In this article we will describe the work of A.S. A chapter-by-chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is brought to your attention.
1. Sergeant of the Guard
The first chapter begins with the biography of Petr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father wrote it down even before birth, in Pyotr Andreevich, until the age of majority, he was on vacation. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's tutor. He supervises the development of Russian literacy Petrusha.
After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German French and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. Peter in the 17th year is sent to the service, but not in the place where he hoped to get. He goes to Orenburg instead of Petersburg. This decision determined the further fate of Peter, the hero of the work " Captain's daughter".
Chapter 1 describes the parting words of the father to the son. He tells him that it is necessary to preserve honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets in a tavern with Zurin, a captain who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. Grinev seemed to break free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin in the morning demands the required winnings. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who is protesting this, to give money. After that, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. So ends in the work "The Captain's Daughter" 1 chapter. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.
2. Leader
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about future fate this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "The Leader". In it, we first meet Pugachev.
On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly, a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant go astray. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cabin, sees a dream.
Grinev's dream - important episode"The Captain's Daughter" Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. Swinging an ax, a black-bearded man jumps up, dead bodies fill the whole room. At the same time, the person smiles at Pyotr Andreevich, and also offers him a blessing.
Grinev, already on the spot, examines his guide and notices that he is the same person from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair is already noticeable in his black beard. The man's eyes are alive, they feel the sharpness and subtlety of the mind. Enough nice expression has the face of a leader. It is picaresque. His hair is cut in a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old coat.
The counselor talks with the owner in "allegorical language". Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, pours a glass of wine.
An old comrade of Grinev's father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, located 40 miles from the city. It is here that the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. Chapter by chapter retelling of further events occurring in it, the following.
3. Fortress
This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Egorovna, sensible and kind woman, wife of the commandant. Grinev the next morning meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is not tall, remarkably ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter. Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears before the reader.
Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant's family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. Detailed description you will find this conversation in the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees how the "exercises" are taking place: Mironov Ivan Kuzmich is in charge of the platoon of disabled people. He is wearing a "Chinese robe" and a cap.
4. Duel
Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It tells the following.
Grinev likes the commandant's family very much. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Alexei Ivanovich's caustic remarks about Masha especially do not please Grinev. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexei Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Palashka, a yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich becomes aware that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He now understands why Alexei Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.
5. Love
Masha and Savelich are taking care of the wounded. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev's father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that had taken place, and it was not Savelyich who told him about it at all. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did it. The captain's daughter does not want to marry without the consent of her parents. Chapter 5 tells of this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs, loses heart.
6. Pugachevshchina
A notice that a gang of robbers led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the vicinity comes to the commandant. attacks the forts. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send his daughter out of the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.
7. Seizure
The attack of the fortress continues the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang is attacking him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The one who captured the fortress arranges the so-called court. Executions on the gallows betray the commandant as well as his comrades. When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelyich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, offering him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. The inhabitants of the city and the soldiers give Emelyan an oath. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, taking her undressed, as well as her husband, out onto the porch. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.
8. Uninvited guest
Grinev is very worried about how the captain's daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.
The chapter-by-chapter content of the further events of the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on the side of Pugachev. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is their escort on the road to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in the camp of Pugachev, while not giving preference to the leader.
Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, disputes Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests disperse. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that luck will be daring, because once upon a time Grishka Otrepyev also ruled. Emelyan lets Pyotr Andreevich go to Orenburg despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.
9. Separation
Emelyan instructs Peter to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich's plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he does not punish him in a "fit of generosity" and impudent Savelich. He even favors Grinev with a fur coat from his shoulder, gives him a horse. Masha, meanwhile, is sick in the fortress.
10. The siege of the city
Peter goes to Orenburg, to Andrey Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try your luck in an open field. For Pugachev's head, officials propose to set a high price and bribe Yemelyan's people. A constable from the fortress brings Pyotr Andreevich a letter from Masha. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.
11. Rebellious settlement
Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and take them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray coat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he has come to save an orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The Pugachevites offer both Grinev and Shvabrin to simply solve the problem - to hang them both. However, Pyotr Pugachev is clearly attractive, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev's wagon. He tells him in a confidential conversation that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will surrender the leader at the first failure, saving their own neck. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but pecked at the same time carrion. And the eagle preferred to starve, but did not eat the carrion. It’s better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.
12. Orphan
Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her immediately with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov's daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.
13. Arrest
Soldiers on the way out of the fortress take Grinev under arrest. They take Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevite and take him to the chief. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev's army was defeated, but he himself was not caught, he managed to gather new detachments in Siberia. Yemelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan, betraying him to the investigation in the Pugachev case.
14. Judgment
Petr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. This is not last role played by Shvabrin. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoye Selo. Here she meets the Empress in the garden and asks to pardon Peter. Tells about how he got to Pugachev because of her, the captain's daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel described by us ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at Yemelyan's execution, who nods his head, recognizing him.
By genre historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the chapters does not describe all the events, we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, and also learn some of the details that we have omitted.
Pushkin A.S. the story "The Captain's Daughter": Summary.
The narration is conducted from the first person of the protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, in the form of family notes.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard.
In this chapter, Pushkin introduces the reader to Pyotr Grinev. There were 9 children in his family. However, they all died as babies, and only Peter survived. Peter's father once served, but has now retired. Peter was recorded before his birth in the Semenovsky regiment. While the boy was growing up, he was listed in his regiment as being on leave. The boy had an uncle Savelich, who was engaged in his upbringing. He taught the boy Russian literacy and writing, gave knowledge about greyhounds. Through certain time Peter is sent a Frenchman as a teacher. The Frenchman's name was Beaupré. It was his duty to teach the boy French and German languages, as well as to give education in the field of other sciences. However, the Frenchman was more concerned with booze and girls. When Peter's father noticed the Frenchman's negligence, he kicked him out. At the age of 17, his father sent Peter to serve in Orenburg, although the young man hoped to serve in St. Petersburg. At the moment of instructions before leaving, the father told his son that you need to take care of " dress again, and honor from a young age"(Author's note: Subsequently, these words from the work Pushkin « Captain's daughter" become catchphrase). Peter left his native place. In Simbirsk, the young man visited a tavern and met Captain Zurin there. Zurin taught Peter to play billiards, and then got him drunk and won 100 rubles from Peter. Pushkin wrote that Peter behaved like a boy who broke free". In the morning, despite Savelich's active resistance, Grinev pays back the lost money and leaves Simbirsk.
Chapter 2
Grinev understood that he had done wrong when he arrived in Simbirsk. Therefore, he asked for forgiveness from Savelich. During a storm the travelers lost their way. But then they noticed a man, " sharpness and subtlety of flair” were noticed by Peter and delighted. Grinev asked this man to accompany them to the nearest house ready to receive them. On the way, Grinev had a strange dream in which he returned to his estate and found his father dying. Peter asked his father for a blessing, but suddenly instead of him he saw a man with a black beard. Petya's mother tried to explain who this person was. According to her, it was allegedly his imprisoned father. Here the peasant suddenly jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax and began to swing it. The room filled with the dead. The man smiled at the young man and called for his blessing. Here the dream ended. Arriving at the place, Grinev took a closer look at the man who agreed to see them off. This is how Pushkin described the counselor: He was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair appeared in his black beard, living big eyes so they ran. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. His hair was cut in a circle, he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar sharavars.". A man with a black beard, i.e. the counselor, spoke with the owner of the inn in an incomprehensible, allegorical language for Peter: “ He flew into the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a stone, but by". Grinev decided to treat the counselor with wine and presented him with a hare coat before parting, which again aroused Savelich's indignation. In Orenburg, a friend of his father, Andrei Karlovich R. sent Peter to serve in the Belgorsk fortress, which was located 40 miles from Orenburg.
Chapter 3. Fortress.
Grinev arrived at the fortress and found it looking like a small village. Vasilisa Egorovna, the wife of the commandant of the fortress, ran everything in it. Peter met a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Shvabrin told Grinev about the inhabitants of the fortress, about the routine in it, and in general about life in these places. He also expressed his opinion about the family of the commandant of the fortress and extremely unflattering about his daughter Mironova Masha. Grinev found Shvabrin not a very attractive young man. He was " short, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively". Grinev learned that Shvabrin ended up in the fortress because of a duel. Shvabrin and Grinev were invited to dinner at the house of commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. The young people accepted the invitation. On the street, Grinev saw how military exercises were taking place. The commandant himself commanded a platoon of disabled people. He was " in a cap and Chinese robe«.
Chapter 4
Grinev increasingly began to visit the commandant's family. He liked this family. And I liked Masha. He dedicated love poems to her. Peter became an officer. At the beginning, he was happy to communicate with Shvabrin. But his caustic remarks about his girlfriend began to annoy Grinev. When Peter showed his poems to Alexei and Shvabrin sharply criticized them, and then also allowed himself to offend Masha, Grinev called Shvabrin a liar and received a duel challenge from Shvabrin. Having learned about the duel, Vasilisa Egorovna ordered the arrest of young officers. The girl Palashka took their swords from them. And later, Masha told Peter that Shvvabrin once wooed her, but she refused him. That is why Shvabrin hated the girl and threw endless barbs at her. Some time later, the duel resumed. Grinev was wounded in it.
Chapter 5
Savelich and Masha began to look after the wounded. At that moment, Grinev decided to confess his feelings to Mashenka and propose to her. Masha agreed. Then Grinev sent a letter to his father asking him to bless him for marriage with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The answer came. And from it it turned out that the father refuses his son. Moreover, he somehow learned about the duel. Savelich did not report the duel to Grinev Sr. Therefore, Peter decided that this was the work of Shvabrin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin came to visit Peter and asked his forgiveness. He said that he was to blame before Peter for everything that had happened. However, Masha does not want to get married without the blessing of her father, and therefore she began to avoid Grinev. Grinev also stopped visiting the commandant's house. He lost heart.
Chapter 6
The commandant received a letter from the general informing him that the escaped Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev gathers a villainous gang and therefore it is necessary to strengthen the fortress. It was immediately reported that Pugachev had already managed to plunder several fortresses and hang the officers. Ivan Kuzmich gathered a military council and asked everyone to keep this news secret. But Ivan Ignatievich accidentally spilled the beans to Vasilisa Egorovna, and as a result, rumors about Pugachev spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev sent spies into the villages of the Cossacks with leaflets in which he threatened to eat those who did not recognize him as sovereign and would not join his gang. And from the officers he demanded the surrender of the fortress without a fight. I managed to catch one of these scouts, a mutilated Bashkir. The poor prisoner had no nose, tongue and ears. It was clear from everything that it was not the first time he had rebelled and that he was familiar with torture. Ivan Kuzmich, at the suggestion of Grinev, decided in the morning to send Masha from the fortress to Orenburg. Grinev and Masha said goodbye. Mironov wanted his wife to leave the fortress, but Vasilisa Yegorovna firmly decided to stay with her husband.
Chapter 7
Masha did not have time to leave the fortress. Under cover of night, the Cossacks left the Belogorsk fortress to go over to the side of Pugachev. A few soldiers remained in the fortress, who were unable to resist the robbers. They defended themselves as best they could, but in vain. Pugachev captured the fortress. Many immediately swore allegiance to the robber, who proclaimed himself king. He executed commandant Mironov Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ignatievich. The next to be executed was Grinev, but Savelich threw himself at Pugachev's feet and begged to be left alive. Savelich even promised a ransom for the young master's life. Pugachev agreed to such conditions and demanded that Grinev kiss his hand. Grinev refused. But Pugachev still pardoned Peter. The surviving soldiers and residents of the fortress went over to the side of the robbers and for 3 hours kissed the hand of the newly-made sovereign Pugachev, who was sitting in an armchair on the porch of the commandant's house. Robbers robbed everywhere, pulling out various goods from chests and cabinets: fabrics, dishes, fluff, etc. Vasilisa Egorovna was stripped naked and taken to the public in this form, after which they were killed. Pugachev let down white horse and he left.
Chapter 8
Grinev was very worried about Masha. Did she manage to hide and what happened to her? He entered the commandant's house. Everything there was destroyed, plundered and broken. He went into Marya Ivanovna's room, where he met Broadsha who was hiding. From Broadsha he learned that Masha was in the priest's house. Then Grinev went to the priest's house. There was a drinking bout of robbers. Peter summoned a hit. Grinev learned from her that Shvabrin had sworn allegiance to Pugachev and was now resting at the same table with the robbers. Masha lies on her bed, half delirious. Popadya told Pugachev that the girl was her niece. Fortunately, Shvabrin did not betray the truth to Pugachev. Grinev returned to his apartment. There, Savelich told Peter that Pugachev was their former counselor. They came for Grinev, saying that Pugachev was demanding him. Grinev obeyed. Entering the room, Peter was struck by the fact that “ Everyone treated each other like comrades and did not show any particular preference for their leader ... Everyone boasted, offered his opinions and freely challenged Pugachev". Pugachev offered to sing a song about the gallows, and the bandits sang: “ Don't make noise, mother green oak tree...» When the guests finally dispersed, Pugachev asked Grinev to stay. A conversation arose between them, in which Pugachev invited Grinev to stay with him and serve him. Peter honestly told Pugachev that he did not consider him a sovereign and could not serve him, because. once swore allegiance to the empress. He also will not be able to fulfill the promise not to fight against Pugachev, because. it is his official duty. Pugachev was struck by Grinev's frankness and honesty. He promised to let Grinev go to Orenburg, but asked to come in the morning to say goodbye to him.
Chapter 9
Pugachev asks Grinev to visit the governor in Orenburg and tell him that in a week sovereign Pugachev will be in the city. He appointed Shvabrin as the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, since he himself had to leave. Savelich, meanwhile, compiled a list of the plundered lordly goods and submitted it to Pugachev. Pugachev, being in a generous state of mind, instead of punishment, decided to give Grinev a horse and his own fur coat. In the same chapter, Pushkin writes that Masha fell seriously ill.
Chapter 10
Grinev, having arrived in Orenburg, was sent to General Andrei Karlovich. Grinev asked to give him soldiers and allow him to attack Belgorod fortress. The general, having learned about the fate of the Mironov family and that Captain's daughter remained in the hands of the robbers, expressed sympathy, but the soldier refused to give, referring to the upcoming military council. military council, which there was not a single military man“, took place on the same evening. " All the officials talked about the unreliability of the troops, about the unfaithfulness of luck, about caution and the like. Everyone believed that it was more prudent to remain under the shelter of cannons behind a strong stone wall than to experience the happiness of weapons in an open field.". Officials saw one of the ways out in the appointment great price for Pugachev's head. They believed that the robbers themselves would betray their leader, tempted by high price. Meanwhile, Pugachev kept his word and appeared at the walls of Orenburg exactly a week later. The siege of the city began. The inhabitants suffered severely because of hunger and because of the high cost. The raids of the robbers were periodic. Grinev was bored and often rode the horse Pugachev had given him. Once he ran into a Cossack, who turned out to be a constable of the Belogorsk fortress Maksimych. He gave a letter to Grinev from Masha, in which it was reported that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him.
Chapter 11
To save Masha, Grinev and Savelich went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, they fell into the hands of robbers. They were taken to Pugachev. Pugachev asked where Grinev was going and for what purpose. Grinev honestly told Pugachev about his intentions. They say he would like to protect the orphaned girl from the claims of Shvabrin. The robbers offered to cut off the head of both Grinev and Shvabrin. But Pugachev decided everything in his own way. He promised Grinev to arrange his fate with Masha. In the morning Pugachev and Grinev rode in the same wagon to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev shared with Grinev his desire to go to Moscow: “ ... my street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart. They are thieves. I must keep my ears open; at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head". Even on the way, Pugachev managed to tell a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven that lived for 300 years, but ate carrion and about an eagle that prefers hunger to carrion: “ better time drink living blood«.
Chapter 12
Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev learned that Shvabrin mocked Masha and starved her. Then Puchev wished on behalf of the sovereign to marry Grinev and Masha immediately. Then Shvabrin told Pugachev that Masha was not the niece of the priest, but the daughter of Captain Mironov. But Pugachev turned out to be a generous person: “ to execute, so to execute, to favor, so to favor and released Masha and Grinev.
Chapter 13
Pugachev handed Peter a pass. Therefore, lovers could freely pass all the outposts. But once the outpost of the imperial soldiers was mistaken for Pugachev's and this was the reason for the arrest of Grinev. The soldiers took Peter to their chief, whom Grinev recognized as Zurin. Peter told his story to an old friend and he believed Grinev. Zurin offered to postpone the wedding and send Masha, accompanied by Savelich, to her parents, and Grinev himself to remain in the service, as required by the officer's duty. Grinev heeded Zurin's proposal. Pugachev was eventually defeated, but not caught. The leader managed to escape to Siberia and collect a new gang. Pugachev was searched everywhere. In the end, he was still caught. But then Zurin received an order to arrest Grinev and send him to the Investigative Commission on the Pugachev case.
Chapter 14
Grinev was arrested because of Shvabrin's denunciation. Shvabrin claimed that Pyotr Grinev served Pugachev. Grinev was afraid to involve Masha in this story. He did not want her to be tortured by interrogations. Therefore, Grinev could not justify himself. The empress replaced death penalty exile to Siberia only thanks to the merits of Father Peter. The father was devastated by what had happened. It was a shame for the Grinev family. Masha went to Petersburg in order to talk with the Empress. It so happened that once Masha was walking early in the morning in the garden. While walking she met unknown woman. They started talking. The woman asked Masha to introduce herself, and she replied that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov. The woman immediately became very interested in Masha and asked Masha to tell for what purpose she arrived in St. Petersburg. Masha said that she had come to the empress to ask for mercy for Grinev, because he could not justify himself at the trial because of her. The woman said that she visits the court and promises to help Masha. She received Masha's letter addressed to the Empress and asked where Masha was staying. Masha answered. On this they parted. Before Masha had time to drink tea after a walk, a palace carriage drove into the courtyard. The messenger asked Masha to immediately go to the palace, because. the empress demands it. In the palace, Masha recognized her morning companion in the Empress. Grinev was pardoned, Masha was given a fortune. Masha and Peter Grinev got married. Grinev was present during the execution of Yemelyan Pugachev. " He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people«
Takovo summary chapter by chapter Pushkin's stories Captain's daughter«
Good luck on the exams and fives for essays!
- If he were a guard, he would be captain tomorrow.
- That is not necessary; let him serve in the army.
- Pretty well said! let him push it...
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Who is his father?
My father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich in his youth and retired as prime minister in 17…. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.
My mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B., our close relative. If, more than any hope, mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the non-appearing sergeant, and that would have been the end of the matter. I was considered on vacation until graduation. At that time, we were brought up not in the modern way. From the age of five, I was given into the hands of the aspirant Savelich, who was granted me uncles for sober behavior. Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil. Savelitch did not like his arrival much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems that the child is washed, combed, fed. Where should one spend extra money and hire Monsieur, as if his own people were gone!”
Beaupré was a hairdresser in his own country, then a soldier in Prussia, then came to Russia pour être outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was a passion for the fair sex; often for his tenderness he received shocks, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) and bottle enemy, that is (speaking in Russian) he liked to sip too much. But as wine was served with us only at dinner, and then by a glass, and the teachers usually carried it around, then my Beaupré very soon got used to the Russian tincture and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as unlike more useful for the stomach. We got along right away, and although he was contractually obligated to teach me in French, German and all sciences, but he preferred to hastily learn from me how to chat in Russian, and then each of us went about his own business. We lived soul to soul. I didn't want another mentor. But soon fate separated us, and here's the occasion.
The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowherd Akulka somehow agreed at one time to throw themselves at mother's feet, confessing their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother did not like to joke about this and complained to the father. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded a French canal. It was reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupré slept on the bed with the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that it was discharged for me from Moscow geographic map. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the breadth and goodness of the paper. I made up my mind to make a snake out of her, and taking advantage of Beaupré's sleep, I set to work. Batiushka came in at the same time as I was fitting the wash tail to the Cape. Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled my ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him very carelessly and began to shower reproaches. Beaupré, in dismay, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Batiushka lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich's indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.
I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Here my fate changed.
Once in autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the effervescent foam. Father at the window read the Court Calendar, which he receives every year. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never reread it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and in this way the Court Calendar did not catch his eye, sometimes for whole months. On the other hand, when he accidentally found him, he would not let go of his hands for whole hours. So, the priest read the Court calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in an undertone: “Lieutenant General! .. He was a sergeant in my company! .. Both Russian orders cavalier!.. How long ago did we…” Finally, the priest threw the calendar on the sofa and plunged into thoughtfulness, which did not bode well.
Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?”
“Yes, the seventeenth year has gone,” answered mother. “Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Gerasimovna became crooked, and when else ...”
“Good,” the priest interrupted, “it’s time for him to serve. It’s enough for him to run around girls’ rooms and climb dovecotes.”
The thought of an imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan and tears flowed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of Petersburg life. I imagined myself as an officer of the guard, which, in my opinion, was the height of human well-being.
Batiushka did not like to change his intentions, nor to postpone their fulfillment. The day of my departure was fixed. The day before, the priest announced that he intended to write with me to my future boss, and demanded a pen and paper.
“Do not forget, Andrey Petrovich,” said mother, “to bow from me to Prince B.; I, they say, hope that he will not leave Petrusha with his favors.
- What nonsense! - Father answered with a frown. - Why should I write to Prince B.?
“Why, you said that you would deign to write to Petrusha’s chief.
- Well, what is there?
- Why, the chief Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment.
- Recorded by! What do I care if it's recorded? Petrusha will not go to Petersburg. What will he learn by serving in St. Petersburg? wind and hang? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a shamaton. Registered in the guard! Where is his passport? bring it here.
Mother found my passport, which was kept in her casket along with the shirt in which I was baptized, and handed it to the priest with a trembling hand. Batiushka read it with attention, put it on the table in front of him, and began his letter.
Curiosity tormented me: where are they sending me, if not to Petersburg? I did not take my eyes off Batiushkin's pen, which moved rather slowly. Finally, he finished, sealed the letter in the same package with his passport, took off his glasses and, calling me, said: “Here is a letter for you to Andrey Karlovich R., my old comrade and friend. You are going to Orenburg to serve under his command.”
So, all my brilliant hopes collapsed! Instead of a cheerful Petersburg life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side. The service, which for a minute I thought with such enthusiasm, seemed to me a grave misfortune. But there was nothing to argue! The next day, in the morning, a traveling wagon was brought up to the porch; they put a suitcase in it, a cellar with a tea set, and bundles of rolls and pies, the last signs of home pampering. My parents blessed me. The father said to me: “Goodbye, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you swear; obey the bosses; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from youth. Mother, in tears, ordered me to take care of my health, and Savelich to look after the child. They put a hare coat on me, and a fox coat on top. I got into the wagon with Savelich and set off on the road, shedding tears.
| Captain's daughter |
|---|
| Chapter I Sergeant of the Guard |
| Chapter II Leader |
| Chapter III Fortress |
| Chapter IV Duel |
| Chapter V Love |
| Chapter VI Pugachevshchina |
| Chapter VII Attack |
| Chapter VIII The Uninvited Guest |
| Chapter IX Separation |
| Chapter X The Siege of the City |
| Chapter XI The Rebellious Settlement |
| Chapter XII The Orphan |
| Chapter XIII Arrest |
| Chapter XIV Court |
| Application. skipped chapter |
Chapter I
Sergeant of the Guard
If he were a guard, he would be a captain tomorrow.
- That is not necessary; let him serve in the army.
- Pretty well said! let him push it...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Who is his father?
My father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich in his youth and retired as prime minister in 1717. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.
My mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince V., our close relative. If, more than any hope, mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the non-appearing sergeant, and the matter would have ended. I was considered on vacation until graduation. At that time, we were brought up not in the modern way. From the age of five, I was given into the hands of the aspirant Savelich, who was granted me uncles for sober behavior. Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil. Savelitch did not like his arrival much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems that the child is washed, combed, fed. Where should one spend extra money and hire Monsieur, as if his own people were gone!”
Beaupré was a hairdresser in his own country, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia pour être outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was a passion for the fair sex; often for his tenderness he received shocks, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) and bottle enemy, i.e. (speaking in Russian) liked to sip too much. But as wine was served with us only at dinner, and then by a glass, and the teachers usually carried it around, then my Beaupré very soon got used to the Russian tincture and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as unlike more useful for the stomach. We got along right away, and although he was contractually obligated to teach me in French, German and all sciences, but he preferred to hastily learn from me how to chat in Russian, - and then each of us went about his own business. We lived soul to soul. I didn't want another mentor. But soon fate separated us, and here's the occasion:
The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowherd Akulka somehow agreed at one time to throw themselves at mother's feet, confessing their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother did not like to joke about this and complained to the father. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded a French canal. It was reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupré slept on the bed with the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that a geographical map was issued for me from Moscow. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the breadth and goodness of the paper. I made up my mind to make a snake out of her, and taking advantage of Beaupré's sleep, I set to work. Batiushka came in at the same time as I was fitting a wash tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled my ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him very carelessly and began to shower reproaches. Beaupré, in dismay, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Batiushka lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich's indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.
I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Here my fate changed.
Once in autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the effervescent foam. Father at the window read the Court Calendar, which he receives every year. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never reread it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and in this way the Court Calendar did not catch his eye, sometimes for whole months. On the other hand, when he accidentally found him, he would not let go of his hands for whole hours. So, the father read the Court calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in an undertone: “Lieutenant General! .. He was a sergeant in my company! .. Cavalier of both Russian orders! on the sofa and plunged into thoughtfulness, which did not bode well.
Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?”
Yes, the seventeenth year has gone, - answered mother. - Petrusha was born in the very year that Aunt Nastasya Garasimovna became crooked, and when else ...
“Good,” the priest interrupted, “it’s time for him to serve. It’s enough for him to run around girls’ rooms and climb dovecotes.”
The thought of an imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan, and tears flowed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of Petersburg life. I imagined myself as an officer of the guard, which, in my opinion, was the height of human well-being.
Batiushka did not like to change his intentions, nor to postpone their fulfillment. The day of my departure was fixed. The day before, the priest announced that he intended to write with me to my future boss, and demanded a pen and paper.
Do not forget, Andrey Petrovich, - said mother, - to bow from me to Prince B.; I, they say, hope that he will not leave Petrusha with his favors.
What nonsense! - replied the father frowning. - Why should I write to Prince B.?
Why, you said that you would like to write to Petrusha's chief?
Well, what is there?
Why, the chief Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment.
Recorded by! What do I care if it's recorded? Petrusha will not go to Petersburg. What will he learn by serving in St. Petersburg? wind and hang? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a shamaton. Registered in the guard! Where is his passport? bring it here.
Mother found my passport, which was kept in her casket along with the shirt in which I was baptized, and handed it to the priest with a trembling hand. Batiushka read it with attention, put it on the table in front of him, and began his letter.
Curiosity tormented me: where are they sending me, if not to Petersburg? I did not take my eyes off Batiushkin's pen, which moved rather slowly. Finally, he finished, sealed the letter in the same package with his passport, took off his glasses and, calling me, said: “Here is a letter for you to Andrey Karlovich R., my old comrade and friend. You are going to Orenburg to serve under his command.”
So, all my brilliant hopes collapsed! Instead of a cheerful Petersburg life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side. The service, which for a minute I thought with such enthusiasm, seemed to me a grave misfortune. But there was nothing to argue. The next day, in the morning, a traveling wagon was brought up to the porch; they put a suitcase in it, a cellar with a tea set, and bundles of rolls and pies, the last signs of home pampering. My parents blessed me. The father said to me: “Goodbye, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you swear; obey the bosses; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from youth. Mother, in tears, ordered me to take care of my health, and Savelich to look after the child. They put a hare coat on me, and a fox coat on top. I got into the wagon with Savelich and set off on the road, shedding tears.
That very night I arrived in Simbirsk, where I had to stay for a day to purchase the necessary things, which was entrusted to Savelich. I stopped at a tavern. Savelich went to the shops in the morning. Getting bored of looking out the window at the dirty lane, I went to wander through all the rooms. Entering the billiard room, I saw a tall gentleman of about thirty-five, with a long black mustache, in a dressing gown, with a cue in his hand and with a pipe in his teeth. He played with a marker that, when he won, drank a glass of vodka, and when he lost, he had to crawl under the billiards on all fours. I started watching them play. The longer it went on, the more frequent the walks on all fours, until at last the marker remained under the pool table. The master uttered several strong expressions over him in the form of a funeral word and invited me to play a game. I reluctantly refused. It seemed to him, apparently, strange. He looked at me as if with regret; however, we talked. I learned that his name was Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, that he was a captain of the ** hussar regiment and was in Simbirsk when recruiting, but was standing in a tavern. Zurin invited me to dine with him, like God sent, like a soldier. I readily agreed. We sat down at the table. Zurin drank a lot and regaled me too, saying that one must get used to the service; he told me army jokes, from which I almost collapsed with laughter, and we got up from the table perfect friends. Then he volunteered to teach me how to play billiards. “This,” he said, “is necessary for our service brother. On a hike, for example, you come to a place - what do you order to do? After all, it’s not all the same to beat the Jews. Involuntarily you will go to a tavern and start playing billiards; And for that you need to know how to play!” I was completely convinced and set to work with great diligence. Zurin loudly encouraged me, marveled at my rapid successes, and after several lessons suggested that I play money, one penny each, not to win, but so as not to play for nothing, which, according to him, is the worst habit. I agreed to this, and Zurin ordered punch to be served and persuaded me to try, repeating that I need to get used to the service; and without a punch, what is a service! I obeyed him. Meanwhile, our game continued. The more I sipped from my glass, the bolder I became. Balloons kept flying over my side; I got excited, scolded the marker, who considered God knows how, multiplied the game from hour to hour, in a word - behaved like a boy breaking free. In the meantime, time has passed imperceptibly. Zurin glanced at his watch, put down his cue and announced to me that I had lost a hundred rubles. This confused me a little. Savelich had my money. I began to apologize. Zurin interrupted me: “Have mercy! Don't you dare worry. I can wait, but for now let's go to Arinushka.
What do you order? I ended the day as dissolutely as I started. We dined at Arinushka's. Zurin poured me every minute, repeating that it was necessary to get used to the service. Rising from the table, I could barely stand on my feet; at midnight Zurin took me to a tavern.
Savelich met us on the porch. He gasped, seeing the unmistakable signs of my zeal for the service. “What, sir, has become of you? - he said in a pitiful voice, - where did you load it? Oh my God! there has never been such a sin!” - "Shut up, bastard! - I answered him, stammering, - you must be drunk, go to bed ... and put me to bed.
The next day I woke up with headache vaguely remembering yesterday's events. My reflections were interrupted by Savelich, who came in with a cup of tea. “It’s early, Pyotr Andreevich,” he said to me, shaking his head, “you start walking early. And who did you go to? It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about mother: from birth, except for kvass, they did not deign to take anything in their mouths. And who's to blame? damn monsieur. Every now and then, it happened, he would run to Antipievna: “Madame, wow, vodka.” So much for you! There is nothing to say: good instructed, dog son. And it was necessary to hire a basurman as uncles, as if the master had no more of his own people!
I was ashamed. I turned away and said to him: “Get out, Savelich; I don't want tea." But Savelich was hard-pressed to appease when he used to set about preaching. “You see, Pyotr Andreevich, what it’s like to play along. And the head is hard, and you don’t want to eat. A person who drinks is good for nothing... Drink some cucumber pickle with honey, but it would be better to get drunk with half a glass of tincture. Won't you tell me?"
At this time the boy came in and handed me a note from I. I. Zurin. I opened it and read the following lines:
“Dear Pyotr Andreevich, please send me with my boy a hundred rubles, which you lost to me yesterday. I am in dire need of money.
Ready for service
Ivan Zurin.
There was nothing to do. I took on an air of indifference and turned to Savelich, who was and money, and underwear, and my deeds are a caretaker, ordered to give the boy a hundred rubles. "How! For what?" asked the astonished Savelich. "I owe them to him," I replied with all sorts of coldness. "Must! Savelich objected, more astonished from time to time, “but when, sir, did you manage to owe him a debt?” Something is not right. Your will, sir, but I will not give out money.
I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not outguess the stubborn old man, then later on it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship, and, looking at him proudly, I said: “I am your master, and you are my servant. My money. I lost them because I felt like it. And I advise you not to be smart and do what you are ordered.
Savelich was so struck by my words that he clasped his hands and was dumbfounded. "Why are you standing there!" I shouted angrily. Savelich wept. “Father Pyotr Andreich,” he said in a trembling voice, “do not kill me with sadness. You are my light! listen to me, old man: write to this robber that you were joking, that we don’t even have that kind of money. One hundred rubles! God you are merciful! Tell me that your parents firmly ordered you not to play, except as nuts ... "-" It's full of lies, - I interrupted sternly, - give the money here or I'll drive you away.
Savelich looked at me with deep sorrow and went to collect my duty. I felt sorry for the poor old man; but I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child. The money was delivered to Zurin. Savelich hurried to take me out of the accursed tavern. He came with the news that the horses were ready. With a troubled conscience and silent remorse I left Simbirsk, without saying goodbye to my teacher and not thinking of seeing him again.
A long, long time ago (this is how my grandmother began her story), at a time when I was still no more than sixteen years old, we lived - me and my late father - in the Nizhne-Ozernaya fortress, on the Orenburg line. I must tell you that this fortress did not at all resemble either the local city of Simbirsk, or that county town to which you, my child, went last year: it was so small that even a five-year-old child would not get tired running around it; the houses in it were all small, low, for the most part woven from twigs, smeared with clay, covered with straw and fenced with wattle. But Nizhne-ozernaya neither did it look like your father’s village, because this fortress had, in addition to huts on chicken legs, an old wooden church, quite large and just as an old house serf chief, guardhouse and long log bakery shops. In addition, our fortress was surrounded on three sides by a log fence, with two gates and pointed turrets at the corners, and the fourth side tightly adjoined the Ural coast, as steep as a wall and as high as the local cathedral. Not only was Nizhneozernaya so well fenced off: there were two or three old cast-iron cannons in it, but about fifty of the same old and smoky soldiers, who, although they were a little decrepit, nevertheless kept on their feet, had long guns and cleavers, and after every evening dawn they cheerfully shouted: with god the night begins. Although our invalids seldom succeeded in showing their courage, nevertheless it was impossible to do without them; because the local side was very restless in the old days: the Bashkirs rebelled in it, then the Kirghiz robbed - all unfaithful Busurmans, fierce as wolves and terrible as unclean spirits. They not only captured in their filthy captivity Christian people and drove away the Christian herds; but sometimes they even approached the very tyne of our fortress, threatening to chop and burn us all. In such cases, our soldiers had enough work: for whole days they shot back from adversaries from small turrets and through the cracks of the old tyna. My late father (who received the captain's rank in the blessed memory of Empress Elisaveta Petrovna) commanded both these honored old men and other residents of Nizhneozernaya - retired soldiers, Cossacks and raznochintsy; in short, he was in the present commandant, but in the old commander fortresses. My father (God remember his soul in the kingdom of heaven) was a man of the old age: fair, cheerful, talkative, he called the service his mother, and the sword his sister - and in every business he liked to insist on his own. I no longer had a mother. God took her to himself before I could pronounce her name. So, in the big commander's house, which I told you about, only the father lived, and I, and a few old orderlies and maids. You might think that we were very bored in such a remote place. Nothing happened! Time rolled on just as quickly for us as it did for all Orthodox Christians. Habit, my child, adorns every share, unless the constant thought gets into the head that it's good where we're not as the proverb says. Besides, boredom attaches itself mostly to idle people; but my father and I rarely sat with our hands folded. He or learned his kind soldiers (it is clear that soldier science needs to be studied for a whole century!), Or read sacred books, although, to tell the truth, this happened quite rarely, because the deceased-light (God grant him the kingdom of heaven) was taught in old, and he himself used to say jokingly that the diploma was not given to him, like the infantry service to the Turk. On the other hand, he was a great master - and he looked after the work in the field with his own eyes, so that in the summer time he used to spend whole God's days in the meadows and arable land. I must tell you, my child, that both we and the other inhabitants of the fortress sowed bread and mowed hay - a little, not like the peasants of your father, but as much as we needed for household use. You can judge the danger in which we then lived by the fact that our farmers worked in the fields only under the cover of a significant convoy, which was supposed to protect them from the attacks of the Kirghiz, who constantly prowl about the line, like hungry wolves. That is why the presence of my father during the field work was necessary not only for their success, but also for the safety of the workers. You see, my child, that my father had enough to do. As for me, I did not kill time in vain. Without boasting, I will say that, despite my youth, I was a real mistress in the house, I was in charge both in the kitchen and in the cellar, and sometimes, in the absence of the priest, in the yard itself. The dress for myself (we have never heard of fashion stores) was sewn by me; and besides that, she found time to mend her father’s caftans, because the company tailor Trofimov began to see badly from old age, so that once (it was funny, it was true) he put a patch, past the hole, on the whole place. Having thus managed to dispatch my household chores, I never missed an opportunity to visit God's temple, unless our father Vlasy (forgive him, Lord) is not too lazy to celebrate the Divine Liturgy. However, my child, you are mistaken if you think that the father and I lived alone within four walls, not knowing anyone and not accepting good people. True, we rarely managed to visit; but the priest was a great hospitality, but does a hospitality ever have no guests? Almost every evening they gathered in our reception room: the old lieutenant, the Cossack foreman, Father Vlasy and some other inhabitants of the fortress - I don’t remember everyone. They all liked to sip cherries and homemade beer, they liked to talk and argue. Their conversations, of course, were arranged not according to bookish writings, but so at random: it happened that whoever came up with something would grind, because the people were all so simple ... But only good things must be said about the dead, and our old interlocutors have long, long ago been buried in the cemetery.
