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Fashion and A.S. Pushkin ... The poet was a secular man, often visited high society, went to balls and dinners, took walks and did not last role clothes played in his life.
In the second volume of Pushkin's Dictionary of Language, published in 1956, one can read that the word "fashion" is used 84 times in Pushkin's works! And the authors of the dictionary cite most of the examples from the novel "Eugene Onegin".
Fashion early XIX century was influenced by the ideas of the Great French Revolution and France dictated fashion throughout Europe ...
The Russian costume of the nobles was formed in line with the general European fashion. With the death of Emperor Paul I, the bans on the French costume collapsed. The nobles tried on a tailcoat, a frock coat, a vest.
Pushkin in the novel "Eugene Onegin" speaks with irony about the outfit of the protagonist:
“... I could before the learned world
Here describe his attire;
Of course it would be bold
Describe my case:
But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest,
All these words are not in Russian…”
So what outfits were worn by ladies and gentlemen of that time? And the French fashion magazine "Little Ladies' Messenger" (Le Petit Courrier des Dames) for the years 1820-1833 can help with this. Illustrations of clothing models from there just give an idea of what the people around him wore during Pushkin's time.
Women's fashion
The craftsmanship of creating men's and women's dresses boggles our imagination. How can such magnificence be made with your own hands, given that at that time there were not so many technical devices as now? How could these beautiful creations by skilled tailors be worn, given that they weighed so much more than today's clothes?
The war of 1812 died down, but nevertheless, the most popular in culture in general, and in fashion in particular, by the 20s of the 19th century, was the Empire style. Its name comes from the French word for "empire" and was inspired by Napoleon's victories.
This style is based on imitation of antique patterns. The costume was designed in the same style as the columns, the high waist of women's dresses, a straight skirt, a corset that helped to better preserve the silhouette, created the image of a tall, slender beauty of ancient Rome.
“... The roar of music, the sparkle of candles,
Flashing, whirlwind of fast couples,
Beauties light dresses.
People full of choirs,
Brides a vast semicircle,
All the feelings strike suddenly…”
Women's costume was complemented by a wide variety of jewelry, as if compensating for its simplicity and modesty: pearl threads, bracelets, necklaces, tiaras, feronnieres, earrings.
Bracelets were worn not only on the hands, but also on the feet, almost every finger was decorated with rings and rings.
Ladies' shoes, sewn from fabric, most often from satin, had the shape of a boat and were tied with ribbons around the ankle like antique sandals.
It is no coincidence that A.S. Pushkin devoted so many poetic lines to women's legs in "Eugene Onegin":
"... The legs of lovely ladies are flying;
In their captivating footsteps
Fiery eyes are flying ... "
The ladies' toilet included long gloves that were removed only at the table (and mitts - fingerless gloves - were not removed at all), a fan, a reticule (a small bag) and a small umbrella that served as protection from rain and sun.
Men's fashion
Men's fashion was permeated with the ideas of romanticism. AT male figure emphasized arched chest, thin waist, graceful posture. But fashion gave way to the trends of the time, the requirements business qualities, entrepreneurship.
To express the new properties of beauty, completely different forms were required. Silk and velvet, lace, expensive jewelry disappeared from clothes. They were replaced by wool, cloth of dark smooth colors.
Disappearing wigs and long hair, men's fashion is becoming more sustainable, the English suit is gaining more and more popularity. Men's fashion throughout the 19th century was dictated mainly by England. It is still believed that London is to men's fashion what Paris is to women's.
Any secular man of that time wore a tailcoat. In the 20s XIX years centuries, short pants and stockings with shoes were replaced by long and wide pantaloons - the forerunners of men's trousers. This part of the men's costume owes its name to the character Italian comedy Pantalone, who invariably appeared on the stage in long wide pants. The pantaloons were held on by suspenders that came into fashion, and at the bottom they ended with hairpins, which made it possible to avoid wrinkles. Usually pantaloons and tailcoat were of different colors.
Pushkin writes about Onegin:
"...Here is my Onegin at large;
Cut in the latest fashion;
How London dandy is dressed -
And finally saw the light.
He's completely French
Could speak and write;
Easily danced the mazurka
And bowed at ease;
What do you want more? The world decided
That he is smart and very nice."
Literature and fashion
Literature and art also influenced fashion and style. Among the nobles, the works of V. Scott became famous, the entire public involved in literary novelties began to try on checkered outfits and berets. Wanting to show the literary tastes of Tatiana Larina, Pushkin dresses her in a newfangled beret.
“Who is there in a raspberry beret?…”
This is what the scene at the ball looks like after Eugene Onegin returns to Moscow, where he meets Tatyana again:
"... The ladies moved closer to her;
The old women smiled at her;
The men bowed down
They caught the gaze of her eyes;
The girls passed quietly
In front of her in the hall: and all above
And raised his nose and shoulders
The general who entered with her.
No one could have her beautiful
name; but head to toe
Nobody could find it
The fact that fashion is autocratic
In the high London circle
It's called vulgar. (I can not…
"Really, - thinks Eugene, -
Is she? But definitely... no...
As! from the wilderness of the steppe villages ... "
And the unobtrusive lorgnette
He draws every minute
On the one whose appearance reminded vaguely
He has forgotten features.
"Tell me, prince, don't you know,
Who is there in a raspberry beret
Are you talking to the Spanish ambassador?
The prince looks at Onegin.
— Aha! You haven't been in the world for a long time.
Wait, I'll introduce you. —
"But who is she?" - My Zhenya. -..
Watch, gloves and cane
For men, the most common headdress of Pushkin's time was a top hat. It appeared in the 18th century and later changed color and shape more than once.
In the second quarter 19th century a wide-brimmed hat came into fashion - the bolivar, named after the hero of the liberation movement South America Simon Bolivar. Such a hat meant not just a headdress, it indicated the liberal public mood of its owner.
Complemented men's suit gloves, cane and watch. Gloves, however, were more often worn in the hands than on the hands, so as not to make it difficult to take them off. There were many situations where this was required. In gloves, good cut and high-quality material were especially appreciated.
The most fashionable thing of the 18th - early 19th century was a cane. The canes were made of flexible wood, which made it impossible to lean on them. They were worn in the hands or under the arm solely for panache.
Corsets, shawls, capes, umbrellas and muffs
In the second quarter XIX century, the silhouette of a woman's dress is changing again. The corset is back. The waistline dropped to its natural place, lacing went into action. The skirt and sleeves have flared out a lot to make the waist appear thinner. The female figure began to resemble an inverted glass in shape.
Cashmere shawls, capes, boas were thrown over the shoulders, which covered the neckline.
Additions - umbrellas with frills in summer, in winter - muffs, handbags, gloves.
Here is how Pushkin put it in Eugene Onegin:
"... The corset wore very narrow
And Russian N, like French N,
I was able to pronounce it through my nose ... "
The heroes of novels and short stories by A.S. Pushkin followed fashion and dressed according to fashion, otherwise the venerable public would not have read the works of our Great writer, he lived among people and wrote about what was close to people. And insidious fashion, meanwhile, went on and on ...
A beret is a soft, loose-fitting headdress. Who is there in a crimson beret // Is he talking to the Spanish ambassador?
Boa - women's wide shoulder scarf made of fur or feathers. He is happy if she throws // a fluffy boa on her shoulder ...
Bolivar - men's hat with a very wide brim, type of cylinder. Putting on a wide bolivar, // Onegin goes to the boulevard ...
Fan - a small hand-folding fan, unfolded in the shape of a semicircle, a necessary ladies' ball accessory.
A diadem is a female head jewelry, originally. headdress of kings, and earlier - priests.
Vest - short men's clothing without a collar and sleeves, over which a frock coat, tailcoat is put on. Here they seem to be dandies note // Their impudence, their waistcoat ...
Carrick is a men's winter coat that had several (sometimes up to fifteen) large decorative collars.
Kaftan - old Russian men's clothing in a figure with a small collar or without it.
Necklace - women's neck jewelry with pendants in front.
Corset - a wide elastic belt covering the torso and tightening the waist under the dress. The corset was very tight...
Sash - a belt several meters long, to which various objects were fastened. The coachman sits on the box // In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash ...
Lornet - optical glass, to the frame of which a handle is attached, usually folding. A double lorgnette, slanting, points // At the knives of unfamiliar ladies ...
Macintosh - a coat or raincoat made of rubberized fabric.
Pantaloons - men's long pants with stripes without cuffs and smoothed folds. But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest, // all these words are not in Russian ...
Gloves - a piece of clothing that covers the hands from the wrist to the end of the fingers and each finger individually.
Scarf - 1. piece of clothing - a piece of fabric, usually square, or a knitted product of this shape. With a gray-haired handkerchief on her head, // An old woman in a long padded jacket ... 2. the same as a handkerchief. ... Or raise a handkerchief to her.
Redingot is a women's and men's long fitted coat with a wide turn-down collar, fastened to the top with buttons.
A reticule is a small handbag for women.
Frock coat - men's original outerwear to the knees, deaf or with an open chest, with a standing or turn-down collar, at the waist, with narrow long sleeves.
Telogreyka - women's warm jacket without sleeves with gathers at the waist. With a gray-haired scarf on her head, // An old woman in a long quilted jacket ...
A cane is a straight thin stick.
A sheepskin coat is a long-brimmed fur coat, usually naked, not covered with cloth. The coachman sits on the box // In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash ...
Feronniere - a narrow ribbon worn on the forehead with precious stone in the middle.
Tailcoat - men's clothing, cut off at the waist, with narrow long tails at the back and cut-out front floors, with a turn-down collar and lapels, often trimmed with velvet. But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest, // All these words are not in Russian ...
Robe - home clothes, wrapping or fastening from top to bottom. And he ate and drank in a dressing gown ...
The top hat is a tall, hard men's hat with small hard brim, the top of which is in the shape of a cylinder.
A cap is a women's headdress that covers the hair and is tied under the chin. At Aunt Princess Elena // Still the same tulle cap ...
A shawl is a large knitted or woven scarf.
Shlafor - home clothes, a spacious dressing gown, long, without fasteners, with a wide smell, girdled with a cord with tassels. And finally updated // On cotton wool dressing gown and cap.
Visual example of presentation slide design:
beast on Onegin's collar
Alternative descriptionsA rodent with valuable fur living along forest rivers
Rodent animal with valuable fur
Gunboat (Russia, 1905)
semi-aquatic mammal of the rodent order
A furry animal with an "engineering education"
A river in the Vitebsk and Minsk regions of Belarus, the left tributary of the Berezina River
Beast from Canadian coins
Furry rodent with valuable brown fur
. "fur reclamator"
For this animal, the tail is an excellent rudder, as well as an excellent regulator of body temperature.
It was this animal, considered a symbol of hard work, enterprise and peacefulness, that was depicted on the first Canadian stamp.
Forest hydro builder
tributary of the Berezina
Which animal is the best lumberjack?
Submarine carpenter
Rodent, suborder squirrels
Rodent builder with valuable fur
Rodent Lumberjack
fur animal
Rodent with white teeth
Rodent with strong teeth
Beast - "hydraulic engineer"
animal with strong teeth
Nutria - swamp ...
Strongtooth Rodent
Builds huts and dams
Hut Builder
Dam Beast
Rodent hydraulic engineer
Beast with white teeth
Animal with teeth
Nutria or swamp ...
Animal, dam builder
Fur dam builder
river rodent lumberjack
Rodent with valuable fur
lumberjack among animals
semi-aquatic rodent
Inhabitant of the hut
Fur builder of underwater huts
The beast that is kind
Fur dam builder
Rodent dam builder
. "evil" - a rodent
Builder of dams and lodges
large rodent
rodent builder
The largest rodent in Europe
What kind of rodent builds huts?
Coated River Builder
Who is a sea otter?
. "Evil" from rodents
Rodent with fin tail
Rodent - "lumberjack"
Forest lumberjack and builder
waterfowl rodent
Rodent hydraulic builder
Toothy "submariner"
fur rodent
Water "architect"
Valuable fur rodent
The Beast, the dam builder
River rodent with valuable fur
An animal from the order of rodents with valuable fur
Rodent with valuable fur
River, left tributary of the Berezina
. "Evil" from rodents
. "Evil" - a rodent
. "Fur reclamator"
beaver m. two animals are heterogeneous, of which, for the sake of distinction, it would be better to call one a beaver, the other a beaver, as others did: the river beaver, the builder beaver, Castor Fiber, which now occasionally comes across in the western bays. and in Siberia, lives in communities in Canada; it is the builder of huts and dams; sea otter, Kamchatka beaver, sea otter (river, see otter), Lutra s. Enydris marina (inappropriately named rokkun by scientists; raccoon called rakun; see also babr), delivering expensive fur to collars. They are beaten by the Kurils and Aleuts in the sea with arrows from the booths. Kill a beaver, that is, a pig instead of a beaver, dialect. about failure. What is a beaver, beaver? Dirty beaver. Beaver with a pig. To kill a beaver does not see good; changed: not to kill not to be seen. Silver beaver, with a gray, white awn. a batman from a beaver (collar) pulls my gray hair, seeing that the master is pulling it out of his head. From a beaver a beaver, from a pig a piglet. Near the beaver, do not rob, but rip everything off. All husbands are kind, they bought beavers for their wives; and my husband is clumsy: unseen, he bought a cow. The people of Kalyazin bought a pig for a beaver. All are equal beavers, I am the only sable. All beavers are kind to their beavers. Bobrenok m. young, cub, Kamch. purse; one-year-old beaver, kamch. yarets. Beaver collar. Nastya, Nastenka, red fur coat: Chernobrova herself, beaver's edge. Beaver spout, Castoreum, a pharmacy drug found in a special purse in the river beaver, like a musk deer spout in a musk deer. Beaver rutting, rutting, fishing, places where the river beaver is found and caught: once all over Russia, but now almost nowhere. Beaver Wed old beaver rut duty. Beaver, beaver, beaver. beaver meat. Bobrovka beaver hat. Bobrovnik m. old. beaver catcher; plant Spartium, beaver; plant Menyanthes trifoliata, trefoil, beaver, shamrock, troel, watch, moon, arrow, pawn. Bobrovik is also a plant. Sarothamnus scoparius, dereza, iron ore, millstone. Name herbs: iron ore, iron ore, not from iron, but from the gland, as a cure for the throat, toads (except for iron grass, rezuha, and fabulous jumping grass). Kalyazin residents of beavers (n) iki: they bought a pig for a beaver
tree dam maker
Water "architect"
Rodent - builder of underwater huts
Rodent, dam builder
Rodent "lumberjack"
Rodent- "lumberjack"
Beast - "hydraulic engineer"
Toothy "submariner"
What rodent builds huts
Which animal is the best lumberjack
Who is a sea otter
Furry animal with "engineering education"
How well do we know A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" It would seem very famous work And who hasn't read it? Maybe in in general terms it is familiar to us. And have we tried to understand it in detail? How to determine the genre of my work? It has no place in the lists of "stories", "critical articles", etc. I would define this genre as follows: 1. Literary game: detail in work of art. Or 2. Entertaining literary criticism. Or 3. Reflections on the text in the form of a game, test items.
I will ask my reader not to immediately turn to ready-made answers at the end of the test tasks, but to try to remember the lines from Pushkin's novel in verse and even arm yourself with it in case you want to join the game. After all, the answers are in the novel itself.
Literary game in questions and answers based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
Questions for the first chapter.
1. How do you understand the meaning of the word "rake"?
A. Veselchak
V.Melancholic
S. Boltun
D.Naughty
2. How many balls did Eugene Onegin's father give each year?
A. Four
At two
S.Three
D.One
3. Why did the French teacher teach Onegin the child "jokingly"?
A. So that the "child" does not know anything
B. So that the "child" does not complain about him
C. So that the "child" is not exhausted
D. In order not to get tired yourself
4. Which poet's poems did Onegin know by heart?
A. Homer
V. Theocritus
S. Virgil
D. Ovid
5. What other science, besides "gentle passion", fascinated Onegin?
A.History
B. Astronomy
C. Economics
D. Biology
6. From the fur of which animal did Onegin wear a fur coat?
A. Foxes
V. Norki
S. Beaver
D. Hare
7. What tropical fruits did Onegin order in a restaurant?
A. Bananas
B. Pineapples
S.Kiwi
D. Coconuts
8. Where and on what did the lackeys sleep, waiting for the gentlemen after the performance?
A. In the foyer on the floor
V. In the foyer on the benches
S. At the entrance to the fur coats
D. In carriages on seats
9. Who did Onegin imitate in clothes?
A. Chaadaev
V. Pushkin
S. Vyazemsky
D. Delvig
10. How much time did Onegin spend in front of mirrors before going out into the world?
A.One hour
B. Two hours
C. Three hours
D.Four hours
11. How was the noble houses outside illuminated on holidays in winter?
A.Lanterns
V. Candles
S. Kostrami
D.Bowls
12. What signal woke up the inhabitants of Onegin Petersburg in the morning?
A. Cock crow
B. Drumbeat
C. Shot from a cannon
D. Soldier's horn
13.Name famous street Petersburg of the Onegin era:
A. Millonnaya
V.Sotaya
S. Tysyachnaya
D. Tenth
A. To the Caucasus
V. To Germany
N.to France
D. To Africa
15. What does Pushkin call the mind of a lover?
A. Svetly
V. Temny
S. Anxious
D. Sublime
Answers on questions.
1.D. - "The Rake" is a naughty. (Dictionary of V. Dahl.) "Thus thought the young rake, Flying in the dust on the mail ..."
2.S. - "Gave three balls every year And finally squandered."
3.S.- "So that the child is not exhausted, He taught him everything jokingly ..."
4.S. - "Yes, I remembered, at least not without sin, two verses from the Aeneid." The Aeneid is a poem by the Roman poet Virgil.
5.S. "But I read Adam Smith And there was a deep economy ..." Adam Smith is an English economist.
6.S. - "His beaver collar silvers with frosty dust."
7.V.-"... Between Limburg live cheese And golden pineapple".
8.S. - "Still tired lackeys Sleep on fur coats at the entrances ..."
9.A. - "Second Chadaev, my Evgeny In his clothes was a pedant ..."
10.S.-"He spent at least three hours in front of the mirrors..."
11.D. - "Dotted with bowls all around Shines a magnificent house." Bowls - flat jars with oil and wicks. Dictionary of V. Dahl.
12.V. - "And restless Petersburg Already awakened by the drum."
13.A. - "Yes, a distant knock sounded from Millionne suddenly."
14.D.-"Onegin was ready to see with me alien countries..." "Under the sky of my Africa To sigh about gloomy Russia"...
15.V.-"Love passed, muse appeared And the dark mind cleared up..."
Reviews
Leo, thank you for your attention to my work.
I can’t say that the modern Russian language began precisely with this work. Russian literature, but the fact that we can’t wait for such books (not in terms of plot, but in terms of coverage of Russian reality with all its problems) is probably a fact. Of course modern developed person must go through the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" in order to become the bearer of Russian literary culture in all its original depth.
Reading the first chapter of Pushkin's novel in verse "Eugene Onegin", we all the time feel the presence of the author. By the beginning of work on the novel, A. Pushkin was only 24 years old. Both of them, the author and his hero, are young, belong to the same society of brilliant secular youth.
The poet depicts himself and his hero, Eugene, in the margins of the manuscript of the novel in verse. We see Onegin in the drawing by A. Pushkin in a fashionable wide-brimmed bolivar hat, standing at the granite parapet of the Palace Embankment.
And yet, A. Pushkin notes,
"I'm always glad to see the difference
Between Onegin and me.
This difference is revealed to the reader gradually, and the further, the more convincingly. And if at the beginning of the novel Onegin is "my good friend", then closer to his finale - only "a strange companion."
The route of Onegin's one day in the novel is in many ways similar to the places where A. Pushkin used to be a regular. We will also follow the memorable Pushkin-Onegin places.
“Having put on a wide bolivar,
Onegin goes to the boulevard
And there he walks in the open,
Until the dormant breguet
Lunch won't ring for him."
This boulevard, where Yevgeny flaunts, was the vast Admiralteisky Boulevard-Promenade, stretching along the Admiralty. Nevsky Prospekt was also called the Boulevard in Pushkin's time. Until 1820, a boulevard was laid in the middle of the avenue, reaching the Anichkov Bridge across the Fontanka River (at that time the bridge was still without Klodt's sculptures, four stone towers served as its decoration). On both sides of the boulevard often arranged in winter time sledding.
“It’s already dark: he sits in a sled,
"Dip, drop!" - there was a cry;
Frost dust silver
His beaver collar.
He rushed to Talon: he is sure
What is Kaverin waiting for him there?
"Talon" is a well-known restaurant in St. Petersburg by the skillful French chef Pierre Talon. The trendy restaurant was located on the corner of Nevsky Prospekt and the Moika Embankment (15 Nevsky Prospekt) in a house with spectacular facades decorated with columns. The Talon restaurant apparently occupied several floors. This house was built in 1768 on the site of the wooden palace of Empress Elizabeth. The first owner of the house was Chief of Police Chicherin, and then the house passed to Prince Kurakin, then to the rich farmer Peretz, after which the Kosikovsky family of merchants became the owners of the house. Unlike Peretz, who supplied the treasury mainly with salt (“Where there is salt, there is Petertz,” they laughed in St. Petersburg), the Kosikovsky merchants made a fortune on speculation with bread. The merchant capital of the Kosikovskys increases many times as soon as the Kosikovskys rent out part of the premises of the house for meetings, all kinds of entertainment and dancing. This is how the Talon restaurant was born.
It should be noted that the Talon restaurant was due to high prices available to few. The very names of the dishes mentioned by A. Pushkin speak for themselves:
"Before him, the roast-beef is bloody,
And truffles, the luxury of youth,
French cuisine best color,
Imperishable pie from Strasbourg
Between live Limburg cheese
And golden pineapple.
In 1825, Pierre Talon left for France. The name of the new owner of the restaurant was Faliet. A note by A. Pushkin, addressed to the Faleta restaurant, with a request to release liver pate into the house, has been preserved. From the house on Moika, 12, Pushkin's apartment, it was a 10-minute walk to Faleta. It must be assumed that Pushkin was familiar with both the first and second owners of the restaurant on Nevsky.
But the house of Kosikovsky was known to Pushkin not only in connection with the location of the Talon restaurant. On the fourth floor of the same house was the famous Plushard printing house. Here in 1831 Belkin's Tales were printed.
Let's get back to our hero. After staying at a famous restaurant
"The theater is an evil legislator,
Fickle Admirer
charming actresses,
Honorary citizen backstage,
Onegin flew to the theatre.
We can well assume the path that Onegin followed to the Bolshoi Stone Theater. First, along Bolshaya Morskaya Street, then past St. Isaac's Cathedral, which was then only under construction according to the project of O. Montferrand, along the Moika River embankment, across the Kissing Bridge, to Theater Square. On Theater Square, in front of the majestic building of the theater, decorated with an eight-column portico, Onegin's sleigh stops.
The appearance of the Theater Square of Pushkin's time is generally close modern look area. With one exception: there is no Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, where Eugene went. On the site of the theater building, using its foundations, the building of the Conservatory was built in the second half of the 19th century.
The drawing by the artist V. Patterson allows us to vividly recreate the view of the Theater Square of Pushkin's time. In the depths of the square, the domes of St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral are easily recognizable. And the area itself is depicted in one of winter evenings. Judging by the carriages standing on the square, it is not yet 9 pm, when, as usual, performances in the Bolshoi Stone Theater end. Structures in the form of pavilions on the square are “heaters”, places for warming, where a fire was usually kindled and warmed up in anticipation of the owners of the coachman.
“Still, vegetating, the horses are fighting,
Bored with your harness,
And the coachmen, around the sleigh,
They scold the gentlemen and beat them in the palm of their hands ... "
familiar building Mariinsky Theater not on the square yet. It will be built only 77 years after the opening of the Bolshoi Theater in 1783. There is also no building of the Conservatory. In its place is the building of the Bolshoi Theatre.
The performance starts at half past six. Our hero is late. Carelessly tossing a heavy fur coat with a beaver collar into the footman's hands, Onegin runs up the marble steps and enters the theater hall.
“The theater is already full; lodges shine;
Parterre and chairs - everything is in full swing;
In heaven they splash impatiently,
And, having risen, the curtain rustles.
The theater hall could accommodate up to 2,000 people. The boxes of the first tiers, the chairs of the parterre were distinguished by rich draperies. Here were places for the highest Petersburg society. As a rule, lodges were subscribed by private individuals for the whole season.
The seats behind the armchairs where Onegin makes his way, bowing to his acquaintances along the way, are filled mainly with noble youth. A special spirit reigns here, passions boil, bold remarks are heard. Onegin could meet Pushkin here, and Katenin, a brilliant guardsman and playwright, and Griboyedov, and Kaverin. Yes, the same Kaverin who was supposed to meet Onegin in Talon.
Behind the stalls there are standing places. Just like on the upper tier, where a ticket costs three times cheaper than in the stalls, they are filled with students and petty employees. And at the very top - the district - the most democratic part of the public. She starts to applaud when the representatives high society only open lorgnettes.
“In paradise they are impatiently splashing,
And, having risen, the curtain makes a noise!
It can be argued that The Bolshoi Theatre was a characteristic social section of the Russian society of the Pushkin era.
In Pushkin's time, during one evening, several small and diverse performances were given: ballet, drama, comedy. All of these diverse genres could be presented on the same stage one after the other. The first performance was given "to warm up" the public and the congress of guests. Therefore, the fact that Onegin enters the hall already during the performance is quite acceptable.
What was the theatrical repertoire?
"Magic land! There in the old days
Satyrs are a bold ruler,
Fonvizin shone, friend of freedom,
And the capricious Knyazhnin;
There Ozerov involuntary tribute
People's tears, applause
I shared with the young Semyonova.
The great Russian actress - Ekaterina Semyonova - was called "the sovereign queen of the tragic scene." To realize the magnitude of her talent as a tragic actress, we think it is enough for us to recall A.S. Pushkin: “Speaking of Russian tragedy, you are talking about Semyonova, and maybe only about her,” as well as the fact that A. Pushkin gave her a copy of “Boris Godunov” with a dedicatory inscription.
Another name of the actress is mentioned by the poet in "Eugene Onegin". This is Istomina.
"Brilliant, half-air,
obedient to the magic bow,
Surrounded by a crowd of nymphs
It is worth Istomin ... "
The incomparable ballerina Evdokia Istomina was a student of the famous choreographer Didelot. She first performed the roles of the Circassian and Lyudmila in Didlo's ballets " Prisoner of the Caucasus"and" Ruslan and Lyudmila ". On an old miniature, where Istomina is about twenty years old, angelically Beautiful face, luxurious curls falling from the shoulders. A swarm of admirers swirled around the graceful, little Istomina, among whom was A.S. Pushkin.
But Onegin does not touch the art of Istomina, the magic of Didelot's ballets. He is bored in the theater, where Pushkin's youth passed "under the shadow of the curtains".
“I endured ballets for a long time,
But I'm tired of Didlo."
All lines of admiration for the theater come from the author, not from the hero. It is possible that it is precisely from these lines that a strip of alienation arises between Pushkin and Onegin.
Onegin's day is drawing to a close. After the theater "he goes home to get dressed." The hero spends a lot of time in his office in front of a mirror... The rest of the evening is at the ball.
Judging by the description, the ball takes place in one of the magnificent mansions on the Promenade des Anglais.
“What about my Onegin? half asleep
In bed from the ball he rides:
And Petersburg is restless
Already awakened by the drum.
The merchant gets up, the peddler goes,
A cabman is pulling to the stock exchange,
Okhtinka is in a hurry with a jug,
Beneath it, the morning snow crunches.
The shutters are open; pipe smoke
A column rises blue,
And a baker, a neat German,
In a paper cap, more than once
I have already opened my vasisdas.”
In German, "vas ist das" means "what is this?" On the outskirts of the city there were small bakeries, as a rule, with one window, through the window of which the German bakers released hot bread. In French, "window" sounds like "vasista". The expression seems to have come from a mixture of French and German.
The aimlessness of the day spent by Onegin is precisely highlighted against the backdrop of the awakening working day of the artisans.
"Wakes up at noon, and again
Until tomorrow, his life is ready,
Monotonous and variegated
And tomorrow is the same as yesterday.
Test based on the novel "Eugene Onegin" by Pushkin
1. To what literary genre refers to the work of A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
a) a poem b) a novel c) a novel in verse d) an elegy
2. In what city was Onegin born?
a) Moscow b) Petersburg c) Pskov d) Smolensk
3. Name the headdress of Eugene Onegin named after the monetary unit.
a) Hat b) Top hat c) Kepi d) Bolivar
4. What was the name of Lensky
a) Vasily b) Alexander c) Vladimir
5. Who was E. Onegin known among the neighbors because of the replacement of corvée with dues?
a) a real gentleman b) a fashionable dandy c) the most dangerous eccentric d) a fashionable eccentric
6. To what literary direction should include the novel "Eugene Onegin"?
a) sentimentalism b) romanticism c) realism d) classicism
7. Whose portrait is given in the following passage: "Always modest, always obedient,
Always, like the morning, cheerful, Like the life of a poet is simple-hearted, Like a kiss of love, sweet ...
Eyes like the sky, blue, Smile, linen curls...
a) Tatyana Larina b) Olga Larina
8. About which of the heroes of the novel are these lines:
Gave three balls annually
And finally screwed up.
a) about Onegin b) about Tatyana's father c) about Onegin's father
9. Why do Larins go to Moscow?
a) to visit Tatyana's sick aunt b) to Olga's wedding c) to the “bride fair”
10. Where did Onegin meet Tatyana Larina?
a) at a ball in St. Petersburg b) at the Larins' house c) at Lensky's house d) at a party in Moscow
11. Who does Tatyana Larina marry at the end of the novel?
a) for a merchant b) for a diplomat c) for a general d) for a scientist
12. With whom does Onegin dance the mazurka and cotillon at Tatyana's name day?
a) with Tatiana b) with Olga c) with Tatiana's mother d) with Tatiana's aunt
13. Indicate what method of characterizing the hero the author uses in the following lines:
Eyes like the sky, blue
Smile, linen curls,
Movements, voice, light step ... (Chapter 2, stanza 23)
a) portrait b) landscape c) interior d) detail
14. What university did Lensky graduate from?
a) Moscow b) Goettingen c) Sorbonne d) Cambridge
15. Where does Onegin deliver his confession to Tatyana?
a) in the Larins' garden b) at the Larins' ball c) in Onegin's garden d) in Tatyana's room
16. What is the name of Tatyana Larina's sister?
a) Praskovya b) Polina c) Alina d) Olga
17. What collar (fur coat) does Eugene Onegin wear?
a) arctic fox b) fox c) sable d) beaver
18. In what language does Tatyana write a letter to Onegin?
a) in Russian b) in English c) in French d) in Italian
19. Where it happens last meeting Onegin and Tatyana?
a) in Onegin's office b) in the theater c) in Tatyana's room d) at the ball
20. What class does Tatyana Larina's family belong to?
a) noblemen b) tradesmen c) merchants
21. How many lines are in the Onegin stanza?
1) 4; 2) 6; 3) 14; 4) 13.
22. What comparison did Pushkin not use when opposing Onegin and
Lensky?
a) wave and stone b) poetry and prose c) ice and fire d) earth and sky
