Novodevichy cemetery graves of celebrities. What secrets does the Novodevichy cemetery keep

Cemeteries speak better about the history of Russia than all the textbooks and howls of propagandists. Novodevichy is a cemetery where the founders of the state lie, their graves are the foundation of Russia.

Novodevichy is the second most important cemetery in Russia. The first is the Mausoleum and the Kremlin wall. But today Novodevichy is becoming the main burial place for honored persons.

There are never a lot of people on Novodevichy (only if they don’t bury someone significant, but there are very few significant ones these days). During a 4-5-hour inspection of the cemetery, it is good if you meet 30-40 people. This is not counting foreign tourists- those are brought large groups, but they are led to see only 10-15 "main" graves - Yeltsin, Chaliapin, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, etc. Most of the tombstones, fences and monuments are unkempt, rickety, the areas are overgrown with weeds, the inscriptions have been erased by time. There are many thrushes and starlings in the branches of trees, for some reason there are no crows at all.


Alfred Schnittke

Arkady Raikin

Belaa Akhmadullina

Artyom Borovik, journalist

Nobel Laureate Academician Ginzburg

Legendary personality - Ari Abramovich Sternfeld. Dry lines of biography about him:

Calculated and theoretically investigated a lot of space flight trajectories, having determined the energetically optimal ones. These trajectories, with a preliminary distance from the target, allowing significant fuel savings, are called "Sternfeld". He introduced the concept of cosmic velocities and calculated their starting values. He formulated the problem of the existence of "seasons of space navigation". The terms "cosmonautics", "first cosmic speed" were introduced by him for the first time in his book "Introduction to Cosmonautics" (1934; in Russian - Moscow, 1937). For the first time, he applied the theory of relativity to the analysis of interstellar flights, to improve the accuracy of trajectory calculations, and proved that reaching the stars, in principle, is possible during a human life.

Back in 1932, Sternfeld, at the invitation of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry, came to Moscow to design his project on an android robot. Android, like two other inventions: devices for recording the movements of human organs and a screw press with controlled force, Sternfeld proposed to use when performing time-consuming and dangerous work on earth and in space.

In 1934, through the USSR Trade Representation in Paris, Sternfeld transferred a copy of his typewritten manuscript to French"Initiation à la Cosmonautique" ("Introduction to astronautics") to Moscow.

A year later, in June 1935, leaving almost all of his scientific and personal archives with his parents in Lodz and capturing only the most necessary, he and his wife come to the Soviet Union for permanent residence.

Well, then the theoretical practical work in closed scientific research institutes on cosmonautics. Interestingly, it was Sternfeld who first introduced Europe to Tsiolkovsky, whom he considered his teacher, corresponded and was friends with him until his death. In 1932, he translated and published part of Tsiolkovsky's works in the French communist newspaper L'Humanité. At the same time, Tsiolkovsky sent him his photograph, and for the first time the world saw the face of a Russian cosmologist on the pages of the Western media.

Surgeon Bakulev

Poet Velimir Khlebnikov and his relatives

General Eternal and his wife. And what does Pyotr Zigmundovich “Vernon Kress” (writer Demant) do in this grave?

He is a subject of Austria-Hungary, lived in Bukovina. After the collapse of the empire, he graduated from universities in Brno and German Aachen, served as an officer in the Romanian army (Bukovina then went to Romania). In 1940 he became a Soviet citizen. On June 13, 1941, among a large group of Chernivtsi Jews, he was arrested by the NKVD and on June 18 he was exiled to Siberia (Narym Territory).

Peter Demant managed to escape from the settlement (Pudino), but after 5 months of taiga wanderings he was caught, accused of spying for Austria and sentenced to 5 years in the camps and 5 years of disqualification. Shortly after his release, he was arrested again, convicted on charges of counter-revolutionary activities. From September 1946, he served a term in the Asino camp in the Tomsk region, then worked at a pig farm in the Usvitlovsky invalid camp, at the New Pioneer mine.

Released in 1953 under an amnesty, for 23 years he worked as a loader in the trade office of the workers' supply department in the village of Yagodnoye, Magadan Region. In 1975 he received a passport.

In 1978 he was allowed to move to the Crimea. Having married Irina Petrovna Vechnaya, the daughter of a prominent Soviet military leader, he got the opportunity to go to her in Moscow. At the same time, without hope of publication, he began to write memoir prose. In 1992, the publishing house published a book of the writer's memoirs about camp life, Zecameron of the 20th Century, in a small edition.

A number of mass graves are victims of the crashes of airships and the Maxim Gorky aircraft in 1936-38. The ashes of these people are mounted in the wall of the Novodevichy Convent:

Directed by Dziga Vertov

At the cemetery, several thousand urns with ashes are built into the walls. Mostly these are burials of the 1930-60s. Very often epitaphs, poems, parting words are carved on the plates there.

The grave of the first president of Russia - Yeltsin. There are very few flowers from fans of his work. Ironically, he is buried right next to the grave of the magician Kyo.

And here is the grave of Kyo itself:

The Young Guard Zhora officially died three times. The first time, Zhora was confused with another underground worker thrown by the Germans and Cossack collaborators into a mine in Krasnodonsk. The second - at the end of 1944 on the battlefield, confusing him with another fighter. And both times mothers sent funerals for George. The third death turned out to be real - he died of cancer.

Pyotr Andreevich Zalomov - the prototype of the hero of the novel by M Gorky "Mother" Pavel Vlasov.

Born into a working-class family, a mechanic by profession. Organizer of an anarchist circle in Nizhny Novgorod. He was one of the leaders of the May Day demonstration of 1902 in Sormovo, carried a red flag with the inscription "Down with the autocracy!". During the demonstration he was arrested, at the trial he made a speech directed against the monarchy. He was sentenced to life exile in Eastern Siberia.

In March 1905, with the assistance of A.M. Gorky, who sent 300 rubles to organize the escape, he escaped from exile. Together with the Bolsheviks, he participated in the Moscow December Uprising of 1905, the organizer of military squads.

Interestingly, he joined the CPSU (b) only in 1925. ABOUT later life reported briefly - "in economic and party work":

Alexander Zinoviev, philosopher and dissident

Academician Igor Tamm

The graves of the numerous clan of the Ilyenkovs, the founder of the dynasty of which is Vasily Pavlovich Ilyenkov (1897-1967), writer. Laureate Stalin Prize. Member of the RCP(b) since 1918. Father of the philosopher Evald Ilyenkov.

V.P. Ilyenkov was born in 1897 in the village. Shilovo-Smolenskoye (now the Dorogobuzh district of the Smolensk region) in the family of a priest. After four classes at the Smolensk Theological Seminary, in 1915-1917 he studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of Yuryev University (did not graduate). In 1917 he was drafted into the army. In 1928-1930 he was the editor of the newspapers Our Village and Bryansk Worker. In 1930 he moved to Moscow, until 1932 he was the organizational secretary of the RAPP. In Moscow, he lived with his family in the famous "writer's house" in Kamergersky Lane:

Journalist and writer Ilya Ehrenburg

Joseph Hamburg, one of the famous militants of the RSDLP. There are the following lines about his time in the tsarist prison:

“The friendship between Hamburg and Frunze was entrenched in the Alexander Central, where they were transferred in August 1914.

Politicians were placed together with criminals. The barrack was densely packed with prisoners, but there were three times more bedbugs in it. Bed bugs shared food, people shared places. Skirmishes broke out constantly.

Someone poked Hamburg in the side: “Go to the bucket, zhidyara!” Joseph, a militant convicted of barricade fighting, did not remain in debt, and many reached for sharpeners. A stabbing was brewing. Frunze jumped off the bunk and shouted to the criminals: “If you start a fight, we’ll beat you up, you won’t pick up the bones. Remember these words! It sounded pretty impressive. Urki fell silent, and since then quarrels have become a rarity, and a new "authority" was chosen by the headman: everyone understood that no one could protect the interests of prisoners before the administration like this person.

An interesting monument for 1962, especially since the one lying under it is an ordinary teacher

Academician Landau and his family

General Lebed, Yeltsin's failed successor

A rare occurrence in Soviet era when the deceased is immortalized with an artifact of their line of work

Chairman of the Communist Party of South Africa, adhered to the Stalinist version of communism, for which he was expelled from the party by his comrades-in-arms

Writer Yuri Nagibin

Actor Anatoly Papanov

Writer Panferov

Writer Yuzovsky

Directed by Ptushko (Ptushkin). The monument in the form of a snag is 37 years old, it began to collapse. A rare domestic director whose films received two international awards at once - in 1935 the prize of the Venice Film Festival for "New Gulliver" and in 1953 the Silver Lion of the same film festival for "Sadko"

Monument to Raisa Gorbacheva; perhaps the most a large number of flowers on her grave. But it is sad that arborvitae have dried up around the monument, and the caretakers do not pay attention to this.

An English orientalist and, apparently, an English intelligence officer, Yuri Nikolayevich Roerich. He studied at three universities - at the School of Oriental Studies at the University of London, at the American Harvard and the University of Paris. He spent almost his entire life on expeditions in British India and Tibet. In 1941, he turned to London with a request to be enlisted in the Red Army, received the rank of colonel of the Red Army, while serving in the Himalayas during the Second World War. In 1957 he returned to the USSR

Old Bolshevik Alexei Isidorovich Rudenko. In 1939 he was sentenced to 5 years in the camps and 5 years of exile, in 1954 he was rehabilitated. It is believed that he was the first author of an anti-Stalinist poem on the death of Stalin, here it is:

So, end. Full, friends, a glass.
Forever, historian, mint this date:
Today the cockroach lay down in the coffin,
And only a mustache threatens us out of habit.

May the name of God never leave your lips,
And, harnessed to the gun carriage,
High priests suggest
deadly marafet,

Let the cannons roar
And a master of spicy dishes
Russia, fed up
The last salute

May there be no end to false chants
And crocodile tears
He is dead. And no balm
Will not drown out his decay.

Monument to the traveler and TV presenter Yuri Senkevich

Monument to film director Sergei Gerasimov.
Monument to the artist Gerasimov Sergey Vasilyevich -

Satirist Smirnov-Sokolsky. The first director of the Variety Theatre. The owner of the largest private library in the USSR - about 15 thousand volumes. After his death, the library was valued at 6 million rubles

The wife of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky is nee Sofya Mushkat. Auditor of the cash desk of the RSDLP in Geneva. She spent 8 years in Siberian exile. After the death of her husband - a major functionary of the Comintern and party historian

Monument pop singer Leonid Utyosov

One of the most revered graves by fans is the football player of the CDKA Fedotov. True, fans are too lazy to pull out numerous weeds on the grave

Urns with the ashes of the families of Indian communists and intellectuals

Burials of the numerous Khrushchev family

humble grave former chairman government and "president for an hour" (he acted as president during Yeltsin's heart surgery) Viktor Chernomyrdin

Monument to the writer Yulian Semyonov reverse side- to his relatives Lyandres

Son of Felix Dzerzhinsky. Worker of the Comintern, since 1943 - in the apparatus of the CPSU (b)

Celebrity graves on Novodevichy cemetery- the most famous and prestigious necropolis of Moscow - are included in the "must see" list of excursion and tourist routes in the capital of Russia. The churchyard was founded in late XIX century at the southern wall of the Novodevichy Convent. Subsequently, the burial places of prominent compatriots, major politicians, scientists, and people of art were located here.

Yeltsin's grave and statesmen at the Novodevichy Cemetery

Boris Yeltsin, First President Russian Federation, buried in section 6 of the Novodevichy cemetery (central alley). A Russian tricolor of red porphyry, sky-blue Byzantine mosaics and white marble spread out in monumental folds on a wide tombstone.

Grave of Alexandra Kollontai, Russian revolutionary noble origin, framed by her sculptural image. Kollontai became the first woman minister in the world, then the plenipotentiary representative of the USSR in Mexico, Norway, Sweden, and in 1944-1945. - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the Kingdom of Sweden.

Tombstone of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1958-1964. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev confirms the unspoken rule that Kremlin wall disgraced statesmen were not buried. The difficult political fate of the Soviet leader is symbolically reflected in the tombstone made by Ernst Neizvestny, commissioned by Khrushchev's son. Simple, sculpted with the maximum portrait resemblance, the face of the First Secretary is surrounded, like an angular spacesuit, by a white and black vertical composition - faith in a bright communist future and the dark legacy of mass repression.

Andrey Gromyko, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. "No" to the Soviet foreign policy, was the last to be buried at the Kremlin wall. Nevertheless, the grave was placed at the Novodevichy cemetery at the will of Gromyko himself and at the request of his relatives.

The monumental monument to General Alexander Lebed, governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, who died in a plane crash, depicts the commander sitting, in full dress with a full set of orders.

Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation in 1992-1998, rests in a paired family grave, decorated with monuments in the traditional Russian style, carved in black marble.

The gravestone of Yevgeny Primakov, intelligence officer and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, was a massive monolith of gray granite and a light stone scroll with the text of a poem written by this outstanding politician: “I firmly decided everything: to be in a team to the end, until I won't breathe until I fall. And if it becomes unbearably hard, then I won’t leave the road either.”

Famous scientists at the Novodevichy cemetery

IN Novodevichy Necropolis powerful thinkers, founders of scientific directions and schools, who lived extremely fruitfully, were buried.

The snow-white marble monument, covered with a transparent protective case, marks the burial place of the Russian cosmic scientist, an outstanding mineralogist Vladimir Vernadsky, who first introduced the terms "biosphere" and "noosphere". At the base of the monument is a quote: "We live in a wonderful time when man becomes a geological force that changes the face of our planet."

Tombstone of a brilliant theoretical physicist, laureate Nobel Prize Lev Landau by Ernst Neizvestny. A block of dark granite with a pectoral sculptural portrait of a scientist rests on a metal column formed by three concave sections.

The grave of the geologist and geographer Vladimir Obruchev is marked by a gray granite monolith with a sculptural portrait and symbolic image geological hammer crossed by a writer's pen. Obruchev perfectly mastered the art of effective time management, successfully combining intensive scientific work with the creation of science fiction works, including such voluminous ones as Plutonia and Sannikov Land.

Famous composers at the Novodevichy Cemetery

The names of the composers buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery entered the history of music as significant events.

A black marble stele with the dates of the life of Sergei Prokofiev marks the burial place worldwide famous author instrumental concerts, symphonies, seven operas and eleven ballets.

No less concise is the tombstone of Dmitri Shostakovich, one of the most performed composers peace. His many works had a significant impact on the development musical culture humanity.

The restless grave of Gogol. Burials of writers at Novodevichy

The great classic Nikolai Gogol was buried at the Danilovsky cemetery. In 1931, during the liquidation of this monastery churchyard in the midst of the struggle against religion, the ashes of the writer were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1952, instead of the old cross with a stone foot, stood over a new grave sculptural monument with the inscription "To the great Russian artist, a word from the government Soviet Union". In 2009, the tombstone again acquired its former appearance: only a stone and only a cross.

A special black stone with a bumpy surface, located on the original grave of Gogol, reminiscent of Golgotha ​​- the place of the crucifixion of Christ, was installed as a tombstone over the burial place of another master of the word - Mikhail Bulgakov.

The Novodevichy Cemetery as a whole has become a real pantheon of writers and poets. Here, under a white stele in the new Russian style, lies Anton Chekhov. The urn with the ashes of the frantic futurist, proletarian poet Vladimir Mayakovsky is buried under a massive slab of dark gray granite. Above the grave of the creator of new words, "Chairman the globe» Velimir Khlebnikov laid an ancient statue from the Kyrgyz steppes. The tombstone of the intellectual symbolist Valery Bryusov, who sought inspiration at the intersection of science and poetry, adorns an accurate, stylistically consistent profile portrait of the poet. A medallion with a bas-relief profile of Alexei Tolstoy, treated kindly by the Soviet authorities, is accompanied by sculptural images of the characters of his most monumental works- novels "Peter the Great" and "Walking through the torments". The monument to Alexander Fadeev is complemented by Krasnodon heroes from the Young Guard. There are no sculptures or portraits on the grave of the remarkable poet Andrei Voznesensky. Tombstone made according to his own project, is an inclined polished plane of dark granite. On it, as if a large one is about to roll down stone ball, which keeps only a small bronze crucifix from the rapid movement down the slope.

Steel arms-wings, fiery motor of the heart - creators and heroes

Bas-relief and sculptural portraits mark the burial places of prominent aircraft designers - Pavel Sukhoi (Su fighters), Andrei Tupolev (Tu aircraft), Semyon Lavochkin (LaGG and La fighters), Alexander Yakovlev (Yak fighters).

Polar pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky, the first to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and Air Marshal, three times Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin, an ace fighter, one of the most productive pilots of the Great Patriotic War, are buried at Novodevichy.

Space. Earth. Ocean

Above the grave of cosmonaut No. 2 German Titov, his sculptural portrait with an eagle is installed. "Eagle" was Titov's call sign in radio sessions with the Earth. Pilot-cosmonaut, test pilot Georgy Beregovoy, who piloted the Soyuz-3 spacecraft, buried at Novodevichy, received his first title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.

The space theme is displayed on the exclusive tombstone of Yuri Senkevich, who for 30 years was the permanent TV presenter of the Film Travel Club. Senkevich was engaged in medical training of space and high-latitude expeditions, took part in ocean voyages on papyrus boats "Ra" and "Tigris" at the invitation of Thor Heyerdahl. On the tombstone, these journeys are represented by a sculptural wave with a reed ship under direct sail.

Act four, last and eternal

Life is like a play three steps- presentation, ups and downs and denouement - for the people of the scene, the fourth action can continue, continuing in the memory of followers and fans.

The author of the acting technique of genuine emotions, which has been followed for a hundred years, Konstantin Stanislavsky rests at the Novodevichy cemetery under a red granite slab. On it is a white vertical stele-curtain with the emblem of the Moscow Art Theater - a seagull, topped with a large Orthodox cross.

On the grave of a direct follower of Stanislavsky, Yevgeny Vakhtangov, a bronze figure of a woman is installed, whose sadly bowed face is hidden by a cape.

Burial place great Mary Yermolova is indicated by a vase made of dark polished granite with a falling drapery. A bas-relief profile of the actress is placed on a dark pedestal.

The bas-relief profile of the actor of unique talent, Innokenty Smoktunovsky, is depicted in a round medallion on a gray grave boulder. bronze sculpture Vyacheslav Tikhonova reproduces the image of an actor in the role of a scout Stirlitz. On the grave of Oleg Efremov there is a white marble rounded stele with a bas-relief Orthodox cross. The monument to Lyudmila Gurchenko combines black polished granite and snow-white marble with a sculptural image of the actress in full height. Yuri Yakovlev's grave is overshadowed by a white marble eight-pointed cross, decorated in the style of Chekhov's tombstone. The great comedian Yuri Nikulin is forever imprinted in bronze, sitting on a low curb-pedestal.

At the Novodevichy Cemetery there are many memorable places, which allow us to recall the great voices of Russia - Chaliapin, Zykin, Yuri Levitan, a whole galaxy of artists, outstanding chess players, film directors, doctors, teachers, architects. This necropolis with twenty-five thousand graves is a real encyclopedia of Russian celebrities.

Novodevichy cemetery. Celebrity Lists

• Alexander Vertinsky
• Ludmila Zykina
• Elena Obraztsova
• Galina Vishnevskaya
• Claudia Shulzhenko
• Fyodor Chaliapin
• Leonid Utyosov
• Yuri Levitan

World Chess Champions

• Vasily Smyslov
• Mikhail Botvinnik

A galaxy of artists and famous patrons

• Valentin Serov
• Witold Byalynitsky-Birulya
• Isaac Levitan
• Mikhail Nesterov
• Tretyakov brothers

actors

• Arkady Raikin
• Yury Nikulin

Film directors

• Sershgei Eisenstein
• Sergey Bondarchuk
• Eldar Ryazanov

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Novodevichy Cemetery is considered the second most important burial place in Moscow. At the same time, it is also one of the oldest. There was a cemetery back in 1898 on the south side of the Novodevichy convent. More than a hundred years ago, it was considered an honorable place for the last refuge due to the proximity of the holy monastery.

During the Soviet Union, Novodevichy turned into a real pantheon national heroes and prominent figures of art and science. More prestigious can only be a burial near the Kremlin wall.

History of Novodevichy

The very first graves on the territory of the modern Novodevichy cemetery appeared in the 16th century. But then these were lonely cases of burials. Some of the inhabitants of the monastery found their last earthly shelter here. The number of their graves gradually increased. Over time, the tombs of noble people joined them.

In the 50s of the XX century, the territory of the Novodevichy cemetery was actively developed. It was expanded by adding soil on the southern slope. The territory was fenced with a brick wall, which adjoined the ancient monastery walls. Now there are 11 sites on Novodevichy, where more than 26 thousand people are buried. To be honored to be buried in this place, you need to be an outstanding person during your lifetime, a son (or daughter), whom the Motherland could be proud of.

Who rests here

Novodevichy Cemetery is in a sense Russian historical Museum. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Register. One of the first "sovereign" personalities buried on its territory were relatives of Ivan the Terrible: his daughter Annushka, as well as his daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law. High-born nuns also found peace here, and in the past - princesses Catherine and Evdokia Miloslavsky, Sophia, the sister of Tsar Peter I, and his wife Evdokia Lopukhina.

Later, representatives of famous Russian families were buried here: princes Sergei Trubetskoy, Alexander Muravyov, Decembrist Matvey Muravyov-Apostol, Count Alexei Uvarov and others. Soviet power the ashes of the great author of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” Nikolai Gogol and the world famous opera singer Fyodor Chaliapin (the ashes of the latter were transported from France several decades after the death of Fyodor Ivanovich).

It is interesting that on the old territory of the cemetery "grew" in a sense, a real " The Cherry Orchard". Many are buried here famous actors Moscow Art Theater headed by the unforgettable Anton Chekhov and Konstantin Stanislavsky. In addition to the graves of these prominent people on Novodevichy you can find the tombstones of the last resting places of Mikhail Bulgakov, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Samuil Marshak, Sergei Prokofiev, Vladimir Vernadsky, Ivan Sechenov and other poets, writers, playwrights, composers and scientists of world renown.

Who can be buried on Novodevichy in our time

According to official data, places for burials are provided in 2 cases: for special services to the Fatherland and in the presence of ancient family burials. In the first case, the Moscow government provides a place in the cemetery free of charge to a person whose services to the Motherland are undeniable. Such persons include outstanding scientists, figures of art and literature, politicians, etc. The state gives them the opportunity to rest for free in the immediate vicinity of the great sons of Russia and automatically replenish this glorious pantheon.

The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is one of the most famous necropolises in Russia, which appeared in the 16th century and was officially rebuilt in 1898 near the Novodevichy Convent according to the designs of architects S.K. Rodionov, I.P. Mashkov. Today, the pantheon occupies a significant area of ​​the Moscow district of Khamovniki in the Central Administrative District (about 7.5 hectares) and is divided into the Old (1904-1949), New (1949-1970) and Newest (1970-2000) Novodevichy cemetery.

Playwright Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol 31.03.1809-4.03.1852	Writer Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov 15.05.1891-10.03.1940	Artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan 30.08.1860-4.08.1900
President Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin 1.02.1931-23.04.2007	Engineer Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev 10.10.1888-23.12.1972	Singer Lyudmila Georgievna Zykina 10.07.1929-1.08.2009

Over 25,000 people are buried in the cemetery. In the tombs of the Smolensk Cathedral at the monastery are the graves of Anna Ioanovna (daughter of Tsar Ivan the Terrible), Princess Sofya Ioannovna and Empress Evdokia Lopukhina (sister of Tsar Peter I and his first wife), Princes Obolensky.

On the territory of the Old Novodevichy cemetery there are graves of the heroes of the war of 1812, including the poet Denis Davydov (1784-1839), the Decembrist princes S. Trubetskoy (1790-1860), A. N. Muravyov (1792-1863), M.I. Muravyov-Apostol (1793-1863), revolutionary A. N. Pleshcheev (1825-1893), historians and philosophers I. I. Lazhechnikov (1790-1869), A. F. Pisemsky (1821-1881), S. M. Solovyov (1820-1879), General A. A. Brusilov (1853-1926).

The ashes of the writers N.V. Gogol, S.T. Aksakov, V.A. Gilyarovsky, A. P. Chekhov, A. N. Tolstoy, I. A. Ilf, M. A. Bulgakov, S. Ya. Marshak, V. M. Shukshin, poets D. V. Venevitinov and V. V. Mayakovsky , the artist I. I. Levitan, the creators of the modern Russian theater K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, the actors L. P. Orlov, M. N. Ermolova and V. P. Maretskaya, directors U. B. Vakhtangov, S.M. Eisenstein and V. I. Pudovkin, composers A. N. Skryabin, I. O. Dunaevsky, S. S. Prokofiev and D. D. Shostakovich, singers F. I. Chaliapin and L. V. Sobinov, scientists S. I. Vavilov, I. M. Sechenov, P. P. Kashchenko and V. I. Vernadsky, architects A. V. Shchusev and V. I. Mukhina.

The first president of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, N. S. Khrushchev, aircraft designers S. V. Ilyushin and A. N. Tupolev, pilot A. Maresyev, cosmonauts G. Beregovoy and G. Titov, writers I. G. Erenburg, A. T. Tvardovsky, N. A. Zabolotsky, S. V. Mikhalkov, Yu. Nagibin and Yu. S. Semenov, directors I. A. Pyriev, M. I. Romm, S. Gerasimov, S. Bondarchuk, singers A. N. Vertinsky, L. Utesov, L. G. Zykina, L. A. Ruslanova, M. N. Bernes, K. Shulzhenko, composers O. B. Feltsman, S. T. Richter, M. L. Rostropovich, G. Sviridov, D. Kabalevsky, A. Schnittke, N. Bogoslovsky, J. Frenkel, ballerina G. S. Ulanova, artists Emil and Igor Kio, Yu. V Nikulin, Yu. V. Yakovlev, R. Plyatt, E. Leonov, A. Papanov, I. Ilyinsky, R. Bykov, N. Kryuchkov, I. Smoktunovsky, E. Matveev, E. Evstigneev, M. Ulyanov, O Yankovsky, announcer Y. Levitan

Since 1922, the Novodevichy Convent has been turned into a museum under open sky, although in the 30s more than two thousand burials were destroyed in its necropolis. In 2007, burials at the cemetery were officially discontinued after the funeral of M. Rostropovich. Today the cemetery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is known no less than the Kremlin, it is the burial place of the dead. The land area of ​​seven and a half hectares is the whole history of the Russian people.

History of occurrence

The Novodevichy cemetery appeared next to the monastery of the same name in 1898, which is located on the peninsula in Luzhniki. The monastery was founded by Prince Vasily III and dedicated to the liberation of Smolensk from the Lithuanian invasion.

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the monastery. According to one of them, it came from the field on which it is located. Once upon a time, the Tatars selected Russian girls for themselves. Another version connects the name of the monastery with its first nun, Elena Devochkina.

One way or another, this place has a rich history: the monastery burned down more than once, wandered from hand to hand, was used as a laundry, a gym, a kindergarten.

Next to the monastery was founded a cemetery for the repose of the nuns. One of the first to be buried here was the author of the Novodevichy Convent - N. E. Efimov.

There were few burials in this place for a long period. However, over time, Novodevichy Cemetery became one of the most expensive and elite burial places. The graves of celebrities of the state and cultural-historical levels are located there at every turn.

Who was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery?

People from higher circles found their last refuge under the Novodevichy Convent. These were statesmen- military leaders and ministers, painters and sculptors, poets and writers, academicians and scientists. The personalities buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery are known to many. These are (poetess), V. Bryusov (playwright), A. Chekhov and N. Chukovsky (writers), artists and sculptors A. Bubnov, N. Zhukov, V. Svarog, V. Shestakov. There are many relatives of famous politicians here - the wives of Stalin, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Dzerzhinsky.

Cheap and even more free places was not at the Novodevichy Cemetery. It was and remains one of the richest and most comfortable burial places. In this regard, the graves were repeatedly abused and vandalized. After the revolution, in 1917-1920, most of the tombstones, crosses, sculptures and fences were destroyed or taken out.

History of Russia in burials

After October revolution It was decided to make the Novodevichy Cemetery a burial place for "persons with a social position." In 1930, the graves of N. V. Gogol, D. V. Venevitinov, S. T. Aksakov, I. I. Levitan, M. N. Ermolova and others public figures were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery. Celebrity graves take center stage here.

Geographically, the churchyard consists of three parts: old cemetery (1-4th sections), new (5-8th) and newest cemetery(9-11th). It has expanded three times in its history. About 26,000 people rest in the necropolis.

A lot of historical figures buried in the old lot. Among them are M. Bulgakov and his wife, A. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Mayakovsky, I. A. Ilf, S. Ya. Marshak, V. M. Shukshin, V. I. Vernadsky, P. P. Kashchenko, A. I. Abrikosov, I. M. Sechenov, L. M. Kaganovich, V. M. Molotov, V. S. Chernomyrdin, N. S. Alliluyeva (Stalin's second wife) and many others.

The "new" territory of the cemetery is a columbarium for urns with ashes, which has about 7,000 urns. There is the ashes of the writers A. Tvardovsky and S. Mikhalkov, the aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev, the grave of the great actor of all times and peoples - Yuri Nikulin. Politicians B. Yeltsin and N. Khrushchev rest in these places.

The "newest" site is the burials of figures Russian culture, among them - E. Leonov, L. Gurchenko, M. Ulyanov, N. Kryuchkov, S. Bondarchuk, A. Schnittke and hundreds of other people.

Novodevichy Cemetery - tourism direction

Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow is one of the ten most beautiful and unique burial places in the world. It is a cultural and memorial property of Russia, and is also included in the UNESCO heritage list.

No wonder this burial place is on the list of many travel companies Moscow. Indeed, in addition to the graves of celebrities, the Novodevichy cemetery is filled with works famous sculptors and architects. tombstones The Novodevichy cemetery was completed by such creators as M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Schultz. The works are made in the new Russian style, neoclassicism and modernism were also used.

Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow: secrets and mysticism

The land of the Novodevichy cemetery has absorbed a lot of human tears and grief throughout its history. And let it sound paradoxical, but for many women the churchyard gave healing and hope. Perhaps this is because its fate, like the fate of the monastery, was largely determined by the feminine principle. Many female individuals are buried here, who during their lifetime were deeply unhappy. They loved and suffered, believed and hoped, but did not find happiness. Now the "sufferers" are in better world and their energy is able to heal and heal. She helps to find female happiness - to meet her destiny, to get married, to give birth to a long-awaited child ...

More than one eyewitness claims that strange silhouettes and shadows were seen while walking around the burial sites. Perhaps this is Abbot Devochkin, who has been guarding these lands for centuries. Maybe it's Stalin mourning at his wife's grave. Or maybe Gogol is looking for those who desecrated his grave? Rumor has it that when the writer was reburied, his body lay on its side and without a head. According to one version, the head was stolen by an unknown collector.

The most visited monument at the Novodevichy Cemetery

A lot of famous people rests at the Novodevichy cemetery. However, not all tourists are attracted by such gloomy places. This graveyard is an exception. Those wishing to visit the burial places of great cultural and politicians- hundreds.