The main stages of Bulgakov's life briefly. Other biography options

A concise description of Bulgakov's life can briefly explain the phenomenon brilliant writer passed through all life difficulties and trials, while remaining a real humanist. Mikhail Afanasyevich is the author of more than 170 works, including novels, plays, feuilletons, essays, stories, novellas, theatrical performances. Dry facts from his life can be found in Wikipedia, textbooks, the biography of the writer is well studied, but only in his work life realism, adorned with satire and humor, is revealed.

To understand what kind of person Mikhail Bulgakov is, one should understand his origin. Appeared future writer was born on May 15, 1891 in Kyiv in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich and Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakov, a teacher at the Theological Academy, state councilor and daughter of an archpriest. A large family, where, in addition to Mikhail, six more children were growing up, there were enough funds for a comfortable existence.

Varvara Mikhailovna, a refined intellectual who instilled in children a love for art, music, and reading, was engaged in raising children. Even the untimely death of the father of the family did not prevent the future author from graduating from the First Alexander Gymnasium, the cradle of the Kyiv intelligentsia.

In 1909, Bulgakov entered the Medical Faculty of Kyiv University. In the works "Fatal Eggs" one can trace the author's sympathy for professors Persikov and Filipp Filippovich for a reason, since Bulgakov was a doctor by profession.

Years of wars and revolutions

According to information about Bulgakov from Wikipedia, in 1913 his personal life improved. The future author married Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa, the daughter of a nobleman.

The newlyweds settled in a rented apartment on Andreevsky Spusk, loved to visit theatrical plays, premieres, musical concerts. Several times the young man went to Chaliapin's concerts. In the work of Bulgakov, an interesting fact was that the features of Chaliapin's Mephistopheles were reflected in Woland, the hero last novel writer.

In 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, Mikhail went to the front, to serve what he was by education - a doctor. The future author served in the field hospital until the autumn of 1916.

Returning from the front, Bulgakov went to the Smolensk province to take up the post of head of a rural hospital in Nikolino, Sychevsky district. A year later, the doctor was sent to serve as the head of the infectious and venereological department of a hospital in the city of Vyazma.

According to documents from the archive of the Zemstvo Council, the young man showed himself to be a good doctor, as evidenced by the facts:

• in the reception log total patients amounted to 15 thousand;
• all surgical operations performed by Bulgakov were successful.

Bulgakov's life and work was influenced by February Revolution. The writer described this event verbatim as follows: “Suddenly, history came menacingly.” After the events October revolution the doctor was exempted from military service and was able to return to Kyiv, where he was overwhelmed by a wave of civil war. Power changed constantly, and each needed the services of a good doctor. So Mikhail Afanasyevich served in the following armies:

1. Hetman Skoropadsky;
2. Petlyura, leader of the nationalist movement;
3. In the Red Army;
4. In the troops of Denikin.

Experienced events from Bulgakov's biography were briefly reflected in the "White Guard", in the stories "Raid" and "On the night of the 3rd", in "Days of the Turbins", in "Running". To understand the historical situation of those times, it is worth reading these works.

White Guard

Creation

Wikipedia claims that at the end of 1919 or at the beginning of 1920, Bulgakov's life changed dramatically: he left the ranks of Denikin's army. good doctor changed his medical practice, then who Bulgakov was in his main profession and education, and began to collaborate as an author in local newspapers. The first works of the writer were included in the collection "Tribute of Admiration" and were published in the spring of 1920 in local newspapers in the North Caucasus.

Interesting! The writer's sister recalled that Mikhail Bulgakov began writing in his first year of study at the university - the story was called "The Fire Serpent". This is a story about a man who is addicted to alcohol.

Staying in the Caucasus, authorbegan to defendherlegacyeclassics, entering into controversy withfiguresculturethose times. As a result, he was expelled from the sub-department of arts in the fall of 1920. Bulgakov was left without a job and without a livelihood. In the spring of 1921, the life of an aspiring writer was changed by the successful dramatization of the play The Sons of Mullah. At young man there was an opportunity to move to Tiflis, and then to Batumi.

Moving to Moscow

In the autumn of 1921, Bulgakov decided to move to Moscow. For two months, Mikhail Afanasyevich worked as the secretary of the literary department of the Main Committee of Education, then he was left without work. Attempts to cooperate in private newspapers were not crowned with success.

The time of unemployment ended in the spring of 1922 - the author began to publish regularly on the pages of Moscow newspapers and magazines.

Chronological table of Bulgakov by works:

The crowning achievement of Mikhail Afanasyevich is the brilliant novel The Master and Margarita. Written over 10 years, a must-read, because it contains the entire life experience of the writer, conveys his vision of the meaning of life.

Useful Video: Documentary A Romance with a Secret

Years of criticism and persecution

Hstarting from 1914 authorlived hard years life, seen many wars, injustice, cruelty, but always remained an adherent of universal human values, he tried to convey them to people in his work. In the 1920s, Bulgakov's position was condemned. The works of Mikhail Afanasyevich were banned, not published and not staged on the theater stage.

In 1929 the attacks of the critics reached their apogee. The plays "Days of the Turbins", "Crimson Island" and the comedy "Zoyka's Apartment" were removed from the stage play. new play Molière was banned by the Glavrepertkom in the spring of 1930. Then Mikhail Bulgakov briefly wrote a letter to the government with a request to travel abroad because of the impossibility of existing in his homeland. Soon Stalin called him. So the writer, a doctor by education, was appointed to the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.

In 1932, the showings of "Days of the Turbins" were resumed, the play " dead souls» according to Gogol. In 1936, the author moved from the Art Theater to the Bolshoi as a librettist.

In 1924, there were changes in Bulgakov's personal life - he divorced Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa and married Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya. And in 1932 he divorced his second wife and entered into a third marriage with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who took her husband's surname. It was her image that became the prototype of Margarita from the novel. Shilovskaya saved the author from loneliness in last years his life, and after his death she achieved the publication of the main works of the writer.

Bulgakov made his last attempt to publish his work in 1933 (the play The Life of Monsieur de Molière) and failed. Until his death on March 10, 1940, the master was no longer published. Before his death, Bulgakov went blind, doctors diagnosed hereditary kidney disease, from which Mikhail Afanasyevich's father died. final version The novel "The Master and Margarita" was completed by Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova under the dictation of the writer, who did not even see the draft of his work.

The autobiography is collected in several of his works “To a Secret Friend”, “Notes on the Cuffs”, “Notes of a Young Doctor”, in “Molière”, in the “White Guard”. These creations help to look into inner world writer, to see through his eyes the historical situation of that time.

To better understand who Mikhail Afanasyevich is, you should know that having a reputation as a semi-disgraced writer, he wrote to Stalin, asking not for himself, but for others. So, he asked for the arrested son and husband of Anna Akhmatova, for the exiled friend Nikolai Erdman.

Interesting! After meeting Elena Sergeevna in 1929, the author dedicated the unfinished story "Secret Friend" to her. The work describes Bulgakov's years of life in Moscow and work on the novel The White Guard. A kind of autobiography loved one, which could not be connected at the time.

Useful video: 10 Facts Mikhail Bulgakov

Conclusion

Who was Bulgakov? A writer who was rooting for a person, whether it be an outstanding Master or an unremarkable clerk. Mikhail Afanasyevich did not perceive literature with abstract pain and suffering, unreal heroes passing by the truth of life. Mysticism in works for Bulgakov - literary device shading reality in a satirical light, showing negative features modern life. With his work, he showed genuine humanism, close to us today.

Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 3 (15), 1891 in Kyiv in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov (1859-1907), an associate professor at the Kyiv Theological Academy, and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya) (1869-1922). There were seven children in the family: Mikhail (1891 - 1940), Vera (1892-1972), Nadezhda (1893 - 1971), Varvara (1895-1954), Nikolai (1898-1966), Ivan (1900-1969) and Elena ( 1902-1954). In 1909, Mikhail Bulgakov graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University. In 1916 he received a doctor's degree and was sent to work in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk Province, then worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma. In 1915, Bulgakov enters into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa (1892-1982).

During the civil war in February 1919, Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, but deserted almost immediately. In the same year, he manages to visit a doctor of the Red Cross, and then - in the White Guard Armed Forces of the South of Russia. For some time he Cossack troops spends in Chechnya, then in Vladikavkaz.

At the end of September 1921, Bulgakov moved to Moscow and began to collaborate as a feuilletonist with the capital's newspapers ("Gudok", "Worker") and magazines (" medical worker”,“ Russia ”,“ Revival ”). At the same time he publishes individual works in the newspaper Nakanune, published in Berlin. From 1922 to 1926, more than 120 reports, essays and feuilletons by Bulgakov were published in Gudok.

In 1923 Bulgakov joined the All-Russian Union of Writers. In 1924, he met Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya (1898-1987), who had recently returned from abroad, and who soon became his new wife.

In 1928, Bulgakov traveled with Lyubov Evgenievna to the Caucasus, visiting Tiflis, Batum, Zeleny Mys, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes. The premiere of the play Crimson Island is taking place in Moscow this year. Bulgakov came up with the idea of ​​a novel later called “The Master and Margarita” (a number of researchers of Bulgakov’s work note the influence of the Austrian writer Gustav Meyrink in the design and writing of this novel, in particular, we can talk about the inspiration of such novels of the latter as “The Golem”, which Bulgakov read translated by D. Vygodsky, and "The Green Face"). The writer also begins work on a play about Molière ("The Cabal of Saints").

In 1929, Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, his future third wife.

In 1930, Bulgakov's works ceased to be printed, the plays were withdrawn from the theater repertoire. Prohibited from staging the play "Running", "Zoyka's apartment", "Crimson Island", the play "Days of the Turbins" was withdrawn from the repertoire. In 1930, Bulgakov wrote to his brother Nikolai in Paris about the unfavorable literary and theatrical situation and the difficult financial situation. At the same time, he writes a letter to the Government of the USSR with a request to determine his fate - either to give the right to emigrate, or to provide the opportunity to work at the Moscow Art Theater. Bulgakov receives a call from Joseph Stalin, who recommends that the playwright ask to be enrolled in the Moscow Art Theater. In 1930 Bulgakov worked in Central theater working youth (TRAM). From 1930 to 1936 - at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director, on the stage of which in 1932 he staged "Dead Souls" by Nikolai Gogol. From 1936 he worked at the Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator.

In 1936 Bulgakov's Molière premiered at the Moscow Art Theater. In 1937, Bulgakov worked on the libretto "Minin and Pozharsky" and "Peter I".

In 1939, Bulgakov worked on the libretto "Rachel", as well as on a play about Stalin ("Batum"). Contrary to the writer's expectations, the play was banned from publication and staging. Bulgakov's health is deteriorating sharply. Doctors diagnose him with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. The writer begins to dictate to Elena Sergeevna the latest versions of the novel The Master and Margarita.

Since February 1940, friends and relatives have been constantly on duty at the bedside of Bulgakov, who suffers from kidney disease. March 10, 1940 Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died. On March 11, a civil memorial service was held in the building of the Union Soviet writers. Before the memorial service, the Moscow sculptor SD Merkurov removes the death mask from Bulgakov's face.

Russian writer. Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 15 (old style - May 3), 1891 in Kyiv, in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and Varvara Mikhailovna (nee - Pokrovskaya). The name of the eldest son and the future writer was given in honor of the guardian of the city of Kyiv, Archangel Michael. Later, the following were born in the Bulgakov family: Vera (1892), Nadezhda (1895), Varvara (1895), Nikolai (1898), Ivan (1900), Elena (1902).

On August 18, 1900, Mikhail Bulgakov entered the preparatory class of the Second Kyiv Gymnasium, and on August 22, 1901, he entered the first class of the First Kyiv Men's Alexander Gymnasium. On March 14, 1907, Mikhail Bulgakov's father died of nephrosclerosis. In May 1909, Bulgakov graduated from the First Alexander Gymnasium, and on August 21 he was enrolled as a student at the medical faculty of Kyiv University. On April 26, 1915, the wedding of Mikhail Bulgakov with Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa, the daughter of the manager of the Treasury Chamber, whom Mikhail met back in 1908, took place in the Kiev-Podolsk Church of St. Nicholas the Good (the Saratov high school student came to Kyiv for the holidays).

Back in the summer of 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War on July 19, Bulgakov took part in organizing an infirmary for the wounded at the Treasury Chamber in Saratov and worked there as a doctor. In April-May 1915, he applied to serve as a doctor in the naval department, but was declared unfit for military service for health reasons. After receiving permission from the rector of the university, on May 18, Bulgakov went to work at the Kyiv military hospital in Pechersk. In May-September 1916 he worked as a doctor in the front-line hospitals in Kamenetz-Podolsk and Chernivtsi. On July 16, he was enrolled as a "reserve doctor of the Moscow Military Sanitary Administration" for secondment at the disposal of the Smolensk governor in order to work in the zemstvos. October 31, 1916 at Kiev University, Mikhail Bulgakov received a diploma of approval "in the degree of a doctor with honors with all the rights and benefits, laws Russian Empire assigned to this degree."

From the summer of 1917, Bulgakov began to regularly use morphine: after he was forced to vaccinate himself against diphtheria, fearing infection due to a tracheotomy in a sick child, the severe itching began to drown out with morphine; as a result, drug use has become a habit. On September 18, 1917, Bulgakov, who received a certificate from the Sychevsk district zemstvo council stating that he "has proven himself to be an energetic and tireless worker," was transferred to the Vyazemsky city zemstvo hospital as head of the infectious and venereal department. In the autumn of 1917, Mikhail Bulgakov began work on a series of autobiographical stories about medical practice at the Nikolskaya hospital. In December 1917, he first came to Moscow, staying with his uncle, the famous Moscow doctor N.M. Pokrovsky (the prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky from the story "Heart of a Dog").

On February 19, 1918, Bulgakov was released from military service due to illness and returned to Kyiv with his wife at the end of the month. In the spring of 1918, with the help of his mother's second husband, doctor Ivan Pavlovich Voskresensky, Mikhail Bulgakov got rid of morphine addiction and opened a private practice as a venereologist. In early February 1919, as a military doctor, he was mobilized into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and on the night of February 3, when the Ukrainian troops retreated from Kyiv, he successfully deserted. At the end of August 1919, according to one version, Bulgakov was mobilized into the Red Army as a military doctor; On October 14-16, together with units of the Red Army, he returned to Kyiv and, during street fighting, went over to the side of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (according to another version, he was captured by them) and became a military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment. In November, as a military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment, Bulgakov took part in the campaign against Chechen-aul and Shali-aul against the rebellious Chechens. From the beginning of December, he worked at a military hospital in Vladikavkaz. At the end of December, Mikhail Bulgakov leaves his service in the hospital and stops practicing medicine. From that moment on, he began to professionally engage in literature - he worked as a journalist in local newspapers ("Kavkazskaya Gazeta", "Kavkaz"). The first publication of Bulgakov took place on November 26, 1919 in the Grozny newspaper (the feuilleton "Future Prospects" was published with the initials M.B.).

He moved to Moscow in 1921. He served as secretary of the Main Political Education Department under the People's Commissariat for Education. In 1921-1926, he collaborated with the Moscow editorial office of the Berlin newspaper Nakanune, publishing essays about the life of Moscow in it, with the newspapers Gudok, Rabochiy, the magazine Medical Worker (published Notes of a Young Doctor), Rossiya, "Renaissance" (published "Notes on the Cuffs" and the novel "The White Guard"). The first collection of satirical stories, Diaboliad (1925), caused controversy in the press. In 1926, Bulgakov's play "Days of the Turbins" was staged at the Moscow Art Theater, in 1926-1929 at the Theater Studio of Evg. Vakhtangov, Bulgakov's play "Zoyka's Apartment" was on, in 1928-1929 "Crimson Island" was rehearsed at the Moscow Chamber Theater. Literary criticism late 20s. negatively assessed the work of Bulgakov. By 1930, his works were not published, the plays were removed from the theater repertoire. In 1930 he worked at the Central Theater of Working Youth (TRAM). 1930-1936 - at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director, on the stage of which in 1932 he staged " Dead Souls"N.V. Gogol. Since 1936 - at the Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator. He died on March 10, 1940 in Moscow. He was buried at Novodevichy cemetery.

From "Letter to the Government of the USSR" by Mikhail Bulgakov dated March 28, 1930: "After analyzing my scrapbooks, I found in the press of the USSR for ten years of my literary work 301 reviews about me. Of these: commendable - there were 3, hostilely abusive - 298. [...] They wrote "about Bulgakov, who was what he was, and will remain, a new-bourgeois offspring, splashing poisoned, but powerless saliva on the working class and its communist ideals" ( Koms. pravda, 14/X-1926). [...] I do not prove with documents in my hands that the entire press of the USSR, and together with it all the institutions entrusted with the control of the repertoire, during all the years of my literary work unanimously and with extraordinary fury proved that the works of Mikhail Bulgakov in The USSR cannot exist. And I declare that the press of the USSR is absolutely right. [...] I ASK THE GOVERNMENT OF THE USSR TO ORDER ME TO LEAVE THE LIMITS OF THE USSR ASAP, ACCOMPANIED BY MY WIFE LYUBOV EVGENEVNA BULGAKOVA. I appeal to humanity Soviet power and I ask me, a writer who cannot be useful at home, in the fatherland, to generously set me free. If, however, what I wrote is unconvincing, and I am doomed to lifelong silence in the USSR, I ask the Soviet Government to give me a job in my specialty and send me to the theater to work as a full-time director. I specifically and precisely and emphatically ask for a categorical secondment order, because all my attempts to find work in the only area where I can be useful to the USSR as an exceptionally qualified specialist have failed completely. My name has been made so odious that job offers from my side have met with fright [...] I ask for my appointment as a laboratory director in the 1st Art Theater- in best school, headed by masters K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. If I am not appointed as a director, I am asking for a full-time position as an extra. If it is impossible to be an extra, I ask for the position of a stage worker. If this is also impossible, I ask the Soviet Government to deal with me as it sees fit, but to do something, because I, a playwright who wrote 5 plays, known in the USSR and abroad, has this moment- poverty, street and death.

Among the works are plays, novels, short stories, feuilletons, essays: Sketches of a Zemstvo Doctor (1919; an early edition of the cycle Notes of a Young Doctor), Self-Defense (1920; humorous play in one act; premiere - June 4 1920 on the stage of the First Soviet theater Vladikavkaz), "The Turbine Brothers ("The hour has struck"; 1920; drama; premiere - October 21, 1920 at the First Soviet Theater of Vladikavkaz), "Crimson Island" (1924, staged in 1928, comedy), "The Devil" (1925, a collection of satirical stories ), "Fatal Eggs" (1925, published in 1987, satirical fantasy story), "The Heart of a Dog" (1925, published in 1987, a satirical fantasy story), "Notes of a Young Doctor" (1925-1926), "The White Guard" (1925-1927, novel), "Days of the Turbins" (1925-1927, a play based on the novel The White Guard, staged in 1926), Stories (1926, a collection of satirical stories and feuilletons), A Treatise on Life (1926, a collection of satirical stories and feuilletons), Zoya's Apartment (staged in 1926, comedy), "Running" (1926-1928, the play was staged in 1957), "The Master and Margarita" (1929-1940, published in 1966 - 1967, philosophical novel), "The Cabal of the Saints" ("Molière", 1930-1936, staged in 1943, historical drama), "The Life of Monsieur de Molière" (1932-1933, published 1962, biographical story), "The Last Days" ("Pushkin", 1934-1935, staged 1943, historical drama), "Theatrical Romance" ("Notes of a Dead Man", 1936-1937, published in 1965, not finished, ironic paraphrase of the history of the Moscow Art Theater of the 1920s years).

Sources of information:

Bulgakov Encyclopedia - www.bulgakov.ru

Project "Russia congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru

1891 , May 3 (15) - was born in Kyiv in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee - Pokrovskaya).

1901 , August 22 - enters the first class of the First (Aleksandrovskaya) Kyiv gymnasium.

1909 - graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University.

1913 - enters into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa (1892-1982).

1916 , October 31 - received a doctor's degree, was sent to work in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk province., Then he worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma.
December - a trip to Moscow.

1918 - returned to Kyiv, where he began private practice as a venereologist in a house on Andreevsky Descent.
December - events take place in Kyiv, later described in the novel "The White Guard".

1919 , February - mobilized as a military doctor in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Mobilized in white Armed forces South of Russia and was appointed military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment.
November 26 - the first publication of M. A. Bulgakov: the feuilleton "Future Prospects" in the newspaper "Grozny".

1920 , January 18 - publication of the feuilleton "In the cafe" in the "Kavkazskaya Gazeta".
February 15 - the first issue of the newspaper "Kavkaz" is published, with Bulgakov becoming an employee.
End of February - Bulgakov falls ill with relapsing fever and remains in Vladikavkaz, captured by the Red Army.
Beginning of April - goes to work as the head of the literary section of the sub-department of arts in the Vladikavkaz Revolutionary Committee (since the end of May he has been in charge of the theater section).
October 21 - premiere of the play "The Turbine Brothers".

1921 , end of June - leaves for Batum. Acquaintance with O. E. Mandelstam.
End of September - moves to Moscow and begins to cooperate as a feuilletonist with the capital's newspapers ("Gudok", "Worker") and magazines ("Medical Worker", "Russia", "Vozrozhdeniye").
Publishes individual works in the newspaper "On the Eve", published in Berlin.
November-December - acquaintance with the typist I. S. Raaben (nee Count Kamenskaya), to whom Bulgakov dictates the first part of Notes on the Cuffs.

1922 , March - works as a reporter in the newspaper "Worker" and in the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Air Force Academy.
Beginning of April - works as a letter processor for the Gudok newspaper.
June 18 - chapters from the story "Notes on the Cuffs" are published in the Literary Supplement to the Berlin newspaper "On the Eve".
October - Bulgakov becomes a feuilletonist in Gudok with a salary of 200 million rubles. Takes part in the activities of the literary circle "Green Lamp".
November - Bulgakov's failed attempt to compile a "Dictionary of Russian Writers" and an announcement on this subject in the Berlin "New Russian Book" lead to the fact that the author comes to the attention of the OGPU.

1923 - joins the All-Russian Union of Writers.
End of May - Bulgakov's acquaintance with Alexei Tolstoy.

1924 - meets Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya (1895-1987), who recently returned from abroad, who in 1925 became his wife.
October - Bulgakov and his wife move to Obukhov Lane. Acquaintance with the prechistensky circle.
The end of December - the first part of the novel "White Guard" is published in the fourth issue of the Rossiya magazine.

1925 , January - publication of the story "La Boheme", the beginning of work on the story "Heart of a Dog".
February - publication of the story "Fatal Eggs" in the sixth issue of the almanac "Nedra".
March 7 - reads "Heart of a Dog" at Nikitinsky subbotniks, which results in a detailed report of a secret informer in the OGPU about the content of the story and the reaction of the public to it.
April 3 - Bulgakov receives an invitation to collaborate with the Moscow Art Theater.
End of April - the second part of the novel "White Guard" is published in the fifth issue of the magazine "Russia".
June - early July - M. A. Bulgakov and L. E. Belozerskaya rest in Koktebel at the invitation of M. A. Voloshin.
Summer - work on the play "The White Guard".
September 1 - reading of the first version of the play to Stanislavsky in his apartment.
September 11 - Bulgakov receives the news that the story "Heart of a Dog" was rejected by L. B. Kamenev.

1926 , January - the conclusion of an agreement with the studio of E. B. Vakhtangov for the play "Zoyka's Apartment"; conclusion of an agreement with the Moscow Chamber Theater for the play "Crimson Island".
May 7 - The OGPU conducts a search at Bulgakov's, as a result of which the manuscript of the story "Heart of a Dog" and personal diary writer.
Since October, the play "Days of the Turbins" has been staged at the Moscow Art Theater with great success. Her production was allowed only for a year, but later extended several times. The play was liked by I. Stalin, who watched it more than 14 times.
At the end of October at the Theater. Vakhtangov, the premiere of the play based on the play by M. A. Bulgakov "Zoyka's Apartment" was a great success.
In the Soviet press, an intense and sharp criticism of the work of M. A. Bulgakov begins. According to his own calculations, in 10 years there were 298 bad reviews and 3 favorable ones. Among the critics were influential writers (Mayakovsky, Bezymensky, Averbakh, Shklovsky, Kerzhentsev and others).

1927 , February 7 - Bulgakov participates in a debate on the theme "Days of the Turbins" and "Love Yarovaya" at the Meyerhold Theater.
March - the contract for the play "Heart of a Dog" was terminated and an agreement was concluded for the play "Knights of the Seraphim" ("Running").
August - M. A. Bulgakov and L. E. Belozerskaya move to a separate rented apartment on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street.
December - the publication in Paris of the first volume of the novel "The White Guard" by the publishing house "Concorde".

1928 - Bulgakov and his wife travel to the Caucasus, where they visited Tiflis, Batum, Zeleny Mys, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes.
The premiere of the play Crimson Island took place in Moscow.
The idea of ​​the novel, later called "The Master and Margarita".
The writer begins work on a play about Molière ("The Cabal of Saints").
December 11 - premiere of the play "Crimson Island" in the Moscow chamber theater.

1929 February 28 - Bulgakov's acquaintance with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, nee Nuremberg. Mention of the new novel by M. A. Bulgakov (the future "Master and Margarita") in one of the undercover reports.
March 17 - the last performance of "Zoyka's apartment".
April - removal from the repertoire of "Days of the Turbins".
May 8 - Bulgakov submits to the Nedra publishing house the chapter "Furibund Mania" from the novel "Engineer's Hoof".
The beginning of June is the last performance of Crimson Island.
July 30 - Bulgakov sends a letter of application to I. V. Stalin, M. I. Kalinin and others with a request to leave the USSR and meets with the head of the Main Department of Arts A. I. Svidersky, who informs Central Committee Secretary A. P. Smirnov about this conversation .
October - Bulgakov's books are withdrawn from libraries.
Beginning of work on the play "The Cabal of the Saints".

1930 , February 11 - public reading of the play "The Cabal of the Saints" in the Dramsoyuz.
March 18 - The Main Repertoire Committee bans the play "The Cabal of Saints".
March 28 - Bulgakov writes a letter to the Government of the USSR.
April 18 (Friday Holy Week) - a telephone conversation between M. A. Bulgakov and I. V. Stalin.
May 10 - enters the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.
May - the beginning of work on the staging of N.V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls".
October - V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko rejects Bulgakov's version of Dead Souls.

1931 , February - K. S. Stanislavsky joins the rehearsals of "Dead Souls".
October 12 - signed an agreement for the production of "Molière" with the BDT.
November 19 - the decision of the Artistic and Political Council of the BDT on the inexpediency of staging the play "Molière".
Re-starts work on the novel "The Master and Margarita". For the first time, the novel "The Master and Margarita" was published in the magazine "Moscow" in No. 11 for 1966 and in No. 1 for 1967.

1932 - on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater there was a performance of the play "Dead Souls" by Nikolai Gogol staged by Bulgakov.

1934 , June - Bulgakov is admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

1935 - performed on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater as an actor - as a Judge in the play " Pickwick Club» according to Dickens.

1936 , February - the premiere of the play "The Cabal of the Saints" ("Molière", a play in four acts, written in 1929) on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater. The performance was staged seven times, and after the article “External Shine and False Content” in Pravda on March 9, 1936, it was banned.

1940 March 10 - Bulgakov died in Moscow, was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. On his grave, at the request of his widow, E. S. Bulgakova, a stone was erected, nicknamed "calvary", which previously lay on the grave of N. V. Gogol.

Born in the family of a teacher of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna. He was the eldest child in the family and had six more brothers and sisters.

In 1901-1909 he studied at the First Kyiv Gymnasium, after graduating from which he entered the Medical Faculty of Kyiv University. He studied there for seven years and submitted a report to serve as a doctor in the maritime department, but was refused for health reasons.

In 1914, with the outbreak of the First World War, he worked as a doctor in front-line hospitals in Kamenetz-Podolsk and Chernivtsi, in the Kiev military hospital. In 1915 he married Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa. On October 31, 1916 he received a diploma "in the degree of a doctor with honors."

In 1917, he first used morphine to relieve the symptoms of diphtheria vaccination and became addicted to it. In the same year he visited Moscow and in 1918 returned to Kyiv, where he began the private practice of a venereologist, having stopped using morphine.

In 1919 during civil war Mikhail Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor, first into the Ukrainian army. people's republic, then to the Red Army, then to the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, then moved to the Red Cross. At this time, he began to work as a correspondent. On November 26, 1919, the feuilleton "Future Prospects" was first published in the Grozny newspaper signed by M.B. He fell ill with typhus in 1920 and remained in Vladikavkaz without retreating to Georgia along with the Volunteer Army.

In 1921, Mikhail Bulgakov moved to Moscow and entered the service of the Glavpolitprosvet under the People's Commissariat for Education as a secretary, led by N.K. Krupskaya, wife of V.I. Lenin. In 1921, after the department was disbanded, he collaborated with the newspapers Gudok, Rabochiy and the magazines Red Journal for Everyone, Medical Worker, Rossiya under the pseudonym Mikhail Bull and M.B., writes and publishes in 1922-1923 years of "Notes on the Cuffs", participates in the literary circles "Green Lamp", "Nikitinsky Subbotniks".

In 1924 he divorced his wife and in 1925 married Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya. This year, the story “Heart of a Dog”, the plays “Zoyka’s Apartment” and “Days of the Turbins” were written, published satirical stories"Diaboliad", the story "Fatal Eggs".

In 1926, the play "Days of the Turbins" was staged with great success at the Moscow Art Theater, allowed on the personal instructions of I. Stalin, who visited it 14 times. In the theater. E. Vakhtangov with great success the premiere of the play "Zoyka's Apartment", which ran from 1926 to 1929, took place. M. Bulgakov moved to Leningrad, where he met with Anna Akhmatova and Yevgeny Zamyatin and was summoned several times for interrogation to the OGPU about his literary creativity. The Soviet press intensively scolds the work of Mikhail Bulgakov - for 10 years there have been 298 abusive reviews and positive ones.

In 1927, the play "Running" was written.

In 1929, Mikhail Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who became his third wife in 1932.

In 1929, the works of M. Bulgakov ceased to be published, the plays were forbidden to be staged. Then, on March 28, 1930, he wrote a letter to the Soviet government with a request either to give the right to emigrate, or to provide the opportunity to work at the Moscow Art Theater in Moscow. On April 18, 1930, I. Stalin called Bulgakov and recommended that he apply to the Moscow Art Theater with a request for enrollment.

1930-1936 Mikhail Bulgakov worked at the Moscow Art Theater in Moscow as an assistant director. The events of those years were described in the "Notes of the Dead" - " Theatrical novel". In 1932, I. Stalin personally allowed the production of "Days of the Turbins" only in the Moscow Art Theater.

In 1934 Mikhail Bulgakov was admitted to Soviet Union writers and completed the first version of the novel The Master and Margarita.

In 1936, Pravda published a devastating article about the "false, reactionary and useless" play "The Cabal of the Hypocrites", which had been rehearsed for five years at the Moscow Art Theater. Mikhail Bulgakov went to work in big theater as a translator and librettist.

In 1939 he wrote the play "Batum" about I. Stalin. During its production, a telegram arrived about the cancellation of the performance. And it began sharp deterioration health of Mikhail Bulgakov. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis was diagnosed, vision began to fall, and the writer began to use morphine again. At this time, he dictated to his wife the latest versions of the novel The Master and Margarita. The wife draws up a power of attorney to manage all the affairs of her husband. The novel The Master and Margarita was published only in 1966 and brought world fame writer.

On March 10, 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died; on March 11, the sculptor S.D. Merkulov removed the death mask from his face. M.A. Bulgakov was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery, where, at the request of his wife, a stone from the grave of N.V. Gogol, nicknamed "Golgotha".