In 1966. At the Chita seminar of young writers of Eastern Siberia and Far East(1965) noted the talent of Rasputin, he was recommended to the Union of Writers of the USSR. Big success Rasputin's first story "Money for Mary" was received from readers. Criticism noted it as Rasputin's transition from "taiga romance and poetization of strong characters in their mysterious unity with nature" to deep psychologism, which would then accompany all the writer's further work. Rasputin will test his heroes, subjecting them to the test of conscience, money, love for mother, loyalty to home and country, attitude to the world and nature in each story. Tale " Deadline"(1970) brought Rasputin worldwide fame. Since the beginning of the 1970s, Rasputin's novels and stories have been published in numerous publishing houses of the country, translated into the languages of all republics (now - "near abroad"), published in many European countries, Japan, USA. In 1977, Rasputin was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the story "Live and Remember", in 1987 the State Prize was awarded for the story "Fire". Rasputin is a member of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and the RSFSR (since 1985), was repeatedly elected secretary of both unions, since 1994 - co-chairman of the Board of the Union of Writers of Russia. In the 1980s and 1990s, he worked a lot in the genre of journalism, wrote essays and reflections on the fate of the cherished corners of Siberia. His book “Siberia, Siberia...” (1991), illustrated with photographs from Irkutsk B.V. Dmitriev, immediately became a bibliographic rarity upon publication. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the last convocation, was an adviser to the Presidential Council under M. S. Gorbachev. A member of the editorial boards of many newspapers and magazines, he was a member of the governing bodies of social movements whose activities are dedicated to the revival of Russia. The initiator and inspirer of holding the annual Days of Russian Spirituality and Culture "" in Irkutsk since 1994.
Irkutsk. Historical and local lore dictionary. 2011
Lived and worked in Irkutsk and Moscow. March 12, 2015 was hospitalized, was in a coma. Died March 14, 2015.
Social and political activity
With the beginning of "perestroika" Rasputin joined the broad socio-political struggle. The writer takes a consistent anti-liberal position, signed, in particular, an anti-perestroika letter condemning the Ogonyok magazine (Pravda, 01/18/1989), Letter from Russian Writers (1990 | 1990), Word to the People (July 1991) , appeal of the 43rd "Stop the reforms of death" (2001). The winged formula of counterperestroika was the one quoted by Rasputin in his speech at the First Congress people's deputies USSR P. A. Stolypin’s phrase: “You need great upheavals. We need a great country."
March 2, 1990 in the newspaper " Literary Russia” published “Letter of Writers of Russia”, addressed to Supreme Council USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU, where, in particular, it was said:
"IN last years under the banner of the declared “democratization”, the construction of a “rule of law”, under the slogans of the fight against “fascism and racism”, the forces of social destabilization were unbridled in our country, the successors of open racism moved to the forefront of ideological restructuring. Their refuge - multi-million copies in circulation periodicals, television and radio channels broadcasting throughout the country. Massive harassment, defamation and persecution of representatives of the indigenous population of the country, which is essentially declared “outlawed” from the point of view of that mythical “legal state”, in which, it seems, there will be no place for either Russian or other indigenous peoples of Russia, is taking place, unprecedented in the entire history of mankind. ".
Rasputin was among the 74 writers who signed this appeal.
In 1989-1990 - People's Deputy of the USSR.
In the summer of 1989, at the first Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, he first proposed the withdrawal of Russia from the USSR.
In 1990-1991 - Member of the Presidential Council of the USSR under M. S. Gorbachev. Commenting on this episode of his life in a later conversation with V. Bondarenko, V. Rasputin remarked:
“My journey to power ended in nothing. It was completely in vain. […] With shame I remember why I went there. My premonition deceived me. It seemed to me that there were still years of struggle ahead, but it turned out that there were some months left before the collapse. I was like a free app that wasn't even allowed to talk."
In Irkutsk, Rasputin contributes to the publication of the newspaper Literary Irkutsk.
In 2007, Rasputin came out in support of Zyuganov.
Family
Father - Grigory Nikitich Rasputin (1913-1974), mother - Nina Ivanovna Rasputina (1911-1995).
Wife - Svetlana Ivanovna (1939–2012), daughter of the writer Ivan Molchanov-Sibirsky, sister of Evgenia Ivanovna Molchanova, wife of the poet Vladimir Skif. She died May 1, 2012 at the age of 72.
Daughter - Maria Rasputina (May 8, 1971 - July 9, 2006), musicologist, organist, teacher at the Moscow Conservatory. She died on July 9, 2006 as a result of a plane crash that occurred at the airport, at the age of 35.
Son - Sergei Rasputin (1961), teacher in English.
Compositions
Tale
- Money for Mary (1967)
- Deadline (1970)
- Live and Remember (1974)
- Farewell to Matera (1976)
- Fire (1985)
- Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother (2003)
Stories and essays
- I forgot to ask Alyoshka... (1965)
- The Edge Near the Sky (1966)
- Campfires of New Cities (1966)
- Up and Downstream (1972)
- French Lessons (1973)
- Live a century - love a century (1982)
- Siberia, Siberia (1991)
- These Twenty Killing Years (co-authored with Viktor Kozhemyako) (2013)
Screen adaptations
1969 - "Rudolfio", dir. Dinara Asanova
1969 - "Rudolfio", dir. Valentin Kuklev (student work at VGIK) video
1978 - "French Lessons", dir. Evgeny Tashkov
1980 - "Farewell", dir. Larisa Shepitko b Elem Klimov.
1980 - “Bear skin for sale”, dir. Alexander Itygilov.
1981 - "Vasily and Vasilisa", dir. Irina Poplavskaya
2008 - "Live and Remember", dir. Alexander Proshkin
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labor (1987), two Orders of Lenin (1984, 1987), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1981), Order of the Badge of Honor (1971), Order of Merit for the Fatherland III degree (March 8, 2007), Order of Merit for the Fatherland IV degree (October 28, 2002). Laureate (1977, 1987) international award named after Fyodor Dostoevsky, Alexander Solzhenitsyn Prize " for the poignant expression of poetry and tragedy folk life, in conjunction with Russian nature and speech; sincerity and chastity in the resurrection of good principles», literary prize named after Sergei Aksakov (2005). Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2010), State Prize of Russia (2012). Honorary citizen of Irkutsk (1986).
Memory
The name of Valentin Rasputin was given to the ISU Scientific Library.
In 2015, the name of Valentin Rasputin was given to the Baikal international festival popular science and documentaries"Human and nature".
In 2015, the name of Valentin Rasputin was given to school No. 12 in the city (Irkutsk region), in March 2016, a memorial plaque in honor of the writer was installed on the facade of the school building.
On March 19, 2015, the name of Valentin Rasputin was given to secondary school No. 5 in the city of Uryupinsk (Volgograd Region).
Application. Valentin Rasputin. Biographical sketch
“I was born three hundred kilometers from,” says the writer, “in, what on. So I am a native Siberian, or, as we say, local. My father was a peasant, worked in the timber industry, served and fought ... In a word, he was like everyone else. Mother worked, was a housewife, barely managed her affairs and family - as far as I remember, she always had enough worries ”(Questions of Literature. 1976. No. 9).
Rasputin's childhood passed in the lower reaches, in the small village of Atalanka, which was later moved ashore. From 1944 to 1948 he studied at the Atalan primary school, from 1948 to 1954 in the Ust-Udinsk secondary school.
In 1954 he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of the Irkutsk University.
“In Moscow, they openly say that they do not know what to do with Eastern Siberia. This was discussed at a recent forum in Irkutsk. It seems that they are going to transfer us to some states: they are selling a map of our minerals so that they know where and what to mine from us. It's not a fairy tale, that's for sure. Thousands of Chinese move here, settle, work, settle down. In Blagoveshchensk they no longer know where to go from them. The prospects are very bleak... Games of justice, talk about human rights... What kind of human rights are people with native land, from their native graves they drive!
Literature
- Russian Mouth // Rasputin V. Siberia… Siberia…: essays. - M., 1991. - S.221-264
- Rasputin V. On Indigirka, next to the ocean // pink seagull. - 1991. - No. 1. - S.195-201.
- Rasputin V. writer and time: Sat. document. prose. - M., 1989. - S.4-50.
- Rasputin V. Russian Mouth: From the book "Siberia, Siberia ..." // Our contemporary. - 1989. - No. 5. - S.3-40.
- Valentin Rasputin. Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother. Tale // article from the magazine "Our Contemporary". - 2003. - № 11.
- Chuprinin S. Russian literature today. New guide. - M., 2009.
- We have the Kulikovo Field, they have a “field of miracles”: Valentin Rasputin in a conversation with Viktor Kozhemyako //
Siberia magazine No. 357/2 (2015) is entirely dedicated to Valentin Rasputin.
E.Yu. Sidorov:“Valentin Rasputin, one of our most talented prose writers, wrote the story Farewell to Matyora, which evoked complex, conflicting feelings. Perhaps, the writer has never been so tendentious, so passionately active, as in this work. Never before has he so densely saturated literally every page of a book with his temperament, moral sermon, desire to pass a poetic sentence on life. Requiem for the outgoing Siberian village, farewell to the parental and grandfather's shrines, washed away by ruthless time, not only on earth, but even in the memory of future generations that do not leave lasting traces, nodules that save the continuity of the thread of the spiritual and moral development, - that's what new story Rasputin, here is his pain and tenderness, anger and strength, pathos and compassion.
I have already written about the fact that Rasputin's prose cannot be judged according to the laws of "direct", everyday verisimilitude, it opposes this. Rasputin is not a “life writer”, in his stories there is always a poetic subtext, ambiguity artistic idea. We can say that every time he builds a “poetic model” village life with a specific ethical purpose. Hence the principles of typification of characters, especially the main, female ones, which most fully express the figurative thought of the work. They, whether it’s the old woman Anna in “Deadline”, Nastya in “Live and Remember” or Daria from “Farewell to Matyora”, will certainly include in their spiritual world and the author's point of view, his voice, his attitude.<...>
It would be in vain to look in the story for realistic and psychological explanations for such a tense and complex inner world, which the old woman Daria carries in herself. He, this world, is projected by Rasputin from his heart. This is his pain for human unconsciousness, his anxiety for modern man who often, too often lives in a carefree moment, not looking back and therefore poorly distinguishing what is ahead, ignoring the moral and spiritual roots of his being. That is exactly what the forty-year-old rascal Petrukha does, who himself secretly sets fire to his native hut in order to receive money from the state for a new facility before the deadline, and even drink it in the city. This is exactly how Klavka argues, referring to the old people: “A new life has come around for a long time, and you, like dung beetles, clutch at the old one, digging some sweetness in it ... It’s high time to pick off your Matyora and send it across the Angara”, to which Daria drops reasonably and bitterly: “You didn’t grow here and you won’t grow anywhere, you won’t feel sorry for anything. That's the kind of person you are... trimmings."
It is impossible to save Matera, just as it is impossible to stop life, to deceive death.<...>Where is the way out, how to combine, relatively speaking, technical progress with the preservation of all the best that is in the traditions of our rural way of life?
For Rasputin, there is only one way out: his writing. He incessantly calls: live and remember! He writes his old women Anna, Daria and, capturing their last term in detail, as if he gives a lesson to us living, in the hope that a true word in itself is also life and overcoming oblivion.
MM. Dunaev:“In the old woman Darya (“Farewell to Matyora”), a natural inner impulse occurs: an appeal to God with every unrighteous, albeit small, action of others. And she, in the simplicity of her soul, prayerfully turns to God, feeling her own and universal guilt in everything and her alienation from the unknown new way of life.
But young people don't have that anymore. Already Daria's grandson, Andrey, is skeptical about talking about the soul.<...>
This is what, in fact, the writer portrayed in his stories: superstition, idolatry, debauchery, obsession. But also the fact that the sources are hidden somewhere, albeit in the souls leaving life.
Rasputin sees a direct connection between the beginning of such impoverishment of life and the devastation of the earth: whether the forest was cut down without a mind or flooded everything indiscriminately, relatives destroyed houses and graves. The land was devastated, the water was muddied - what good can you expect from that? And morality is worn out everywhere, wherever you look. Even when they seem to be trying to bypass the earth, they still twist.
Rasputin cruelly judges the reorganizers of the earth, who destroyed the best, driving people to the worst (this a common problem of the entire Soviet reorganization of life, including all kinds of construction projects of the century, sung by godless poets). But after all, people with a twisted soul began to mutilate the earth. When and who is it so? And why did a man allow his soul to be so defiled that he did not understand, did not notice himself how life was depleted?
V.N. Krupin: “But here is the Hut. If Russian literature of the coming century is destined to be, then it will come not from Gogol's "Overcoat", not from Matryonin's yard, but from Rasputin's hut. Let us recall how in “Farewell to Matyora” Daria cleans her hut before giving it up for burning. It is not necessary to retell, it is necessary to re-read and imagine what a hut is for us - that's all. Everything in it is so alive, so intimately related, and now all this must perish. When I read it for the first time, I remembered a story from medieval literature. The son is sentenced to death. The mother asks the ruler for him. The ruler is adamant - his son must be executed. And the mother told her son the day before: “If I stand in a white dress when they take you to the execution, it means that you will be pardoned, and if you wear black, you will be executed.” And the mother put on a white dress. And with a calm soul, her son ascended the scaffold. So Daria's hut, deceived by tidying up, preening, thought she would still live for a long, long time, until the arsonists brought a burning torch to her.
And here is Agafya's hut. “The hut remained an orphan, Agafya did not have any heirs.” But the hut is strong, its powerful walls will withstand frost, a strong roof will not let in moisture, a garden near the hut will give potatoes and vegetables, you can live. It is possible and necessary. It is noteworthy that the author leads Agafya's hut through the fire. It is arranged by stray weak-willed people Katya and Vanya. Good people save them and the hut.
“Agafya’s hut met and saw off winters and summers, burned out under the burning cold from the north, groaned and died to the point of breathlessness and again warmed up with the sun ... Here, in Agafia’s fence, there was something to think about ... Here you could sigh to your heart’s content, and so many inexpressible sighs accumulated here that the clouds in the sky lingered over this place and were filled with them, taking with them the harvest of human hearts.
Carried away, we add, to the throne of Heaven. The old woman who buried her mother in the story “To the same land” goes to church after the funeral. Nowhere else. The devil reigned in the world - money. An old woman, like her, has never had and never will have money, she is free from dependence on the golden calf. She goes to the Lord. And still clumsily, with his fingers hardened from work, he “kindles” and places candles in front of the holy icons.
For the first time, but she came to the temple, clumsily, but put candles. And she saw how “the sun was beating in a slanting sheaf through a high window, the enthusiastic angelic singing was clearly heard.”
All last works Valentina Rasputin say one thing: the salvation of Russia is in the revival of traditional spiritual and cultural property. All other paths have been tried. Are we really not listening to the voice of the greatest writer of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century? Or will we again do without a prophet in our (in our!) Fatherland?”
The life and work of the writer V. Rasputin
Born March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda, Irkutsk Region. Father - Rasputin Grigory Nikitich (1913-1974). Mother - Rasputina Nina Ivanovna (1911-1995). Wife - Rasputina Svetlana Ivanovna (born in 1939), pensioner. Son - Rasputin Sergey Valentinovich (born in 1961), teacher of English. Daughter - Rasputina Maria Valentinovna (born in 1971), art critic. Granddaughter - Antonina (born in 1986).
In March 1937, a son, Valentin, appeared in the family of a young worker of the regional consumer union from the district village of Ust-Uda, lost on the taiga coast of the Angara almost halfway between Irkutsk and Bratsk, who later glorified this wonderful region to the whole world. Soon the parents moved to the family father's nest - the village of Atalanka. The beauty of the nature of the Angara region overwhelmed the impressionable boy from the very first years of his life, forever settling in the hidden depths of his heart, soul, consciousness and memory, sprouted in his works with grains of fertile shoots that nourished more than one generation of Russians with their spirituality.
The place on the banks of the beautiful Angara has become the center of the universe for a talented boy. No one doubted that he was like that - in the village, after all, anyone from birth is visible at a glance. Valentin learned literacy and counting from an early age - he was very greedily drawn to knowledge. A smart boy read everything that came across: books, magazines, scraps of newspapers. His father, returning from the war as a hero, was in charge of the post office, and his mother worked in a savings bank. A carefree childhood was cut short at once - a bag with state money was cut off from his father on a steamer, for which he ended up in Kolyma, leaving his wife with three young children to their fate.
There was only a four-year-old in Atalanka. For further studies, Valentin was sent to the Ust-Uda secondary school. The boy grew up on his own hungry and bitter experience, but an indestructible craving for knowledge and a not childishly serious responsibility helped to survive. About it difficult period Rasputin later writes about his life in the story "French Lessons", surprisingly reverent and truthful.
There were only fives in Valentin's matriculation certificate. A couple of months later, in the summer of the same 1954, having brilliantly passed the entrance exams, he became a student at the Faculty of Philology Irkutsk University, was fond of Remarque, Hemingway, Proust. I didn’t think about writing - it’s clear that the time has not yet come.
Life was not easy. I thought about mother and children. Valentine felt responsible for them. Earning a living wherever possible, he began to bring his articles to the editorial offices of radio and youth newspapers. Even before the defense thesis he was accepted into the staff of the Irkutsk newspaper "Soviet Youth", where the future playwright Alexander Vampilov also came. The genre of journalism sometimes did not fit into the framework of classical literature, but it allowed me to gain life experience and get on my feet stronger. After the death of Stalin, my father was amnestied, returned home disabled and barely reached 60 years old
In 1962, Valentin moved to Krasnoyarsk, the topics of his publications became larger - the construction of the Abakan-Taishet railway, the Sayano-Shushenskaya and Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power stations, hard work and heroism of young people, etc. New meetings and impressions no longer fit into the framework of newspaper publications. His first story, "I forgot to ask L?shka", imperfect in form, poignant in content, sincere to the point of tears. At a logging site, a fallen pine tree touched a 17-year-old boy. The bruised place began to turn black. Friends undertook to accompany the victim to the hospital, which is 50 kilometers on foot. At first they argued about the communist future, but Leshka was getting worse. He didn't make it to the hospital. And friends never asked the boy if happy humanity would remember the names of simple hard workers, such as they and L?shka ...
At the same time, Valentin's essays began to appear in the Angara almanac, which became the basis of his first book, The Land Near the Sky (1966) about tafalars - small people living in the Sayans.
However, the most significant event in the life of the writer Rasputin happened a year earlier, when at once, one after another, his stories “Rudolfio”, “Vasily and Vasilisa”, “Meeting” and others appeared, which the author still includes in published collections. With them, he went to the Chita meeting of young writers, among the leaders of which were V. Astafiev, A. Ivanov, A. Koptyaeva, V. Lipatov, S. Narovchatov, V. Chivilikhin. The latter became godfather"A young writer, whose works were published in the capital's publications ("Spark", " TVNZ") and interested wide circle readers "from Moscow to the outskirts." Rasputin still continues to publish essays, but most of creative energy is already given to stories. Their appearance is expected, they show interest. At the beginning of 1967, the story "Vasily and Vasilisa" appeared in the weekly "Literary Russia" and became the tuning fork of Rasputin's prose, in which the depth of the characters' characters is cut with jewelry precision by the state of nature. It is an integral part of almost all the works of the writer.
Vasilisa did not forgive a long-standing insult to her husband, who somehow took an ax out of a drunkenness and became the culprit in the death of their unborn child. For forty years they lived side by side, but not together. She is in the house, he is in the barn. From there he went to war, and returned there. Vasily was looking for himself in the mines, in the city, in the taiga, he remained beside his wife, he also brought the lame Alexandra here. Vasily's cohabitant awakens in her a waterfall of feelings - jealousy, resentment, anger, and later - acceptance, pity and even understanding. After Alexandra left to look for her son, with whom the war separated them, Vasily still remained in his barn, and only before Vasily's death did Vasilisa forgive him. Vasily saw and felt it. No, she did not forget anything, she forgave, removed this stone from her soul, but remained firm and proud. And this is the power of the Russian character, which neither our enemies nor ourselves are destined to know!
In 1967, after the publication of the novel Money for Mary, Rasputin was admitted to the Writers' Union. Came fame and fame. They started talking about the author seriously - his new works become the subject of discussion. Being an extremely critical and demanding person, Valentin Grigorievich decided to deal only with literary activity. Respecting the reader, he could not afford to combine even such close creative genres as journalism and literature. In 1970, his story "The Deadline" was published in the magazine "Our Contemporary". It has become a mirror of the spirituality of our contemporaries, the kind of bonfire where people wanted to warm themselves so as not to freeze in the hustle and bustle of city life. What is it about? About all of us. We are all children of our mothers. And we also have children. And as long as we remember our roots, we have the right to be called Humans. The bond between a mother and her children is the most important on earth. It is she who gives us strength and love, it is she who leads through life. Everything else is less important. Work, success, connections, in essence, cannot be decisive if you have lost the thread of generations, if you have forgotten where your roots are. So in this story, Mother waits and remembers, she loves each of her children, regardless of whether they are alive or not. Her memory, her love does not let her die without seeing her children. According to an alarm telegram, they gather in native home. The mother no longer sees, and does not hear, and does not get up. But some unknown force awakens her consciousness as soon as the children arrive. They have matured a long time ago, life has scattered them around the country, but they are unaware that these are the words of a mother's prayer that spread the wings of angels over them. The meeting of close people who had not lived together for a long time, who almost broke the thin thread of the relationship, their conversations, disputes, memories, like water in a dried desert, revived the mother, gave her a few happy moments before her death. Without this meeting, she could not go to another world. But most of all, they needed this meeting, already hardened in life, losing family ties in separation from each other. The story "The Deadline" brought Rasputin worldwide fame and was translated into dozens of foreign languages.
The year 1976 gave fans of V. Rasputin a new joy. In Farewell to Mat?ra, the writer continued to depict the dramatic life of the Siberian hinterland, showing us dozens of the brightest characters, among which the amazing and unique Rasputin old women still dominated. It would seem that these uneducated Siberians are famous for what long years life either failed, or did not want to see Big world? But their worldly wisdom and the experience gained over the years is sometimes worth more than the knowledge of professors and academicians. The old women of Rasputin are a special become. Strong in spirit and strong in health, these Russian women are from the breed of those who "stop a galloping horse, enter a burning hut." It is they who give birth to Russian heroes and their faithful girlfriends. Whether it is their love, hatred, anger, or joy, our mother earth is strong. They know how to love and create, argue with fate and win over it. Even being offended and despised, they create, but do not destroy. But other times have come, which the old people are not able to resist.
It consists of many islands that sheltered people on the mighty Angara, the island of Matra. The ancestors of the old people lived on it, plowed the land, gave it strength and fertility. Their children and grandchildren were born here, and life either seethed or flowed smoothly. Here characters were forged and fates were tested. And the island village of the century would stand. But the construction of a large hydroelectric power station, so necessary for people and the country, but leading to the flooding of hundreds of thousands of hectares of land, the flooding of all former life along with arable land, fields and meadows, for young people this may have been a happy exit into a big life, for the elderly - death . In fact, it is the fate of the country. These people do not protest, do not make noise. They are just grieving. And the heart is torn from this aching melancholy. And nature echoes them with its pain. In this novel and stories by Valentin Rasputin continue the best traditions of Russian classics - Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Bunin, Leskov, Tyutchev, Fet.
Rasputin does not break into accusations and criticism, does not become a tribune and herald, calling for a riot. He is not against progress, he is for a reasonable continuation of life. His spirit rises against the trampling of traditions, against loss of memory, against apostasy from the past, its lessons, its history. The roots of the Russian national character are precisely in continuity. The thread of generations cannot, must not be interrupted by "Ivans who do not remember kinship." The richest Russian culture rests on traditions and foundations.
In the works of Rasputin, human versatility is intertwined with the subtlest psychologism. The state of soul of his heroes is a special world, the depth of which is subject only to the talent of the Master. Following the author, we plunge into the whirlpool of life events of his characters, imbued with their thoughts, follow the logic of their actions. We can argue with them and disagree, but we cannot remain indifferent. So this harsh truth of life takes over the soul. There are still whirlpools among the writer's heroes, there are almost blissful people, but at the core they are powerful Russian characters, which are akin to the freedom-loving Angara with its rapids, zigzags, smooth expanse and dashing agility. The year 1977 was a significant year for the writer. For the story "Live and Remember" he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. The story of Nastya, the wife of a deserter, is a topic that was not accepted to be written about. In our literature, there were heroes and heroines who committed real feats. Whether on the front line, deep in the rear, surrounded or in a besieged city, in a partisan detachment, at a plow or at a machine tool. People with strong characters, suffering and loving. They forged Victory, bringing it closer step by step. They could doubt, but still made the only right decision. Such images brought up the heroic qualities of our contemporaries, served as an example to follow. ... Husband returned to Nastya from the front. Not a hero - during the day and throughout the village with honor, but at night, quietly and stealthily. He is a deserter. The end of the war is already in sight. After the third, very difficult wound, he broke down. Come back to life and suddenly die? He could not overcome this fear. The war took away the best years from Nastya herself, love, affection, did not allow her to become a mother. If something happens to her husband, the door to the future will slam in front of her. Hiding from people, from her husband's parents, she understands and accepts her husband, does everything to save him, rushes into the winter cold, making her way into his lair, hiding fear, hiding from people. She loves and is loved, perhaps for the first time like this, deeply, without looking back. The result of this love is the future child. long-awaited happiness. No, it's a shame! It is believed that the husband is at war, and the wife is walking. Her husband's parents, fellow villagers, turned away from Nastya. The authorities suspect her in connection with the deserter and are watching. Go to her husband - indicate the place where he is hiding. Don't go - starve him to death. The circle closes. Nastena rushes to the Angara in despair.
The soul is torn to pieces from the pain for her. It seems that the whole world goes under water with this woman. There is no more beauty and joy. The sun will not rise, the grass will not rise in the field. The forest bird will not trill, the children's laughter will not sound. Nothing alive will remain in nature. Life ends on the most tragic note. She, of course, will be reborn, but without Nastena and her unborn child. It would seem that the fate of one family, and grief is all-encompassing. So there is some truth. And most importantly - there is the right to display it. Silence, no doubt, it would be easier. But no better. This is the depth and drama of Rasputin's philosophy.
He could write multi-volume novels - they would be enthusiastically read and filmed. Because the images of his heroes are excitingly interesting, because the plots attract with the truth of life. Rasputin preferred convincing brevity. But at the same time, how rich and unique is the speech of his heroes (“some kind of secret girl, quiet”), the poetry of nature (“tight snows, taken in crust, tinkled from the first icicles, we first melted the air”). The language of Rasputin's works flows like a river, replete with wonderful-sounding words. Every line is a storehouse of Russian literature, speech lace. Should it happen that only the works of Rasputin reach the descendants in the following centuries, they will be delighted with the richness of the Russian language, its power and originality.
The writer manages to convey the intensity of human passions. His heroes are woven from the traits of a national character - wise, complaisant, sometimes rebellious, from diligence, from life itself. They are popular, recognizable, live next to us, and therefore are so close and understandable. At the gene level, with mother's milk, they pass on to the next generations the accumulated experience, spiritual generosity and stamina. Such wealth is richer than bank accounts, more prestigious than positions and mansions.
A simple Russian house is that fortress behind the walls of which human values lie. Their carriers are not afraid of defaults and privatization, they do not replace conscience with well-being. Goodness, honor, conscience, justice remain the main measures of their actions. It is not easy for the heroes of Rasputin to fit into the modern world. But they are not strangers in it. These are the people who define existence.
The years of perestroika, market relations and timelessness have shifted the threshold of moral values. About this story "In the hospital", "Fire". People are looking for and evaluate themselves in a difficult modern world. Valentin Grigorievich also found himself at a crossroads. He writes little, because there are times when the artist's silence is more disturbing and creative than words. This is the whole of Rasputin, because he is still extremely demanding of himself. Especially at a time when new Russian bourgeois, brothers and oligarchs emerged as "heroes".
In 1987, the writer was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He awarded with orders Lenin, Red Banner of Labor, "Badge of Honor", "For Services to the Fatherland" IV degree (2004), became an honorary citizen of Irkutsk. In 1989, Valentin Rasputin was elected to the Union Parliament, under M.S. Gorbachev became a member of the Presidential Council. But this work did not bring moral satisfaction to the writer - politics is not his destiny.
Valentin Grigoryevich writes essays and articles in defense of the desecrated Baikal, working in numerous commissions for the benefit of people. The time has come to pass on experience to the young, and Valentin Grigorievich became the initiator of the annual autumn holiday"Shine of Russia", which gathers the most honest and talented writers in the Siberian city. He has something to tell his students. Many of our eminent contemporaries in literature, cinema, on the stage and in sports come from Siberia. They absorbed strength and their sparkling talent from this land. Rasputin lives for a long time in Irkutsk, every year he visits his village, where there are native people and native graves. Next to him are relatives and close in spirit people. This wife is a faithful companion and the most close friend, reliable assistant and simple loving person. These are children, granddaughter, friends and like-minded people.
Valentin Grigorievich is a faithful son of the Russian land, a defender of its honor. His talent is akin to a holy spring that can quench the thirst of millions of Russians. Having tasted the books of Valentin Rasputin, knowing the taste of his truth, you no longer want to be content with surrogates for literature. His bread is bitter, without frills. It is always freshly baked and flavorless. It is not able to become stale, because it has no statute of limitations. Such a product has been baked in Siberia for centuries, and it was called eternal bread. So the works of Valentin Rasputin are unshakable, eternal values. Spiritual and moral baggage, the burden of which not only does not pull, but also gives strength.
Living in unity with nature, the writer still unobtrusively, but deeply and sincerely loves Russia and believes that her strength is enough for the spiritual rebirth of the nation.
creative rasputin writer story
Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin is one of the most prominent representatives classical Soviet and Russian prose of the twentieth century. He wrote such iconic stories as “Live and Remember”, “Farewell to Mother”, “Ivan's Daughter, Ivan's Mother”. He was a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR, a laureate of the highest state awards, active public figure. He inspired directors to create brilliant films, and his readers to live with honor and conscience. We previously published, this is an option more complete biography.
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Village childhood and first creative steps
Valentin Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda (now the Irkutsk Region). His parents were simple peasants, and he is the most ordinary peasant child, with early childhood who knew and saw labor, not accustomed to surpluses, perfectly feeling people's soul and Russian nature. IN elementary school he went to his native village, but there was no middle school there, so little Valentine had to move 50 km to attend an educational institution. If you read his “French Lessons”, then you will immediately draw parallels. Almost all of Rasputin's stories are not fictional, they are lived by him or someone from his entourage.
Receive higher education future writer went to Irkutsk, where he entered the city university at the Faculty of History and Philology. Already in his student years, he began to show interest in writing and journalism. The local youth newspaper became a platform for pen trials. His essay “I forgot to ask Leshka” attracted the attention of the editor-in-chief. They paid attention to the young Rasputin, and he himself understood that he would write, he does it well.
After graduating from the university, the young man continues to work in the newspapers of Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk and writes his first stories, but has not yet been published. In 1965, at a meeting of young writers in Chita, a well-known Soviet writer Vladimir Alekseevich Chivilikhin. He really liked the works of the novice writer and he decided to patronize them, becoming the “godfather” of Rasputin the writer.
The rise of Valentin Grigorievich happened rapidly - two years after the meeting with Chivilikhin, he became a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR, which was the official recognition of a writer at the state level.
Key works of the author
Rasputin's debut book was published in 1966 under the title The Edge Near the Sky. The following year, the story “Money for Mary” was published, which brought popularity to the new star of Soviet prose. In his work, the author tells the story of Maria and Kuzma, who live in a remote Siberian village. The couple has four children and a debt of seven hundred rubles, which they took on the collective farm to build a house. To improve financial situation family, Maria gets a job in the store. In front of her, several sellers have already been planted for embezzlement, so the woman is very worried. Later long time in the store they conduct an audit and discover a shortage of 1,000 rubles! Maria needs to collect this money within a week, otherwise she will be sent to prison. The amount is unbearable, but Kuzma and Maria decide to fight to the end, they begin to borrow money from their fellow villagers ... and here many with whom they lived shoulder to shoulder appear with new side.
Reference. Valentin Rasputin is called one of the significant representatives of “ village prose". This direction in Russian literature was formed by the mid-60s and united works depicting modern village life and traditional folk values. The flagships of rural prose are Alexander Solzhenitsyn (“ Matrenin yard”), Vasily Shukshin (“Lubavins”), Viktor Astafiev (“Tsar-Fish”), Valentin Rasputin (“Farewell to Mother”, “Money for Mary”) and others.
The golden era of Rasputin's work was the 70s. In this decade, his most recognizable works were written - the story “French Lessons”, the novels “Live and Remember”, “Farewell to Matera”. In each work, the central characters were ordinary people and their difficult fates.
So, in "French Lessons" the main character is 11-year-old Leshka, a smart guy from the village. Not in his homeland high school, so my mother collects money to send her son to study in the district center. It is not easy for a boy in the city - if there were hungry days in the village, then they are almost always here, because food in the city is much more difficult to get, everything has to be bought. Because of the milk flow, the boy needs to buy milk every day for a ruble, often it becomes his only “food” for the whole day. The older boys showed Leshka how to make quick money by playing chika. Every time he won his coveted ruble and left, but one day the excitement prevailed over the principle ...
In the story “Live and Remember”, the problem of desertion is sharply raised. The Soviet reader is accustomed to seeing the deserter exclusively in dark color- this is a person without moral principles, vicious, cowardly, capable of betraying and hiding behind the backs of others. But what if such a black and white division is unfair? The protagonist of Rasputin, Andrei, once in 1944 did not return to the army, he just wanted to look home for a day, to his beloved wife Nastya, and then there was no return and the baking brand “deserter” gaped on him.
The story “Farewell to Matera” shows the life of an entire Siberian village of Matera. Locals are forced to leave their homes because hydroelectric power stations will be built in their place. The settlement will soon be flooded, and the inhabitants will be sent to the cities. Everyone takes this news differently. Young people mostly rejoice, for them the city is an incredible adventure and new opportunities. Adults are skeptical, gritting their hearts, parting with an established life and realizing that no one is waiting for them in the city. The hardest thing is for the elderly, for whom Matera is their whole life and they cannot imagine another. Exactly older generation become the central character of the story, its spirit, pain and soul.
In the 80s and 90s, Rasputin continued to work hard, from his pen came the story “”, the stories “Natasha”, “What to tell the crow?”, “Live for a century - love a century” and much more. Rasputin took the perestroika and the forced oblivion of “village prose” and village life painfully. But he did not stop writing. The work “Ivan's Daughter, Ivan's Mother”, published in 2003, had a great resonance. It reflected the decadent mood of the writer associated with the collapse big country, morality, values. The main character of the story, a young teenage girl, is raped by a company of scumbags. For several days they do not let her out of the men's hostel, and then they throw her all beaten, intimidated, morally broken into the street. She and her mother go to the investigator, but justice is in no hurry to punish the rapists. Having lost hope, the mother decides to lynch. She makes a cut and waits for the offenders in the entrance.
The last book Rasputin was created in tandem with the publicist Viktor Kozhemyako and represents a kind of autobiography in conversations and memoirs. The work was published in 2013 under the title “These Twenty Killing Years”.
Ideology and socio-political activity
It is unfair to talk about the life of Valentin Rasputin without mentioning his active social and political activities. He did this not for profit, but only because he was not a silent man and could not observe the life of his beloved country and people from the outside.
The news of "perestroika" upset Valentin Grigorievich very much. With the support of like-minded people, Rasputin wrote collective anti-perestroika letters, hoping to preserve “ great country". In the future, he became less critical, but finally new system and could not accept the new government. And he never bowed to the authorities, despite the generous gifts from her.
“Always seemed to be taken for granted, laid at the foundation human life that the world is balanced... Now this saving shore has disappeared somewhere, floated away like a mirage, receded into endless distances. And people now live not in the expectation of salvation, but in the expectation of a catastrophe”
Rasputin paid much attention to environmental issues. The writer saw the saving of the people not only in providing them with work and a living wage, but also in preserving their moral and spiritual character, the heart of which is mother nature. He was especially worried about the issue of Baikal, on this occasion Rasputin even met with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Death and memory
Valentin Rasputin passed away on March 14, 2015, the day before his 78th birthday. At this point, he had already buried his wife and daughter, the latter was a successful organist and died in a plane crash. The day after the death of the great writer, mourning was declared throughout the Irkutsk region.
Biography of Valentin Rasputin: milestones in life, key works and public position
4.7 (93.33%) 3 votesSubject: V. G. Rasputin. Life and art.
Target: acquaintance with the life and work of V. G. Rasputin
Educational: To acquaint students with some of the personality traits of the writer, with the main themes of his work. Introduce students to the history of the story.
Developing: develop skills artistic perception, episode interpretations literary work, its artistic details; skills public speaking and analytical listening educational material; culture of speech, memory, thinking, creativity; skills of artistic perception, artistic interpretation of episodes of a literary work, its artistic details; promote the development of communication and cognitive abilities students, skills of working with textual material; to form independence and creativity of thinking in conditions of individual and pair work.
Educational: Reveal spiritual values moral laws, on which the heroes of V. Rasputin live. To instill in children such feelings as kindness, mercy, careful attitude to those around you.
Lesson type:learning new material.
1. Methodology for organizing and conducting a lesson in studying new material in the technology of RKCHP (development of critical thinking through reading and writing).
Methods and techniques: visual, verbal, working with text, with a book, creating problem situation, teacher's word, research, partial search, analytical reading, heuristic.
Technological methods:brainstorming (brainstorming), "INSERT" method, cluster, "ZHU" table, "Reading with stops", syncwine.
Work form:individual, group, collective.
Interdisciplinary connections:history, Russian language
Visual aids and technical means:educational board, didactic material, presentation.
Equipment:text of the story “French Lessons”, sheets of paper, felt-tip pens (two multi-colored per group), sheets of paper for clusters.
Lesson plan:
I. Organizational moment
II. Learning new material
1) Stage - Challenge.
2) Stage of Comprehension
a) Literary and critical activity of students
b) Analysis of the meaning of the title of the story "French Lessons" Work with the cluster.
c) Working with text. Stop reading.
III. Stage- Reflections Compilation of syncwine.
IV. Homework
V. Summing up the lesson
During the classes:
To conduct the lesson, it is necessary to form working groups. No more than five working groups of four or five people are desirable.
I organizational moment
Psychological mood.
Making a lesson plan.
II. Learning new material
To record the topic of a new lesson, a place must be left, because. students will learn the topic of the new lesson a little later.
1) Stage Challenge
in front of you portrait of a man. Based on the key words, give suggestions about the life of this person.
War
Siberia
Childhood
Irkutsk State University
Good
Moral
Exercise: write down your assumptions in a notebook, voice the result of your work and attach it to the board. The time to complete this task is 3-5 minutes. Performance time - 2-3 minutes.
In some ways you were right, in some ways not quite. We return to the assumptions and analyze them.
introduction teachers.
Today we have an unusual lesson. We will talk not only and not so much about literature, but we will turn to moral problems that have been relevant at all times and will remain so as long as the human race exists. As the epigraph of the lesson, I propose to take the words of L.N. Tolstoy:
“The smarter and kinder a person is, the more he notices goodness in people.”
Creativity V. G. Rasputin. (slides)
2) Phase of Comprehension. INSERT method.
a) Working with information.
Childhood. VG Rasputin was born in 1937 in Siberia. The childhood years of the future writer fell on the difficult war and post-war years. Childhood in the remote Siberian village of Ust-Uda was bleak. The children were deprived of all the little joys and pleasures available to modern children. The food was especially bad. There was no money. They ate what they managed to stock up in the summer: potatoes, mushrooms, bread. Often these stocks were not enough until spring. Then they began to eat whatever they had: the eyes of sprouted potatoes, the sprouts of young grass, some edible roots. The mother's clothes were altered from tattered clothes of adults, shoes were also worn by someone else, and in the summer they could do without it. There were no textbooks, notebooks, pens, but there was an avid desire to learn, a desire to comprehend this huge world in all its manifestations. Learn, no matter what.
Creation. He graduated from school, then Irkutsk State University, worked as a journalist, already in the first collections of novels and short stories he tried to create a generalized image of a young man of the 60s, a participant in the great Siberian construction projects. Fame comes to the writer with the publication of the story "Money for Mary". The appearance of each of the subsequent stories: "Deadline", "Live and Remember", "Farewell to Matyora" - becomes an event in literary life countries. For the story "Live and Remember" the writer was awarded the State Prize. V. Rasputin lives in Irkutsk and continues to write.
2. Working with text
Exercise: write out from the text phrases that characterize the features of the writer's work
Students work individually, write out phrases:
A) Teacher's word.
Siberia is the birthplace of the writer. Deaf village of Ust-Uda in the Irkutsk region. There are no gardens, as the trees freeze from the cold. In the story, we will come across the fact that the hero has never seen apples. In 1973, one of the the best stories Rasputin - “French Lessons”, dedicated to Anastasia Prokopievna Kopylova, mother of the playwright Alexander Vampilov, who worked for many years at school.
Prototype - initial specimen, man from real life from which it was created literary image.
To whom does Rasputin dedicate his story? Who is the prototype of the French teacher?
So, the story “French Lessons” is an autobiographical work, dedicated to Anastasia Prokopievna Kopylova, the mother of a friend of A. Vampilov, but the real teacher Lidia Mikhailovna Molokova became the prototype of the French teacher.
. The writer himself singles out this story among his works. Indeed, the story "French Lessons" is largely autobiographical.
Let's remember what works are called autobiographical? (Autobiographical works are those works in which the author used events from his personal life as material).
Autobiography - a consistent presentation by the speaker or writer himself of the main stages of his life.
Without knowing how the writer's childhood passed, what it was filled with, it is impossible to read his works deeply, with full understanding.
And taking advantage of the position of the writer, Rasputin tried to tell us about what he experienced in those years.
Teacher's story about time and place of action
Now imagine the difficult postwar period. Everywhere devastation, hunger, disorder. Children had to grow up early, take on adult responsibilities. 1948 Siberia. The little hero of the story “French Lessons” is an 11-year-old boy who is faced with a severe need, experiencing painful pangs of hunger. Being on the verge of despair, he alone fights for his existence, not accepting alms and help from others. Only a young teacher managed to deceive his vigilance, losing him a little money in gambling and games forbidden in the post-war school. The teacher for this act was expelled from school in disgrace, reminding the boy of the last lesson of kindness with a parcel with apples, which he had never seen.
War! This is scary. And how the child's heart was shrinking from loss, pain, suffering, fear! And how important it was after these terrible years feel warmth, cordiality, kindness.
At all times, these concepts remain unchanged. They have become so firmly established in our lives that they are reflected in folk wisdom.
Kindness. Exactly this human quality is the main character of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin. So today we will try to understand how kindness enters our lives.
2. Working with the cluster
What made V. Rasputin write the story "French Lessons"?
Why is the article called "Lessons of kindness"?
What associations do you have when you hear the word "kindness"?
Kindness Generosity Unselfishness Responsiveness Disposition to people.
Based on the notes you made, tell us how you understand the meaning of the word “kindness”?
Conclusion: kindness is a quality of a person's character, manifested in the desire to do good, responsiveness, disposition towards people. Real kindness is selfless
Acquaintance with summary text
c) Working with text. Stop reading(question - stop - discussion - question).
▪ What did you feel after reading this part, what feelings did you have?
What was unexpected?
▪ How do you think the story will end?
How would you finish it?
▪ What will happen to the hero after the events of the story
"Images that have symbolic meaning in the story."
Reflection.
Go back to what you knew before reading the text
What knowledge has been confirmed?
Which ones are not confirmed?
cinquain
The first line - the theme of syncwine, contains one word (usually a noun or pronoun), which denotes the object or subject that will be discussed.
The second line is two words (most often adjectives or participles), they describe the features and properties of the object or object selected in the syncwine.
The third line is formed by three verbs or gerunds describing the characteristic actions of the object.
The fourth line is a four-word phrase expressing the personal attitude of the author of the syncwine to the described object or object.
The fifth line is one summary word characterizing the essence of the subject or object.
Strict observance of the rules for writing syncwine is not necessary.
Homework: Write an essay on the topic: "Kindness"
