The narrative opens with a letter to a friend Alexei Mikhailovich Kutuzov, in which Radishchev explains his feelings that forced him to write this book. This is a kind of blessing for work.
Departure
Sofia
Taking the road, our traveler goes to the commissioner for horses, but they don’t give horses, they say that they don’t, although there are up to twenty nags in the stable. Twenty kopecks had an effect "on the coachmen." Behind the commissioner's back they harnessed the troika, and the traveler went on. The driver pulls a mournful song, and the traveler reflects on the character of the Russian people. If a Russian wants to disperse anguish, then he goes to a tavern; what is not for him, climbs into a fight. The traveler asks God why he turned away from people?
Tosna
Discourse on the disgusting road that cannot be crossed even in summer rains. In the station hut, the traveler meets an unfortunate writer - a nobleman who wants to foist his literary work"On the Loss of Privileges by the Nobles". The traveler gives him copper pennies, and offers to give the “labor” to the peddlers by weight, so that they use paper for “wrapping”, because. otherwise it is not suitable.
Lyubani
The traveler sees a peasant plowing on a holiday and wonders if he is a schismatic? The peasant is Orthodox, but he is forced to work on Sunday, because. six days a week he goes to corvée. The peasant says that he has three sons and three daughters, the eldest is only ten years old. So that the family does not starve, he has to work at night. He works diligently for himself, but somehow for the master. In the family, he is one worker, and the master has many of them. The peasant envies the quitrent and state peasants, it is easier for them to live, then he harnesses the horses so that they can rest, while he himself works without rest. The traveler mentally curses all the exploiting landowners and himself for offending his Petrushka when he was drunk.
Chudovo
The traveler meets with a university friend, Chelishchev, who told of his adventure in the raging Baltic, where he almost died because the official refused to send help, saying: "That's not my position." Now Chelishchev is leaving the city - "a host of lions" so as not to see these villains.
Spasskaya field
The traveler got caught in the rain and asked to dry off in the hut. There he hears her husband's story about an official who loves "usters" (oysters). For the fulfillment of his whim - the delivery of oysters - he gives ranks, rewards from the state treasury. The rain is over. The traveler continued on his way with a companion who asked for it. The fellow traveler tells his story, how he was a merchant, trusting dishonest people, got on trial, his wife died in childbirth, which began due to experiences a month earlier. A friend helped this unfortunate man to escape. The traveler wants to help the fugitive, in a dream he imagines himself to be an all-powerful ruler, whom everyone admires. This dream shows him the wanderer Direct View, she removes the thorns from his eyes that prevent him from seeing the truth. The author states that the tsar was known among the people as "a deceiver, a hypocrite, a pernicious comedian." Radishchev shows the discrepancy between the words and deeds of Catherine; the ostentatious splendor, magnificent, decorative facade of the empire hides behind it terrible pictures of oppression. Pryamozora addresses the king with words of contempt and anger: “Know that you are ... the first robber, the first traitor to the general silence, the most fierce enemy, directing his anger at the inside of the weak.” Radishchev shows that there are no good kings, they pour out their favors only on the unworthy.
Podberezie
The traveler meets a young man who is going to St. Petersburg to study with his uncle. Here are the arguments of the young man about the lack of an education system that is detrimental to the country. He hopes that the descendants will be happier in this regard, because. will be able to learn.
Novgorod
The traveler admires the city, remembering its heroic past and how Ivan the Terrible set out to destroy the Novgorod Republic. The author is indignant: what right did the tsar have to “appropriate Novgorod”?
The traveler then goes to a friend, Karp Dementich, who married his son. Everyone sits at the table together (master, young people, guest). The traveler draws portraits of the hosts. And the merchant talks about his business. As "was launched into the world", now the son trades.
Bronnitsy
The traveler goes to the sacred hill and hears the formidable voice of the Almighty: “Why did you want to know the secret?” “What are you looking for, foolish child?” Where once there was a "great city" the traveler sees only poor shacks.
Zaitsev
The traveler meets his friend Krestyankin, who once served, and then retired. Krestyankin, very conscientious and heart man, was the chairman of the criminal chamber, but left the post, seeing the futility of his efforts. Krestyankin tells about a certain nobleman who began his career as a court stoker, tells about the atrocities of this unscrupulous man. The peasants could not stand the bullying of the landlord family and killed everyone. Krestyankin acquitted the "guilty" who had been driven to death by the landowner. No matter how hard Krestyankin fought for a fair solution to this case, nothing came of it. They were executed. And he retired, so as not to be an accomplice in this villainy. The traveler receives a letter that tells of a strange wedding between "a 78-year-old young man and a 62-year-old young woman", a certain widow engaged in pandering, and in her old age who decided to marry a baron. He marries money, and in her old age she wants to be called "Your Honor." The author says that without the Buryndins, the light would not have stood for even three days, he is outraged by the absurdity of what is happening.
sacrums
Seeing the parting of the father with his sons going to work, the traveler recalls that out of a hundred serving noblemen, ninety-eight "become rakes." He grieves that he will soon have to part with his eldest son. The author's reasoning leads him to the conclusion: “Tell the truth, father of children, tell me, true citizen! Wouldn't you like to strangle your son, rather than let him go to the service? Because in the service, everyone cares about their pocket, and not about the good of the motherland. The landowner, calling the traveler as a witness how hard it is for him to part with his sons, tells them that they do not owe him anything, but must work for the good of the fatherland -
To do this, he raised and unlived them, taught them the sciences and made them think. He admonishes his sons not to stray from the true path, not to lose their pure and high souls.
Yazhelbitsy
Passing by the cemetery, the traveler sees a heartbreaking scene when the father, throwing himself on the coffin of his son, does not allow him to be buried, crying that they do not bury him with his son in order to end his torment. For he is guilty that the son was born weak and sick, and how much he lived, he suffered so much. The traveler mentally reasons that he, too, probably passed on to his sons diseases with the vices of youth.
Valdai
This ancient town is known for its loving location unmarried women. The traveler says that everyone knows "Valdai bagels and shameless girls." Then he tells the legend of a sinful monk who drowned in a storm in the lake, swimming to his beloved.
Edrovo
The traveler sees many well-dressed women and girls. He admires their healthy appearance, reproaching the noblewomen that they disfigure their figures, dragging themselves into corsets, and then die from childbirth, because. spoiled their body for the sake of fashion for years. The traveler is talking with Annushka, who at first behaves sternly, and then, talking, she told that her father had died, she lives with her mother and sister, and wants to get married. But for the groom they ask for a hundred rubles. Vanyukha wants to go to St. Petersburg to work. But the traveler says: “Do not let him go there, there he will learn to drink, wean peasant labor". He wants to give money, but the family won't take it. He is amazed at their nobility.
Khotilov
Written on behalf of another traveler, even more progressive in his views than Radishchev. Our traveler finds papers left by his brother. Reading them, he finds arguments similar to his thoughts about the perniciousness of slavery, the malevolent nature of the landlords, and the lack of enlightenment.
Vyshny Volochok
The traveler admires the locks and man-made canals. He talks about a landowner who treated the peasants like slaves. They worked all day for him, and he gave them only meager food. The peasants did not have their own allotments and cattle. And this "barbarian" flourished. The author calls on the peasants to ruin the estate and tools of this nonhuman, who treats them like oxen.
Vydropusk (again written according to someone else's notes)
The author says that the kings imagined themselves to be gods, surrounded themselves with a hundred servants and imagined that they were useful to the fatherland. But the author is sure that this order should be changed. The future is in education. Only then will there be justice when people become equal.
Torzhok
The traveler meets a man who wants to open a free printing press. What follows is a discussion of the perniciousness of censorship. “What harm will it be if books are printed without the brand of a policeman?” The author argues that the benefits of this are obvious: "The rulers are not free to excommunicate the people from the truth." The author in "A Brief Narrative of the Origin of Censorship" says that censorship and the Inquisition have the same roots. And tells the story of printing and censorship in the West. And in Russia… in Russia what happened with censorship, he promises to tell “another time”.
Copper
The traveler sees a round dance of young women and girls. And then there is a description of the shameful public sale of peasants. The 75-year-old man is waiting to whom they will give him. His 80-year-old wife was the breadwinner of the mother of a young master who ruthlessly sells his peasants. Immediately there is a 40-year-old woman, the breadwinner of the master himself, and all peasant family, including the baby, going under the hammer. It is dreadful for the traveler to see this barbarism.
Tver
The traveler listens to the arguments of the tavern interlocutor "after dinner" about the poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky. The interlocutor reads excerpts from the ode "Liberty" by Radishchev, allegedly written by him, which he is taking to St. Petersburg to be published. The traveler liked the poem, but he did not have time to tell the author about it, because he hastily left.
Gorodnya
Here the traveler sees recruiting, hears the cries and cries of the peasants, learns about the many violations and injustices that are happening at the same time. The traveler listens to the story of the courtyard Vanka, who was brought up and taught together with a young master, called Vanyusha, sent abroad not as a slave, but as a comrade. But the old gentleman favored him, and the young one hated and envied his successes. The old man is dead. The young owner got married, and his wife hated Ivan, humiliated him in every possible way, and then decided to marry him to a dishonored yard girl. Ivan called the landowner "an inhuman woman", then he was sent to the soldiers. Ivan is glad of such a fate. Then the traveler saw three peasants, whom the landowner sold as recruits, because. he needed a new carriage. The author is amazed by the lawlessness that is happening around.
Zavidovo
The traveler sees a warrior in a grenadier hat, who, demanding horses, threatens the headman with a whip. By order of the headman, fresh horses were taken away from the traveler and given to the grenadier. The traveler is outraged by this order of things. What will you do?
Wedge
The traveler listens to the mournful song of the blind man, and then gives him a ruble. The old man is surprised by the generous alms. He is more happy with the birthday cake than with the money. For the ruble can lead someone into temptation, and it will be stolen. Then the traveler gives the old man his handkerchief from his neck.
Pawns
The traveler treats the child with sugar, and his mother says to her son: "Take the master's food." The traveler is surprised why this is the lord's food. The peasant woman replies that she has nothing to buy sugar with, but they use it in the bar, because the money itself does not get it. The peasant woman is sure that these are the tears of slaves. The traveler saw that the master's bread consisted of three parts of chaff and one part of wholemeal flour. He looked around for the first time and was horrified at the squalid surroundings. With anger, he exclaims: “Hard-hearted landowner! Look at the children of the peasants who are subject to you!” calls on the exploiters to come to their senses.
black mud
The traveler meets the wedding train, but is very sad, because go down the aisle under the compulsion of the master.
Word about Lomonosov
The author, passing by the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, went into it in order to honor the grave of the great Lomonosov with his presence. He remembers life path great scientist, striving for knowledge. Lomonosov eagerly studied everything that could be learned at that time, was engaged in versification. The author comes to the conclusion that Lomonosov was great in all matters he touched.
And here is Moscow! Moscow!!!
Good retelling? Tell your friends on the social network, let them prepare for the lesson too!
The narrative opens with a letter to a friend Alexei Mikhailovich Kutuzov, in which Radishchev explains his feelings that forced him to write this book. This is a kind of blessing for work.
Departure
Sofia
Taking the road, our traveler goes to the commissioner for horses, but they don’t give horses, they say that they don’t, although there are up to twenty nags in the stable. Twenty kopecks had an effect "on the coachmen." Behind the commissioner's back they harnessed the troika, and the traveler went on. The driver pulls a mournful song, and the traveler reflects on the character of the Russian people. If a Russian wants to disperse anguish, then he goes to a tavern; what is not for him, climbs into a fight. The traveler asks God why he turned away from people?
Tosna
Discourse on a disgusting road that cannot be crossed even in summer rains. In the station hut, the traveler meets a failed writer - a nobleman who wants to hand him his literary work "on the loss of privileges by the nobles." The traveler gives him copper pennies, and offers to give the “labor” to the peddlers by weight, so that they use paper for “wrapping”, because. otherwise it is not suitable.
Lyubani
The traveler sees a peasant plowing on a holiday and wonders if he is a schismatic? The peasant is Orthodox, but he is forced to work on Sunday, because. six days a week he goes to corvée. The peasant says that he has three sons and three daughters, the eldest is only ten years old. So that the family does not starve, he has to work at night. He works diligently for himself, but somehow for the master. In the family, he is one worker, and the master has many of them. The peasant envies the quitrent and state peasants, it is easier for them to live, then he harnesses the horses so that they can rest, while he himself works without rest. The traveler mentally curses all the exploiting landowners and himself for offending his Petrushka when he was drunk.
Chudovo
The traveler meets with a university friend, Chelishchev, who told of his adventure in the raging Baltic, where he almost died because the official refused to send help, saying: "That's not my position." Now Chelishchev is leaving the city - "a host of lions" so as not to see these villains.
Spasskaya field
The traveler got caught in the rain and asked to dry off in the hut. There he hears her husband's story about an official who loves "usters" (oysters). For the fulfillment of his whim - the delivery of oysters - he gives ranks, rewards from the state treasury. The rain is over. The traveler continued on his way with a companion who asked for it. The fellow traveler tells his story, how he was a merchant, trusting dishonest people, got on trial, his wife died in childbirth, which began due to experiences a month earlier. A friend helped this unfortunate man to escape. The traveler wants to help the fugitive, in a dream he imagines himself to be an all-powerful ruler, whom everyone admires. This dream shows him the wanderer Direct View, she removes the thorns from his eyes that prevent him from seeing the truth. The author states that the tsar was known among the people as "a deceiver, a hypocrite, a pernicious comedian." Radishchev shows the discrepancy between the words and deeds of Catherine; the ostentatious splendor, magnificent, decorative facade of the empire hides behind it terrible pictures of oppression. Pryamozora addresses the king with words of contempt and anger: “Know that you are ... the first robber, the first traitor to the general silence, the most fierce enemy, directing his anger at the inside of the weak.” Radishchev shows that there are no good kings, they pour out their favors only on the unworthy.
Podberezie
The traveler meets a young man who is going to St. Petersburg to study with his uncle. Here are the arguments of the young man about the lack of an education system that is detrimental to the country. He hopes that the descendants will be happier in this regard, because. will be able to learn.
Novgorod
The traveler admires the city, remembering its heroic past and how Ivan the Terrible set out to destroy the Novgorod Republic. The author is indignant: what right did the tsar have to “appropriate Novgorod”?
The traveler then goes to a friend, Karp Dementich, who married his son. Everyone sits at the table together (master, young people, guest). The traveler draws portraits of the hosts. And the merchant talks about his business. As "was launched into the world", now the son trades.
Bronnitsy
The traveler goes to the sacred hill and hears the formidable voice of the Almighty: “Why did you want to know the secret?” “What are you looking for, foolish child?” Where once there was a "great city", the traveler sees only poor shacks.
Zaitsev
The traveler meets his friend Krestyankin, who once served, and then retired. Krestyankin, a very conscientious and warm-hearted person, was the chairman of the criminal chamber, but left the post, seeing the futility of his efforts. Krestyankin tells about a certain nobleman who began his career as a court stoker, tells about the atrocities of this unscrupulous man. The peasants could not stand the bullying of the landlord family and killed everyone. Krestyankin acquitted the "guilty" who had been driven to death by the landowner. No matter how hard Krestyankin fought for a fair solution to this case, nothing came of it. They were executed. And he retired, so as not to be an accomplice in this villainy. The traveler receives a letter that tells of a strange wedding between "a 78-year-old young man and a 62-year-old young woman", a certain widow engaged in pandering, and in her old age who decided to marry a baron. He marries money, and in her old age she wants to be called "Your Honor." The author says that without the Buryndins, the light would not have stood for even three days, he is outraged by the absurdity of what is happening.
sacrums
Seeing the parting of the father with his sons going to work, the traveler recalls that out of a hundred serving noblemen, ninety-eight "become rakes." He grieves that he will soon have to part with his eldest son. The author's reasoning leads him to the conclusion: “Tell the truth, father of children, tell me, true citizen! Wouldn't you like to strangle your son, rather than let him go to the service? Because in the service, everyone cares about their pocket, and not about the good of the motherland. The landowner, calling on the traveler to witness how hard it is for him to part with his sons, tells them that they do not owe him anything, but must work for the good of the fatherland, for this he raised and unlived them, taught them the sciences and forced them to think. He admonishes his sons not to stray from the true path, not to lose their pure and high souls.
Yazhelbitsy
Passing by the cemetery, the traveler sees a heartbreaking scene when the father, throwing himself on the coffin of his son, does not allow him to be buried, crying that they do not bury him with his son in order to end his torment. For he is guilty that the son was born weak and sick, and how much he lived, he suffered so much. The traveler mentally reasons that he, too, probably passed on to his sons diseases with the vices of youth.
Valdai
This ancient town is known for the amorous disposition of unmarried women. The traveler says that everyone knows "Valdai bagels and shameless girls." Then he tells the legend of a sinful monk who drowned in a storm in the lake, swimming to his beloved.
Edrovo
The traveler sees many well-dressed women and girls. He admires their healthy appearance, reproaching the noblewomen that they disfigure their figures, dragging themselves into corsets, and then die from childbirth, because. spoiled their body for the sake of fashion for years. The traveler is talking with Annushka, who at first behaves sternly, and then, talking, she told that her father had died, she lives with her mother and sister, and wants to get married. But for the groom they ask for a hundred rubles. Vanyukha wants to go to St. Petersburg to work. But the traveler says: "Do not let him go there, there he will learn to drink, wean himself from peasant labor." He wants to give money, but the family won't take it. He is amazed at their nobility.
Khotilov
Written on behalf of another traveler, even more progressive in his views than Radishchev. Our traveler finds papers left by his brother. Reading them, he finds arguments similar to his thoughts about the perniciousness of slavery, the malevolent nature of the landlords, and the lack of enlightenment.
Vyshny Volochok
The traveler admires the locks and man-made canals. He talks about a landowner who treated the peasants like slaves. They worked all day for him, and he gave them only meager food. The peasants did not have their own allotments and cattle. And this "barbarian" flourished. The author calls on the peasants to ruin the estate and tools of this nonhuman, who treats them like oxen.
Vydropusk (again written according to someone else's notes)
The author says that the kings imagined themselves to be gods, surrounded themselves with a hundred servants and imagined that they were useful to the fatherland. But the author is sure that this order should be changed. The future is in education. Only then will there be justice when people become equal.
Torzhok
The traveler meets a man who wants to open a free printing press. What follows is a discussion of the perniciousness of censorship. “What harm will it be if books are printed without the brand of a policeman?” The author argues that the benefits of this are obvious: "The rulers are not free to excommunicate the people from the truth." The author in "A Brief Narrative of the Origin of Censorship" says that censorship and the Inquisition have the same roots. And tells the story of printing and censorship in the West. And in Russia… in Russia what happened with censorship, he promises to tell “another time”.
Copper
The traveler sees a round dance of young women and girls. And then goes description shameful public sale of peasants. The 75-year-old man is waiting to whom they will give him. His 80-year-old wife was the breadwinner of the mother of a young master who ruthlessly sells his peasants. There is also a 40-year-old woman, the breadwinner of the master himself, and the entire peasant family, including the baby, going under the hammer. It is dreadful for the traveler to see this barbarism.
Tver
The traveler listens to the arguments of the tavern interlocutor "after dinner" about the poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky. The interlocutor reads excerpts from the ode "Liberty" by Radishchev, allegedly written by him, which he is taking to St. Petersburg to be published. The traveler liked the poem, but he did not have time to tell the author about it, because he hastily left.
Gorodnya
Here the traveler sees recruiting, hears the cries and cries of the peasants, learns about the many violations and injustices that are happening at the same time. The traveler listens to the story of the courtyard Vanka, who was brought up and taught together with a young master, called Vanyusha, sent abroad not as a slave, but as a comrade. But the old gentleman favored him, and the young one hated and envied his successes. The old man is dead. The young owner got married, and his wife hated Ivan, humiliated him in every possible way, and then decided to marry him to a dishonored yard girl. Ivan called the landowner "an inhuman woman", then he was sent to the soldiers. Ivan is glad of such a fate. Then the traveler saw three peasants, whom the landowner sold as recruits, because. he needed a new carriage. The author is amazed by the lawlessness that is happening around.
Zavidovo
The traveler sees a warrior in a grenadier hat, who, demanding horses, threatens the headman with a whip. By order of the headman, fresh horses were taken away from the traveler and given to the grenadier. The traveler is outraged by this order of things. What will you do?
Wedge
The traveler listens to the mournful song of the blind man, and then gives him a ruble. The old man is surprised by the generous alms. He is more happy with the birthday cake than with the money. For the ruble can lead someone into temptation, and it will be stolen. Then the traveler gives the old man his handkerchief from his neck.
Pawns
The traveler treats the child with sugar, and his mother says to her son: "Take the master's food." The traveler is surprised why this is the lord's food. The peasant woman replies that she has nothing to buy sugar with, but they use it in the bar, because the money itself does not get it. The peasant woman is sure that these are the tears of slaves. The traveler saw that the master's bread consisted of three parts of chaff and one part of wholemeal flour. He looked around for the first time and was horrified at the squalid surroundings. With anger, he exclaims: “Hard-hearted landowner! Look at the children of the peasants who are subject to you!” calls on the exploiters to come to their senses.
black mud
The traveler meets the wedding train, but is very sad, because go down the aisle under the compulsion of the master.
Word about Lomonosov
The author, passing by the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, went into it in order to honor the grave of the great Lomonosov with his presence. He recalls the life path of the great scientist, striving for knowledge. Lomonosov eagerly studied everything that could be learned at that time, was engaged in versification. The author comes to the conclusion that Lomonosov was great in all matters he touched.
And here is Moscow! Moscow!!!
Led Sofia
Written in the second half of the 18th century, Radishchev’s work “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” was one of the first in which the author denounced the autocracy. For his courage, he was sent first to Peter and Paul Fortress, and then to the Ilim prison. Radishchev loved his people very much and rooted for them with all his heart. He openly fought for the rights of the peasants, as he saw their hardships and plight. For the most part modern society he remained misunderstood, but his story had an effect, albeit much later.
The work “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” itself is a chain of disparate chapters in which the author talks about the people he meets at each station and their problems. The story begins with an introductory letter to A. M. Kutuzov, in which Radishchev asks for blessings for his work and explains the reasons that prompted him to write such a story. This is followed by the chapter “Departure”, in which the Traveler, having said goodbye to his friends, is sad on the way and reflects on the Russian character. Next
Sofia station.
Here we see how he tries to get new horses, but the caretaker refuses him, referring to their absence. In fact, there are more than twenty horses in the stall, but only "twenty-five kopecks" do their job. The coachmen, secretly from the caretaker, harness the troika for the traveler, after which he continues on his way. The writer mentioned this example not by chance. He wanted to highlight the problem of corruption and bribery. In other chapters, the traveler is faced with the general poverty that prevails in the huts of the peasants, with the cruelty of the landowners, forcing the poor to work even on holidays.
Reading this work, we feel that the writer is indignant with all his soul. He sympathizes with the serfs and wishes them a better fate. In one of the chapters, he is an old friend named Krestyankin, who left the service in the criminal chamber after he realized that he could not bring any benefit to people. His ward broke the head of the son of a landowner who abused his girlfriend. The poor fellow, who defended the honor of his beloved, was sentenced to death or life imprisonment. Since then, Krestyankin refused to do his job.
In the work, in addition to the chapters, the writer mentioned the odes “Liberty” and “The Tale of Lomonosov”. In the latter, he praises the great writer and scientist for his special contribution to Russian literature.
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Silence everywhere. Immersed in thoughts, I did not notice that my wagon had long been standing without horses. The driver who brought me pulled me out of my thoughts. - Barin-father, for vodka! - Although this collection is not legal, everyone willingly pays it, so as not to go by decree. - Twenty kopecks served me in favor. Anyone who has traveled by post office knows that the road trip is a protective letter, without which it will be unprofitable for any purse - a general's, perhaps excluding it. Taking it out of my pocket, I walked with her, as they sometimes go with a cross to protect their own.
I found the postal commissioner snoring; lightly took him by the shoulder. - Who the hell is crushing? What a way to leave the city at night. There are no horses; very early; go, perhaps, to the tavern, drink tea or fall asleep. - Having said this, Mr. Commissar turned away to the wall and started snoring. What to do? I shook the commissar again by the shoulder. “What an abyss, I already said that there are no horses,” and, wrapping a blanket around his head, Mr. Commissar turned away from me. “If the horses are in full swing,” I thought, “then it’s unfair that I disturb the commissar’s sleep. And if the horses are in the stable ... - I set out to find out whether Mr. Commissar was telling the truth. He went out into the yard, found a stable and found up to twenty horses in it; although, to tell the truth, their bones were visible, but they would have dragged me to the next camp. From the stable I again returned to the commissar; shook him much harder. It seemed to me that I had a right to this, having found that the commissar had lied. He jumped up in a hurry and, without opening his eyes yet, asked: "Who has come?" not ... - but coming to his senses, seeing me, he said to me: - It can be seen, well done, you used to treat the former coachmen like that. They were beaten with sticks; but now is not the old time. With anger, Mr. Commissar went to bed to sleep. I just as much wanted to regale him as I did the old coachmen when they behaved themselves in deceit; but my generosity, giving vodka to the city carter, prompted the Sofia coachmen to harness the horses to me as soon as possible, and at the very moment when I intended to commit a crime on the back of the commissar, a bell rang in the yard. I have been a good citizen. And so twenty copper kopecks saved a peace-loving person from investigation, my children from an example of intemperance in anger, and I learned that reason is a slave to impatience.
Horses rush me; my cabman sang a song, as usual mournful. Who knows Russian voices folk songs, he admits that there is in them something signifying grief of the soul. Almost all the voices of such songs are soft in tone. - On this musical disposition of the people's ear, know how to establish the reins of government. In them you will find the education of the soul of our people. Look at the Russian man; you will find it thoughtfully. If he wants to disperse boredom, or, as he himself calls it, if he wants to have fun, then he goes to a tavern. In his joy he is impulsive, courageous, grumpy. If something happens not according to him, then soon a dispute or battle begins. A barge hauler going to a tavern hanging his head and returning covered with blood from slaps in the face, a lot can be solved hitherto ordained in Russian history.
My driver sings. “Third was one past midnight. As before the bell, so now its song has made me sleep again. - O nature, having declared a man in a veil of sorrow at his birth, dragging him along the strict ridges of fear, boredom and sadness through his entire life, you gave him a dream of joy. - He fell asleep, and everything died. Unbearable is the awakening of the unfortunate. Oh, how pleasant death is for him. Is it the end of sorrow? - All-good Father, will you really turn your eyes away from the one who ends his miserable life courageously? To you, the source of all blessings, this sacrifice is offered. You alone give strength when the nature trembles, shudders. This is the voice of the father, calling his child to himself. You gave me life, I return it to you; on earth it has become useless.
Alexander Radishchev is a Russian revolutionary writer, in the words of Catherine II, “a rebel worse than Pugachev,” a deep and courageous writer. For the book "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" Radishchev was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The court sentenced him to death penalty, which the empress replaced with deprivation of ranks and nobility and exile in a Siberian prison. This book is an enlightening treatise of the rarest power, written in the form of travel essays, where both accurate observations of the traveler and inspired digressions captivate the reader to empathy and contemplation: what is Russia, what is good for her and what is evil.
A series: List school literature Grade 9
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The following excerpt from the book Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow (A. N. Radishchev, 1790) provided by our book partner - the company LitRes.
Silence everywhere. Immersed in thoughts, I did not notice that my wagon had long been standing without horses. The driver who brought me pulled me out of my thoughts. - Barin-father, for vodka! - Although this collection is not legal, everyone willingly pays it, so as not to go by decree. - Twenty kopecks served me in favor. Anyone who has traveled by post office knows that the road trip is a protective letter, without which it will be unprofitable for any purse - a general's, perhaps excluding it. Taking it out of my pocket, I walked with her, as they sometimes go with a cross to protect their own.
I found the postal commissioner snoring; lightly took him by the shoulder. - Who the hell is crushing? What a way to leave the city at night. There are no horses; very early; go, perhaps, to the tavern, drink tea or fall asleep. - Having said this, Mr. Commissar turned away to the wall and started snoring. What to do? I shook the commissar again by the shoulder. “What an abyss, I already said that there are no horses,” and, wrapping a blanket around his head, Mr. Commissar turned away from me. “If the horses are in full swing,” I thought, “then it’s unfair that I disturb the commissar’s sleep. And if the horses are in the stable ... - I set out to find out whether Mr. Commissar was telling the truth. He went out into the yard, found a stable and found up to twenty horses in it; although, to tell the truth, their bones were visible, but they would have dragged me to the next camp. From the stable I again returned to the commissar; shook him much harder. It seemed to me that I had a right to this, having found that the commissar had lied. He jumped up in a hurry and, without opening his eyes yet, asked: "Who has come?" not ... - but coming to his senses, seeing me, he said to me: - It can be seen, well done, you used to treat the former coachmen like that. They were beaten with sticks; but now is not the old time. With anger, Mr. Commissar went to bed to sleep. I just as much wanted to regale him as I did the old coachmen when they behaved themselves in deceit; but my generosity, giving vodka to the city carter, prompted the Sofia coachmen to harness the horses to me as soon as possible, and at the very moment when I intended to commit a crime on the back of the commissar, a bell rang in the yard. I have been a good citizen. And so twenty copper kopecks saved a peace-loving person from investigation, my children from an example of intemperance in anger, and I learned that reason is a slave to impatience.
Horses rush me; my cabman sang a song, as usual mournful. Anyone who knows the voices of Russian folk songs admits that there is something spiritual sorrow in them that signifies. Almost all the voices of such songs are soft in tone. - On this musical disposition of the people's ear, know how to establish the reins of government. In them you will find the education of the soul of our people. Look at the Russian man; you will find it thoughtfully. If he wants to disperse boredom, or, as he himself calls it, if he wants to have fun, then he goes to a tavern. In his joy he is impulsive, courageous, grumpy. If something happens not according to him, then soon a dispute or battle begins. A barge hauler going to a tavern hanging his head and returning covered with blood from slaps in the face, a lot can be solved hitherto ordained in Russian history.
My driver sings. “Third was one past midnight. As before the bell, so now its song has made me sleep again. - O nature, having declared a man in a veil of sorrow at his birth, dragging him along the strict ridges of fear, boredom and sadness through his entire life, you gave him a dream of joy. - He fell asleep, and everything died. Unbearable is the awakening of the unfortunate. Oh, how pleasant death is for him. Is it the end of sorrow? - All-good Father, will you really turn your eyes away from the one who ends his miserable life courageously? To you, the source of all blessings, this sacrifice is offered. You alone give strength when the nature trembles, shudders. This is the voice of the father, calling his child to himself. You gave me life, I return it to you; on earth it has become useless.
