The statue of Genghis Khan is the tourist center of Mongolia. Equestrian statue Genghis Khan is not just a statue, but a two-story tourist complex. Inside the pedestal there is a museum, a giant map of the conquests of Genghis Khan, art Gallery, conference hall, restaurants, billiard room and gift shop. Stairs and an elevator lead to an observation deck located in the horse's head, at a height of 30 meters. From here, amazing views of the endless steppes of Mongolia open up. Around the statue, it is planned to build a theme park dedicated to the Mongolian life of the era of Genghis Khan. The park will consist of six sections: a camp of warriors, a camp of artisans, a camp of shamans, a yurt of a khan, a camp of herdsmen and an educational camp.
Tourists coming to Mongolia, first of all, want to get acquainted with the homeland of Genghis Khan, but unfortunately in Mongolia, with all respect and reverence for Genghis Khaan, there are not enough museums and places where travelers can study the history of this great man. You can learn something in the Museum of History, learn something in the Military History Museum, see something in the Museum of National Costumes. But there is no such museum in Mongolia where they will tell you the story of Genghis Khan. The project of the tourist complex "Chinggis Khaan" will help visitors to learn more about this man. Despite the fact that work on the construction of a giant monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia has not yet been completed, the statue has already become a landmark, which both tourists and locals come to see. The tourist complex "Statue of Genghis Khan" is located 53 kilometers east of Ulaanbaatar, between the highway Ulaanbaatar - Erdene - Moron and the bed of the Tola River. The complex is located in the Erdene soum of the Central aimag of Mongolia.
At present, a 40-meter statue of Genghis Khan has already been installed. The creation of the sculpture took two hundred and fifty tons of stainless steel. The height of the base is 10 meters. The diameter of the base is more than 30 meters. At the base of the statue are 36 columns, symbolizing 36 khans who ruled Mongolia after Genghis Khan. The grand opening of the monument took place on September 26, 2008. The ceremony was attended by the President of Mongolia and other officials. At the moment it is already possible to climb observation deck located at a 30-meter height of the statue (on the head of a horse). Inside the ten-meter foundation - a restaurant, souvenir shops, a giant map of the conquests of Genghis Khan. And a symbolic golden whip two meters long - the same whip was the reason for the appearance of the monument in this place.
According to legend, in 1177, as a young man, Temujin (the original name of Genghis Khan before he was elected emperor at the kurultai of 1206) was returning home from Wang Khan Toorila, close friend his father, from whom he asked for strength and help. And it was in this place, where the statue is erected today, that he found a whip - a symbol of success. This allowed him to unite the Mongolian people, become Genghis Khan and conquer half the world.
The memorial complex will include historical Museum, which will present a wide exposition telling about the Mongol khans who ruled the Mongol empire, the building of the state ceremonial, a restaurant, a bar and a gift shop. An observation deck has been constructed in the horse's head, which can be reached by stairs or an elevator. The site is located at a height of 30 m, it offers an unforgettable view of the endless steppes of Mongolia.
From the exhibition hall, visitors can go up the stairs or elevator to the observation deck located in the horse's head, which offers an unforgettable view of the surrounding area. Nothing but the steppes can be seen from here. But the formidable conqueror is even closer, - Genghis Khan looks sternly to the east, - to the places where he was born.
The authors of such a grandiose project are the famous sculptor D. Erdenebileg and the architect J. Enkhzhargala. Examining the statue, you are amazed at the attention of the masters to the details. Inside, the equestrian statue is hollow and consists of two floors. Here there were places not only for a conference hall, but also for a museum of the Xiongnu era, an art gallery, a billiard room and even a restaurant! In addition, here is huge map, where you can see all the territories that Genghis Khan managed to conquer during the years of his reign, as well as a 2-meter golden whip!
According to the construction plan, the complex should be ready in 2012. A swimming pool, a park, a yurt camping will appear here - all on an area of 212 hectares. The government of the country emphasizes that large-scale construction is not only for the sake of tourists. The "Golden Whip" - this is how the complex was called - should bring good luck modern Mongolia, as he once helped the young Genghis Khan. This area will be enclosed by what appears to be a stone wall. Now the construction of the central (southern) and northern gates is underway. 100,000 trees will be planted on the territory of the complex, there will be more than 800 guest yurts for visitors to the complex.
The complex will embody the traditions of national architecture and achievements modern architecture. total area cultural and historical complex "Statue of Genghis Khan" is 212 hectares.
Often, in various publications, the forty-meter Statue of Genghis Khan is mentioned in the context of the National Park of the 13th century or the international airport. Genghis Khan. In fact, another statue of Genghis Khan is installed near the airport. The "Statue of Genghis Khan" complex and the 13th century National Park are 2 different but related projects. The National Park "Mongolia 13th century" is located almost 40 kilometers from the "Statue of Genghis Khan" complex.
In 2010, they decided to gild the monumental figure of the father of the Mongolian nation. Under the agreement, the country's gold mining companies will allocate the required amount of precious metal so that for many kilometers in the steppe one could see the dazzling brilliance of the huge sculpture of the great Mongol. The statue of Genghis Khan is not only included in the list of nine wonders of Mongolia, now it is national symbol states. Architect Erdambileg, who designed the large-scale memorial complex of Genghis Khan, says that not only his personal dream came true, but the dream of the whole Mongolian people. The majestic monument, according to the artist, is much more important than the Statue of Liberty. After all, the Americans fictional character, and among the Mongols - a real person who influenced the entire world history.
Dorjadambaagiin Erdambileg, architect memorial complex: “The idea of this monument originated in student years when I was studying in Moscow, at the Institute of Arts. But only in 2006, when the 800th anniversary of the formation of the Mongolian state was celebrated, it became possible to make the dream a reality. gothic style, as a symbol of conquered Europe. Work on the main part of the monumental complex was carried out in a short time, a sketch was developed for three months, and a model of the monument was developed for another three months. The installation of the monument itself took the same amount of time.
Workers from different countries worked in shifts around the clock. It was necessary to have time to put the very figure of Genghis Khan on a horse for a national celebration. The construction took 300 tons of steel, several million dollars were spent on the creation of the complex, and the completion of all work is scheduled only by 2010. Khaltmaagiin Battulga, Minister of Transport, Construction and Urban Planning of Mongolia: “In every country there are buildings that people are proud of, for example, the Eiffel tower in Paris, monument to Jesus Christ in Rio. Like them, our monument to Genghis Khan has become a symbol of the new Mongolia.”
famous and greatest son of the Mongolian people - Genghis Khan was immortalized in his homeland - in Mongolia, where a monument was erected to the medieval ruler. The statue of Genghis Khan depicts the great commander and khan on horseback, without which not a single Mongol of that time could imagine his existence, and even more so the ruler. A monument to one of the most famous conquerors and reformers in the world was erected near the capital of Mongolia - the city of Ulaanbaatar, in the town of Tsongzhin-Boldog.
The statue of Genghis Khan is not just a huge statue, it is a special large museum complex, which is being built by the Mongols to perpetuate the memory and history of the development of their own people and statehood. The statue itself rests on a huge round pedestal, which is actually a two-story museum building.
The Genghis Khan Museum presents compositions in which there are household items and weapons of Mongol warriors of various eras, a huge and detailed map created by the great Khan of the Empire. In addition, the museum has souvenir shops where tourists can buy a small symbol of the culture that came from the vast Asian steppes.
Statue of Genghis Khan in Mongolia
also in museum complex there are conference rooms for holding historical disputes, etc. The museum building itself has a round shape and is decorated with 36 columns according to the number of great Mongol khans.
In addition, the statue of Genghis Khan has a chic observation deck located right on the horse's head. The height of the observation deck is 30 meters. This observation deck is unique in its kind and the only one in the world with which a stunning landscape and a view of the green steppes overgrown with lush grass, high mountains and the desert rising on the border with China open up before the eyes of a person. Here you can see the world of virgin nature.
The place for the construction of the museum and the huge, 40 m high statue of Genghis Khan, was not chosen by chance. According to a legend among the Mongol tribes, it was at this place that Genghis Khan found a whip. Finding a whip in the steppe is a good omen among Mongolian nomads and pastoralists. Therefore, the Mongols decided to build a monument to their great ruler exactly at the place where the Gods sent him a favorable sign.
Currently historical complex still under construction. It is planned to build a large theme park, which will present the life of the Mongols-nomads of the era of Genghis Khan. The creators of the museum planned to build six thematic sites, each of which will present the life of representatives of a certain class of Mongolian society. Thus, it is planned to build a camp of warriors, artisans, shamans, a cattle breeder's camp, a yurt of the great khan and a school. It is known that Genghis Khan attached great importance to education. He brought together scientists who created the Mongolian alphabet and writing based on the Uyghur, opened numerous schools in which everyone studied.
On the territory of the complex there are tourist yurts, where tourists can stay and get acquainted with the life of modern Mongols. Traditional food products are also sold here - poses (large manti) and milk products.
It is noteworthy that the memorial complex and the statue of Genghis Khan were designed by a Mongolian architect named Erdembileg. The architect said that his most secret dream came true - he was able to serve the cause of the memory of the great Mongol and contributed to the revival national identity Mongols. And for the construction itself, numerous workers from other countries of the region were attracted to Mongolia.
Statue of Genghis Khan in Tsongzhin Boldog
It is difficult to find at least one person in the world who has not heard of Genghis Khan. This Mongol warrior managed to conquer in the thirteenth century most the present world and destroy about forty million people. However, the people of Mongolia revere him as a great hero who united the nation with his strong hand. And this is true, because during the reign of Genghis Khan it was founded and all the previously scattered tribes began to live in peace and harmony. About twenty years ago, there was an increased interest in his personality in the country and numerous establishments appeared with the name of a national hero.
Monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia
And the monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia has become the largest monument in the world depicting a horse rider. This statue is one of the main attractions of the country. It is to this monument that our today's article is devoted. From it you will learn how to get to the monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia, and we will also tell the story of its occurrence and make a description of the entire memorial complex. So, let's go on an exciting journey through the Mongolian steppe.
Where is the monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia?
If you happen to be in Ulaanbaatar, then do not be lazy and be sure to go to the famous monument. It is worth seeing with your own eyes. There is a monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia, fifty kilometers from the capital. To install it, choose beautiful place near the river Tola. It is convenient that a highway runs past the memorial complex. This allows tourists and local residents easy to get to the monument. The Mongols themselves consider it obligatory to come here at least once a year to pay tribute to the memory of their national hero.
Legend of the Golden Whip
It is interesting that the place for the monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia was not chosen by chance. It is associated with ancient legend about the beginning of the military path of Temujin (such a name was given to Genghis Khan at birth by his parents). Being very young, he was only looking for opportunities to unite the Mongol tribes, for this he needed a strong army, and he turned to old friend my father. He did not support Temujin and sent him home.
Saddened, he galloped across the steppe when his attention was attracted by a whip lying on the ground. According to some reports, its handle was made of gold, according to others - it looked quite ordinary, with the exception of skillful carving. The place where the great warrior found an unusual whip was the valley of the Tola River.
Legends say that Temujin's find had magic power and helped him conquer half the world. But after his death, the whip disappeared without a trace, they could not find it even after centuries. But the place where he appeared for the first time was well known, so it was here that it was decided to erect a majestic monument to Genghis Khan. In Mongolia, information about this unusual building is placed in all advertising booklets, and the statue itself is considered one of the nine Mongolian wonders. It is noteworthy that this monument combines traditional architectural motifs and innovative technologies.
Monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia: description
Many tourists say that the statue of the great conqueror becomes visible a few kilometers before it. Genghis Khan is made sitting on a horse and looking into the Mongolian steppes, where he was born. The pedestal of the monument is a room with thirty-six columns. This number was not chosen by chance: that is how many khans were replaced after the great Genghis Khan.
At the very base there are many establishments: restaurants, cafes, souvenir shops, a historical museum, which exhibits household items of the ancient Mongols. There is also a gallery displaying the work of local artists. Tourists cannot deny themselves the pleasure of tasting dishes national cuisine made from horse meat and potatoes. Of particular interest to visitors is a huge map hanging on the wall, which highlights all the territories once conquered by Genghis Khan. Also attracts attention and a whip of gold two meters long. Historians claim that it is an exact copy of the very item that Temujin found in the thirteenth century.
How many meters high is the monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia? This question is asked by everyone who sees this monument for the first time. Surprisingly, the height of the statue reaches forty meters. Nowhere in the world is there such an equestrian statue. At a height of thirty meters, there is a horse's head; architects and sculptors have equipped an observation deck in it. An elevator delivers tourists to it. Particularly hardy can climb up the stairs. Remarkable what? except for the endless steppes? nothing is visible from above, but they make an incomparable impression on most visitors to the memorial complex.
The history of the creation of the monument
The idea to create a monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia belongs to the sculptor D. Erdenebileg. While still a student, he thought about how to perpetuate the memory of the great conqueror, and even made some sketches of the future monument. In 2005, he began to closely communicate with the architect J. Enkhzhargala. Together they created a grandiose project that pleased the authorities of Mongolia. It was decided to allocate funds for the construction of the monument.
Monument construction
Construction began almost immediately, because all work was to be completed by 2008. Three months were allotted for the detailed development of the sketch, after which the workers cleared a platform for the foundation with a diameter of thirty meters. The building had to be ten meters high to make the monument one of the tallest in the world.
The construction took three years, and it took about 250 tons of stainless steel. Many tourists point out that sculptural composition replete with details. This delights all visitors to the monument, because it is hard to imagine how the builders recreated the smallest elements of Genghis Khan's attire and the harness of his horse.
The opening of the monument
In autumn 2008, a monument to Genghis Khan was unveiled in Mongolia. The press published photos and videos from this celebration literally everywhere. The ceremony was honored by the presence of the first persons of the state and the president himself.
It is noteworthy that the Mongols themselves consider the opening of the monument to be practically the main holiday in new history countries. For them, this statue is a more important symbol than the Eiffel Tower is for the Parisians and for the Americans. After all, Mongolian national hero was not an imaginary person, but real person who did a lot for the development of his people.
golden statue
Two years after the opening of the monument, it was decided to cover it with gold. For these purposes, the country's authorities turned to gold mining corporations. They immediately allocated the necessary amount of precious metal so that in the steppe there was not just a monument, but a shining statue, which was visible from afar in the rays of the sun. However, this idea has not materialized so far.
Memorial Complex
The authorities of Mongolia did not stop at the creation of the statue. On an area of 212 hectares, they decided to create a real memorial complex, where tourists from all over the world will come. This complex will be called the "Golden Whip", and here you can get acquainted with the life of the Mongols, completely immersed in their world.
It is planned to install more than eight hundred yurts for tourists in this territory, where you can stay overnight and feel like an ancient Mongol. The creators of the theme park promise to plant about a hundred thousand trees here and enclose them with a stone wall. It will be possible to enter and exit the memorial complex through the northern and southern gates. It is also planned to build a swimming pool on the territory. It is believed that after the construction is completed, this complex will have no equal not only in Mongolia, but also in neighboring countries.
Road to Genghis Khan
How to get to the monument of Genghis Khan in Mongolia? This question is asked by many tourists traveling around the country on their own. If you have your own car, then the road to the monument to the great conqueror will seem extremely simple to you.
You need to leave Ulaanbaatar for eastbound, after 16 kilometers you will see the city of Nalaikh. Here you need to turn left and go straight to the statue.
If you do not have your own car, it will be much more difficult for you to get to the monument. Many tourists use the services of sightseeing buses. You can also order a taxi. Keep in mind that public transport does not go to the monument to Genghis Khan.
Adult tourists must pay seven hundred tugriks (just over 17 rubles) to visit the monument, children from seven to twelve years old - three hundred and fifty tugriks. Children under seven years old can visit the monument absolutely free.
Monument to Genghis Khan unveiled in famous Hyde Park
Warriors in costumes from the era of Genghis Khan were supposed to be on horseback, but the London City Hall did not allow it. More precisely, she set a condition - the horses must stand still, but such obedience can only be expected from an equestrian statue. The creator of the monument is a descendant of Genghis Khan. For the Buryat Dasha, the Mongol conqueror is a sacred thing. And the sculptor did not dare to sculpt his statue for a long time.
The bronze Genghis Khan was opened as a deity - according to the author's idea, he was supposed to descend into the Kingdom from heaven. Smoke like clouds.
The real Genghis Khan, the conqueror, never made it to London, fortunately for the British. The bronze commander Dashi Namdakov came to the capital of the Kingdom in peace and stopped in a wonderful place - in the very center - near the Marble Arch at the corner of Hyde Park. There are no weapons on the statue. The rider himself, like a Buddhist monk, is immersed in himself - he contemplates the world. However, the philosopher is still primarily a warrior - one has only to look at the powerful mane of Genghis Khan's horse - and it is immediately clear: there is no need to make the owner angry.
Dashi Namdakov, sculptor: “I treated him with epic hero. Not how to historical personality, because even to make some kind of portrait - there is no exact portrait of Genghis Khan. Even those historical data that were written during their lifetime by different authors - Persians, Chinese. It feels like they are written about different people.
Dasha went to this work gradually. First, he became a production designer in the film by Sergei Bodrov Sr. "Mongol". The hero of the picture does not look at all like this sculpture. Yes, they have different stories.
Genghis Khan might not have been in London if two years ago Dashi had not been invited to Buckingham Palace to meet with the Queen's husband, the Duke of Edinburgh. The British liked the style of the sculptor. They invited him to create a monument.
Monument to Genghis Khan in Mongolia Statue of Genghis Khan in Tsongzhin Boldog
True, Dashi sculpted Genghis Khan not in the UK, but in Italy.
For all the Mongols in London, this monument is now a cult. The Minister of Education, Science and Culture of Mongolia even flew to the opening of the statue of the Russian sculptor.
Dasha treats her work calmly in a Buddhist way. He believes the shaman, who told the master that it is not he who creates, but his ancestors - with Dasha's hands. And the sculptor himself admitted that the images most often visit him at night. That is, without mysticism, it could not do here.
Dashi Namdakov, sculptor: “The fact is that the monks, Buddhist lamas from Mongolia, from Buryatia, right here in such a chain, were handed over to me in order to invest the land from the prayer places of Genghis Khan. That is, inside it is not empty, not empty. It already has its content."
The statue of Genghis Khan will stand in London for about a year, and then move to another country. Just like the real Mongols once did.
In the footsteps of Genghis Khan. Great Mongolia
When he died, the khans subordinate to him rebelled and tried to massacre his entire family. Temuchin had to wander for a long time. Possessing a flexible mind, strong will, cruelty and discretion, he rallied a group of adherents around him, dealt with his enemies one by one and continued the work of his father.
In 1206, at the general congress of nomads, he was proclaimed Genghis Khan (Great Khan, Emperor). The choice turned out to be extremely successful. Genghis Khan showed outstanding qualities as an organizer. He strengthened central government and the army; compiled a code of laws and introduced a common Mongolian script (not being able to read or write!). Declared universal military and labor service. He gave more freedom to women so that they could manage the household with the constant absences of men for the war. He made Karakorum the capital of his empire.
Starting from 1211 aggressive campaigns, he conquered China and Tibet, the states Central Asia. His hordes reached the Indus River, passed through the Transcaucasus, the Caspian, the Black Sea and defeated the Russian-Polovtsian troops on the Kalka River. By the end of his life, Genghis Khan ruled the world's largest empire, which was based on the culture and technical inventions of China. So for the first time on a global scale (more precisely, within the Old World), the East declared itself.
The victories of Genghis Khan are explained primarily by the outstanding organizational and military leadership talents of himself and the whole staff of disciplined and intelligent military leaders. He thoroughly prepared his campaigns, conducting, in particular, reconnaissance and collecting espionage information. One Persian historian of that time described the Mongols as follows: they have leonine courage, dog patience, the foresight of a crane, the cunning of a fox, the farsightedness of a raven, the rapacity of a wolf, the fighting heat of a rooster, caring for loved ones of a hen, the sensitivity of a cat, and when attacking, the violence of a boar.
Having captured China, the Mongols adopted a number of inventions from the conquered. For example, they began to use the explosive power of gunpowder during the siege of fortresses, terrifying the defenders with their artillery. If necessary, Genghis Khan knew how to play cunning diplomatic games, bribe potential opponents, and, with stubborn resistance, punish enemies with extraordinary cruelty. His huge armies passed through Central Asia, bringing destruction and death, devastating the lands, destroying flourishing cities and irrigation systems. After them, most often there were deserts. The terrible glory of Genghis Khan preceded his arrival, causing general confusion. He contributed a lot to his success. feudal fragmentation various kingdoms and principalities.
According to a contemporary, in the circle of close associates, Genghis Khan boasted that he had killed a huge number of people, shed rivers of blood, and therefore his glory would be eternal. In this he was not mistaken.
Using materials reference to the source is required
Memorial complex of Genghis Khan opened in Ulaanbaatar
In Ulaanbaatar, the opening of the memorial complex to Genghis Khan took place. In accordance with the decision of the Government of Mongolia, the complex of monuments was created in front of the Government House of Mongolia by a group of sculptors led by Bold Davaa.
For 10 months, a monument to Genghis Khan, 5.5 meters high, was built in front of the Government House. To the left of Genghis Khan, a monument to Boorch was erected, to the right - to Mukhlai. Both adjacent monuments 4.5 meters high were erected in honor of the most faithful of the nine ministers of the great khan.
The opening ceremony of the complex was attended by President of Mongolia Enkhbayar Nambar, Speaker of the Mongolian Parliament Nyamdorj Tsend, Prime Minister Enkhbold Myegombo and Chairman of the Government Administration Batbold Sundui.
In addition, it is planned to open a museum of the Mongolian state and a Hall of Respect in the expanded part of the Government House, where high-ranking foreign guests will be received. Construction work was also planned to be completed before the holidays in honor of the 800th anniversary of the founding of Mongolia, the 85th anniversary of the victory people's revolution and the 850th anniversary of Genghis Khan, however, to date they have not been completed.
According to legend, the clan of Genghis goes back to the Mongol tribe, descending from a woman named Alan-Goa, who, after the death of her husband, Dobun-Bayan, became pregnant from a ray of light. Three sons came from her: those who belong to the family of these sons are called nirun. The meaning of this word is loins, i.e., the indication of the purity of the loins confirms the origin of these sons from supernatural light. In the sixth knee from Alan-Goa direct descendant was Kabul Khan. From the grandson of the last Yesugei-bahadur came those who received the name Kiyat-burjigin. The word kiyan in Mongolian means "a large stream flowing from the mountains to the lowlands, stormy, fast and strong." Kiyat - plural from Kiyan: they also called those who are closer to the beginning of the genus. The children of Yesugei-Bahadur were nicknamed Kiyat-Burjigins because they were both Kiyat and Burjigins. Burjigin in Turkic means a person with blue eyes. The color of his skin falls into yellow. The courage of the Burjigins has become proverbial.
The son of Yesugei-bahadur Genghis Khan was born in 1162 (according to other, more doubtful data, in 1155). But already from his youth, he learned to understand people and find the right people. Bogorchin-noyon and Boragul-noyon, who were next to him even during the years of defeat, when he thought about looking for food, were so much appreciated by him that he once said: “Let there be no grief and there is no need for Bogorchi to die! there will be grief and it is not good for Boragul to die!" Sorkan-Shira from the Taijiut tribe, who captured Genghis Khan, who contributed to the escape from captivity, subsequently received full honor and respect for his person, for children and supporters. Genghis Khan dedicated almost poetic lines to Sorkin's son Shire Jiladkan-bahadur, meaning his courage:
"I did not see a footman who would fight and get the head of the recalcitrant in his hands! I did not see (a person) like this hero!"
There was a certain Sorkak, the named father of Genghis. At a time when Genghis was not yet a sovereign, he said: many people strive for power, but in the end Temujin will become the head and the kingdom will be established behind him, by the unanimity of the tribes, for he has the abilities and dignity for this, and on his forehead there are obvious . The signs of heavenly omnipotence and royal prowess are obvious. The words turned out to be prophetic. Extreme delicacy characterizes Chingiz's attitude towards his first and beloved wife Borte. He did not allow anyone to doubt her chastity after a year of her captivity. From the relationship of personal allegiance, a model of vassalage was formed, which he subsequently elevated to a system. The personal qualities of Genghis Khan, with all their originality, fit into the age-old characters and age-old motives that politicians have lived and still live to this day: the desire to inspire the indisputability of their leadership, the path (sometimes difficult) of advancing to the top of power through treachery and devotion, through hatred and love, through betrayal and friendship, the ability to assess situations and make decisions that bring success.
The succession line from Genghis Khan was carried over the centuries by his direct and indirect descendants - Genghisides in the vast Asian region. There is a certain identity of family traits in the activities of Genghisides in general, and those who came forward as leaders of the consolidation and formation of a single Kazakh statehood. From the first-born Genghis Khan Jochi in the sixteenth generation, we have the famous Ablai, his grandson Kenesary. The grandson of the latter Azimkhan (1867-1937) was highly respected by the people. He participated in the government of Alash-Orda as a hydro-reclamation specialist and contributed to the familiarization of the Kazakhs with agriculture, was repressed as an "enemy of the people."
In the life of Genghis Khan, two main ones can be distinguished. stage: this is the period of unification of all Mongolian tribes into a single state and the period of conquests and the creation great empire. The border between them is marked symbolically. His original name was Tengrin Ogyugsen Temuchin. At the kurultai in 1206, he was proclaimed the Divine Genghis Khan, his full name in Mongolian it became Delkyan ezen Sutu Bogda Genghis Khan, that is, the Lord of the world, sent down by God Genghis Khan.
In European historiography for a long time the tradition of portraying Genghis Khan as a bloodthirsty despot and barbarian dominated. Indeed, he was not educated and was illiterate. But the very fact that he and his heirs created an empire that united 4/5 of the Old World, from the mouths of the Danube, the borders of Hungary, Poland, Veliky Novgorod to Pacific Ocean, and from the Arctic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea, the Arabian Desert, the Himalayas and the mountains of India, testifies at least to him as a brilliant commander and prudent administrator, and not just a conqueror-destroyer and terrorist.
As a conqueror, he has no equal in world history. As a commander, he was characterized by boldness in strategic plans, deep foresight in political and diplomatic calculations. Intelligence, including economic intelligence, the organization of courier communications on a large scale for military and administrative purposes - these are his personal discoveries. In the reassessment of the personality of Genghis Khan, a significant role was played by the movement called the Eurasian. With regard to Genghis Khan, the Eurasians abandoned the concept of " Tatar-Mongol yoke", which is connected with the ideas of Russia-Eurasia as a special historical and cultural region, equally dissimilar to Western Europe, the Middle East or China, Russia as the heiress of the Mongol Empire of the XIII-XIV centuries. The second idea of the Eurasianists is an explanation of the reasons for the sharp rise in the activity of the Mongol tribes in Transbaikalia under the leadership of Genghis Khan specific sign- passionarity. A person endowed with passionarity is obsessed with an irresistible desire for activity for the sake of an abstract ideal, a distant goal, for the achievement of which the passionary sacrifices not only the lives of those around him, but also his own. There are periods of a sharp increase in the number of passionaries in the ethnic group in comparison with the inhabitants. According to the terminology of Genghis Khan, there are "people of long will", for whom honor and dignity are more valuable than anything, well-being and even life itself. They are opposed by those who value security and well-being above their personal dignity and honor.
The network of communication lines he created, which opened unprecedented access for government and private needs, ensured trade and cultural exchange within the empire. Genghis Khan wanted to bring trade such conveniences that it would be possible throughout his empire to wear gold on his head like ordinary vessels, without fear of robbery and harassment.
His attention to personnel policy is evidenced by the facts of respect for the bearers of technology and culture, concern for the education of his children, and the involvement of a descendant of the Khitan house, Elyu Chucai, in the service. This philosopher and astrologer was in charge of administration, finance, and the office of the empire. Marco Polo, among the noble features of Genghis Khan, notes that he did not violate property rights in the conquered countries.
The most important component spiritual heritage Genghis Khan is a code of laws compiled by him, perfect for his time, the so-called Yases. He elevated the written law to a cult, was supporters of a firm rule of law.
In addition to strict adherence to the law, Genghis Khan considered religiosity to be the most important basis of statehood.
Genghis Khan died in 1227 and was buried in the area Purkash-Kaldun (now this place is not identified). According to legend, once in this area, under the shade of a green tree, Genghis Khan, having experienced "some kind of inner joy," said to those close to him: "The place of our last home should be here."
V.I.Vernadsky owns the idea that the legacy of Genghis Khan has "tremendous world-historical significance", thanks to which "peoples of various, often very high culture got the opportunity to influence each other."
Emphasizing the originality of Genghis Khan's personal qualities, one should not, in contrast to the tradition that depicted him as a cruel conqueror, embellish the political appearance of Temujin, but perceive him in all the multidimensionality of his features, both positive and negative. Like any conqueror, he fought, therefore, destroyed, destroyed, ruined, plundered, but at the same time attracted the defeated to his side, tried in a number of cases to show economic efficiency, prudence, concern for the future and the strength of his conquests.
Genghisism is a concept that Kazakhstani researcher V.P. Yudin considered necessary to introduce into historical science. It meant not only that certain practical traditions, including the traditions of the inheritance of military art long time continued to operate on the large territory conquered by him and his descendants. What is meant is something else, namely, an ideology, and, moreover, so powerful that it could consolidate on a large scale and for a long time what can be called the geopolitical legacy of Genghis Khan.
V.P. Yudin calls this ideology a worldview, ideology, philosophy, the sanction of the social order and structure social institutions, political and legal system, cultural doctrine, the basis of education, a means of regulating behavior in society.
The British Air Force Corporation removed documentary, which shows the Mongol commander Genghis Khan in a completely different light. Instead of a cruel barbarian who flooded the conquered cities with blood, Genghis Khan will appear as a great leader who brought literacy, laws and culture to the people. This was reported on the website of The Telegraph.
Program producer Ed Bazalgette believes that the image of Genghis Khan in the European mind is unjustifiably distorted.
About monuments to Genghis Khan or how to stop denying your history
"Genghis Khan is perceived here as Attila or Hitler. Everyone has heard his name, but few people know his history. We want to cut through the layers of myths. Nobody says that he was a saint, but the history of Genghis Khan is written by those whom he defeated."
“Imagine that the history of England was written by people from Africa or India,” said Bazalgette. “Genghis Khan did not rob his subjects, he wanted to raise the level of culture, bring laws to his people. He introduced his subjects to Chinese medicine.”
Bazalgette is not alone in his assessment of Genghis Khan. Mike Yates, director of the company, said that the commander is an example of a person who has achieved success with the qualities necessary for any leader at all times.
"Genghis Khan was quite liberal and tolerant for his time," Yeats said. "He never persecuted people for their religious beliefs."
A documentary film about Genghis Khan was filmed for a month and a half in Mongolia. The film's budget was £1 million. For filming, 15 cavalrymen from the Mongolian army were invited.
According to Bazalgette, in Mongolia, the news of the filming of the film caused enthusiasm, because Mongolia believes that the world should know much more about Genghis Khan than it does now. Currently, the surname Genghis Khan is more than 50 thousand Mongols.
Genghis Khan, considered the founding father of Mongolia, was born between 1155 and 1167. He managed to unite the country and led his warriors along the path of conquest. During its heyday, the territory of the Empire of Genghis Khan stretched from the Yellow Sea to the Black Sea.
V. Bogunova, Moscow, 2002
The history of the appearance of the monument
In the XIII century, Genghis Khan walked through the steppes like a hurricane, conquering the peoples. And it all began in the foothills of Khentei, east of modern Ulaanbaatar. Here, in the Tsongzhin-Boldog region, on Mount Burkhan-Khaldun, sacred to the Mongols, Temujin was born, in the prime of his influence, he received the name of Genghis. On its slope in 1227 they buried the great khan, and then his son and grandchildren. Their names are not so well known, but the historical significance is great. Mongke's grandson, for example, in his campaigns reached the Adriatic Sea, and his brother, known in European literature as Kubla Khan, founded the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. To protect the posthumous rest of the khans, a thousandth detachment of guards was constantly on duty over their graves, not allowing onlookers. As a result, the surroundings inaccessible to man were overgrown with grass and trees, and even in ancient times the burial place was lost.
In the same places, young Temujin received a sign - he found a gilded whip, a symbol of future power over the world. This gave him the strength to get out of poverty, to which the family was doomed after the death of his father, to attract comrades-in-arms and begin his victorious march across Asia. Over time, they began to forget about the founder of the Mongol Empire, but in the 20th century, their image was taken out of their non-existence and hoisted on the banner of the struggle for independence from China. The heroic figure did not last long: Soviet Mongolia banned the veneration of Genghis Khan, and his images were to be destroyed. Since the 90s, the cult of Genghis Khan has been restored, and now he is a pride for the Mongols, although young people are well aware of his ambiguity.
In 2006, the country celebrated the 800th anniversary of the empire and decided to create an unprecedented monument to the founder. Waste land was taken under construction in the place where, according to legend, he once found a whip. A project of the complex was developed, in 2008 a monument to Genghis Khan was presented to the audience. To date, the monument itself has been completely completed and the arrangement of the park around it has begun.
Geographical location of the monument to Genghis Khan
The complex is only an hour away by car from the capital, but visitors get the feeling that the 12th century continues and nomads roam somewhere far away along the endless hilly steppe. However, traces of civilization in these parts are present. Nalaikh airfield is located 15 km southwest of the monument to Genghis Khan. From 1968 to 1989, a Soviet helicopter regiment was stationed here, now the airfield receives civilian charter flights. 20 km to the southeast is the village of Erdene, surprisingly reminiscent of the Russian hinterland. The only difference is the yurts standing here and there in the yards. There are small shops with the most necessary things, a pub with karaoke is open in a tiny house. Between the complex and the village there is an asphalt road of good quality.
Most tourists visit the monument to Genghis Khan on the way to national park Gorkhi-Terlezh, lying 20 km to the north. Landscapes here are more diverse: deciduous forests, small rivers and streams, rocky peaks, grassy hills. Climbing the mountains canopies, accessible without special training and tourist equipment. Several dozens of bases and rest houses have been built in the southern part of the park; restaurants, souvenir shops operate here, playgrounds are equipped, and the first spa center in the country has been opened. Travelers will be offered to hunt, ride horses and camels. For fishing, it is recommended to go further into the mountains, since the Tuul River, which flows near the monument to Genghis Khan, is polluted with industrial emissions and human waste.
Architectural features of the complex
Travelers enter the territory of the complex through triumphal arch topped with figures of equestrian warriors. Passing a spacious parking lot, the guests come to a wide long staircase and go up to the monument to Genghis Khan. You can take a detour along the paved paths and admire the life-sized sculptures Mongolian warriors urging their horses.
The monument to Genghis Khan rests on a round base with 36 columns - symbols of the khans of the Mongol Empire from Genghis to Ligden, who ruled in the 17th century. Formally, this is a classic European rotunda without the slightest hint of national flavor, although the authors of the project, both the sculptor D. Erdenebileg and the architect J. Enkhzhargal, are Mongols. A powerful 10-meter base hides two floors with museum exhibits, toilets, a restaurant with horse meat dishes and unexpected entertainment in the form of a billiard room. The most interesting objects are a 4-meter-high gilded lash and a 9-meter-long leather boot with a sharp, curved nose, which was used to spur horses, and bright national embroidery. The souvenir shop offers tourists knives with bone handles, hats trimmed with fur. From the weekday post office inside the pedestal, you can send a postcard home. Professional guides work with tourists, including Russian-speaking ones.
Statue of Genghis Khan
The monument to Genghis Khan is visible from afar - its 250-ton steel coating is so shiny. A stocky warrior looks at his land in a businesslike way, leaning on a whip found in the steppe. Despite the 40-meter height of the monument, there is no feeling of flight - on the contrary, a powerful figure visually presses on the ground, emphasizing the strength of the conqueror. An elevator is laid inside the statue, raising guests to the observation deck on a horse's mane. At the same time, it can accommodate no more than 8 people, so for good pictures it is better to arrive early, before the arrival of tourist groups.
Development prospects
According to the original design, yurts separated by green areas should be located around the monument. They will be equipped with restaurants, mini-hotels, souvenir shops. Now several dozen yurts have already been set up, and a monument to the mother of Genghis Khan has been erected in the distance. The developers have not yet reached the planned landscaping, since 28 billion tugriks have already been spent on an ambitious project. By 2020, 10,000 horsemen will be standing around their master. The organizers came up with an interesting way to find investors: they offer to make a three-dimensional cast of the client's face for $ 900 and give it to the next rider.
Information for tourists
Access to the complex is open all year round, in summer from 9 am to 8 pm, in winter from 10 am to 6 pm. In winter, severe frosts are common in the steppes, in summer it is warm, even hot, but the wind softens the heat. The main stream of tourists comes to the monument to Genghis Khan in the warm season to continue their vacation at the camp sites of Mongolia's natural parks. The cost of visiting the museum is 7000 tugriks, the cost of rent national costume with armor and weapons for photographing in the museum is included in this amount. Near the complex you can take pictures with tame birds of prey: owls, eagles, vultures - for about 4000 tugriks. This service, as well as the trade in small bronze souvenirs, is offered by residents of the surrounding villages.
How to get there
Local airlines fly from Irkutsk, Aeroflot - from Moscow to the international airport "Genghis Khan" in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar. Excursion minibuses depart from the capital to the monument to Genghis Khan. You can rent a taxi for the day for about $80 or save money by taking a regular bus to Nalaiha and only then taking a taxi. There is no regular public transport to the complex yet.
Original taken from uzoranet in Statue of Genghis Khan in Mongolia
You know, when I saw this photo, I thought it was some kind of joke or fake. Real statue? How could I not know about her before! And look how it looks against the backdrop of the desert steppe! Fiction! Let's learn more about this amazing building.
Equestrian statue of Genghis Khan- a symbol of the 800th anniversary of Mongolia. Many historians believe that the greatest conqueror of all times and peoples was not Alexander the Great at all, but Genghis Khan. Alexander inherited from his father a strong army and a mighty state, and the great Mongol, starting from scratch, united the scattered steppe tribes and in the 21 years of his reign (1206 - 1227) created a huge power that occupied 22% of the entire Earth. His name - Genghis Khan Temujin - terrified many peoples of Eurasia, but for the Mongols, the great khan was and remains the father of the nation.
With all respect and respect for Genghis Khan, there are not many places and museums in Mongolia where tourists can study history. legendary commander. And now, 800 years later, as Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, the national hero of the Mongols is back on horseback! A huge 40-meter equestrian statue, covered with 250 tons of stainless steel, rises on a windswept plateau. The statue of the great Mongol is installed on a 10-meter pedestal and is surrounded by 36 columns, symbolizing 36 khans who ruled Mongolia after Genghis Khan. The construction of the monument was timed to coincide with the 800th anniversary of Mongolia celebrated in 2006. On September 26, 2008, in the presence of the President of Mongolia and other officials, Grand opening equestrian statue of Genghis Khan.
Statue of Genghis Khan is the tourist center of Mongolia. The equestrian statue of Genghis Khan is not just a statue, but a two-story tourist complex. Inside the pedestal there is a museum, a giant map of the conquests of Genghis Khan, an art gallery, a conference hall, restaurants, a billiard room and a souvenir shop. Stairs and an elevator lead to an observation deck located in the horse's head, at a height of 30 meters. From here, amazing views of the endless steppes of Mongolia open up. Around the statue, it is planned to build a theme park dedicated to the Mongolian life of the era of Genghis Khan. The park will consist of six sections: a camp of warriors, a camp of artisans, a camp of shamans, a yurt of a khan, a camp of herdsmen and an educational camp.
The complex, enclosed by a stone wall, will include a campsite of 200 yurts, a swimming pool, an open-air theater and a golf course. Besides, the steel statue of the commander will be covered with gold so that it can be seen better in the steppe. 100,000 trees will be planted in the park. The place for the construction of the statue and the tourist complex was not chosen by chance: according to legend, it was here, 50 km from Ulaanbaatar in the Tsonzhin-Boldog area, that the young man Temujin found a gilded whip that helped him become Genghis Khan and conquer half the world.
Clickable 1300 px
According to legend, in 1177, as a young man, Temujin (the original name of Genghis Khan before he was elected emperor at the kurultai of 1206) was returning home from Van Khan Tooril, a close friend of his father, from whom he asked for strength and help. And it was in this place, where the statue is erected today, that he found a whip - a symbol of success. This allowed him to unite the Mongolian people, become Genghis Khan and conquer half the world.
Clickable 4000 px
An observation deck has been constructed in the horse's head, which can be reached by stairs or an elevator. The site is located at a height of 30 m, it offers an unforgettable view of the endless steppes of Mongolia.
The complex is still under construction and by 2012, according to the plan, there will be a yurt camp with a swimming pool and a park. The entire territory will be fenced with a stone wall. The construction of the main (southern) and northern gates is underway. 100,000 trees will be planted on the territory of the complex and there will be more than 800 guest yurts for visitors to the complex.
The "Statue of Genghis Khan" complex will embody the traditions of national architecture and the achievements of modern architecture.
The authors of such a grandiose project are the famous sculptor D. Erdenebileg and the architect J. Enkhzhargala. Examining the statue, you are amazed at the attention of the masters to the details. Inside, the equestrian statue is hollow and consists of two floors. Here there were places not only for a conference hall, but also for a museum of the Xiongnu era, an art gallery, a billiard room and even a restaurant! In addition, there is a huge map on which you can see all the territories that Genghis Khan managed to conquer during the years of his reign, as well as a 2-meter golden whip!
The total area of the cultural and historical complex "Statue of Genghis Khan" is 212 hectares.
On the banks of the Tuul River, which is 54 km east of Ulaanbaatar, there is a majestic forty-meter statue of Genghis Khan sitting on a horse - the tallest equestrian statue in the world. There are 36 columns around it, symbolizing 36 khans who headed Mongolia after Genghis Khan.
There is no person in the world who would not hear this name of the cruel Mongol conqueror who conquered a huge part of the world in the 13th century; a warrior who sowed devastation and death around him. But not everyone knows what important role Genghis Khan played in the fate of Mongolia, because it was he who was the founder of the Mongol Empire, a colossal one that mankind has not known in its entire history.
The statue of Genghis Khan is considered one of the nine wonders of Mongolia and the main symbol of the state. For the entire Mongolian people, this monument is of great importance, because for them Genghis Khan is the person from whom the history of the nation begins.
The statue of Genghis Khan is considered one of the nine wonders of Mongolia and the main symbol of the state.
The monument to Genghis Khan is more than just a statue. It is installed on a round base with a diameter of 30 meters and a height of 10 m. Plus, the equestrian statue itself is hollow and consists of two floors. Inside the complex there are several interesting objects that are definitely worth a visit. The pedestal housed a historical museum dedicated to Mongolian khans; a huge map on which you can trace all the conquests of the great Genghis Khan; art Gallery; conference hall; several restaurants; room for playing billiards; souvenir shop.
The opening of the monument, which took 250 tons of stainless steel, took place in 2008 after three years of construction. To date, the statue of Genghis Khan is one of the most popular attractions in Mongolia.
The place where the huge steel Genghis Khan rises on the hill has its own history associated with the great warrior. According to legend, it is here that the history of the Mongol Empire as a whole begins. In 1177, the young Temujin, who in the future took the name Genghis Khan, discovered a golden whip on the top of a hill, which symbolized good luck. For Temujin, this find was a sign that the gods favor him in fulfilling his dream of uniting the Mongols scattered around the nomadic tribes. He fulfilled his plan: in 1206, the Great Mongol Empire was formed by his forces, and a copy of the famous golden whip can still be seen inside the base of the statue.
In addition to the whip in the tourist complex, the visitor is invited to try dishes according to traditional Mongolian recipes, play a game of billiards or take the elevator to the observation deck located in the head of Genghis Khan's horse. From there, from a thirty-meter height, a stunning view of the mountains and plains, the endless bewitching Mongolian steppes opens up. This panorama is especially beautiful in spring, when tulips bloom everywhere.
Today, a theme park of the same name is being built around the statue of Genghis Khan, dedicated to the era of his reign and the peculiarities of the life of the Mongolian people in those days. There is also a version that the name of the future cultural and historical complex will be the Golden Whip. It is planned to divide the park into six parts: a camp of warriors, a camp of artisans, a camp of shamans, a yurt of a khan, a camp of cattle breeders and an educational camp. It is also planned to decorate the park with an artificial lake and set up an open-air theater. The total estimated area of the park is 212 hectares.
How to get there
The statue of Genghis Khan is located 54 km from Ulaanbaatar. Tour buses run here. You can only get there by car or taxi (800 MNT per km). The cost of visiting the complex is 700 MNT.
