Subject. Artists illustrate the story of N.V. Gogol's The Night Before Christmas.
Goals: continue work on the story "The Night Before Christmas", compare the text of the work with illustrations by Russian artists to it; develop the skills and abilities of observation, comparison, comparison, analysis artwork; oral speech of students, emotional sphere, expand lexicon students; cultivate love for Russian classical literature.
Equipment: text of the story, presentation, cards with word-answers.
Lesson type: speech development lesson.
“Gogol does not write, but draws,
his images breathe
vivid colors of reality.
You see and hear them."
V. G. Belinsky.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment.
II. Checking homework.
III. Work on the topic of the lesson.
Teacher's word.V.G. Belinsky said: “Gogol does not write, but draws, his images breathe with the living colors of reality. You see and hear them." Today in the lesson we will try to prove this idea of the Russian critic. After all, poetry folk life, embodied in Gogol's story, attracted many generations of readers and found a response in numerous illustrations that were created by more than one generation of artists, from the 70s of the 19th century until the end of the 20th century.
In more detail in the lesson, you will get acquainted with the work of illustrators. These are the artists who create the drawings in your books. Let's see how these drawings differ from simple pictures and why they are called illustrations. First, the drawings in the books are directly related to the text of the book. Secondly, all drawings for books are done graphic materials such as colored pencils, pastel crayons, gouache paints. Then these drawings must be printed in a book using printing ink. And this is very difficult.
Working with illustrations.
1.
Look carefully at the illustration M.S. Rodionov "Oksana and the blacksmith Vakula" (1952). What scene is depicted by the artist?
(After such a setting of students' attention, a presentation slide with an illustration is shown).
- What words from the story are consonant with the artist's drawing? Support with examples from the text.
- How is the appearance of the heroine drawn by the author of the story and the blacksmith Vakula?
- How does Oksana herself characterize her appearance?
- Why "in almost the whole world, and on the other side of Dikanka, and on this side of Dikanka, there were only speeches about her"?
- Which heroine of Pushkin's fairy tale does Oksana resemble? (Queen from "The Tale of the Dead Princess...")
- What features of the portrait of Oksana did the artist manage to convey in the illustration? Choose the correct answer (3-4 qualities) from the options provided, fold the cards with the answer words and write them down in your notebook. (The teacher distributes pre-printed words-characteristics).
(Beauty, pride, modesty, kindness, narcissism, stupidity, rudeness, coquetry, capriciousness, spoiledness, arrogance) - How does Vakula appear in the picture? (Shy, in love, strong, stubborn, brave, handsome, tired, arrogant)- choose the correct option, write down the resulting characteristic in a notebook.
- What image of Vakula does Gogol draw in the story?
- Does it correspond to the image of Vakula the blacksmith in the illustration?
2. Illustration by S.M. Kharlamov "The village of Dikanka on the night before Christmas" (1990)
Night Dikanka on the eve of Christmas is so good that both the heroes of the story and the narrator himself evoke a feeling of delight: “... the night is a miracle!”, “The moon shines wonderfully!”, “And the night, as if on purpose, so luxuriously glowed!”. This feature of Gogol's work evoked a response in the illustrations of Sergei Mikhailovich Kharlamov. Here is one of them: "The village of Dikanka on the night before Christmas." Recreating the landscape coloring of the story, the artist resorts to the technique of engraving. An engraver does not draw directly on paper, but puts an image on some hard surface (wood, stone, metal, etc.), from which he then transfers the image to paper.
- Look at the illustration of the artist S.M. Kharlamov. Which of the descriptions of the Christmas Eve in Dikanka did the picture remind you of?
- Does the artist share the feeling of delight winter night, which seeks to convey to the reader Gogol?
- Remember the means of artistic expression in literature that you know. (Metaphor, epithet, personification).
- What means of artistic expression are especially successfully used by Gogol, describing the Christmas landscape? (Metaphor: “the snow caught fire with a wide silver field”, epithet: “crystal stars”, personification: “laughing night”, “snow caught fire”, “can inspire the night”, “the month has flown”, etc.).
- What is the role of means of artistic expression in this verbal picture? (They help to visualize the picture of Christmas night in all its splendor).
3. Here is an illustration by A.M. Laptev "Solokha and the devil" (1959). 
- How is the appearance of the devil described in the work? What features of his appearance are reflected in the illustration?
- Find the description of Solokha in the text and compare it with the image of the heroine in the illustration. Did the artist manage to convey in the drawing the irony of Gogol in the characterization of the “talkative and obsequious hostess”?
- What words from the story can describe the content of the picture?
- What events followed immediately after this episode?
- Describe the illustration.
- The scene of Vakula's meeting with Oksana after his magical return attracted the attention not only of the artist A.P. Bubnov, but received a response in the illustrations of A.M. Laptev. Compare these illustrations.
- What visual solution do you prefer and why? Comparing illustrations, pay attention to their construction, image of costumes, furnishings.
- What words from the work can be used to sign each of the illustrations? ("- Ai! - Oksana screamed, stepping over the threshold and seeing the blacksmith, and fixed her eyes with amazement and joy at him").
IV. Summing up the lesson.
- Which of the illustrations for N.V. Gogol's story "The Night Before Christmas" made you greatest impression and why?
- How did the illustrations help you understand Gogol's work?
- What illustrations for The Night Before Christmas would you like to draw yourself?
- Read VG Belinsky's statement about the story. Do you agree with the critic's opinion?
V. Homework.
Draw your illustration for any episode of the story "The Night Before Christmas", creatively arrange a mini-essay (on a separate sheet of paper) according to the plan.Plan.
- The title of the episode shown.
- Brief description of the characters depicted in the illustration.
- What was the best thing I could do.
For changing last day before Christmas comes a clear frosty night. The maidens and lads had not yet come out to carol, and no one saw how smoke went out of the chimney of one hut and a witch rose on a broomstick. She flickers like a black speck in the sky, picking up stars in her sleeve, and the devil flies towards her, to whom “the last night was left to stagger along white light».
Illustrations by Olga Ionaitis. Publishing house "Rosmen", year of publication 2009
Having stolen the month, the devil hides it in his pocket, assuming that the darkness that has come will keep the rich Cossack Chub, invited to the clerk at kutya, and the blacksmith Vakula hated by the devil (who painted a picture on the church wall doomsday and the shamed devil) will not dare to come to Chubova's daughter Oksana.
While the devil is building chickens for the witch, Chub and his godfather, who left the hut, do not dare to go to the sexton, where a pleasant society will gather for varenukha, or, in view of such darkness, return home, and they leave, leaving the beautiful Oksana in the house, dressing up in front of a mirror, for which and finds her Vakula.
The severe beauty taunts him, untouched by his gentle speeches. The frustrated blacksmith goes to unlock the door, on which Chub, who has gone astray and lost his godfather, knocks, deciding to return home on the occasion of the blizzard raised by the devil.
However, the blacksmith's voice makes him think that he did not end up in his own hut (but in a similar, lame Levchenko, to whose young wife the blacksmith probably came), Chub changes his voice, and an angry Vakula, poking, kicks him out. Beaten Chub, having read that from own house the blacksmith, therefore, left, goes to his mother, Solokha. Solokha, former witch, returned from her journey, and the devil flew in with her, dropping a month in the pipe.
It became light, the blizzard subsided, and crowds of carolers poured into the streets. The girls run to Oksana, and, noticing on one of them new laces embroidered with gold, Oksana declares that she will marry Vakula if he brings her the laces "which the queen wears."
In the meantime, the devil, who has become soaked at Solokha's, is frightened away by the head, who has not gone to the clerk at kutya. The devil quickly climbs into one of the bags left in the middle of the hut by the blacksmith, but soon the head has to climb into the other, as the clerk knocks on Solokha.
Praising the virtues of the incomparable Solokha, the clerk is forced to climb into the third bag, since Chub appears. However, Chub also climbs there, avoiding a meeting with the returned Vakula. While Solokha is explaining herself in the garden with the Cossack Sverbyguz, who came after him, Vakula carries away the bags thrown in the middle of the hut, and, saddened by the quarrel with Oksana, does not notice their weight.
Vakula comes to the Cossack Pot-bellied Patsyuk, who, as they say, is "a little like hell." Having caught the owner eating dumplings, and then dumplings, which themselves climbed into Patsyuk's mouth, Vakula timidly asks for directions to hell, relying on his help in his misfortune. Having received a vague answer that the devil is behind him, Vakula runs away from the quick dumpling that climbs into his mouth.
Anticipating easy prey, the devil jumps out of the bag and, sitting on the blacksmith's neck, promises him Oksana that very night. The cunning blacksmith, grabbing the devil by the tail and crossing him, becomes the master of the situation and orders the devil to take himself "to Petemburg, straight to the queen."
Illustrator Kost Lavro (Ukraine)
Having found Kuznetsov's bags about that time, the girls want to take them to Oksana to see what Vakula caroled. They go after the sled, and Chubov's godfather, having called for help from the weaver, drags one of the sacks into his hut. There, for the obscure, but seductive contents of the bag, there is a fight with the godfather's wife. Chub and the clerk are in the bag. When Chub, returning home, finds a head in the second bag, his disposition towards Solokha is greatly reduced.
The blacksmith, having galloped to St. Petersburg, appears to the Cossacks, who pass through Dikanka in the autumn, and, pressing the devil in his pocket, seeks to be taken to the tsarina. Marveling at the luxury of the palace and the wonderful paintings on the walls, the blacksmith finds himself in front of the queen, and when she asks the Cossacks who came to ask for their Sich, “what do you want?”, the blacksmith asks her for her royal shoes. Touched by such innocence, Catherine draws attention to this passage of Fonvizin standing at a distance, and Vakula gives shoes, having received which he considers it good to go home.
In the village at this time, the Dikan women in the middle of the street are arguing about exactly how Vakula laid hands on himself, and the rumors that have come about embarrass Oksana, she does not sleep well at night, and not having found a devout blacksmith in the church in the morning, she is ready to cry. The blacksmith, on the other hand, simply overslept Matins and Mass, and waking up, takes out a new hat and belt from the chest and goes to Chub to woo. Chub, wounded by Solokha's treachery, but seduced by gifts, agrees. He is echoed by Oksana, who has entered, ready to marry the blacksmith "and without the slippers." Having got a family, Vakula painted his hut with paints, and in the church he painted a devil, but “so nasty that everyone spat when they passed by.”
Artist Kost Lavro "The Night Before Christmas"
- So you, godfather, have not yet been to the deacon in the new hut? - said the Cossack Chub, leaving the door of his hut, to a lean, tall, in a short sheepskin coat, a peasant with an overgrown beard, showing that for more than two weeks a fragment of a scythe, with which peasants usually shave their beards for lack of a razor, has not touched it. - There will be a good drinking party now! Chub continued, with a slight grin on his face. - As soon as we do not be late .
Oksana, pushing the mirror a little further away from her, exclaimed, “No, I'm good! Ah, how good! Miracle! What joy I will bring to the one whom I will be the wife! How my husband will admire me! He won't remember himself. He'll kiss me to death"
Solokha thought for a long time where to hide such a dense guest; finally chose the largest bag of coal; she poured the coal into a tub, and a hefty head with a mustache, with a head and with drops, entered the bag.
The clerk came in, groaning and rubbing his hands, and said that he had no one and that he was heartily glad of this opportunity to walk a little with her and was not afraid of a snowstorm. Then he came closer to her, coughed, grinned, touched his long fingers her naked full hand and said with an air that showed both slyness and self-satisfaction: "And what do you have there, magnificent Solokha?" And having said this, he jumped back a little.
The month is amazing! It is hard to tell how good it is to huddle on such a night between a bunch of laughing and singing girls and between lads ready for all the jokes and inventions that a merrily laughing night can only inspire. It's warm under a tight casing; the frost burns the cheeks even more vividly; and on pranks, the evil one himself pushes from behind .
The blacksmith, not without timidity, opened the door and saw Patsyuk sitting on the floor in Turkish style... Then Vakula noticed that there were no dumplings or a tub in front of him; but instead there were two wooden bowls on the floor: one was filled with dumplings, the other with sour cream. His thoughts and eyes involuntarily rushed to these dishes. “Let's see,” he said to himself, “how Patsyuk will eat dumplings. He probably won’t want to bend over to sip like dumplings, and it’s impossible: first you need to dip the dumpling in sour cream.
As soon as he had time to think this, Patsyuk opened his mouth, looked at the dumplings, and opened his mouth even more. At this time, the dumpling splashed out of the bowl, slapped into the sour cream, turned over to the other side, jumped up and just got into his mouth.
Then they hastily pulled sticks out of the wattle fence, put a sack on them and carried them on their shoulders.
"Where are we going to take him?" in a tire? asked the weaver on his way.
- It would and I thought so, so that in the tavern; but the damned Jewess won't believe it, she'll still think that it was stolen somewhere; besides, I just got out of the tavern. We will take it to my house. No one will interfere with us: Zhinka is not at home.
“My God, what an ornament! he cried joyfully, seizing his shoes. "Your Royal Majesty!" Well, when the shoes are on your feet, and it is desirable in them, your honor, go on the ice forge, what kind of legs should be? I think at least pure sugar.
The empress, who certainly had the most slender and charming legs, could not help but smile when she heard such a compliment from the lips of an ingenuous blacksmith, who in his Zaporozhye dress could be considered handsome, despite his swarthy face.
... and suddenly Petersburg shone in front of him, all on fire. (Then, for some reason, there was an illumination.)
“Look what slippers I brought you!” - said Vakula, - the very ones that the queen wears.
—- No! No! I don't need cherries! she said, waving her hands and not taking her eyes off him.
The blacksmith came closer, took her by the hand; beauty and lowered her eyes. She has never been so wonderfully beautiful. The delighted blacksmith kissed her softly, and her face lit up even more, and she became even better.
Evil spirits still fit easily in a Cossack pocket...
Kost Lavro was born in 1961 on one of the "Gogol" farms near Dikanka. He took the pencil in his hands when he was very young - he already liked it very much black and white illustrations"Ukrainian folk tales". From there, with great zeal, wolves-brothers and chanterelles-sisters were copied (“It would be nice if my books also aroused someone’s love for this business, and then, look, a new talent will grow,” the artist dreams today) . One day, the father showed his son's drawings to the teacher, who helped Kostya prepare for admission to the Republican art school. And then there was the army, the institute and work as an art editor, in the magazine "Barvinok", "Dnepr" (many illustrations for books different authors), and collaboration in the magazine "Podsolnukh".
The last day before Christmas has passed. A clear winter night has come. Stars looked. The moon rose majestically into the sky to shine on good people and the whole world, so that everyone would have fun caroling and glorifying Christ. * It was freezing colder than in the morning; but on the other hand it was so quiet that the creak of frost under a boot could be heard half a verst away. Not a single crowd of lads had yet shown under the windows of the huts; the moon alone peeped furtively into them, as if urging the dressed-up girls to run out into the squeaky snow as soon as possible. Then smoke fell in clubs through the chimney of one hut and went in a cloud across the sky, and together with the smoke a witch mounted on a broom rose up.
Valery Kozhin "Solokha and the devil"
The story of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "Christmas Eve"(1832), from the collection "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", perhaps the most Christmas, most fairy tale for everything Orthodox world, holiday symbol.
Throughout its history, the book has probably been published hundreds of times. Here we have collected the most wonderful illustrations to this story, which give it a unique, magical flavor. 🙂
Illustration by Olga Ionaitis
Illustrations by Alexander Kuzmin (2011)
From the front, he was completely German: the narrow muzzle, constantly twirling and sniffing everything that came across, ended, like our pigs, with a round patch, the legs were so thin that if Yareskov's head had such, he would have broken them in the first Cossack. But on the other hand, behind him he was a real provincial attorney in uniform, because his tail hung as sharp and long as the coat-tails of today; only by goat beard under the muzzle, by the small horns sticking out on his head, and that he was not all whiter than a chimney sweep, one could guess that he was not a German and not a provincial attorney, but simply a devil who was left to roam around the world last night and learn sins good people. Tomorrow, with the first bells for matins, he will run without looking back, tail between his legs, to his lair.
Illustration by Anatoly Timofeevich Zverev, 1955
Pavel Petrovich Sokolov-Skalya
A. Laptev - Solokha and the devil, 1959
... Patsyuk opened his mouth, looked at the dumplings and opened his mouth even more. At this time, the dumpling splashed out of the bowl, slapped it into the sour cream, turned over to the other side, jumped up and just got into his mouth. Patsyuk ate and opened his mouth again, and the dumpling went again in the same order. He only took on the task of chewing and swallowing.
Valery Kozhin
Illustrations by G.A.V. Traugot, Children's Literature, 1986
The month is amazing! It is hard to tell how good it is to huddle on such a night between a bunch of laughing and singing girls and between lads ready for all the jokes and inventions that a merrily laughing night can only inspire. It's warm under a tight casing; the frost burns the cheeks even more vividly; and in a prank, the evil one himself pushes from behind ...
author unknown
Illustrations by Olga Ionaitis. Publishing house "Rosmen", year of publication 2009
Illustrator Kost Lavro (Ukraine)
The lads in a herd proclaimed that there had never been a better girl, and there never would be in the village. Oksana knew and heard everything that was said about her, and was capricious, like a beauty ... The boys chased her in droves, but, having lost patience, they left and turned to others who were not so spoiled.
Illustration by M. Rodionov, 1952
Khariton Platonov "Oksana", 1888
Illustrations different artists
Illustration by V. Makovsky - Solokha's Head, 1877
