IN 1. What chapter of M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time” is the above fragment of Pechorin’s diary a part of?
AT 2. What is the city in which the action of this chapter of Lermontov's novel takes place?
AT 3. What features literary direction are preserved in Lermontov's prose, which creates the image of a lonely, exceptional and mysterious hero, acting in exceptional circumstances?
AT 4. What is the name of the form of a detailed statement of the hero, addressed to himself (Pechorin's diary reflections), to readers or to other characters in the novel?
AT 5. Enter a title artistic technique exaggeration, the purpose of which is to enhance the expressiveness of the hero's speech: "twenty times your life, I’ll even put honor on the line…”
AT 6. What art trope is used in this fragment text to create the image of a selfish, insensitive, cruel hero - “My heart turns to stone?
AT 7. Enter a title famous poem M.Yu. Lermontov, with whom the novel “A Hero of Our Time” ideologically and thematically echoes.
C1. What role diary entries play in the composition of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"?
C2. What problem of the novel do the questions asked by the hero to himself in the above fragment echo, and how do they correlate with the problems of other works of Russian classics.
IN 1. "Princess Mary"
AT 2. Pyatigorsk
AT 3. Romanticism
AT 4. Monologue
AT 5. Hyperbola
AT 6. Metaphor
AT 7. "Thought"
Vasily Petrovich, - said the captain, going up to the major, - he will not give up - I know him. And if the door is broken, then many of our people will be killed. Wouldn't you rather shoot him? there is a wide gap in the shutter.
At that moment, a strange thought flashed through my head: like Vulich, I decided to try my luck.
- Wait, - I said to the major, I'll take him alive.
Ordering the captain to start a conversation with him and placing three Cossacks at the door, ready to knock her out, and rush to my aid at this sign, I went around the hut and approached the fateful window. My heart was beating fast.
- Oh, you're cursed! - shouted Yesaul. - What are you, laughing at us, or what? Or do you think that we can not cope with you? - He began to knock on the door with all his might, I, putting my eye to the crack, followed the movements of the Cossack, who did not expect an attack from this side, - and suddenly tore off the shutter and rushed headfirst into the window. A shot rang out just above my ear, the bullet tore off the epaulette. But the smoke that filled the room prevented my opponent from finding the saber that lay beside him. I grabbed his hands; the Cossacks burst in, and three minutes had not passed before the criminal was tied up and taken away under escort. The people dispersed. The officers congratulated me - for sure, it was with what!
After all this, how would it seem not to become a fatalist? But who knows for sure whether he is convinced of something or not? .. and how often we mistake for conviction a deception of the senses or a mistake of reason! ..
I like to doubt everything: this disposition of the mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of character - on the contrary, as far as I am concerned, I always go forward bolder when I do not know what awaits me. After all, nothing worse than death will happen - and death cannot be avoided!
Returning to the fortress, I told Maxim Maksimych everything that had happened to me and what I had witnessed, and wished to know his opinion about predestination. At first he did not understand this word, but I explained it as well as I could, and then he said, shaking his head significantly:
- Yes, sir! of course! This is a rather tricky thing! .. However, these Asian triggers often fail if they are poorly lubricated or if you do not press hard enough with your finger; I confess that I also do not like Circassian rifles; they are somehow indecent to our brother: the butt is small, and look, it will burn your nose ... But their checkers are just my respect!
Then he said, after some thought:
- Yes, it’s a pity for the poor fellow ... The devil pulled him to talk with a drunk at night! .. However, it’s clear that it was written in his family ...
I could get nothing more from him: he does not like metaphysical discussions at all.
()
B1 What is the name of the chapter (story) of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov, a fragment from which you read?
B2 Write out the phrase from the text, which in this fragment is an assessment of the internal, psychological state hero who decided to "try his luck".
VZ Indicate the term used to describe the detailed reasoning of the hero, addressed to himself?
B4 What is the name of the hero on whose behalf the story is being told in this chapter.
B5 What socio-psychological type, well-known in literary criticism, is this hero traditionally attributed to?
B6 Indicate the term that denotes the way of displaying the inner, emotional experiences of the Lermontov hero: his desire for maximum self-expression and self-analysis, the diary nature of the narrative, etc.
B7 How in literary work call the conversation of two (or more) characters among themselves?
C1. What is the difference and what is the similarity of the explanations that give tragic events story Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych?
C2. In what works classical literature One way or another, the theme of fate, predestination sounds, and how do these works relate to Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?
IN 1. Fatalist
AT 2. "weird thought"
AT 3. Internal monologue
AT 4. Pechorin
AT 5. Extra person
AT 6. Psychologism
Soon everyone went home, talking variously about Vulich's whims and, probably with one voice, calling me an egoist, because I bet against a man who wanted to shoot himself; as if he could not find a convenient opportunity without me! ..
I returned home through the empty lanes of the village; the moon, full and red, like the glow of a fire, began to appear from behind the jagged horizon of houses; the stars shone calmly on the dark blue vault, and it became funny to me when I remembered that there were once wise people who thought that the luminaries of heaven take part in our insignificant disputes for a piece of land or for some fictitious rights! .. And that and? these lamps, lit, in their opinion, only to illuminate their battles and celebrations, burn with their former brilliance, and their passions and hopes have long been extinguished with them, like a light lit at the edge of the forest by a careless wanderer! But on the other hand, what strength of will gave them the confidence that the whole sky with its countless inhabitants was looking at them with participation, although mute, but unchanged! .. And we, their miserable
descendants wandering the earth without conviction and pride, without pleasure and fear, except for that involuntary fear that squeezes the heart at the thought of an inevitable end, we are no longer capable of great sacrifices either for the good of mankind, or even for our own happiness, therefore we know its impossibility and indifferently we pass from doubt to doubt, as our ancestors rushed from one error to another, having, like them, neither hope, nor even that indefinite, although true pleasure that the soul meets in any struggle with people or fate ...
And many other similar thoughts passed through my mind; I didn't hold them back because I don't like dwelling on some abstract thought. And what does this lead to?.. In my early youth I was a dreamer, I loved to caress alternately now gloomy, now rosy images that my restless and greedy imagination painted for me. But what is left of this for me? only tiredness, as after a nightly battle with a ghost, and a vague memory full of regrets. In this futile struggle, I exhausted both the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will necessary for real life; I entered this life, having already experienced it mentally, and I became bored and disgusted, like someone who reads a bad imitation of a book he has long known.
(M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time")
IN 1. Which chapter of the novel is the above piece of text a part of?
AT 2. Specify the name of the plot-compositional element artwork, which is a description of nature (“the stars shone calmly ...”).
AT 3. What artistic technique does he repeatedly resort to, “hopes have long faded with them, like a flame lit at the edge of the forest" etc.?
AT 4. What is the name of the form of a detailed statement of the hero, addressed to himself and uttered in his own thoughts (reflections of Pechorin walking along night road)?
AT 5. What are the names of the figurative definitions found in the cited fragment of the text: “ careless wanderer", " restless imagination", " iridescent images”, etc.?
AT 6. From the first paragraph of the fragment, write out the word-characteristic that Pechorin "rewards" himself.
AT 7. Indicate the name of the artistic technique based on the opposition of various phenomena and underlying the composition of this fragment: “ passion and hope ancestors opposed "doubts and delusions" descendants.
C1. What topics that are significant for the whole novel does Lermontov raise in this fragment of the text?
C2. Why is the question of the predestination of fate so preoccupied by Pechorin, and in what works of Russian classics are such issues raised.
IN 1. "Fatalist"
AT 2. Scenery
AT 3. Comparison
AT 4. Internal monologue
AT 5. epithets
AT 6. Egoist
1) this is what the heroines of novels always do 3) tries to lull the father's suspicions
2) wants to confess her love to Molchalin 4) she just dreamed all this
IN 1. Write a term for the type of extended statement of the heroine, who in this episode talks in detail about her dream.
AT 2. How is the type of conflict in A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", associated with storyline Sofia - Molchalin - Chatsky?
AT 3. Sophia, Famusov, Chatsky - the main characters of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”, but how are characters such as Lisa (Repetilov, princes Tugoukhovsky, etc.) called in dramaturgy?
AT 4. Enter the name of the literary direction XVIII century, the tradition of which is continued by Griboedov, endowing some of the heroes of his realistic play with "talking" surnames-characteristics.
Give a complete answer to problematic issue, attracting the necessary theoretical and literary knowledge, relying on literary works, the position of the author and, if possible, revealing his own vision of the problem. (8-10 offers)
From 1. What is the inconsistency of the image of Sophia and which heroines of Russian classical literature are similar to the heroine of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov?
Answers
Option 5 (Group 2)
Famusov, servant
Famusov
Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a broken elbow.
Get out the calendar;
Don't read like a sexton
And with feeling, with sense, with arrangement.
Wait. -
On a sheet, draw on a notebook,
Against next week:
To Praskovya Feodorovna's house
On Tuesday I am called for trout.
How wonderful is the light!
Philosophize - the mind will spin;
Then you take care, then lunch: Eat three hours, and in three days it will not be cooked!
Mark it, same day... No, no.
On Thursday I was called to the funeral.
Oh, the human race! fell into oblivion
That everyone himself must climb there,
In that casket, where neither stand nor sit.
But the memory itself intends to leave someone
A commendable life, here is an example:
The deceased was a respectable chamberlain,
With the key, and he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
He was rich and was married to a rich woman,
Married children, grandchildren,
He died - everyone sadly remembers him.
Kuzma Petrovich! Peace be upon him,
What aces live and die in Moscow! -
Write on Thursday, one by one,
Maybe Friday, maybe Saturday
I have to baptize at the widow's, at the doctor's.
She did not give birth, but by calculation
In my opinion: should give birth.
Famusov, Servant, Chatsky
Famusov
A! Alexander Andreich, please
Sit down.
Chatsky
You're busy?
Famusov(servant)
Go.
(Servant leaves.)
Yes, we bring different things into the book as a keepsake,
It will be forgotten, look at that.
Chatsky
You have become somewhat unhappy;
Tell me why?
Is my arrival at the wrong time?
What Sofya Pavlovna
Did sadness happen? ..
There is vanity in your face, in your movements.
Famusov
Ah, father, I found a riddle,
I'm not happy!
In my summers
You can't squat on me!
Chatsky
Nobody invites you;
I just asked two words
About Sofya Pavlovna: perhaps she is unwell?
Famusov
Ugh, God forgive me!
five thousand times
Says the same thing!
That Sofya Pavlovna in the world is not more beautiful,
That Sofya Pavlovna is sick, -
Tell me, did you like her?
Sprayed the light; don't you want to get married?
Chatsky
What do you need?
Famusov
It wouldn't hurt to ask me
After all, I am somewhat akin to her;
At least originally
They didn't call him father for nothing.
A1. In aggregate artistic features play by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" should be attributed to literature
1) romanticism 2) classicism 3) modernism 4) realism
A2. This fragment refers to
1) exposition J 2) the beginning of the action 3) the climax 4) the denouement of the action
A3. main topic Famusov's monologue -
1) attitude to art 2) life and death 3) following the official duty
4) the life of a Moscow secular society
A4. exclamation intonation phrases "What kind of aces in Moscow live and die!" explained by the fact that Famusov feels in relation to Kuzma Petrovich a feeling
1) surprise 2) irony 3) admiration 4) hatred
1) goodie 3) tragic hero
2) an extra character 4) a comic character
IN 1. What means of allegorical expressiveness does Famusov resort to, likening a coffin to a chest, - « where to stand or sit»?
AT 2. What is the name of the character's utterance used by the playwright at the beginning of this passage?
Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1-7, 13, 14.
A damp, cold wind was blowing from the sea, spreading across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splashing of a wave running ashore and the rustling of coastal bushes. Occasionally his impulses brought with them shriveled, yellow leaves and threw them into the fire, fanning the flames; the darkness of the autumn night that surrounded us quivered and, timidly moving away, revealed for a moment to the left - the boundless steppe, to the right - the endless sea, and directly opposite me - the figure of Makar Chudra, an old gypsy - he was guarding the horses of his camp, spread fifty paces from us.
Not paying attention to the fact that the cold waves of the wind, having opened his chekmen, exposed his hairy chest and beat it mercilessly, he reclined in a beautiful, strong pose, facing me, methodically sipped from his huge pipe, blew thick clouds of smoke from his mouth and nose and, fixing his eyes somewhere over my head into the deadly silent darkness of the steppe, he spoke to me without stopping and without making a single movement to protect himself from sharp blows of the wind.
So are you walking? This is good! You have chosen a glorious fate for yourself, falcon. That's the way it should be: go and look, you've seen enough, lie down and die - that's all!
Life? Other people? - he continued, having listened skeptically to my objection to his "this is how it should be." - Ege! And what do you care about that? Aren't you your own life? Other people live without you and will live without you. Do you think that someone needs you? You are not bread, not a stick, and no one needs you.
Learn and teach, you say? Can you learn how to make people happy? No you can not. You turn gray first, and say what you need to learn. What to teach? Everyone knows what he needs. Those who are smarter, they take what they have, those who are dumber, they receive nothing, and everyone learns by himself ...
They are funny, those people of yours. They huddle together and crush each other, and there are so many places on earth, - he waved his hand broadly towards the steppe. - And everything works. For what? To whom? No one knows. You see how a man plows, and you think: here he is, drop by drop with sweat, exudes his strength on the ground, and then lies down in it and rots in it. There will be nothing left for him, he sees nothing from his field and dies as he was born - a fool.
Well, - he was born then, perhaps, to dig the earth, and to die, without even having time to dig out his own graves? Does he have a will? Is the expanse of the steppe understandable? dialect sea wave gladdens his heart? He is a slave - as soon as he was born, he is a slave all his life, and that's it! What can he do with himself? Only to strangle himself, if he grows a little wiser.
And look, at the age of fifty-eight I saw so much that if you write it all down on paper, you can’t put it in a thousand sacks like yours. Come on, tell me, in what regions have I not been? And you won't say. You don't even know the places I've been. This is how you need to live: go, go - and that's it. Do not stand in one place for a long time - what is in it? Look how day and night run, chasing each other, around the earth, so you run away from thoughts about life, so as not to stop loving it. And when you think about it, you fall out of love with life, it always happens that way. And it was with me. Hey! It was, falcon.
(M. Gorky. "Makar Chudra")
C1. How does Pechorin's remark - "taking a deeply touched look" - correct the content of his monologue in the eyes of the reader?
“Having taken a deeply touched look,” Pechorin deliberately plays on Mary’s feelings. He not only sets out the true cause-and-effect relationships between events that led to moral "mutilations" (the scheme is correct - but only in part), - Pechorin knows that his story will certainly arouse sympathy from Mary, a sensitive and kind girl. From compassion, one step to falling in love - and this is a complete victory for Pechorin over Grushnitsky. Such a “targeted” confession makes Pechorin exaggerate his own experiences, more sharply indicate the contradictions of his own nature. Journal entries are a confession to oneself, sincere and merciless; the monologue before Mary is a romantic mask, a conditional image, and the purpose of its creation is quite pragmatic - to ensure that the girl falls in love with Pechorin.
Masters psychological prose were L.N. Tolstoy and F.M. Dostoevsky; in "War and Peace" and "Crime and Punishment" the internal monologues of the characters - the most important trick Images inner life characters. L.N. Tolstoy inherits Lermontov's principles of tracking dynamics human feelings and their comprehension (the internal monologues of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov are quite comparable with Pechorin's notes); Tolstoy's "dialectics of the soul" is nothing but perfection literary devices allowing you to capture the subtlest spiritual movements. The internal monologues of F.M. Dostoevsky's heroes are very often a dispute with oneself, confirmation and instant refutation of the thesis just put forward, an endless “discussion” of different facets of a human character within the framework of one personality. In The Hero of Our Time, the subject of Pechorin's reflections was the duality of his character; in Crime and Punishment, the split soul and consciousness of the protagonist are directly conveyed by antitheses in internal monologues. An example is Raskolnikov's reflection after the murder of an old woman: “Mother, sister, how I loved them! Why do I hate them now? Love and hate are united in Raskolnikov's soul, arguing for different "voices".
Like a madman, I jumped out onto the porch, jumped on my Circassian, who was led around the yard, and set off at full speed on the road to Pyatigorsk. I mercilessly drove the exhausted horse, which, wheezing and covered in foam, raced me along the rocky road.
The sun was already hidden in a black cloud resting on the crest of the western mountains; the valley became dark and damp. Podkumok, making his way over the stones, roared muffled and monotonous. I jumped, panting with impatience. The thought of not finding her in Pyatigorsk hit my heart like a hammer! - one minute, one more minute to see her, to say goodbye, to shake her hand ... I prayed, cursed, cried, laughed ... no, nothing will express my anxiety, despair! .. With the opportunity to lose her forever, Vera became dearer to me everything in the world - dearer than life, honor, happiness! God knows what strange, what frenzied ideas were swarming in my head...
mercilessly. And so I began to notice that my horse was breathing more heavily; he had already stumbled twice out of the blue... There were five versts left to Essentuki, a Cossack village where I could change horses.
Everything would have been saved if my horse had had enough strength for another ten minutes! But suddenly rising from a small ravine, when leaving the mountains, on sharp turn, he hit the ground. I quickly jumped off, I want to pick him up, I pull on the reins - in vain: a barely audible groan escaped through his clenched teeth; after a few minutes he died; I was left alone in the steppe, having lost last hope; I tried to walk - my legs buckled; exhausted by the anxieties of the day and insomnia, I fell on the wet grass and wept like a child.
And for a long time I lay motionless and wept bitterly, not trying to hold back my tears and sobs; I thought my chest would burst; all my hardness, all my composure - vanished like smoke. The soul was exhausted, the mind fell silent, and if at that moment someone saw me, he would have turned away with contempt.
When the night dew and the mountain wind refreshed my hot head and my thoughts returned to their usual order, I realized that it was useless and reckless to pursue lost happiness. What else do I need? - to see her? - For what? isn't it all over between us? One bitter farewell kiss will not enrich my memories, and after it it will only be more difficult for us to part.
I am, however, pleased that I can cry! However, perhaps this is caused by upset nerves, a night spent without sleep, two minutes against the muzzle of a gun and an empty stomach.
All goes to good! this new suffering, in a military style, made a happy diversion in me. It's great to cry; and then, probably, if I had not ridden on horseback and had not been forced to walk fifteen versts on the way back, then that night sleep would not have closed my eyes.
I returned to Kislovodsk at five o'clock in the morning, flung myself on my bed, and fell asleep after the Waterloo sleep of Napoleon.
When I woke up, it was already dark outside. I sat down at the open window, unbuttoned my jacket, and the mountain wind refreshed my chest, not yet calmed by the heavy sleep of fatigue. Away beyond the river, through the tops of the dense linden trees that overshadow it, fire flickered in the buildings of the fortress and suburb. Everything was quiet in our yard, it was dark in the princess's house.
The doctor went up: his forehead was furrowed; and he, contrary to his custom, did not extend his hand to me.
Where are you from, doctor?
From Princess Ligovskaya; her daughter is ill - the relaxation of the nerves ... Yes, that's not the point, but this: the authorities guess, and although nothing can be positively proven, however, I advise you to be more careful. The princess told me today that she knows that you were shooting for her daughter. This old man told her everything ... what do you mean by him? He witnessed your skirmish with Grushnitsky in the restaurant. I came to warn you. Farewell. Maybe we won't see each other again, they'll send you somewhere.
He stopped on the threshold: he wanted to shake my hand ... and if I showed him the slightest desire for this, he would throw himself on my neck; but I remained as cold as a stone - and he went out.
Here are the people! all of them are like this: they know in advance all the bad sides of an act, they help, advise, even approve it, seeing the impossibility of another means - and then they wash their hands and turn away indignantly from the one who had the courage to take on all the burden of responsibility. All of them are like that, even the kindest, most intelligent! ..
(M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time")
IN 1. Indicate the title of the chapter of the novel "A Hero of Our Time", from which
snippet taken.
AT 2. On whose behalf is the story being told in this passage?
AT 3. What is the name of figurative medium, which uses
AT 4. Indicate the name of the means of allegorical expressiveness: “a thought ... hit my heart with a hammer”,
AT 5. What is the name of the visual medium? like a child cried", "remained cold, like a stone»?
AT 6. What is the name of the hidden mockery to which the author resorts: “However, maybe this is caused by upset nerves, a night spent without sleep, two minutes against the muzzle of a gun and an empty stomach”?
AT 7. What is the name of a compositional technique based on the depiction of pictures of nature in literature (for example, the morning after the chase)?
C1. What exactly made Pechorin chase and what character traits of the hero appeared in this scene?
C2. What are the main features of Lermontov's psychologism and which of the writers can be called the successor of his traditions in depicting the "human soul"?
IN 1. Princess Mary
AT 2. Pechorin
AT 3. personification
AT 4. Metaphor
AT 5. Comparison
AT 6. Irony
AT 7. Scenery
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their characteristics given in the novel. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
AT 4. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their future fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
I sometimes despise myself... isn't that why I despise others too?... I have become incapable of noble impulses; I'm afraid to seem ridiculous to myself. Someone else in my place would have suggested to the princess son coeur et sa fortune;14 but the word marry has some magical power over me: no matter how passionately I love a woman, if she only makes me feel that I should marry her, forgive me. Love! my heart turns to stone and nothing will warm it up again. I am ready for all sacrifices except this one; twenty times my life, I'll even put my honor on the line... but I won't sell my freedom. Why do I treasure her so much? what do I need in it?.. where am I preparing myself? what do I expect from the future?.. Really, absolutely nothing. This is some kind of innate fear, an inexplicable premonition ... After all, there are people who are unconsciously afraid of spiders, cockroaches, mice ... Must I confess? .. When I was still a child, one old woman wondered about me to my mother; she predicted my death from an evil wife; This struck me deeply at the time; an irresistible aversion to marriage was born in my soul ... Meanwhile, something tells me that her prediction will come true; At least I will try to make it come true as soon as possible.
IN 1. What chapter of M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time” is the above fragment of Pechorin’s diary a part of?
AT 2. What is the city in which the action of this chapter of Lermontov's novel takes place?
AT 3. Features of what literary trend are preserved in Lermontov's prose, which creates the image of a lonely, exceptional and mysterious hero acting in exceptional circumstances?
AT 4. What is the name of the form of a detailed statement of the hero, addressed to himself (Pechorin's diary reflections), to readers or to other characters in the novel?
AT 5. Indicate the name of the artistic technique of exaggeration, the purpose of which is to enhance the expressiveness of the hero's speech: "twenty times your life, I’ll even put honor on the line…”
AT 6. What artistic trope is used in this fragment of the text to create the image of a selfish, insensitive, cruel hero - “My heart turns to stone?
AT 7. Indicate the name of the famous poem by M.Yu. Lermontov, with which the novel “A Hero of Our Time” ideologically and thematically echoes.
C1. What role do diary entries play in the composition of M.Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?
C2. What problem of the novel do the questions asked by the hero to himself in the above fragment echo, and how do they correlate with the problems of other works of Russian classics.
IN 1. "Princess Mary"
AT 2. Pyatigorsk
AT 3. Romanticism
AT 4. Monologue
AT 5. Hyperbola
AT 6. Metaphor
AT 7. "Thought"
Vasily Petrovich, - said the captain, going up to the major, - he will not give up - I know him. And if the door is broken, then many of our people will be killed. Wouldn't you rather shoot him? there is a wide gap in the shutter.
At that moment, a strange thought flashed through my head: like Vulich, I decided to try my luck.
- Wait, - I said to the major, I'll take him alive.
Ordering the captain to start a conversation with him and placing three Cossacks at the door, ready to knock her out, and rush to my aid at this sign, I went around the hut and approached the fateful window. My heart was beating fast.
- Oh, you're cursed! - shouted Yesaul. - What are you, laughing at us, or what? Or do you think that we can not cope with you? - He began to knock on the door with all his might, I, putting my eye to the crack, followed the movements of the Cossack, who did not expect an attack from this side, - and suddenly tore off the shutter and rushed headfirst into the window. A shot rang out just above my ear, the bullet tore off the epaulette. But the smoke that filled the room prevented my opponent from finding the saber that lay beside him. I grabbed his hands; the Cossacks burst in, and three minutes had not passed before the criminal was tied up and taken away under escort. The people dispersed. The officers congratulated me - for sure, it was with what!
After all this, how would it seem not to become a fatalist? But who knows for sure whether he is convinced of something or not? .. and how often we mistake for conviction a deception of the senses or a mistake of reason! ..
I like to doubt everything: this disposition of the mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of character - on the contrary, as far as I am concerned, I always go forward bolder when I do not know what awaits me. After all, nothing worse than death will happen - and death cannot be avoided!
Returning to the fortress, I told Maxim Maksimych everything that had happened to me and what I had witnessed, and wished to know his opinion about predestination. At first he did not understand this word, but I explained it as well as I could, and then he said, shaking his head significantly:
- Yes, sir! of course! This is a rather tricky thing! .. However, these Asian triggers often fail if they are poorly lubricated or if you do not press hard enough with your finger; I confess that I also do not like Circassian rifles; they are somehow indecent to our brother: the butt is small, and look, it will burn your nose ... But their checkers are just my respect!
Then he said, after some thought:
- Yes, it’s a pity for the poor fellow ... The devil pulled him to talk with a drunk at night! .. However, it’s clear that it was written in his family ...
I could get nothing more from him: he does not like metaphysical discussions at all.
(M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time")
B1 What is the name of the chapter (story) of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov, a fragment from which you read?
B2 Write out the phrase from the text, which in this fragment is an assessment of the internal, psychological state of the hero who decided to "try his luck."
VZ Indicate the term used to describe the detailed reasoning of the hero, addressed to himself?
B4 What is the name of the hero on whose behalf the story is being told in this chapter.
B5 What socio-psychological type, well-known in literary criticism, is this hero traditionally attributed to?
B6 Indicate the term that denotes the way of displaying the inner, emotional experiences of the Lermontov hero: his desire for maximum self-expression and self-analysis, the diary nature of the narrative, etc.
B7 What is a conversation between two (or more) characters called in a literary work?
C1. What is the difference and what is the similarity of the explanations that Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych give to the tragic events of the story?
C2. In what works of classical literature does the theme of fate, predestination sound in one way or another, and how do these works relate to Lermontov's novel A Hero of Our Time?
IN 1. Fatalist
AT 2. "weird thought"
AT 3. Internal monologue
AT 4. Pechorin
AT 5. Extra person
AT 6. Psychologism
Soon everyone went home, talking variously about Vulich's whims and, probably with one voice, calling me an egoist, because I bet against a man who wanted to shoot himself; as if he could not find a convenient opportunity without me! ..
I returned home through the empty lanes of the village; the moon, full and red, like the glow of a fire, began to appear from behind the jagged horizon of houses; the stars shone calmly on the dark blue vault, and it became funny to me when I remembered that there were once wise people who thought that the luminaries of heaven take part in our insignificant disputes for a piece of land or for some fictitious rights! .. And that and? these lamps, lit, in their opinion, only to illuminate their battles and celebrations, burn with their former brilliance, and their passions and hopes have long been extinguished with them, like a light lit at the edge of the forest by a careless wanderer! But on the other hand, what strength of will gave them the confidence that the whole sky with its countless inhabitants was looking at them with participation, although mute, but unchanged! .. And we, their miserable
descendants wandering the earth without conviction and pride, without pleasure and fear, except for that involuntary fear that squeezes the heart at the thought of an inevitable end, we are no longer capable of great sacrifices either for the good of mankind, or even for our own happiness, therefore we know its impossibility and indifferently we pass from doubt to doubt, as our ancestors rushed from one error to another, having, like them, neither hope, nor even that indefinite, although true pleasure that the soul meets in any struggle with people or fate ...
And many other similar thoughts passed through my mind; I didn't hold them back because I don't like dwelling on some abstract thought. And what does this lead to?.. In my early youth I was a dreamer, I loved to caress alternately now gloomy, now rosy images that my restless and greedy imagination painted for me. But what is left of this for me? only tiredness, as after a nightly battle with a ghost, and a vague memory full of regrets. In this futile struggle, I exhausted both the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will necessary for real life; I entered this life, having already experienced it mentally, and I became bored and disgusted, like someone who reads a bad imitation of a book he has long known.
(M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time")
IN 1. Which chapter of the novel is the above piece of text a part of?
AT 2. Indicate the name of the plot-compositional element of the work of art, which is a description of nature (“the stars shone calmly ...”).
AT 3. What artistic technique does he repeatedly resort to, “hopes have long faded with them, like a flame lit at the edge of the forest" etc.?
AT 4. What is the name of the form of a detailed statement of the hero, addressed to himself and uttered in his own thoughts (reflections of Pechorin walking along the night road)?
AT 5. What are the names of the figurative definitions found in the cited fragment of the text: “ careless wanderer", " restless imagination", " iridescent images”, etc.?
AT 6. From the first paragraph of the fragment, write out the word-characteristic that Pechorin "rewards" himself.
AT 7. Indicate the name of the artistic technique based on the opposition of various phenomena and underlying the composition of this fragment: “ passion and hope ancestors opposed "doubts and delusions" descendants.
C1. What topics that are significant for the whole novel does Lermontov raise in this fragment of the text?
C2. Why is the question of the predestination of fate so preoccupied by Pechorin, and in what works of Russian classics are such issues raised.
IN 1. "Fatalist"
AT 2. Scenery
AT 3. Comparison
AT 4. Internal monologue
AT 5. epithets
AT 6. Egoist
Yesterday I arrived in Pyatigorsk, rented an apartment on the edge of the city, on the highest place, at the foot of Mashuk: during a thunderstorm, clouds will descend to my roof. This morning at five o'clock, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden. Branches of blossoming cherries look out my windows, and the wind sometimes strews my desk with their white petals. The view from three sides is wonderful. To the west, the five-headed Beshtu turns blue, like "the last cloud of a scattered storm"; Mashuk rises to the north, like a shaggy Persian hat, and covers this entire part of the sky; it’s more fun to look to the east: down below, a clean, new town is full of colors in front of me, healing springs are rustling, a multilingual crowd is rustling, - and there, further, mountains are piled up like an amphitheater, all bluer and more foggy, and on the edge of the horizon stretches a silver chain of snow peaks, starting with Kazbek and ending two-headed Elborus... It's fun to live in such a land! Some kind of gratifying feeling is poured into all my veins. The air is pure and fresh, like the kiss of a child; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what would seem more? - why are there passions, desires, regrets? .. However, it's time. I’ll go to the Elizabethan spring: they say that the whole water community gathers there in the morning.Descending into the middle of the city, I went along the boulevard, where I met several sad groups slowly going up the hill; they were for the most part families of steppe landlords; this could be immediately guessed from the worn, old-fashioned frock coats of the husbands and from the exquisite outfits of the wives and daughters; Evidently, they had all the youth of the water already on the list, because they looked at me with tender curiosity: the Petersburg cut of the frock coat misled them, but, soon recognizing the army epaulettes, they turned away indignantly.
The wives of the local authorities, mistresses of the waters, so to speak, were more benevolent; they have lorgnettes, they pay less attention to their uniforms, they are accustomed in the Caucasus to meet an ardent heart under a numbered button and an educated mind under a white cap. These ladies are very sweet; and long cute! Every year their admirers are replaced by new ones, and this, perhaps, is the secret of their indefatigable courtesy. Climbing up the narrow path to the Elizabethan spring, I overtook a crowd of men, civilians and military men, who, as I later learned, constitute a special class of people between those who yearn for the movement of water. They drink - but not water, walk a little, drag only in passing; they play and complain of boredom. They are dandies: lowering their braided glass into a well of sour water, they assume academic poses: civilians wear light blue ties, the military let out a ruff from behind the collar. They profess a deep contempt for provincial houses and sigh for the aristocratic living rooms of the capital, where they are not allowed.
Finally, here is the well ... On the site near it, a house was built with a red roof over the bath, and farther away is a gallery where people walk when it rains. Several wounded officers were sitting on a bench, picking up their crutches, pale and sad. Several ladies were walking quickly up and down the platform, waiting for the action of the waters. Between them were two or three pretty faces. Under the vine alleys covering the slope of Mashuk, sometimes the colorful hats of lovers of solitude together flashed by, because I always noticed near such a hat either a military cap or an ugly round hat. On the steep rock where the pavilion called the Aeolian Harp was built, lovers of the views stuck out and pointed their telescope at Elborus; between them were two tutors with their pupils, who had come to be treated for scrofula.
