“Do you want to know what I saw / In the wild?” - this is how Mtsyri, the hero of the poem of the same name by M. Lermontov, begins his confession. As a very young child, he was locked up in a monastery, where he spent all his conscious years of his life, never seeing big world And real life. But just before the tonsure, the young man decides to run away, and before him opens huge world. For three days at will, Mtsyri learns this world, trying to make up for everything previously lost, and the truth learns during this time more than others in a lifetime.
What does Mtsyri see in the wild? The first thing he feels is joy and admiration from the nature he has seen, which seems incredibly beautiful to the young man. Indeed, he has something to admire, because he has magnificent Caucasian landscapes in front of him. “Lush fields”, “fresh crowd” of trees, “fancy as dreams” mountain ranges, “white caravan” of bird-clouds - everything attracts the curious look of Mtsyra. His heart becomes “easy, I don’t know why,” and the most precious memories awaken in him, which he was deprived of in captivity. Pictures of childhood and native village, close and familiar people pass before the inner gaze of the hero. Here, the sensitive and poetic nature of Mtsyri is revealed, who sincerely responds to the call of nature, opens up to meet her. It becomes clear to the reader watching the hero that he belongs to those natural people who prefer communication with nature to rotation in society, and their soul has not yet been corrupted by the falsity of this society. The image of Mtsyra in this way was especially important for Lermontov for two reasons. Firstly, the classic romantic hero should have been characterized in a similar way, as a person close to the wild. And, secondly, the poet contrasts his hero with his environment, the so-called generation of the 1830s, most of whom were empty and unprincipled young people. For Mtsyra, three days of freedom became whole life, full of events and inner experiences, - Lermontov's acquaintances complained of boredom and burned their lives in salons and at balls.
Mtsyri continues on his way, and other pictures open before him. Nature is revealed in all its formidable power: lightning, downpour, the "threatening abyss" of the gorge and the noise of the stream, similar to "angry hundreds of voices." But there is no fear in the heart of the fugitive, such a nature is even closer for Mtsyra: “I, like a brother, would be glad to hug the storm!”. For this, a reward awaits him: the voices of heaven and earth, "shy birds", grass and stones - everything surrounding the hero becomes clear to him. Stunning moments of communication with wildlife, dreams and hopes in the midday heat under the incredibly clean - so that one could even see an angel - the sky Mtsyri is ready to experience again and again. So he again feels life and its joy in himself.
Against the backdrop of beautiful mountain scenery his love, a young Georgian girl, also appears before Mtsyri. Her beauty is harmonious and combines all the best natural colors: the mysterious blackness of the nights and the gold of the day. Mtsyri, living in a monastery, dreamed of a homeland, and therefore he does not succumb to the temptation of love. The hero goes forward, and then nature turns to him with her second face.
Night falls, the cold and impenetrable night of the Caucasus. Only the light of a lonely sakli glows faintly somewhere in the distance. Mtsyri recognizes hunger and feels loneliness, the very same that tormented him in the monastery. And the forest stretches and stretches, surrounds Mtsyri with an "impenetrable wall", and he realizes that he is lost. Nature, so friendly to him during the day, suddenly turns into a terrible enemy, ready to lead the fugitive astray and laugh cruelly at him. Moreover, she, in the guise of a leopard, directly stands in the way of Mtsyri, and he has to fight with an equal being for the right to continue on his way. But thanks to this, the hero learns hitherto unknown joy, the joy of fair competition and the happiness of a worthy victory.
It is not difficult to guess why such metamorphoses occur, and Lermontov puts the explanation into the mouth of Mtsyri himself. “It’s the heat, powerless and empty, / The game of dreams, the disease of the mind,” this is how the hero speaks of his dream of returning home to the Caucasus. Yes, for Mtsyra, the homeland means everything, but he, who grew up in prison, will no longer be able to find a way to her. Even a horse that has thrown off a rider returns home, ”Mtsyri exclaims bitterly. But he himself, grown in captivity, like a weak flower, lost that natural instinct that unmistakably prompts the way, and got lost. Mtsyri is delighted with nature, but he is no longer her child, and she rejects him, as a pack of weak and sick animals rejects. The heat scorches the dying Mtsyri, a snake rustles past him, a symbol of sin and death, she rushes about and jumps, “like a blade”, and the hero can only watch this game ...
Mtsyri was free for only a few days, and he had to pay for them with death. And yet they did not pass fruitlessly, the hero knew the beauty of the world, love, and the joy of battle. That is why these three days for Mtsyra are more valuable than the rest of existence:
Do you want to know what I did
At will? Lived - and my life
Without these three blessed days
It would be sadder and gloomier ...
Artwork test
What did Mtsyri see and learn during the three days of freedom?
Wow, I didn’t think that anyone would remember Mtsyri!
Do you want to know what I did in the wild?
Lived. And my life without these three blessed days,
It would be sadder and gloomier, your powerless old age!
So Mtsyri spoke to the old monk who came to him
to find out what Mtsyri was doing all these three days when he fled.
Do you want to know what I saw in the wild? - lush fields,
hills covered with a crown of trees that have grown all around ...
I saw heaps of dark rocks as the stream separated them.
And I guessed their thoughts ... I saw mountain ranges,
bizarre, like dreams ... In the distance I saw through the fog,
In the snows burning like a diamond
Gray unshakable Caucasus;
God, what a poem! What words!
He saw mountains, the sky, a mountainous stormy river, a Georgian girl.
He fought with a leopard. He wanted freedom
wanted to return to his relatives, from whom
he was torn off as a child. For three days he wandered
mountains, and then ended up back where he had fled from.
He was found unconscious in the steppe and returned to the monastery
brought.
This is a poem by Lermontov. Main character Mtsyri, in three days of life in freedom, feels all the beauty of freedom and lives a whole life. Being in captivity, he always wanted to know:
As a result, he was convinced that the world is very beautiful and interesting. I saw nature, felt myself, remembered childhood and parents, love and freedom.
For three days of freedom, Mtsyri learned, in fact, what freedom is. What is life without shackles and responsibilities. He saw the world outside the monastery where he lived. Basically, these were the beauties of nature, since it took place in the mountains and steppes of the Caucasus.
He also saw very beautiful girl, and experienced feelings for her that a normal young man should experience at the sight of a beautiful girl.
As an unthinking child, Mtsyri was left in a monastery, where he grew up, turning into a young man who did not see the big world. However, when he was being prepared for monastic vows, the young man decided to run free.
opened before him wonderful world nature. He learns a lot more in 3 days than some people learn in their entire lives.
The first thing Mtsyri feels is admiration for the beautiful nature of the Caucasus She looks incredibly beautiful. Against the background of the magnificent landscapes of the Caucasus, the young man remembered his native village, pictures of childhood, close people.
His sensitive nature speaks of Mtsyri's belonging to people who prefer communication with wildlife to a society spoiled by falsehood.
It is felt that Lermontov opposes the hero of the poem to his environment, which, for the most part, was empty, young people often complained about boredom, daily living through their lives at balls, in salons.
Against the backdrop of mountain landscapes, Mtsyri will know the breath of first love in the image of a young slender Georgian woman. However, passionately dreaming of seeing his homeland, he will not succumb to the temptation of love, continuing on his way.
And here, such a beautiful nature hitherto, turns to him with a different face, overtaking him in a cold and impenetrable night. The young man again feels the loneliness that tormented him in the monastery, and nature, instead of a friend, suddenly becomes an enemy. In the guise of a leopard, she stood in the way of Mtsyri, offering him to win the right to continue the path he had begun. Battle with a leopard took away from him last strength, during his stay in the monastery, he lost touch with nature, that special instinct that helps to find the way to his native village, therefore, having made a circle, he involuntarily returns to those places from which he fled, and here he loses consciousness.
As a result, Mtsyri again finds himself in the monastery, among the people who left him, but they represent a completely different culture. Now he himself is approaching his death, he is only saddened by the thought that he will die a slave, never seeing his homeland and loved ones.
During the three days of freedom, Mtsyri learned and felt much more for himself than during his entire sluggish life within the walls of the monastery. His escape and these three days in the wild became a real happiness. Ea these three days he breathed freedom in full breastfeeding. He saw the whole world from a different side, which was previously unknown to him at all. He simply enjoyed the magnificence of the surrounding nature, the Caucasian mountains, the splendor of mountain air, a stormy river, waterfalls. This wandering through the mountains was something incredibly beautiful for him. He also had a chance to meet with a dangerous enemy leopard, where he showed all his best good qualities- he was brave and courageous.
And even though his fate was to die, it was not so hard for him to die after three days of real dizzying happiness.
The desire to get to their homeland, to gain freedom pushed Mtsyri to escape from the monastery. Not for long, just three short days he gained the long-awaited freedom and how eventful these days turned out to be. Mtsyri knew the magnificence of free nature, he enjoyed the view of wild waterfalls and mountains, he breathed free air and I think he was infinitely happy these days. This is the main thing that he learned during the escape - what happiness is. With that kind of knowledge, he probably wouldn't have hurt as much to die. He felt the taste of life, he could have known love, because he was fascinated by the singing of a young Georgian woman, but the craving for home was stronger and he continued on his way. He happened to feel a sense of danger, an adrenaline rush from a fight with a leopard, in which he managed to win and become a Vityaz, that is, a warrior, a free man. Mtsyri's life flared up for three days with a bright torch and he burned out in his fire.
Three days of freedom for Mtsyra turned his whole life upside down, because he knew the diversity and beauty of the World. He was amazed by the splendor of nature and absorbed the smallest particle with interest. Mtsyri breathed deeply, contemplating the beauty and feeling hitherto unknown freedom. The young man even managed to fall in love, although this feeling did not lead to reciprocity. It is a pity that Mtsyri was again in the monastery, and the World was again closed to him.
Plan
Introduction
The story of the captivity and life of Mtsyri.
Main part
Three days of wandering - the most vivid impressions of the hero's life:
a) the beauty of nature;
b) meeting with a Georgian girl;
c) a battle with a leopard.
Mtsyri realized that "there will never be a trace to the homeland."
The hero does not regret the three days spent wandering.
Conclusion
The life of the hero "without these three blessed days would be sadder and gloomier ...".
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" is dedicated to the events in the Caucasus in the 30-40s of the XIX century. Mtsyri is a captive child from a mountain tribe, weakened and sick. The Russian general leaves him in a Georgian monastery in the care of the monks. They managed to cure the child, he was baptized, called "Mtsyri", which means "novice". It seemed that Mtsyri was accustomed to living in a monastery, resigned himself to his fate and was even preparing to take a monastic vow, but “suddenly one day he disappeared.” Only three days later they found him, insensible, in the steppe and brought him back.
What did Mtsyri tell about his wanderings during these three days? These were the brightest impressions of his life. All that he was deprived of appeared before him in all its glory. The beauty of nature, "lush fields", hills, mountain streams struck the young man. “God's garden bloomed all around me,” he tells the monk. Even more struck was his meeting with a Georgian girl. Let “her outfit was poor”, but “the darkness of her eyes was so deep, so full of the secrets of love, that my ardent thoughts were confused ...” - the young man recalls. Finally, the battle with the leopard became the strongest shock for him: “... the heart suddenly lit up with a thirst for struggle and blood ...” Armed only with a horned tree bough, Mtsyri shows miracles of courage and strength in this battle. He enjoys the fury of the battle and convinces himself that "maybe in the land of his fathers he is not one of the last daring ones."
Of course, all these impressions tired and exhausted his strength. He's not ready to escape, practically or physically. He does not know the way, did not stock up on food. Therefore, then wandering through the mountains begins, a breakdown, a delusional dream. Seeing familiar places and hearing the ringing of a bell, Mtsyri realized that he was doomed, “that I would never be able to lay a trace back to my homeland.” But he does not regret the three days spent wandering. They contained everything that was not in his life before, all his missed opportunities: freedom, the beauty of the world, the longing for love, the fury of the struggle.
Do you want to know what I did
At will? Lived - and my life
Without these three blessed days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age, -
Mtsyri says to the monk in his dying confession. Life is a feat, life-struggle - this is what the rebellious soul of the hero needed, and it is not his fault that only these three days were realized in his life.
The 1839 poem "Mtsyri" is one of the main program works M. Yu. Lermontov. The problems of the poem are connected with the central motives of his work: the theme of freedom and will, the theme of loneliness and exile, the theme of the hero's merging with the world, nature.
The hero of the poem is a powerful personality, opposing the world around him, challenging him. The action takes place in the Caucasus, among the free and powerful Caucasian nature, akin to the soul of the hero. Mtsyri values freedom most of all, does not accept life "half strength":
Such two lives in one.
But only full of anxiety
I would change if I could.
Time in the monastery was for him only a chain of agonizing hours, intertwined into days, years ... Three days of will became true life:
Do you want to know what I did
At will? Lived - and my life
Without these three blessed days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.
These three days of complete, absolute freedom allowed Mtsyri to recognize himself. He remembered his childhood: pictures of infancy suddenly opened up to him, his homeland came to life in his memory:
And I remembered my father's house,
Our gorge and all around
In the shadow of a scattered village ...
He saw “like living” faces of parents, sisters, fellow villagers ...
Mtsyri lived his whole life in three days. He was a child in parental home, dearly beloved son and brother; he was a warrior and a hunter, fighting a leopard; was a timid young man in love, looking in delight at the "maiden of the mountains." He was in all things a true son of his land and his people:
... yes, the hand of fate
She took me in a different direction...
But now I'm sure
What could be in the land of fathers
Not one of the last daredevils.
For three days in the wild, Mtsyri received an answer to a question that had tormented him for a long time:
Find out if the earth is beautiful
Find out for freedom or prison
We were born into this world.
Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of the young man's story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to the world, full of colors and sounds, joy. When Mtsyri speaks about nature, the thought of will does not leave him: everything in this natural world exist freely, no one suppresses the other: gardens bloom, streams rustle, birds sing, etc. This confirms the hero in the thought that a person is also born for will, without which there can be neither happiness nor life itself.
What Mtsyri experienced and saw in three “blessed” days led the hero to the thought: three days of freedom are better than the eternal bliss of paradise; better death than humility and resignation to fate. Having expressed such thoughts in the poem, M. Yu. Lermontov argued with his era, which doomed thinking person to inaction, he asserted struggle, activity as the principle of human life.
- Why, portraying Kutuzov in the novel "War and Peace", Tolstoy deliberately avoids the glorification of the image of the commander? - -
- Why does the theme of the author's farewell to youth, poetry and romanticism sound in the finale of the sixth chapter of the novel "Eugene Onegin"? - -
- What was Pontius Pilate's punishment? (based on the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita") - -
- Is Natalia's character constructive or destructive at its core? (based on the epic novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don") - -
- Why is Satine defending Luka in a dispute with the roomers? (based on the play by M. Gorky "At the bottom") - -
- Is it possible to consider the hero of the story I.A. Bunin's "The Gentleman from San Francisco" as a typical hero of the early 20th century? - -
Composition
First question: the purpose of Mtsyra's escape. Mtsyri fled to "find out if the earth is beautiful", "to find out whether we will be born into this world for will or prison" and to "go to our native country." What did Mtsyri see? The answer is in stanzas 6, half of the 9th, 10th and 11th. Having escaped during a thunderstorm, Mtsyri saw the world, closed from him earlier, by the monastery walls. Therefore, he peers so eagerly into every picture that opens to him, so carefully notes everything that he sees, and then so enthusiastically tells about nature. It is impossible not to recognize the unique Caucasian landscape in the paintings described by the hero. We see the relief of the Caucasus: "lush fields", hills with tall grasses, mountain ranges and rocks, gorges and abysses, streams and turbulent streams. We learn about the vegetation of Georgia: about the tall grasses of its valleys (stanza 9), about the rich vineyards (stanza 11), about the blackthorns tangled with ivy and dense eternal forests (stanza 15).
Nature, which struck Mtsyri, is not silent: either the sound of a mountain stream is heard, or the rustle of damp leaves agitated by the wind, then the singing of birds is heard in foggy silence, or the cry of a jackal is heard. The emergence of a picture of Caucasian nature in Mtsyri's story is motivated by the fact that the hero fled from the monastery in order to see the world, to find out what it is like. The landscape in the poem is important as a specific picture of this world, as a background against which the action unfolds, but at the same time it helps to reveal the character of the hero, that is, it turns out to be one of the ways to create a romantic image. Mtsyri's personality, his character is reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness and diversity of nature, contrasting with the monotony of the monastic setting. And in close attention with which the hero looks at the world, his love for life, for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things is felt.
Each manifestation of life pleases the young man, although he does not directly speak about it. When he recalls the animals he met in the mountains, he has special, as if specially chosen words (“the birds sang”, the jackal “cries like a child”, a snake slips, "playing and basking"). Mtsyri perceives nature as it is. He sees in it both serene, almost idyllic pictures, when the world seems to him "God's garden", and formidable, severe: "heaps of dark rocks", separated by a stream and stone embraces stretched in the air, a terrible forest. He enjoys the splendor summer morning, sees the transparent blue sky of Georgia, but he also remembers the withering midday heat in the mountains, and the black nights when the world becomes dark and silent. This inconsistency does not frighten the young man; it does not block him from the harmony that exists in nature. And the fact that Mtsyri is able to perceive nature in its entirety speaks of the spiritual breadth of the hero.
In Mtsyri's story, nature appears not as something abstract, it is concrete, visible. But at the same time, it is not difficult to see that the very selection of pictures and objects of representation is peculiar. Attention is drawn to what speaks of the beauty of nature, its greatness, grandeur; real pictures are not embellished, but what is seen is drawn only what the hero affirms in the thought of the perfection of the natural world. Therefore, the landscape in Mtsyri, despite its veracity and concreteness, cannot be called realistic. real pictures appear in a romantic light through the perception of the hero. The romanticism of the landscape is enhanced by the fact that Mtsyri, speaking about what he saw and nature, seeks to convey his impression of it. This gives emotionality to the description of nature. specific images lose their real outlines, acquire a slightly abstract emotional pattern. Epithets play a significant role in creating ideas about objects and phenomena of nature. Often it is thanks to them. real image appears in a new way. In most cases, epithets are of a pronounced emotional nature: "burning abyss", "angry shaft", " magical voices", etc. Even in cases where the epithet emphasizes the attribute of the subject, it does not lose its emotional coloring. So, for example, the “transparent green of the sheets” is a realistic image, and at the same time it is emotionally saturated, evokes the impression of youth, freshness, and purity.
The emotionality of images is often enhanced by comparisons. For example, "ridges as bizarre as dreams"; trees rustling "in a crowd, like brothers in a circular dance", etc. It is characteristic that these comparisons are not born by chance, they reveal both the life experience and the ideas of the hero. “Like brothers in a circular dance” - an image inspired by Mtsyri's vague memories of his childhood in his native village; “fantastic, like dreams” is an image associated with monastic life: in cramped gloomy cells, dreams seem fantastic, bizarre.
Lermontov does not strive for original visual means, he often uses the usual, established in romantic literature and oral folk poetry. From here a large number of such ordinary comparisons as “slender as a poplar”, “burning like a diamond”, “cried like a child”, etc. and such epithets as “free youth”, “greedy hugs”, “holy homeland”. But they enhance the expressiveness of the hero's monologue, the excitement of the general tone of the poem. Observations on character visual means in a poem, accumulating students' ideas about the features romantic style, help to more clearly understand the attitude of the hero to the world that was revealed to him during his wanderings.
Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, experienced the joy of communicating with it. Acquaintance with the world gave Mtsyri the answer to the first question, “Is the earth beautiful?”. Yes, the world is beautiful! - such is the meaning of the young man's story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives Mtsyri an answer to the second question: then man was created, why does he live? Man is born for the will, and not for prison - that's the conclusion. In freedom, a person is happy, and Mtsyri calls the three days spent outside the monastery "blessed", he says that his life without these days
* Ø "would be sadder and gloomier than powerless old age"
The feeling of happiness in Mtsyra is caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish.
