Everything arrived, which is hardly
Bridges have not yet been removed from the Neva
And what will he do with Parasha
Separated for two, three days.
Meanwhile, the river did not just arrive: “The Neva tossed about like a sick man in his restless bed, and Eugene, together with the whole city, was waiting for a new day. And here it is, the plot of the sad story: "Terrible day!" A devastating flood flooded the city, the water flooded the basements and lower floors of houses, approached Winter Palace. The swift, dramatic action of the first part of the poem is the growing horror of a person in front of the raging elements. People are saved as best they can, and poor Yevgeny finds himself sitting on a lion near the Senate building, right behind the monument to Peter. Chained to marble, bewitched by the rising water, he cannot move.
And turned his back to him,
In the unshakable height
Over the perturbed Neva
Standing with outstretched hand
Idol on a bronze horse.
So in the very first part, these heroes are brought together for the first time: the bronze Peter (not yet the Bronze Horseman) and poor Eugene.
The action of the second part takes place immediately after the end of the flood. Eugene hires a boatman and hurries to Parasha, but finds only traces of destruction in the place of his bride's house. Unable to withstand the shocks, Eugene goes crazy, does not return to his poor corner, wanders aimlessly around the city, sleeps somewhere on the pier: “And so he dragged out his unhappy age, neither beast, nor man, neither her nor the inhabitant of the world nor a dead ghost..."
The culmination of the poem is the second meeting of Eugene with the monument. He suddenly recognizes the place where he escaped during the flood, “and the lions, and the square, and the one who stood motionless in the darkness with a copper head, the one by whose will the city was founded under the sea.” The words addressed by Eugene to the idol are barely audible. “Good, miraculous builder! he whispered, trembling angrily. - Already you! And then, as a terrible continuation of the hero’s insane delirium, a fantastic chase begins: “And all night long, the poor madman, no matter where he turned his moans, a bronze horseman with a heavy stomp galloped behind him.” But the moments of madness (or maybe enlightenment?) pass, Eugene no longer dares even to raise his eyes, passing by the monument, and quietly dies. Sad and quite traditional denouement.
Who are the main characters in the plot of the poem? Not Yevgeny and Parasha, as the reader might have guessed at the very beginning of the story, but Yevgeny and the Bronze Horseman, a fantastic character who becomes part of the hero’s delirium and at the same time a symbol of the cruel power of the state, ruthless to man. But the plot is a system of events in the work, and in The Bronze Horseman, the plot, the events, the elements are dominated by the great philosophical thought Pushkin, which can be at least to a small extent understood only by analyzing the unique composition of the poem. This is the time to return to the famous introduction to the poem, which, not being an element of the plot, is an indispensable part of the perfect story. architectural structure, which, no doubt, became the "Bronze Horseman". First of all, it is important to pay attention to the vastness of the introduction in comparison with the rest of the volume of the work. Pushkin, who put “a sense of proportionality and conformity” above all, of course, understood that the volume of the introduction is disproportionately large, but, on the other hand, he wanted to clearly convey to the reader that the introduction does not perform an official function, but carries a huge content load.
From the very first lines of the introduction, the poem includes the image of Peter the Great, the reformer of Russia, full of "great thoughts", which the genius of Pushkin minted into cast formulas of history:
From here we will threaten the Swede,
Here the city will be founded
To spite an arrogant neighbor.
Nature here is destined for us
Cut a window to Europe
Stand with a firm foot by the sea.
Here on their new waves
All the flags in the toast will be to us,
And let's hang out in the open!
"One hundred years have passed" and beautiful dream Petra came true: the city, truly European, grew up "on the shore desert waves", became the capital Russian Empire. The poetic picture of the “young city”, which ascended “magnificently, proudly”, is the best hymn to Petersburg in all Russian literature. The melody of the introduction to The Bronze Horseman smoothly embraces both marvelous city landscapes (“The Neva’s sovereign current, its coastal granite ... cast-iron fences”, the transparency of white nights), and the joy of the people living in the city (“girlish faces are brighter than roses, and shine, and the noise and the talk of the balls, and at the hour of the idle revelry, the hiss of foamy glasses and punch, the blue flame"), and military power young capital in front of which "faded old Moscow". "I love you, Peter's creation!" Pushkin exclaims, in order to sharply break this jubilant intonation at the end of the introduction with the words: “It was a terrible time ...”
Undoubtedly, the main thing for the author is the sharp contrast between the introduction and the main, plot, narrative part of the poem. Why is this contrast necessary? What is it semantic load? This question was surprisingly accurately answered by D. Granin in the essay “Two Faces”. Through all the poems, through all its figurative structure, there is a doubling of faces, pictures, meanings: two Peters (Peter is alive, thinking, "a powerful ruler of fate" - and his transformation, the Bronze Horseman, a frozen statue), two Eugenes (petty official, poor, downtrodden , humiliated by the authorities, and a madman who raised his hand against the "miraculous builder"), two Neva (decoration of the city, "sovereign current" - and the main threat to the city and people's lives), two St. Petersburg ("Peter's creation", "young city" - and the city of corners and basements of the poor, the city-murderer). In this doubling, the image of the new building contains not only the main compositional, but also the main philosophical thought of Pushkin - the thought of a person, his self-worth, whether it be Peter I or Eugene. The Bronze Horseman opposes both the living Peter as his tragic transformation, and Eugene as a symbol of soulless statehood. As Granin writes, "Pushkin with Peter against the Bronze Horseman and with Eugene against the Bronze Horseman." To strengthen this thought, the poet needed a brilliant introduction to the poem.
There is nothing surprising in the fact that during Pushkin's lifetime The Bronze Horseman was not published. In the quiet revolt of the insane Yevgeny, the authorities unmistakably guessed the threat to their dull, brassy soullessness. Even the brilliant hymn to Petersburg could not interfere with a clear understanding of this threat.
The plot and composition of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" by A.S. Pushkin (3rd option)
The poem The Bronze Horseman, authored by A. S. Pushkin, is written in poetic form.
In the poem, in essence, there are two main characters: the young man Eugene and the monument - the Bronze Horseman.
The poem begins with an introduction, which speaks of the monument as a living being that is able to think and think:
On the shore of desert waves
He stood, full of great thoughts ...
The monument in the poem symbolizes Peter I, who built St. Petersburg in order to cut a window into Europe.
The first part of the poem tells about the autumn Petrograd, in which the young man Eugene, poor, but hardworking. In one of autumn days he hurries home, distressed by his fate by the labor of delivering both independence and honor. At the same time, he thinks about his beloved Parasha, whom he has not seen for several days. When he gets home, he goes to bed. At night, a terrible flood begins, there is panic and confusion in the city, everything that is possible floats through the streets - goods of a merchant, bridges, coffins from a washed-out cemetery. Eugene manages to escape, and he climbs a marble lion and sits there motionless. His thoughts are occupied by one thing - the fate of his beloved, who lives almost at the very bay.
The second part of the poem tells us about what happened after the end of the flood. A young man hurries to the house of his beloved, and what does he see?
... Can't find out. The view is terrible!
Everything in front of him is littered;
What's thrown away, what's taken down...
Eugene runs up to Parasha's house and a terrible picture opens up to his eyes:
Here is the place where their house stands;
Here is the willow. There were gates
They took them down, you see. Where is the house?
As soon as the young man realizes that neither at home nor his beloved is anymore, he loses his mind and begins to laugh wildly. The next day, the people, leaving the flood, live their lives: someone goes to work, merchants open cellars and calculate losses, hoping to compensate them for future buyers. Only one Eugene does not recover from the shock. He leaves the apartment, lives on the pier, eats what is served to him. So time passes until autumn. On one of the rainy days, Eugene sleeps by the pier, and waking up, he suddenly vividly recalls what once plunged him into madness. Not understanding, where is going, he moves to the Bronze Horseman, to the one by whose will the city was founded fatal over the sea. Eugene finds no place for himself, looking at the monument, and suddenly it begins to seem to him that Bronze Horseman rushing off the spot, rushing after him. Yevgeny runs, but the clatter of hooves follows him everywhere. Since then, Eugene, passing through the square, over which the Bronze Horseman towers, took off his hat, lowered his eyes and quickly walked sideways.
Not recovering from the flood, and not having lived for a long time, Eugene dies soon.
Found my madman
And then his cold corpse
Buried for God's sake.
Thus ends the poem by A. S. Pushkin The Bronze Horseman.
The poem "The Bronze Horseman" is one of Pushkin's most capacious, mysterious and complex poems. He wrote it in the autumn of 1833 in the famous Boldin. This place and time gave Alexander Sergeevich extraordinary inspiration. The idea of Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" clearly echoes the works of writers who lived much later and devoted their creations, firstly, to the theme of St. In the poem there are two heroes opposing each other and an insoluble conflict between them.
"The Bronze Horseman": the history of the creation of the poem
Pushkin worked intensively on the poem and completed it very quickly - in just twenty-five October days. During the period of creativity, Alexander Sergeevich also worked on The Queen of Spades, written by him in prose, and on the poetic story Angelo. The stunning Bronze Horseman organically fit in here, the history of which is closely connected not only with realistic motives and documents of the era, but also with the mythology that has developed around the great man and the city that arose by his supreme will.
Censorship restrictions and controversy surrounding the poem
The “Petersburg Tale”, as the author defined its genre, was subjected to censorship by Emperor Nicholas I himself, who returned the manuscript with nine pencil marks. The frustrated poet printed the text of the introduction to the poem "The Bronze Horseman" (the history of the creation of the poetic story is overshadowed by this fact) with eloquent voids in place of the king's notes. Later, Pushkin nevertheless rewrote these passages, but in such a way that the meaning invested in them did not change. Reluctantly, the sovereign allowed the publication of the poem "The Bronze Horseman". The history of the creation of the work is also connected with the heated controversy that flared up around the poem after its publication.
Points of view of literary critics
The controversy continues to this day. Traditionally, it is customary to speak of three groups of interpreters of the poem. The first includes researchers who affirm the "state" aspect, which shines with the poem "The Bronze Horseman". This group of literary critics, headed by, put forward the version that Pushkin in the poem justified the right to do fateful deeds for the country, sacrificing the interests and the very life of a simple, inconspicuous person.
Humanistic interpretation
Representatives of another group, headed by the poet Valery Bryusov, Professor Makagonenko and other authors, completely took the side of another character - Yevgeny, arguing that the death of even the most insignificant person from the point of view of a sovereign idea cannot be justified by great achievements. This point of view is called humanistic. Many literary critics tend to evaluate the story "The Bronze Horseman" in this way, the story of the poem, the plot of which is based on the personal tragedy of a "little" person suffering from the results of a volitional decision of the authorities, proof of this.
Eternal conflict
Representatives of the third group of researchers express a system of views on the tragic insolubility. They believe that Pushkin gave an objective picture in the story "The Bronze Horseman". History itself judged the eternal conflict between the "miraculous builder" Peter the Great and the "poor" Eugene - an ordinary city dweller with his modest requests and dreams. Two truths - a simple man and statesman- remain equal, and none is inferior to the other.
Terrible events and the poem "The Bronze Horseman"
The history of the creation of the poem, of course, firmly fits into the cultural and historical context of the time when it was created. Those were the times of disputes about the place of the individual in history and the impact of great transformations on destinies. ordinary people. This topic worried Pushkin from the end of the 1820s. Taking as a basis the documentary information about the flood that happened in St. Petersburg on November 7, 1824, about which the newspapers printed, the brilliant poet and thinker comes to major philosophical and social generalizations. The personality of the great and brilliant reformer Peter, who “put Russia on its hind legs”, appears in the context of the personal tragedy of an insignificant official Yevgeny with his narrow-philistine dreams of his little happiness, which is not so unconditionally great and worthy of chanting. Therefore, Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" is not limited to the odic praise of the reformer who opened the "window to Europe".
Contrasting Petersburg
The northern capital arose thanks to the strong-willed decision of Tsar Peter the Great after the victory over the Swedes. Its foundation was intended to confirm this victory, to show the strength and power of Russia, and also to open the way for free cultural and trade exchange with European countries. The city, which felt the greatness of the human spirit, manifested in a strict and slender architectural appearance, speaking symbolism of sculptures and monuments, appears before us in the story "The Bronze Horseman". The history of the creation of St. Petersburg is based, however, not only on greatness. Built on the “blat swamp”, in which the bones of thousands of unknown builders lay, the city is engulfed in an ominous and mysterious atmosphere. Oppressive poverty, high mortality, primacy in diseases and the number of suicides - such is the other side of the magnificent crowned capital at the time about which Alexander Pushkin wrote. The two faces of the city, appearing one through the other, reinforce the mythological component of the poem. The "transparent twilight" of the pale city lighting gives the inhabitants the feeling that they live in some kind of mysteriously symbolic place in which monuments and statues can come to life and move with sinister determination. And with this, too, to a large extent, the history of the creation of the Bronze Horseman is connected. Pushkin, as a poet, could not but be interested in such a transformation, which became the culmination of the plot. In the story, a cold bronze monument galloping along the deserted pavement came to life, pursuing Eugene, who was distraught with grief after the loss of his beloved and the collapse of all hopes.
Intro idea
But before we hear the earth tremble under the hoof iron horse, we have to go through the sad and cruel events that happened in the life of the unfortunate Eugene, who will blame the great Builder for putting the city on lands prone to destructive floods, and also realize the bright and majestic introduction that opens the poem "The Bronze Horseman".
Peter is standing on the bank of a wild river, on the waves of which a fragile boat is rocking, and around the dense rustling in some places the miserable huts of the “Chukhonians” stick out. But in the mind's eye the founder northern capital already sees the “wonderful city”, ascending “proudly” and “magnificently” above the Neva, dressed in granite, a city associated with future state successes and great achievements. Pushkin does not name Peter - the emperor is mentioned here with the help of the pronoun "he", and this emphasizes the ambiguity of the odic structure of the introduction. Thinking about how someday Russia will “retreat” to “threaten the Swede”, the great figure does not see at all today's “Finnish fisherman”, who threw his “dilapidated” seine into the water. The sovereign sees the future, in which ships are directed to rich marinas from all over the world, but does not notice those who sail in a lonely boat and huddle in rare huts on the shore. Creating a state, the ruler forgets about those for whom it is created. And this painful discrepancy feeds the idea of the poem "The Bronze Horseman". Pushkin, for whom history was not just a collection of archival documents, but a bridge thrown over the present and the future, feels this conflict especially keenly and expressively conveys it.
Why did the bronze horseman turn out to be copper in the poet's mouth?
The point, of course, is not only that the writers of the 19th century did not see a significant semantic difference between bronze and copper. It is deeply symbolic that this is the Bronze Horseman. The story of the writing of the poem in this case merges with the biblical allegory. It is no coincidence that the poet calls the statue of Peter "an idol" and "an idol" - exactly the same words are used by the authors of the Bible, telling about which the Jews worshiped instead of the Living God. Here the idol is not even golden, but only copper - so the author reduces the brilliance and grandeur of the image, sparkling with external dazzling luxury, but concealing inside by no means precious content. These are the subtexts that the story of the creation of the Bronze Horseman breathes.
Pushkin cannot be suspected of unconditional sympathy for the sovereign idea. However, his attitude to the fictitious idyll constructed in Eugene's dreams is also ambiguous. The hopes and plans of the "little man" are far from deep spiritual quests, and Pushkin sees their limitations in this.
Plot climax and denouement
After a colorful introduction and a declaration of love for the city, Pushkin warns that further we will talk about "terrible" events. A hundred years after what is happening on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, the St. Petersburg official Yevgeny returns home after service and dreams of his bride Parasha. He is no longer destined to see her, because she, like her modest house, will be carried away by the "frantic" waters of the "enraged" Neva. When the elements fall silent, Eugene will rush in search of his beloved and make sure that she is no longer alive. His consciousness does not withstand the blow, and the young man goes crazy. He wanders around the hostile city, becomes a target for the ridicule of the local children, completely forgets the way home. Eugene blames Peter for his troubles, who built the city in the wrong place and thereby exposed people to mortal danger. In desperation, the madman threatens the bronze idol: "You already! .." Following that inflamed consciousness, he hears a heavy and sonorous "jumping" on the stones of the pavement and sees the Horseman rushing after him with an outstretched hand. After some time, Eugene is found dead at the threshold of his house and buried. Thus ends the poem.
Element as a full-fledged hero
What role does the element play here, which does not depend on the human will and is capable of destroying everything to the ground? The researchers of the story are convinced that by separating people, it links the times with some kind of metaphorical cause-and-effect chain. It combines two plots of the story - external and internal - eventful and symbolic. as if it awakens the energy of the elements, which in the external plan destroys destinies and hinders the happiness of a person. The resolution of this conflict lies in the fact that the abyss between the greatness of the sovereign plans and the spiritual space of the personality of an ordinary person has been overcome, closed. Such are the problems of Pushkin's work "The Bronze Horseman", the history of the creation of the poem and the beginning of the mystical series of "Petersburg" stories and novels with which the creators of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries will saturate Russian literature.
Poem and monument
The opening of the monument to Peter the Great in St. Petersburg took place at the end of the summer of 1782. The monument, impressive in its grace and grandeur, was erected by Catherine II. over creation equestrian statue worked hard french sculptors Marie Ann Collot and Russian craftsman Fyodor Gordeev, who sculpted a bronze snake under the furious hoof of Petrov's horse. At the foot of the statue, a monolith was installed, nicknamed the thunder-stone, its weight was a little less than two and a half tons (the entire monument weighs about 22 tons). From the place where the block was found and found suitable for the monument, the stone was carefully transported for about four months.
After the publication of the poem by Alexander Pushkin, the hero of which the poet made this particular monument, the sculpture was called the Bronze Horseman. Residents and guests of St. Petersburg have a great opportunity to see this monument, which without exaggeration can be called a symbol of the city, almost in its original architectural ensemble.
As in "Poltava", in "The Bronze Horseman" there is a combination heroic poem(the image of Peter, St. Petersburg) and a realistic social story (the image of Eugene). According to the manner of narration, this poem is a work of a lyre-epic character. Here, in addition to the images of Peter and Eugene, there is also the image of the narrator-author, who not only tells, but also expresses his direct
assessment of characters and events, their attitude to what he tells.
As in a lyre-epic work, the poem has a plot element and an extra-plot element. Essentially speaking, the plot of the poem is the fate of Eugene. Peter is given outside the plot. Peter as a real person is given only in the introduction, not connected storyline with a story, the action of which is separated by a century from the time when St. Petersburg was founded. In the story, Peter is the symbol of absolutiem; it is only indirectly related to action.
But an introduction is necessary to express ideological concept poet; it serves as a justification for transformative state activities Peter, a clear expression of which is St. Petersburg, "the midnight countries of beauty and wonder." AT digressions(“I love you, Peter's creation ...”) Pushkin gives a highly positive assessment of Peter's work.
In a realistic story, the plot unfolds as the fate of Eugene. At the beginning of the first part, an exposition of a social and everyday character is barked (who is the hero, where and in what conditions did he live, his dreams).
The flood is the beginning, the trip to the seaside, where Parasha's "ramshackle house" stood, is the climax.
The denouement is given in two ways: in everyday terms (Eugene's madness) and in the socio-political (Eugene's rebellion against the Bronze Horseman and the results of such a protest).
Except real faces(Eugenia, Parasha), in the poem are bred as peculiar actors statue of Peter 1, Petersburg and the Neva, taking on character symbolic images. The monument to Peter embodies the idea of absolutism, Petersburg is given as a clear proof of the correctness and progressiveness of Peter's reform reforms, which caused the growth of the country's creative forces. The Neva is, as it were, the embodiment of a rebellious element that threatens to destroy the work of Peter. It seems to justify the rebellion of Eugene.
The Bronze Horseman: The Bronze Horseman monument to Peter I in Saint Petersburg The Bronze Horseman poem by A. S. Pushkin The Bronze Horseman ballet to music by R. M. Glière The Bronze Horseman film award ... Wikipedia
Bronze Horseman- a poem. Written in October 1833 in Boldin. It appeared in print only after the death of the poet, because at one time the censorship did not let the poem through, with the exception of the excerpt Petersburg. ... This poem is the apotheosis of Peter the Great, the most daring, the most grandiose, ... ... Dictionary of literary types
The Bronze Horseman (ballet)- This term has other meanings, see Bronze Horseman (meanings). The Bronze Horseman The Bronze Horseman Composer Reinhold Gliere Libretto author Pyotr Abolimov East ... Wikipedia
POEM- (Greek poiema) 1) a poetic genre of large volume, mainly lyrical epic. In antiquity and the Middle Ages, a poem is called a monumental heroic epic(epic) the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Song of Roland, which genetically indicates the epic ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
POEM- (Greek poiema), 1) a poetic genre of large volume, mainly lyrical epic. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, the monumental heroic epic (epopee) Iliad, Odyssey, Song of Roland was called a poem, which indicates the epic nature ... ... Modern Encyclopedia
Poem- (Greek poiema), 1) a poetic genre of large volume, mainly lyrical epic. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, the monumental heroic epic (epopee) “Iliad”, “Odyssey”, “Song of Roland” was called a poem, which indicates an epic ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
poem- s; and. [Greek poiēma] 1. Big lyric epic work in verse. Lyrical, epic. Boileau's didactic poems. // prose work built on the model of such a poetic work. Dead souls of Gogol - a poem in prose ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Poem- This article or section needs to be revised. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles. Poem ... Wikipedia
poem- (Greek poiema) lyric epic genre. The main features of the poem are the presence of a detailed plot, the scale of the phenomena and problems depicted, the wide development of the image lyrical hero. Rubric: genres and genres of literature Genus: liro epic genres… … Terminological dictionary-thesaurus in Literary Studies
poem- uh. 1) A large poetic work with a narrative or lyrical plot. Poems by N. A. Nekrasov. 2) In music: a small lyrical piece of free structure, a large one-movement symphonic work, usually software, and also ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
Books
- Bronze Horseman. The Queen of Spades, Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich. The book includes two Pushkin's Petersburg masterpieces - the poem "The Bronze Horseman" and the story " Queen of Spades", along with the third - an example of Russian pictorial Pushkiniana of the twentieth century - illustrations by A. ... Buy for 979 rubles
- Bronze Horseman. The Queen of Spades, Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich. The book includes two of Pushkin's Petersburg masterpieces - the poem "The Bronze Horseman" and the story "The Queen of Spades", along with the third - an example of Russian pictorial Pushkiniana of the 20th century - illustrations by A. ...
A. S. Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" combines both historical and social issues. This is the author's reflection on Peter the Great as a reformer, collection different opinions and assessments of his actions. This poem is one of his perfect compositions, having philosophical meaning. We offer for acquaintance brief analysis poems, the material can be used to work on literature lessons in grade 7.
Brief analysis
Year of writing– 1833
History of creation- During his "golden autumn", when Pushkin was forced to stay in the Boldin estate, the poet had a creative upsurge. In that "golden" time, the author created many brilliant works that produced great impression both to the public and critics. One of such works of the Boldino period was the poem "The Bronze Horseman".
Topic– The reign of Peter the Great, the attitude of society to his reforms – main topic"The Bronze Horseman"
Composition– The composition consists of a large introduction, it can be considered as a separate poem, and two parts, in which in question about the main character, the devastating flood of 1824, and about the meeting of the hero with the Bronze Horseman.
Genre- The genre of "The Bronze Horseman" is a poem.
Direction - historical poem describing actual events, direction- realism.
History of creation
At the very beginning of the history of the creation of the poem, the writer was in the Boldin estate. He thought a lot about history Russian state, about its rulers and autocratic power. At that time, society was divided into two types of people - some fully supported the policy of Peter the Great, treated him with adoration, and the other type of people found in the great emperor similarities with evil spirit, considered him a fiend, and treated him accordingly.
The writer listened to different opinions about the reign of Peter, the result of his reflections and the collection of various information, was the poem "The Bronze Horseman", which completed his Boldino heyday of creativity, the year the poem was written was 1833.
Topic
In The Bronze Horseman, the analysis of the work displays one of the main topics- power and a small person. The author reflects on the rule of the state, on the collision of a small man with a huge colossus.
Myself the meaning of the name- "The Bronze Horseman" - contains the main idea poetic work. The monument to Peter is made of bronze, but the author preferred another epithet, more ponderous and gloomy. So, through expressive artistic means, the poet describes a powerful state machine, for which the problems of small people suffering from the power of autocratic rule are indifferent.
In this poem, conflict between the little man and the authorities does not have its continuation, a person is so small for the state, when "the forest is cut down - the chips fly."
In different ways one can judge the role of one person in the fate of the state. In his introduction to the poem, the author characterizes Peter the Great as a man of amazing intelligence, far-sighted and decisive. Being in power, Peter looked far ahead, he thought about the future of Russia, about its power and invincibility. The actions of Peter the Great can be judged in different ways, accusing him of despotism and tyranny in relation to common people. It is impossible to justify the actions of a ruler who built power on the bones of people.
Composition
Pushkin's ingenious idea in the features of the composition of the poem serves as proof of the poet's creative skill. A large introduction dedicated to Peter the Great and the city he built can be read as an independent work.
The language of the poem has absorbed all genre originality emphasizing the attitude of the author to the events he describes. In the description of Peter and Petersburg, the language is pretentious, majestic, completely in harmony with the appearance of the emperor, great and powerful.
The story is told in a completely different language. simple Evgenia. Narrative speech about the hero is in the usual language, reflects the essence of the "little man".
The greatest genius of Pushkin is clearly visible in this poem, it is all written by one poetic size, but in different places works sound completely different. The two parts of the poem following the introduction can also be considered a separate work. These parts talk about ordinary person who lost his girlfriend in a flood.
Eugene blames the monument to Peter for this, implying in it the emperor himself - the autocrat. A person who dreams of simple human happiness has lost the meaning of life, having lost the most precious thing - he has lost his beloved girl, his future. It seems to Evgeny that the Bronze Horseman is chasing him. Eugene understands that the autocrat is cruel and ruthless. Crushed by grief, the young man goes crazy, and then dies, left without the meaning of life.
It can be concluded that in this way the author continues the theme of the “little man”, developed at that time in Russian literature. By this he proves how despotic government is in relation to the common people.
main characters
Genre
The work "The Bronze Horseman" belongs to the genre verse poem with a realistic direction.
The poem is large-scale in its deep content, it includes both historical and philosophical problems. There is no epilogue in the poem, and the contradictions between the little man and the whole state remain open.
