Ostap Bender - who is he: collective image, or prototype specific person? For many years it was believed that I. Ilf and E. Petrov assembled this hero from several people, and thereby challenged the way of life of that time.

After the publication of the novel, a search was conducted for prototypes of the heroes of “The Twelve Chairs” and for many they were discovered, but Ostap Bender’s drowning figure could not be found.

B.E. Gallonov suggested that under this image appeared Mitya Bender, who was an Odessa friend of Ilf and Petrov. Another writer is R.A. Alexandrov in his book “Walks along literary Odessa"suggested that the prototype of the main character is Mitya Agapov. But these versions turned out to be erroneous.

In fact, there was a prototype, and his name was Osip Shor. He was born on May 30, 1899 in Nikopol. After his parents moved to Odessa, he began to live on Poltava Victory Street in house No. 78.

He entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Novorossiysk University, he did not study for long, and in 1916 he went to St. Petersburg, not having a penny to his name, to enter the Institute of Technology named after Nicholas I at the Faculty of Mechanics. But he did not remain a student for long. Osip was full of brilliant ideas, which were mainly associated with the dream of finding a goose that would lay him golden eggs.

And he found her, literally. A chicken without feathers was presented at an agricultural exhibition. Many meat breeders came to Odessa to visit a scientific society, where one professor gave a lecture on progress in meat production. This professor was Ostap Shor in disguise.

The newly created company “Ideal Chicken” (which is not the prototype of “Horns and Hooves”) signed several contracts with Russian poultry farms for the supply of poultry, but the promised goods were not provided. Although the breeders tried to find the professor, they only found a chicken with a note: “We, Odessa breeders, also bred a chicken without a head and bones.”

Osip Shor was able to come up with several more ideas, thanks to which he had honor not only among respected people, but also in the criminal world. Thus, he helped the merchant Kutyakin get rid of his competitor in the wine business - the merchant Rosenbaum. Bandit Vaska Kosoy gave the idea of ​​how to rob a bank, disguised as chimney sweeps.

He gave his most brilliant idea to Rabbi Bershtein - to sell places in heaven. To make it more convincing, a map of heaven was posted. Everyone could choose for themselves for money perfect place. Thanks to this trick, the rabbi renovated his house and synagogue.

Traveling for nine months from Moscow to Odessa, Shor did everything he could to survive: he pretended to be a grandmaster, not knowing how to play chess, he was an artist, he came to various establishments and introduced himself as a fire inspector... And he even married plump woman, who appeared in the novel as Madame Gritsatsueva.

Returning to Odessa, he became an investigator for the fight against banditry of the Odessa Criminal Investigation Department. For interrogations with bias, he received the “Greyhound Opera” clique.

Mishka Yaponchik, who was rampaging in Odessa at that time, wanted to shoot Osip, but instead he missed 4 of his accomplices. The bandits found another way to take revenge on the “greyhound opera” and killed his brother, the poet Anatoly Fioletov. After that, he vowed not to take up arms, quit his job and moved to Petrograd. In 1922 he went to prison due to a fight. Because of his combat history, Shor is quickly released. In 1934 he moved to Chelyabinsk, to his friend Vasily Ilyichev. In 1937 they were arrested, but he managed to escape from the NKVD! He hides in Leningrad for a long time, and then leaves for Moscow, to his friend, the author of “Three Fat Men” Yuri Oleshin.

After the war, Shor moved to Moscow and worked until the end as a conductor on the Moscow-Tashkent train. He had no family or children. He lived to be 80 and died in 1978.

Thanks to the talent of I. Ilf and E. Petrov, the image of Osip Shor, as well as his human qualities were supplemented, and the novel gained international fame.

Contemporaries of Kablukov, who came to work at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy (Timiryazevka) in 1899, recalled: he was wonderful person, but absent-minded is simply phenomenal. There have never been as many jokes about Ivan Kablukov about any other scientist. For example, they said that Ivan Alekseevich sometimes swapped his first and last name in documents and instead of “Ivan Kablukov” he wrote “Heel Ivanov.” One day the professor was walking with one foot on the pavement and the other on the sidewalk and lamented: “He’s limping for some reason, you know.” And academician Irakli Sinyagin described that he himself heard Kablukov “instead of saying “the great Russian chemists Mendeleev and Menshutkin,” suddenly blurted out “the great Russian chemist Mendelshutkin.” The funny scientist was a record holder for slips of the tongue and was very embarrassed about it, which made him even more confused.

In terms of the number of reservations, Ivan Kablukov was the leader, says the doctor. historical sciences Alexander Orishev, whose monograph “Secrets of Russian Agrarian Science: Timiryazev’s Breakthrough” describes many funny incidents from the life of an absent-minded chemist. - Once, describing the Crimean coast, he said: “There is such beauty there: all around, wherever you look, there is only grief and pestilence.” Another time he announced that he had heard a Mendelhoven symphony. He also said that “in America, great writers, such as Tolstoyevsky, are very revered.”

Instead of the words “chemistry and physics,” Professor Kablukov could say “chemist and physics.” And one day, instead of the phrase: “the flask burst, and a piece of glass fell into the eye,” he blurted out: “the flask burst, and a piece of the eye fell into the glass.” Well, the spitting image of Absent-minded from Basseynaya Street.

Remember at Marshak's?

« Dear Carriage!

Dear Carriage Dear Deeply Respected!

Through thick and thin

I have to go.

Is it possible by the tram

Stop the train station? »

There are other examples:

« Instead of a hat on the go

He put the frying pan on.

Instead of felt boots, gloves

Pulled it down on my heels» .

The prototype of the Absent-Minded One did not put gloves on his feet, but similar cases also happened to him. So once Ivan Alekseevich came out to give a lecture in only a robe. No pants.

In the memoirs of Kablukov’s contemporaries there is a story about galoshes. It’s as if the scientist took them off on the tram, and a few minutes later asked: “Whose are these?” The passengers remained silent. And then the professor threw the galoshes into the street. Arriving at the lecture, he wondered where his shoes could have gone.

And one day Ivan Alekseevich appeared in the audience wearing shoes of different colors: black on his right foot, red on his left. When one of the students pointed out the mistake to the professor, he quickly changed his shoes: right leg I put on a red shoe and a black one on my left.

There was also such an anecdotal incident. The professor, having learned that one of his students was in the hospital with meningitis, told the audience: “Meningitis is a dangerous disease. A person dies or, after being cured, remains a fool forever. For example, in my younger years I also suffered from this disease.”

Ivan Alekseevich guessed that Marshak copied his Scattered One from him, Orishev assures. “In a conversation with Samuil Yakovlevich’s brother, Ilya, he, of course, aimed at me!”

Marshak himself insisted that the image of the Absent-Minded One is a collective one. But in the rough drafts of the poem, the poet gave his hero a “shoe” surname: first Bashmakov, then Kablukov. Historians say that Marshak did not know the professor, but he certainly heard jokes about him. Now it is unknown which of them were really associated with the name of Ivan Alekseevich, and which were taken from the parodies of Lev Koblinsky, who loved to “go through” the person of the unlucky scientist, but in the memoirs of Samuil Yakovlevich you can read: “When I wrote my humorous poem, I partly I meant the charming and - inimitable in his absent-mindedness - remarkable scientist and excellent person I. A. Kablukov.”

BY THE WAY

The poem “Here is how absent-minded” is called the most popular in the work of Samuil Marshak. It was written in 1930 and has been republished several times since then. Marshak did not know Professor Kablukov, but he had heard many anecdotes about him.

REFERENCE

Ivan Kablukov (1857–1942). Born in the village of Prussy, Moscow province, in the family of a dentist. Honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, founder of the school of physical chemists in Russia, who laid the foundation for the unification of the chemical and physical theory of solutions. Hero of Labor.

There was a professor at the Timiryazev Academy, Ivan Kablukov. Anecdotal personality.

Contemporaries of Kablukov, who came to work at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy (Timiryazevka) in 1899, recalled: he was a wonderful person, but simply phenomenally absent-minded. There have never been as many jokes about Ivan Kablukov about any other scientist. For example, they said that Ivan Alekseevich sometimes swapped his first and last name in documents and instead of “Ivan Kablukov” he wrote “Heel Ivanov.” One day the professor was walking with one foot on the pavement and the other on the sidewalk and lamented: “He’s limping for some reason, you know.” And academician Irakli Sinyagin described that he himself heard Kablukov “instead of saying “the great Russian chemists Mendeleev and Menshutkin,” suddenly blurted out “the great Russian chemist Mendelshutkin.” The funny scientist was a record holder for slips of the tongue and was very embarrassed about it, which made him even more confused.

In terms of the number of reservations, Ivan Kablukov was the leader, says Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander Orishev, whose monograph “Secrets of Russian Agrarian Science: Timiryazev’s Breakthrough” describes many funny incidents from the life of an absent-minded chemist. - Once, describing the Crimean coast, he said: “There is such beauty there: all around, no matter where you look, there is only grief and pestilence.” Another time he announced that he had heard a Mendelhoven symphony. He also said that “in America, great writers, such as Tolstoyevsky, are very revered.”

Instead of the words “chemistry and physics,” Professor Kablukov could say “chemist and physics.” And one day, instead of the phrase: “the flask burst, and a piece of glass fell into the eye,” he blurted out: “the flask burst, and a piece of the eye fell into the glass.” Well, the spitting image of Absent-minded from Basseynaya Street.

Remember at Marshak's?

"Dear Carriage!

Dear Carriage Dear Deeply Respected!

Through thick and thin

I have to go.

Is it possible by the tram

Stop the train station?

There are other examples:

"Instead of a hat on the go

He put on the frying pan.

Instead of felt boots, gloves

I pulled it on my heels.”

The prototype of the Absent-Minded One did not put gloves on his feet, but similar cases also happened to him. So once Ivan Alekseevich came out to give a lecture in only a robe. No pants.

In the memoirs of Kablukov’s contemporaries there is a story about galoshes. It’s as if the scientist took them off on the tram, and a few minutes later asked: “Whose are these?” The passengers remained silent. And then the professor threw the galoshes into the street. Arriving at the lecture, he wondered where his shoes could have gone.

And one day Ivan Alekseevich appeared in the audience wearing shoes of different colors: black on his right foot, red on his left. When one of the students pointed out the mistake to the professor, he quickly changed his shoes: he put on a red shoe on his right foot, and a black one on his left.

There was also such an anecdotal incident. The professor, having learned that one of his students was in the hospital with meningitis, told the audience: “Meningitis is a dangerous disease. A person dies or, after being cured, remains a fool forever. For example, in my younger years I also suffered from this disease.”

Ivan Alekseevich guessed that Marshak copied his Scattered One from him, Orishev assures. “In a conversation with Samuil Yakovlevich’s brother, Ilya, he, of course, aimed at me!”

Marshak himself insisted that the image of the Absent-Minded One is a collective one. But in the rough drafts of the poem, the poet gave his hero a “shoe” surname: first Bashmakov, then Kablukov. Historians say that Marshak did not know the professor, but he certainly heard jokes about him. Now it is unknown which of them were really associated with the name of Ivan Alekseevich, and which were taken from the parodies of Lev Koblinsky, who loved to “go through” the person of the unlucky scientist, but in the memoirs of Samuil Yakovlevich you can read: “When I wrote my humorous poem, I partly I meant the charming and - inimitable in his absent-mindedness - remarkable scientist and excellent person I. A. Kablukov.”

Education

Who is the prototype of Ilya Muromets?

Ilya Muromets is a textbook character ancient Russian culture. Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian researchers consider him a hero. There are many legends associated with his name: in at least 14 stories he is mentioned as real acting character. But who is the prototype of Ilya Muromets - epic hero and defender of Rus'? Let's try to figure it out.

Origin of the hero

According to legend, for the first 33 years of his life Ilya Muromets was disabled - he did not get up from the stove and was a huge burden for his parents. After the visit of the mysterious “walkers,” Ilya stood up and “filled with strength,” that is, he became a hero. This plot is repeated in variations in various legends and has only slight changes among different peoples.

Such a multifaceted hero, whose reality was proven by reliable information, could not help but have real prototype. They searched for Ilya Muromets in all cities and populated areas Kievan Rus, but there is practically no real evidence of the place of his birth. With a certain degree of certainty, we can only indicate the burial place of the epic hero: the Near Caves of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. There the prototype of Ilya of Muromets rests under the name of St. Elijah along with 69 other saints. It was these remains that became the object of study by historians.

This one or not that one?

Researchers compared the remains of St. Elijah with the information presented in the epic about Ilya of Muromets. The real prototype must have the same physical characteristics as the epic hero. This is partially confirmed by examination: Ilya had a tall height for that time - 177 cm. In those days tall men barely reached 165 cm. The bones of the saint had developed tubercles in place of muscles - this additionally indicates a well-developed physical system.

In addition, the remains of the saint must show signs of the disease that Muromets suffered during the first stage of his life.

Video on the topic

Joint disease

As mentioned above, in the first part of his life, Ilya was disabled. Only after healing in the 33rd year of his life did Ilya’s strength return, and he became a warrior of the Prince of Kyiv.

An X-ray examination confirmed that the prototype of Ilya Muromets, the epic hero whose relics are kept in the monastery, actually suffered from spondyloarthrosis, which in its progressive stage can impede the patient’s movements. This disease is characterized by loss of mobility of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae and can lead to complete immobilization of a person.

Miraculous healing

One of the most effective methods The treatment for spondyloarthrosis is massage. A good chiropractor can really restore a patient's motor functions through massage and realignment of the vertebrae. So the mysterious “walking pots” could really contribute to the restoration of the health of the prototype of Ilya Muromets.

The hero and the saint

It is interesting to compare the epic Elijah with Elijah the saint. First, let's go through the merits of the saint. Oddly enough, there is no canonical life of St. Elijah - apparently, he did not devote much time to spiritual matters. They can tell a little about him: that after a glorious military career, Ilya took monastic vows and ended his days as a monk at the Theodosius Monastery.

Much more attention is paid to the worldly life of the hero. According to various sources, his place of birth was not modern Murom and its environs, but a small town in the Chernigov region. Then it's explained enough fast way Ilya from his native village to the capital city - according to various sources, the journey took three to four days.

The legends say a lot about the military exploits of the hero. This includes clearing trade routes to Kyiv and defeating the Nightingale the Robber. A fairly free account of all the battles involving Muromets and his comrades was recently presented in a cartoon by the Melnitsa studio.

The last years of the hero

The fame of Ilya Muromets spread far beyond the borders of Rus'. His name, for example, appears in Germanic legends. But the end of his life is practically not reflected in legends. It is believed that the prototype of Ilya Muromets finished its military career even before the age of 50 - by those standards, he was already a gray-haired old man. It is quite possible that the hero took tonsure during the time of the abbess of the Monk Polycarp.

Judging by the surviving records, Ilya did not become a monk for long. The elder likely died in 1204, when the monastery in which he lived was attacked by the Polovtsians.

Identification

The first scientific attempts to identify the relics of St. Elijah date back to 19th century, although before this period the identity of the relics of St. Elijah and the epic hero was not questioned. For example, the pilgrim Leonty, who lived in the 18th century, when visiting the Lavra, has no doubt that he saw the tomb of Ilya Muromets, and he also drew attention to the death of the hero from a wound in the heart. IN Soviet times little attention was paid to the opinion of the pilgrims: communist ideology sought to make a simple Russian hero out of the Orthodox hero, removing from the chronicles entire layers of legends about the divine gift of Elijah. Yes, nowhere in Soviet encyclopedias it is not mentioned that those same Kaliki in Christianity were identified with the apostles, and their unusual strength and Elijah owed his wisdom to God.

Church position

The Church has never prevented the study of the relics of the epic hero. From the point of view of Orthodoxy, any miracle - even a miracle of healing - must be confirmed material evidence: confirmation of facts does not stop a miracle from being a miracle. Special meaning given that Elijah’s fingers were folded in a prayer position in the way that the Church now prescribes - three fingers together, and two bent to the palms. This further indicates the continuity of modern church rites, which trace their origins to Orthodox traditions ancient Rus'.

Serious work to identify the remains of Rev. Ilya was carried out by Ukrainian scientists in 1988: an interdepartmental examination conducted a serious forensic analysis of the monastic remains. To obtain reliable data, the most modern methods and equipment at that time were used. The results were amazing. The age of the deceased was determined to within five years, and congenital defects of the bones and spine were confirmed. The death of the hero dates back to the 11th-12th centuries.

conclusions

To sum up, we can say that all the conclusions made in the process of studying the remains of the Monk Elijah completely fall into line with the ancient hero. It can be said with a high degree of probability that Rev. Ilya is the prototype of Ilya Muromets - all the stories are about him miraculous healing are fully confirmed scientific facts, so the question of who is the prototype of Ilya Muromets, the epic hero, can be considered closed.

Ostap Bender - who is he: a collective image, or a prototype of a specific person? For many years it was believed that I. Ilf and E. Petrov assembled this hero from several people, and thereby challenged the way of life of that time.

After the publication of the novel, a search was conducted for prototypes of the heroes of “The Twelve Chairs” and for many they were discovered, but Ostap Bender’s drowning figure could not be found.

B.E. Gallonov suggested that under this image appeared Mitya Bender, who was an Odessa friend of Ilf and Petrov. Another writer, R.A. Aleksandrov, in his book “Walks in Literary Odessa,” suggested that the prototype of the main character is Mitya Agapov. But these versions turned out to be erroneous.

In fact, there was a prototype, and his name was Osip Shor. He was born on May 30, 1899 in Nikopol. After his parents moved to Odessa, he began to live on Poltava Victory Street in house No. 78.

He entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Novorossiysk University, he did not study for long, and in 1916 he went to St. Petersburg, penniless, to enter the Technological Institute named after Nicholas I at the Faculty of Mechanics. But he did not remain a student for long. Osip was full of brilliant ideas, which were mainly associated with the dream of finding a goose that would lay him golden eggs.

And he found her, literally. A chicken without feathers was presented at an agricultural exhibition. Many meat breeders came to Odessa to visit a scientific society, where one professor gave a lecture on progress in meat production. This professor was Ostap Shor in disguise.

The newly created company “Ideal Chicken” (which is not the prototype of “Horns and Hooves”) signed several contracts with Russian poultry farms for the supply of poultry, but the promised goods were not provided. Although the breeders tried to find the professor, they only found a chicken with a note: “We, Odessa breeders, also bred a chicken without a head and bones.”

Osip Shor was able to come up with several more ideas, thanks to which he had honor not only among respected people, but also in the criminal world. Thus, he helped the merchant Kutyakin get rid of his competitor in the wine business - the merchant Rosenbaum. Bandit Vaska Kosoy gave the idea of ​​how to rob a bank, disguised as chimney sweeps.

He gave his most brilliant idea to Rabbi Bershtein - to sell places in heaven. To make it more convincing, a map of heaven was posted. Anyone could choose an ideal place for money. Thanks to this trick, the rabbi renovated his house and synagogue.

Traveling for nine months from Moscow to Odessa, Shor did everything he could to survive: he pretended to be a grandmaster, not knowing how to play chess, he was an artist, he came to various establishments and introduced himself as a fire inspector... And he even married a plump woman, who in the novel appeared as Madame Gritsatsueva .

Returning to Odessa, he became an investigator for the fight against banditry of the Odessa Criminal Investigation Department. For interrogations with bias, he received the “Greyhound Opera” clique.

Mishka Yaponchik, who was rampaging in Odessa at that time, wanted to shoot Osip, but instead he missed 4 of his accomplices. The bandits found another way to take revenge on the “greyhound opera” and killed his brother, the poet Anatoly Fioletov. After that, he vowed not to take up arms, quit his job and moved to Petrograd. In 1922 he went to prison due to a fight. Because of his combat history, Shor is quickly released. In 1934 he moved to Chelyabinsk, to his friend Vasily Ilyichev. In 1937 they were arrested, but he managed to escape from the NKVD! He hides in Leningrad for a long time, and then leaves for Moscow, to his friend, the author of “Three Fat Men” Yuri Olesha.

After the war, Shor moved to Moscow and worked until the end as a conductor on the Moscow-Tashkent train. He had no family or children. He lived to be 80 and died in 1978.

Thanks to the talent of I. Ilf and E. Petrov, the image of Osip Shor, as well as his human qualities, were complemented, and the novel received international fame.