Lyrical digressions in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
"Eugene Onegin" - the first realistic novel in Russian literature, which
"the century was reflected and modern man depicted quite correctly. A.S. Pushkin worked on the novel from 1823 to 1831.In this work, the author freely moves from a plot narrative to lyrical digressions that interrupt the course of " free novel". In lyrical digressions, the author tells us his opinion about certain events, gives characteristics to his heroes, tells about himself. So, we learn about the author's friends, about literary life, about plans for the future, we get acquainted with his thoughts about the meaning of life, about friends, about love and much more, which gives us the opportunity to get an idea not only about the heroes of the novel, about the life of Russian society at that time, but also about the personality of the poet himself.
We meet the first lyrical digressions already in the first chapter of the novel by A.S. Pushkin. The author describes Eugene Onegin and shows his attitude towards the silent
“The conditions of light overthrowing the burden,
How he, lagging behind the hustle and bustle,
I became friends with him at that time.
I liked his features."
Pushkin considers himself to be in the generation of Eugene Onegin. At the beginning of the novel, Onegin is depicted without malicious irony, disappointment in the world brings him closer to the author: “I was embittered, he is gloomy,” and makes readers feel sympathy for him: “I liked his features.” Pushkin notices those features that make him related to the hero: attention to appearance: “it can be efficient person and think about the beauty of the nails,” and the ladies at the balls, but at the same time he is always “glad to notice the difference” between them and asks the reader not to identify them. But in relation to nature, Pushkin and Onegin are not alike. Pushkin sees nature as a source of inspiration and positive emotions:
"I was born for a peaceful life,
For rural silence
And then Pushkin notes:
"Flowers, love, village, idleness,
Fields! I am devoted to you soul
I'm always glad to see the difference
Between Onegin and me.
Everything truly Russian, Pushkin believes, is inextricably linked with the natural principle, is in complete harmony with it.
We see the same reverent attitude to the beauties of nature in the heroine Tatyana Larina, who is spiritually close to the poet. It is in nature that she finds peace of mind. So, leaving for Petersburg,
“She, as with old friends,
With their groves, meadows
Still in a hurry to talk.”
And having got into the “noise of brilliant vanities”, he yearns most of all for the “field life”. Thus, the author paints his heroine with the “Russian soul”, despite the fact that she “expresses with difficulty in her native language”. Tatyana "believed in the legends of antiquity, and dreams, and card divination, and predictions of the moon."
Lyrical digressions are usually associated with the plot of the novel, but there are also those in which Pushkin reflects on his fate:
"The spring of my days has rushed by
(What did he say jokingly until now)?
And is she really no age?
Am I really thirty years old soon? ”, - about the lifestyle of the poet:
"I knew with you
All that is enviable for a poet:
Oblivion of life in storms of light,
Conversation sweet friends "
Pushkin tells in lyrical digressions about the idea of the novel:
Many, many days have passed
Ever since young Tatyana
And with her Onegin in a vague dream
Appeared to me for the first time
And the distance of free romance
I'm through the magic crystal
I still don't see it clearly."
In lyrical digressions A.S. Pushkin, we learn a lot about the poet himself, his attitude to the heroes of the novel, to way of life that time. These digressions make it possible to present the image of the poet more clearly and more clearly.
What do we call a lyrical digression? Maybe, from the point of view of plot development, this is generally superfluous in the work? First, it distracts from the main line. Secondly, - lyrics, but give us events and conflicts, a story about the actions of the main characters or, at worst, a description of nature. But such an opinion is superficial. If you think about it, the goal of any work is not the development of the plot, but the realization of the author's ideas related to it, his response to the events of the author's historical or contemporary views on life.
Pushkin himself stepped onto the pages of the novel "Eugene Onegin", stood next to the characters, talking about personal meetings and conversations with them. It is from the words of the author that we largely learn the character of Onegin, it is his memoirs and assessments that become signs of the times for the reader. Lyrical digressions in the novel are not just sweet memories from the life of the author, not only flashes of his bright personality, but the most truthful and brightest illustrations of Russian life in the first quarter 19th century, written the greatest artist, sprouts, from which, miraculously intertwining, formed, grew pictures of life.
For example, a lyrical digression about women's legs is kind of comic, funny, like sketches on the margins of a draft, which are insensitively drawn by the hand, while the mind gives rise to a thought, while the line is being formed. But his ending is about youthful love: I remember the sea before a thunderstorm:
How I envied the waves
Running in a stormy succession
Lie down at her feet with love!
How I wanted then with the waves
Touch your lovely feet! -
Not an accidental flash-vision of young Maria Raevskaya, but important detail storytelling, because tragic fate Pushkin will return to this proud and brave woman more than once. Is it not her selflessness and respect for her husband that will sound in the last answer of Pushkin's beloved heroine - Tatyana! It is her fidelity and self-sacrifice, the ability to live in debt to loved ones that symbolizes the soul of a Russian woman for the poet. Or a lyrical digression about Moscow, about the Napoleonic invasion of 1812, permeated with a sense of pride for the fact that
... my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not an accepting gift,
She was preparing a fire
An impatient hero.
Pride in one's capital, in one's homeland, a sense of belonging to its history, a feeling of being an integral part of it are characteristic of the Russian character of Pushkin's contemporary and like-minded person. It was from this that the desire to change the foundations of the state grew, from here the Decembrists paved the way to Senate Square and the mines of Siberia. In lyrical digressions, we see the interweaving of the personal with the public, the voices of the heart and soul and the calls of the mind. Here is another lyrical digression - at the beginning Chapter VIII. The result of a separate segment of life and creativity, when the muse
sang<…>
And the glory of our antiquity,
And heart trembling dreams
When the poet proudly says:
Old man Derzhavin noticed us
And, descending into the coffin, he blessed.
You immediately remember that Derzhavin and Pushkin have many common themes in poetry, and one of them is “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”. No, lyrical digressions are not superfluous. There is nothing “superfluous” in the brilliant novel of the brilliant Russian poet, because the “encyclopedia of Russian life”, written by the great poet and a bright personality, is composed of events comprehended by his mind and feelings that agitated his soul.
Lyrical digressions in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
"Eugene Onegin" is the first realistic novel in Russian literature, in which "the century was reflected and modern man is depicted quite correctly."
A.S. Pushkin worked on the novel from 1823 to 1831.
In this work, the author freely moves from a plot narrative to lyrical digressions that interrupt the course of the “free novel”. In lyrical digressions, the author tells us his opinion about certain events, gives characteristics to his heroes, tells about himself. So, we learn about the author's friends, about literary life, about plans for the future, get acquainted with his reflections on the meaning of life, about friends, about love and much more, which gives us the opportunity to get an idea not only about the heroes of the novel, about the life of Russian society of that time, but also about the personality of the poet himself.
We meet the first lyrical digressions already in the first chapter of the novel by A.S. Pushkin. The author describes Eugene Onegin and shows his attitude towards the silent
“The conditions of light overthrowing the burden,
How he, lagging behind the hustle and bustle,
I became friends with him at that time.
I liked his features."
Pushkin considers himself to be in the generation of Eugene Onegin. At the beginning of the novel
Onegin is still drawn without malicious irony, disappointment in the light brings him closer to the author: “I was embittered, he is gloomy,” and makes readers feel sympathy for him: “I liked his features.” Pushkin notices those features that make him related to the hero: attention to appearance: “you can be a practical person and think about the beauty of your nails,” and ladies at balls, but at the same time he is always “glad to notice the difference” between them and asks the reader not to identify them. But in relation to nature, Pushkin and Onegin are not alike. Pushkin sees nature as a source of inspiration and positive emotions:
"I was born for a peaceful life,
For rural silence
And then Pushkin notes:
"Flowers, love, village, idleness,
Fields! I am devoted to you soul
I'm always glad to see the difference
Between Onegin and me.
Everything truly Russian, Pushkin believes, is inextricably linked with the natural principle, is in complete harmony with it.
We see the same reverent attitude to the beauties of nature in the heroine Tatyana Larina, who is spiritually close to the poet. It is in nature that she finds peace of mind. So, leaving for Petersburg,
“She, as with old friends,
With their groves, meadows
And having got into the “noise of brilliant vanities”, he yearns most of all for the “field life”. Thus, the author paints his heroine with the “Russian soul”, despite the fact that she “expresses with difficulty in her native language”. Tatyana "believed in the legends of antiquity, and dreams, and card divination, and predictions of the moon."
Lyrical digressions are usually associated with the plot of the novel, but there are also those in which Pushkin reflects on his fate:
"The spring of my days has rushed by
(What did he say jokingly until now)?
And is she really no age?
Am I really thirty years old soon? ”, - about the lifestyle of the poet:
"I knew with you
All that is enviable for a poet:
Oblivion of life in storms of light,
Conversation sweet friends "
Pushkin tells in lyrical digressions about the idea of the novel:
Many, many days have passed
Ever since young Tatyana
And with her Onegin in a vague dream
Appeared to me for the first time
And the distance of free romance
I'm through the magic crystal
I still don't see it clearly."
In lyrical digressions A.S. Pushkin, we learn a lot about the poet himself, his attitude to the heroes of the novel, to the way of life of that time. These digressions make it possible to present the image of the poet more clearly and more clearly.
An essay on the topic “Lyrical digressions and their role in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin for more than eight years - from the spring of 1823 to the autumn of 1831. At the very beginning of his work, Pushkin wrote to the poet P.A. Vyazemsky: “Now I am writing not a novel, but a novel in verse - a diabolical difference!” The poetic form gives "Eugene Onegin" features that sharply distinguish it from a prose novel; it expresses the thoughts and feelings of the author much more strongly.
The originality is given to the novel by the constant participation of the author in it: there is both an author-narrator and an author - actor. In the first chapter, Pushkin writes: "Onegin, my good friend ...". Here the author is introduced - the protagonist, one of Onegin's secular friends.
Thanks to numerous lyrical digressions, we get to know the author better. So readers get acquainted with his biography. The first chapter contains the following lines:
It's time to leave the boring beach
I hate the elements
And among the midday swells,
Under the sky of my Africa,
Sigh about gloomy Russia...
These lines are about the fact that fate separated the author from his homeland, and the words “My Africa” make us understand that we are talking about the southern link. The narrator clearly wrote about his suffering and longing for Russia. In the sixth chapter, the narrator regrets the departed young years, he also wonders what will happen in the future:
Where, where did you go,
My golden days of spring?
What does the coming day have in store for me?
In lyrical digressions, the poet's memories of the days “when in the gardens of the Lyceum” he began to “appear to the muse” come to life. Such lyrical digressions give us the right to judge the novel as the history of the personality of the poet himself.
Quite a few digressions present in the novel contain a description of nature. Throughout the novel, we encounter pictures of Russian nature. There are all seasons here: both winter, “when the boys are joyful people” “cuts the ice” with skates, and “the first snow curls”, flashes, “falling on the shore”, and “northern summer”, which the author calls “a caricature of southern winters” , and spring is “the time of love”, and, of course, autumn, beloved by the author, does not go unnoticed. A lot of Pushkin refers to the description of the time of day, the most beautiful of which is night. The author, however, does not at all strive to portray some exceptional, extraordinary paintings. On the contrary, everything is simple, ordinary - and at the same time beautiful.
Descriptions of nature are inextricably linked with the characters of the novel, they help us to better understand them. inner world. Repeatedly in the novel we notice the narrator's reflections on Tatyana's spiritual closeness to nature, which he characterizes moral qualities heroines. Often the landscape appears to the reader as Tatyana sees it: “... she loved to warn the sunrise on the balcony” or “... through the window Tatyana saw a whitened yard in the morning.”
The well-known critic VG Bellinsky called the novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And indeed it is. An encyclopedia is a systematic overview, usually from “A” to “Z”. Such is the novel “Eugene Onegin”: if you carefully look through all the lyrical digressions, we will see that the thematic range of the novel is expanded from “A” to “Z”.
In the eighth chapter, the author calls his novel "free". This freedom is, first of all, a casual conversation between the author and the reader with the help of lyrical digressions, the expression of thoughts from the author's "I". It was this form of narration that helped Pushkin to recreate a picture of his contemporary society: readers learn about the upbringing of young people, how they spend their time, the author closely watches balls and contemporary fashion. The narrator describes the theater especially vividly. Talking about this “magic region”, the author recalls both Fonvizin and Knyazhin, and Istomin especially attracts his attention, who, “touching the floor with one foot”, “suddenly flies” as light as a feather.
Much discussion has been devoted to the problems contemporary Pushkin literature. In them, the narrator argues about literary language, about the use of foreign words in it, without which it is sometimes impossible to describe some things:
Describe my case:
But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest,
"Eugene Onegin" is a novel about the history of the creation of the novel. The author talks to us in lines of lyrical digressions. The novel is being created as if before our eyes: it contains drafts and plans, a personal assessment of the novel by the author. The narrator encourages the reader to co-create (The reader is waiting for the rhyme rose / Na, take it quickly!). The author himself appears before us in the role of a reader: “he reviewed all this strictly ...”. Numerous lyrical digressions suggest a certain freedom of the author, the movement of the narrative in different directions.
The image of the author in the novel is many-sided: he is both the narrator and the hero. But if all his heroes: Tatiana, Onegin, Lensky and others are fictional, then the creator of all this fictional world real. The author evaluates the actions of his characters, he can either agree with them or oppose them with the help of lyrical digressions.
The novel, built on an appeal to the reader, tells about the fictitiousness of what is happening, that it is just a dream. Dream like life
An essay on the topic “Lyrical digressions and their role in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin for more than eight years - from the spring of 1823 to the autumn of 1831. At the very beginning of his work, Pushkin wrote to the poet P.A.
The role of lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is difficult to overestimate. They help the author to express many thoughts and ideas that would be incomprehensible or not so obvious without them.
Meaning of the novel
The role of lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is enormous. With their help, the author constantly intervenes in the narrative, stubbornly reminding himself. With the help of this technique, which was later actively used by other authors, the poet introduces the reader to his own point of view on the most different questions and life problems, formulates its own worldview position.
Thanks to lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin", Pushkin even manages to portray himself next to the main character (they appear together on the banks of the Neva).
Making a novel
Over his novel, Pushkin insisted on just such a definition of the genre, although outwardly the work looks more like a poem, the poet worked for seven whole years. He finished it only in 1831. Pushkin called his work on it a real feat. According to him, only "Boris Godunov" was given to him just as hard.
The poet began to work on "Onegin" in Chisinau, when he was in southern exile. At that time, the author was experiencing a creative crisis, reconsidering a lot in his worldview. In particular, he abandoned romanticism in favor of realism.
This transition is especially noticeable in the first chapters of Eugene Onegin, in which romanticism is still keeping pace with realism.
The novel was originally planned to have 9 chapters. But then Pushkin reworked the entire structure, leaving only 8. From the final content, he removed the part dedicated to Onegin's journey. Its fragments can only be found in appendices to the text.
The novel details the events between 1819 and 1825. It all starts with the foreign campaign of the Russian army against the French, and ends with the uprising of the Decembrists.
The plot of the novel
The novel begins with the fact that the young St. Petersburg nobleman Eugene Onegin, due to the illness of his uncle, is forced to leave the capital for the countryside. Such is the plot of this work. After Pushkin talks about the upbringing and education of the protagonist. They were typical of a representative of his circle. He was taught exclusively by foreign teachers.
His life in Petersburg was filled with love affairs and intrigue. A series of constant entertainment led him to the blues.
He goes to his uncle to say goodbye to a dying relative, but no longer finds him alive. He becomes the heir to the entire estate. But soon the spleen overtakes him in the village. The young neighbor Lensky, who has just returned from Germany, is trying to entertain him.
It turns out that new friend Onegin is crazy about Olga Larina, the daughter of a local wealthy landowner. She has another sister, Tatyana, who, unlike Olga, is always thoughtful and silent. Onegin is indifferent to the girl, but Tatyana herself falls in love with a St. Petersburg nobleman.
She decides to take an unprecedented step at that time - she writes a letter to her lover. But even then Onegin rejects her, calm family life disgusts him. Soon, again out of spleen and boredom, at a party with the Larins, Onegin makes Lensky jealous of Olga. Young and hot Lensky immediately challenges him to a duel.
Onegin kills his former friend and leaves the village.
The novel ends with the meeting of Onegin and Tatyana in the capital three years later. By that time, the girl had married a general and became a real society lady. This time, Eugene falls in love with her, but she rejects him, because she believes that she must remain faithful to her husband to the end.
A novel about everything
It is no coincidence that many critics call Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" an encyclopedia of Russian life. Perhaps, you will never meet such a work, where the subject matter is so extensive.
The author not only talks about the fate of the characters, but also discusses the most intimate with the reader, tells about creative plans, talks about art, music and literature, tastes and ideals that are close to his contemporaries. This is what lyrical digressions are devoted to in the novel "Eugene Onegin".
It is with the help of such digressions that Pushkin turns an ordinary story of friendship and love into a full-fledged picture of the era, creates a holistic and tangible image of Russia as the first quarter XIX century.
Themes and forms of lyrical digressions in "Eugene Onegin"
Extensive digressions can be found already in the first chapter of the novel. They are dedicated to the achievements of the national theatrical art, an essay on contemporary secular customs, opinions on unusual habits socialites and their husbands.
In the very first chapter of the novel, the theme of love is heard for the first time. Critics believe that in the lyrical elegiac recollection, Pushkin is sad about Volkonskaya. In subsequent chapters, love becomes an occasion for authorial digressions.
The role of lyrical digressions in the novel by A. S. Pushkin is difficult to overestimate. With their help, the author formulates own opinion about what is happening, creates the effect of the reader's participation in what is happening, creating the illusion of a dialogue with him.
For example, this role of lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" can be traced at the moment when the author comments on the refusal of the protagonist from Tatyana's love. Pushkin persistently defends the protagonist from the accusations that may fall on him. He emphasizes that this is not the first time Onegin shows his nobility.
Friendship Theme
What is the role of lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" can be understood by the way he sanctifies the theme of friendship. This happens at the very end of the fourth chapter.
Talking about the friendship between Onegin and Lensky, Pushkin raises the theme of narcissism and disregard for others. Claiming that selfishness is one of typical features generations.
Images of Russian nature
One of the poet's discoveries in this novel was the creation realistic images Russian nature. More than one chapter of "Eugene Onegin" is devoted to them.
The author pays attention to all seasons without exception, accompanies all this landscape sketches. For example, before talking about Tatiana's letter to Onegin, Pushkin describes night garden, and the scene ends with a picture of a rural morning.
Literary questions
It is interesting that in the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" there was a place for lyrical digressions, dedicated to the problems modern author literature and mother tongue. Also the topic creative crisis in which writers often find themselves.
For example, in the fourth chapter, Pushkin openly polemicizes with an imaginary critic who demands odic solemnity from writers in his works.
For Pushkin himself, the ode is a relic of the past. At the same time, the poet criticizes many of his contemporaries, who overdid it in tearfulness and imitation. Pushkin even shares with the reader the difficulties he encounters when writing a novel. Complains of difficulty in using foreign words.
In one of the last chapters of Eugene Onegin, Pushkin, in a lyrical digression, even raises patriotic theme. The poet confesses his sincere love for Russia.
Thus, one can be convinced that the role of lyrical digressions in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is great. According to Belinsky, they reflected the whole soul of the poet.
