Raskolnikov, the main character, is sometimes surrounded by rather dubious characters. One of these is Luzhin Petr Petrovich. The author portrayed him in such a way that the lawyer looks like a reflection of Rodion, only in a crooked mirror.
Luzhin's theory in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is presented weaker than the theory of a poor student.
About poor wives
The lawyer marries a dowry, a poor, but educated and intelligent Dunya Raskolnikova, following the principles set forth in his theory of poor wives. This couple looks strange: the groom does not love the bride, he only wants to do good by calculation; a bride who does not think about whether she loves Pyotr Petrovich. Dunya sacrifices herself so that, having married a wealthy Luzhin, she can help her brother and mother.Pyotr Petrovich is represented as a lawyer, a “business man”, who has reached a position and prosperity on his own. He decided that he needed a wife from poor family who suffered, survived difficulties, but she must be smart and educated. This one will thank him all his life, and he will only condescendingly allow himself to be loved.
Therefore, having wooed Dunya, Luzhin followed his theory of poor wives exactly. He expected that a poor girl will always thank him, will bow before him, consider him his benefactor, savior. In fact, the lawyer wanted to get himself a virtually free, disenfranchised servant, a mistress all rolled into one. According to his calculations, Dunya would serve him for food and modest clothes, while also thanking him for the good deed, not daring to say a word against.
He thought with rapture, in the deepest secret, of a well-behaved and poor girl (certainly poor), very young, very pretty, noble and educated, very frightened, her salvation, she was in awe of him, obeyed, marveled at him, and only at him...,
Dostoevsky in this one phrase alone displayed the most low essence Luzhin's theory.
Luzhin's theory as a reflection of Raskolnikov's theory
A paradoxical, but vile theory: to do good deeds, but by calculation, to turn a free girl into his own slave, to marry without love, only to amuse his egoism. Especially expressive is this Dostoevsky psychological"with rapture, in the deepest secret...":
Here is a huge selfishness, narcissism, and cruel prudence in relation to other people.
The writer compares two theories: Luzhin's and Raskolnikov's. And if Luzhin speaks of beneficence according to calculation, then Rodion speaks of a superman. However, in the end, Raskolnikov rejects the theory that there are people who are allowed everything, but there are those who must humbly endure everything. The student repents of his deed and finds love.
And Luzhin (according to the author's description) does not seem to kill anyone physically. However, his theorist preaches spiritual murder, which is much more terrible and criminal. It becomes clear: if Raskolnikov was mistaken, but in the end he realized that no one had the right to take life, repented, then Pyotr Petrovich, without killing anyone, is much worse - he is even capable of killing if it suits his goals, moreover, in cold blood and without remorse .
Luzhin is like the shadow of the protagonist, like the dark essence of Rodion, Raskolnikov's reflection in a distorted mirror. In a lawyer, one can feel an inner readiness to cross the line, and without any theory, but only to achieve their own selfish goals.
Dostoevsky in the work "Crime and Punishment" compares the images of such heroes as Raskolnikov, Luzhin and Svidrigailov. You can even say that the last two characters are Raskolnikov's doubles.
So, Raskolnikov is compared with Luzhin for the reason that they have a lot in common.
First of all, the connecting link is pride, and also the fact that both lack faith, idleness prevails in them. All these features in a person's character give rise to a desire to do everything to fill the emptiness of the soul with some idea.
As for the thoughts of these characters, they are also similar. So, for example, Luzhin argued that you need to love only yourself, since absolutely everything is built on personal interest. And Raskolnikov, in turn, argued that all people can be divided into extraordinary and ordinary. The latter obey everything, while the extraordinary destroy stereotypes and what surrounds them in the present in order to have a future. These people have the right to crime.
Despite the fact that these two characters think similarly, yet they are completely different in appearance. In addition, both feel hostility towards each other, while these two heroes do not even think about how similar they are in their thinking and character. And this is not surprising, because they see in each other only the most worst features, therefore, of course, they consider themselves much better and would never compare themselves with anyone.
In order to understand how Raskolnikov and Luzhin are similar, it is enough to compare them life positions. So, as mentioned above, Raskolnikov divides all people into lower and higher. For some time this hero considered himself one of the latter, but nevertheless his opinion of himself changed significantly after the murder he had committed. He believes that he has the right to punish people and pardon. But in the end, after his actions, Raskolnikov realizes that he has only begun to move away from his dream. Moreover, over time, he begins to understand that the way he distributed people is wrong, and at the end of the novel, this hero completely repents.
But Luzhin's dreams and goals are built on increasing his capital and making his career fast and successful. He believes that all people are simply obliged to be selfish, since only the person who takes care of himself will be able to help others as a result. Actually, by the fact that Luzhin puts himself above others, he is similar to Raskolnikov. This brings them together, although the heroes themselves, of course, do not notice this. These two people do not want to recognize themselves as ordinary, they consider themselves in many ways better than others, but their actions completely contradict this.
As for Svidrigailov, at first glance, it seems that these heroes have nothing in common, moreover, they seem to be two antipodes. But still, if you look closely at these images, you can see some similarities. In what way does it manifest itself? First of all, it is that they are both involved in a crime. However, their goals are different. Raskolnikov, killing an elderly woman and Lizaveta in order to help the destitute and offended. But Svidrigailov is ready to do everything to satisfy himself and achieve what he wants, and it does not matter at all at what cost.
Both of these personalities, both Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, are considered strong personalities, but this quality of them is far from being manifested in the very best light, because this power allows them to cross the bloody line. And because of this, they deliberately decide to commit a crime. Therefore, the essence of both heroes is very similar, even Svidrigailov himself, at the first meeting with Raskolnikov, claims that there is one field of berries. As a result, the protagonist of the work begins to realize this. Of course, any crime cannot go unpunished, so both heroes experience pangs of conscience and as a result repent, trying to somehow fix something, and it seems that they manage to get on the right path. They even first find the true path, but their mental anguish is simply unbearable. Therefore, Svidrigailov cannot stand it and decides to commit suicide, and Raskolnikov, fearing that he will end his life in the same way, repents of his deed.
The narrative structure of Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment is quite complex. In the center of the work is the image of the protagonist, Rodion Raskolnikov, with his idea to resolve "blood in conscience." All other characters are related to him in one way or another. Main character surrounded in the novel by "doubles", in the minds of which his idea is refracted in different ways.
One of Raskolnikov's doubles in the novel is Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin. This business man who, more than anything in the world, values money obtained by "labor and all sorts of means." He respects himself, considers himself an intelligent, progressive person, working for the benefit of the whole society. Luzhin even has his own theory, which he develops in front of Raskolnikov. This "theory reasonable selfishness” reads: “Love, first of all, only yourself, for everything in the world is based on an existing interest.” Luzhin believes that if everyone acts guided only by their own interests, then there will be more successful citizens in society, "arranged private affairs." Consequently, "acquiring solely and exclusively for himself," a person works for the benefit of "general prosperity", for the benefit of economic progress.
In life, Petr Petrovich is consistently guided by his theory. Marrying Dunechka amuses his morbid vanity, besides, it can contribute to his career. Raskolnikov opposes this marriage, and Luzhin quickly finds a way to remedy the situation. In order to denigrate Rodion in the eyes of his relatives and return Dunya's disposition, he accuses Sonya of stealing by planting a banknote on her. Thus, he is capable of any meanness, unprincipled.
Analyzing Luzhin's theory, we notice its striking similarity with Raskolnikov's theory, in which personal interest also predominates. “Everything is permitted to the Napoleons,” he asserts categorically. In the murder of the old money-lender, of course, there is a personal interest of the hero. One of the motives for this murder is Raskolnikov's desire to test his theory, to find out what type of people he himself belongs to: "... am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?" Raskolnikov's theory, in his opinion, is also designed to save humanity from world evil, aimed at developing progress. Mohammedans, Napoleons, Lycurgus - people of the future who "move the world and lead it to the goal." They "destroy the present in the name of the future."
It is characteristic that Raskolnikov did not like Luzhin's theory at all. Perhaps intuitively he sensed in it a resemblance to his own ideas. It is not for nothing that he remarks to Pyotr Petrovich that according to his, Luzhin's, theory, it turns out that "people can be cut." This similarity probably explains Raskolnikov's unconscious hatred of Luzhin. Well, the situation with Sonya, the planned marriage to Dunechka - all this, of course, left its mark on the relationship of the characters.
Thus, Luzhin trivializes the theory of the protagonist, offering an "economic" version of this theory. Luzhin is Raskolnikov's "double" in terms of life and everyday life. In addition, this is an unscrupulous, vile person. All this determines the attitude of the author and the main character towards him.
In Dostoevsky's novels, almost all the leading characters are ideologues. That is why Dostoevsky endowed the hero of his novel “Crime and Punishment” Rodion Raskolnikov with spiritual twins, which are Svidrigailov and Luzhin. These images personify the “dark” side of the protagonist’s personality, concentrate his vices in themselves, which allows the reader to get the most accurate idea of Raskolnikov’s personality and character.
Dostoevsky shows us Svidrigailov as a man without conscience and honor. This person is indifferent, bored. He wants to find in life “something always born as an ember in the blood.” The image of Svidrigailov is a kind of warning to Raskolnikov: Svidrigailov is the creature that Raskolnikov will turn into if he does not obey the voice of his own conscience and lives with a crime in his soul that was not redeemed by suffering.
In the image of Svidrigailov, the whole essence of the moral fall of a person who has gone down the path of crime is revealed. He constantly worries Raskolnikov, convincing him that they are “of the same field”: “Well, didn’t I say that there is some kind of common point between us?” Svidrigailov does not see a person in anyone, he is convinced that there is nothing wrong in adultery, or in corrupting a young girl, or in eavesdropping on other people's conversations in order to benefit from them through blackmail. Svidrigailov for Raskolnikov becomes the embodiment of something low, disgusting, but, nevertheless, Rodion Raskolnikov is attracted to this dark beginning. After all, Raskolnikov decided to really, and not fantastically become a “ruler”, which means he decided to follow the path of Svidrigailov. The internal similarity between Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov also lies in the sin of godlessness, pride and idleness. In addition, they both suffer from the consciousness of such idleness. But Raskolnikov at the end of the novel was able to overcome Svidrigailov's pride and idleness, Svidrigailov's demonism, found love and life, and therefore - himself. The idea that his theory was similar to the theories of Svidrigailov and Luzhin became unbearable to him, he began to hate them, although in essence he had no right to do so.
In the context of the topic of my essay, another character of the novel deserves attention - Luzhin - a self-made entrepreneur who wants, being a “small” person, to become a “big” person, to turn from nobody into the master of life. Here you can draw a parallel between Raskolnikov and Luzhin. Raskolnikov is a poor student who really wants to get out of the impoverished state in which he is. But don't just outgrow yourself at this stage! He wants to see himself as a person superior to society in moral and intellectual terms. So there is a theory about the division of people into two categories. Moreover, both Luzhin and Raskolnikov want to see their belonging to the highest category. This desire leads to the fact that Raskolnikov arrogates to himself the right to kill the usurer, and Luzhin to destroy Sonya.
Both of these heroes - Raskolnikov and Luzhin - misperceive their own position, their point of view regarding their place in society boils down to the fact that they consider themselves better than other people, at least those who become their victims. The only difference between Luzhin and Raskolnikov is that the former has a more vulgar understanding of the problem itself and the methods he uses than the latter. Luzhin trivializes and thereby discredits the theory of "reasonable egoism."
Raskolnikov's motives are noble, he acts not out of calculation, but out of delusion.
However, one cannot give the same assessment to these three characters - Raskolnikov, Luzhin and Svidrigailov. Dostoevsky showed us inner world Raskolnikov through the interaction of the hero with the characters that surround him, through the constant struggle between the consciousness and the subconscious, his emotional experiences. The writer shows us what power an idea can have over a person and how terrible this idea can be if it is capable of pushing a person to a crime.
Dostoevsky analyzed the consciousness and subconsciousness of the protagonist, he fully revealed the character of Raskolnikov to the reader. The writer showed us the inner world of the hero with the help of contrast - through a comparison of the traits inherent in Raskolnikov with personal characteristics Svidrigailov and Luzhin.
(No Ratings Yet)
- CLASSICS F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY LUZHIN AND SVIDRIGAILOV AS RASKOLNIKOV’S TWIN IN F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY’S NOVEL “CRIME AND PUNISHMENT” In F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”, the antithesis technique is widely used,...
- Closest to Raskolnikov is Svidrigailov, who himself admits this, noting: “We are one field of berries”, “... there is some kind of common point between us.” Svidrigailov practically has everything he needs...
- Why did Svidrigailov, who "stepped over", commit suicide, but Raskolnikov did not? (Based on the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment") In the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" a number of universal problems are revealed:...
- Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov are the heroes of one of the best novels Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". This novel is distinguished by the deepest psychologism and an abundance of sharp contrasts. At first glance, in the characters of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov...
- Plan I. Duality is a characteristic image technique in Dostoevsky. II. "Twins" Raskolnikov. 1. Luzhin is the bearer of the “theory of rational egoism”. 2. The image of Svidrigailov. III. The meaning of "twins" to display the controversial nature of Raskolnikov....
- THE ROLE OF RASKOLNIKOV'S "DOUBLES" IN F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY'S NOVEL "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT" In his novel "Crime and Punishment" F. M. Dostoevsky sought to solve an important psychological and moral problem - to show people ...
- Dostoevsky in the novel "Crime and Punishment" thinks about eternal questions^ “What is the meaning of life? What is the essence of goodness and truth? Where is the line between good and evil?” Answers to these questions and...
- In "Crime and Punishment" there are almost 90 different characters, each of which is independent, significant for the development and understanding of the idea of the novel. Many researchers identify several options in the distribution and grouping of acting ...
- The main meaning of the content of the novel is the complete impossibility of finding a way out of life's dead ends, from the traps set for man by capitalist society. The protagonist of Dostoevsky's novel, Rodion Raskolnikov, is crushed by poverty, forced to leave the university because of...
- CLASSICS F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY RASKOLNIKOV'S WORLD VIEW The novel “Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky was written in 1866. It was a time of reforms, when the old “masters of life” began to be replaced by...
- The image of Sonya Marmeladova is in many ways opposed to Raskolnikov. She is both a victim and a perpetrator at the same time. It is Sonya Raskolnikov who chooses the measure of his act, in front of her the hero wants to confess to the murder, because she ...
- The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” is considered one of the most “problematic” works of the world fiction and is of particular relevance. The novel was written in the late 60s. 19th century And...
- No, and not under an alien firmament, And not under the protection of alien wings, I was then with my people, Where my people, unfortunately, were. A. Akhmatova Plan I. Tragic...
- In the center of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is the character of the hero of the 60s. XIX century, raznochinets, poor student Rodion Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov commits a crime: he kills an old pawnbroker and her sister, harmless,...
- For understanding ideological sense F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”, it is very important to analyze the composition of the work, in particular its elements such as dreams. The first dream of the protagonist of the novel Rodion ...
- F. M. Dostoevsky - the greatest Russian writer, unsurpassed realist artist, anatomist human soul, a passionate champion of the ideas of humanism and justice. Speaking about the undeniable genius of Dostoevsky, M. Gorky compared him by the power of depiction...
- Svidrigailov is the most mysterious character in the novel Crime and Punishment, his character is not immediately revealed to the reader. On the one hand, he a common person and acts in the novel as a mere mortal....
- IN modern reading novel, it seems to me especially important to emphasize that not a single person is freed from the laws of morality, morality. Georgy Taratorkin Plan I. Dostoevsky is the creator of the socio-psychological novel. II. Theory...
- The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky is called “Crime and Punishment”. Indeed, there is a crime in it - the murder of an old pawnbroker, and punishment - a trial and hard labor. However, for Dostoevsky the main thing was the philosophical, moral judgment...
- The hero of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is a poor student Rodion Raskolnikov, who is forced to make ends meet and therefore hates the mighty of the world because they trample on the weak...
- MOTIVES OF RASKOLNIKOV'S CRIME IN F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY'S NOVEL "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT" We open the novel of the great Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". And from the very first pages we get into the atmosphere ...
- Rodion Raskolnikov is a half-educated law student. He knows life from the worst side: crushed by poverty, lives in terrible conditions, owes everyone, forced to hide from the mistress, left the university. This is a typical...
- Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, a newly-minted acquirer, "modernized" by Chichikov, is the personification of "reasonable egoism", which is embedded in the basis of Raskolnikov's "arithmetic". Luzhin, a lawyer, wants to open an office in St. Petersburg to provide legal services, considering ...
- In world literature, Dostoevsky has the honor of describing the inexhaustibility and multidimensionality of the human soul. The writer showed the possibility of combining low and high, vile and noble in one person. Man is a mystery...
- Ideological and artistic originality of the novel Central image novel by Rodion Raskolnikov. His crime is an individualistic rebellion against the order of life around him. His theory is based on the fact that society and man are essentially ...
- To the number greatest creations F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is an ideological work, the plot of which is based on Rodion Raskolnikov’s crazy idea about a person’s right to kill, “if ... CLASSICS FM DOSTOYEVSKY THE THEORY OF RODION RASKOLNIKOV, ITS FAILURE AND CRASH Raskolnikov's idea from its very inception was doomed to failure. Not because she is not faithful, because in fact ...
- Plan I. The crime committed by Rodion Raskolnikov. II. Raskolnikov's motives for the crime. 1. Characteristics of the main character. 2. The idea to protect the “humiliated and offended”. 3. The theory of "strong personality". III. Raskolnikov's punishment. At the center of the novel...
