He wrote the novel "Sevastopol", the novels "The Fall of Dair", "Station Stations", autobiographical novel"People from the Outback".
In 1910 he graduated with a silver medal from the 1st Penza gymnasium, then from St. Petersburg University. Served in the Black Sea Fleet. In 1918-1919 he lived in Penza, Mokshan and Saransk, collaborated under the pseudonyms Bobyl Antipka, Al. Yuryev and Moryak in Penza newspapers. Member of the Civil War. Then he lived in Moscow, worked at the Military Academy and the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. He wrote the novel "Sevastopol", the novels "The Fall of Dair", "Station Stations", the autobiographical novel "People from the Outback".
The writer came to Penza at the end of January 1938 to collect materials “about the new industrial Penza”, he was going to write a play for the Penza theater, but on August 3 a mournful message came about his death. In 1950, his collection Stories, Essays, Screenplays was published in Penza. Books by A.G. Malyshkin have been translated into foreign languages. A street in Penza bears his name. In March 1977, as part of the regional local history museum in Mokshan the museum-apartment of A.G. Malyshkin was opened. In 1984, it was transformed into a branch of the Association of Literary and Memorial Museums of the Penza Region.
The museum includes two expositions: memorial and domestic, located in former home Malyshkins, and literary, located in the Novitsky house, adjacent to the house of the writer's parents. During the restoration work carried out in 1989, the layout of the house was restored. The exposition presents the personal belongings of the writer, furniture, household items that belonged to members of the Malyshkin family. Malyshkinsky readings are held in the museum.
Modern novelist.
In 1917-1918 he worked in the Black Sea Fleet, in 1918 he was evacuated to the north with the last sailor echelon. Conducted operational work in the Red Army in the East.
Turkestan and Southern fronts.
He took part in operations to seize the Crimea. M.'s first story - "The Fall of Dair" - was written in 1921. He was a member of the literary organization "Pass". At present, he is one of the leaders of the Vseros. union Soviet writers, member of the editorial board of the journal. " New world". The material for the works of M., with rare exceptions, is the civil war. In the first period of creativity, especially in The Fall of Dair, M. deploys the theme of the iron laws of the revolution.
On the world, dying in "mortal, crazy agony", "formations of the hordes" moved, millions, through hunger and devastation, "intoxicated went to the singing of fanfare - on the wings of fairy tales about the coming centuries" ("Dair's Fall"). The "law of the masses" knows no exceptions, the "hammer of the multitudes" strikes without mercy.
And in the majestic epic of the artistically transformed fall of Perekop, M. shows how, in the terrible tension of the struggle, the army of the revolution of the proletariat breaks through to Dair (Crimea) to the "beautiful centuries". "The Fall of Dair" is distinguished by extreme artistic abstraction, abstract symbolism of images.
M. - with the revolution, but its true nature is still hidden from him social character, its specificity as a revolution of the proletariat is still replaced by an abstract image of the revolution-liberator, the revolution of the "lower classes", "masses", "multitudes". This corresponds to the hyperbolic, abstract-symbolic style of M.'s epic, built on abstract ideas, solemnly rhythmic.
This style changes in the second period of M.'s work in a number of his short stories, finding the most complete expression in the stories "February Snow" and "Sevastopol". Their theme is the fate of the petty-bourgeois intelligentsia in the revolution, oscillating between revolution and counter-revolution.
Malyshkin is alien to the tragic coloring of intellectual experiences, which is found in a number of fellow writers, the exaltation of the intelligentsia stratum, the search for a "third way" for it. life path Shelekhov (the protagonist of "February Snow" and "Sevastopol", a student, then an ensign and a naval officer) is interested in M. as proof of the impossibility of avoiding a choice between revolution and counter-revolution.
without giving any clear artistic analysis driving forces revolution and in particular very vaguely depicting the leading role of the proletariat, turning the revolution into a background for shading the image of Shelekhov, M. at the same time comprehensively reveals the social nature of this image.
The social environment that Shelekhov represents is characterized in M. by a constant antagonism between the desire to penetrate the ranks of the exploiting elites of society and the attraction to the "democratic" bottoms. This milieu "envy" the top - and is drawn to it, it sympathizes with the "bottom" - and despises it. And now, in front of the reflective intellectual Shelekhov, prone to weak-willed daydreaming and not very suitable for vigorous activity, February Revolution 1917 offers great opportunities for a personal career.
Shelekhov, dreaming of the role of a leader, manages to achieve considerable popularity during the period of Kerenskyism; but the development of the revolution reveals the abyss between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and Shelekhov again faces the problem of choice.
He sees that he does not have strong class ground under his feet, "that after all it was not him, but he was now being led." And by leading Shelekhov to dissolve in the mass of sailors fighting the counter-revolution, Malyshkin not only confronts the petty-bourgeois intelligentsia with the question of the need to choose between classes, but also proves that Shelekhov's place should be on this side of the barricade, together with the proletariat.
The meaning of "February Snow" and "Sevastopol" is not only in the correct socio-psychological analysis of the petty-bourgeois intelligentsia, but also in exposing the mystifying halo that envelops the image of the intellectual in many companion works.
M. "undresses" Shelekhov, exposes his ugly sides, his ideological sterility, the falsity of his romantic illusions.
Such exposure is not the traditional intellectual self-flagellation, such exposure ultimately leads to the approval of Shelekhov at a new stage in his path, to his rebirth, to his reworking in the process of the proletarian revolution.
However, all these tendencies are only felt in the conception of the stories, but are not deployed in their full artistic disclosure. "Shelekhovshchina" is not shown in action, it is given in the passive reaction of consciousness to the phenomena of the revolution.
The new Shelekhov is declared but not shown.
M. lacks an understanding that Shelekhov's subjective "uselessness" at a certain stage is a form of his objective usefulness for the bourgeoisie.
And - most importantly - there is no opening of the actual springs revolutionary process, its proletarian character is not artistically revealed.
The style of this period of M.'s work is characterized by a departure from the abstract symbolism of the "Fall of Dair", the predominance realistic features, increased concreteness, much greater attention to socio-psychological analysis, and at the same time, the preservation and strengthening of the tendency of a passive-lyrical approach to the phenomena of reality.
The events of the revolution M. does not draw dispassionately, he mainly gives them through the eyes of Shelekhov; in other cases, he widely resorts to lyrical-landscape framing, etc. techniques, striving for maximum emotional efficiency.
IN contemporary literature M. is typical representative those cadres of fellow travelers who, during the period of socialist reconstruction, turn into "allies" of proletarian literature, overcoming in themselves the traits of their former fellow-travellers on the paths of organic restructuring.
Bibliography: I. The Fall of Daire, alm. "Circle", 1923, No. 1, and otd., Moscow, 1926; February snow and other novels and stories, M., 1928; Sevastopol, GIHL, M., 1931 (2nd ed.). II. Smirnov N., A. Malyshkin, "New World", 1929, book. II; Fadeev A., About Malyshkin's "Sevastopol", "On a literary post", 1929, book. VI; Selivanovsky A., A. Malyshkin, ibid.; Zonin A., Motives of A. Malyshkin's creativity, "Print and Revolution", 1929, book. VII. III. Vladislavlev I.V., Literature of the great decade (1917-1927), volume I, Guise, Moscow - Leningrad, 1928. A. Selivanovsky. (Lit. Enz.) Malyshkin, Alexander Georgievich Rod. 1892, mind. 1938. Writer.
Works: "The Fall of Dair" (1923), "People from the Outback" (1937-38), etc.
Directions: From the bus station in Penza, routes Penza-Mokshan, Penza-Pless, Penza-Golitsyno, Penza-Potma
Local Attractions:
In Mokshan, the original architectural ensemble of a provincial town of the late 19th - early 19th century has been preserved. 20th century Near with. Elizavetino (about 12 km from the village of Mokshan) originates from the river. Mokshan is the spring of St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, where, according to legend, the phenomenon of the saint was, and the water of which has healing properties. In with. Golitsyno (N. Lomovsky district, about 30 km from the Mokshan River) - the birthplace of the first Russian historical novelist M.N. Zagoskin; territorial monument of nature - the steppe in the tract Bolshaya Endova; tourist center "Chistye Prudy"
Organization area:
exposition and exhibition 250m 2
temporary exhibitions 24m 2
The number of employees:
7, of which 2 are scientific
Average count visitors per year:
3000
parent organization:
Association of State Literary and Memorial Museums of the Penza Region - R681
Sponsors, patrons and grant givers:
financial assistance and organizational support to the museum of A.G. Malyshkin is provided by the district administration of the Mokshansky district. The head of the administration, V.V. Shcherbakov, is a frequent visitor to the museum; domestic problems as well as in the organization of holidays and events. Helps the normal functioning of the museum and the village administration.
Storage units:
450, of which 220 items of the main fund
Copyright (c) 1996-2003 memorial museum A.G. Malyshkina
Biography
Alexander Malyshkin was born on March 9 (21), 1892 in the village of Bogorodsky, Mokshansky district Penza province. His father served as a clerk in a shop owned by the Moksha merchant and populist writer V.P. Bystrinin. According to the stories of Anna Georgievna Malyshkina, the writer’s sister: “There were seven children in our family, our grandfather was from wealthy men, and my father moved to the city of Mokshan and bought a bakery where he baked kalachi and sold them for a penny a pair.” Malyshkin tells about his childhood in the novel “People from the Outback”: “We were poor, we came from a snub-nosed, shy common people, and I was the first in our family whom my father dared to send to the gymnasium, on the same bench with the gentlemen.”
In 1916 Malyshkin graduated from the philological faculty of Petrograd University. Already while studying at the university (in 1913-1915), he wrote realistic stories about county life (publications in the journals " Modern world”, “Our Dawn”, “All the World”, “Free Journal”, etc.).
After graduating from the university, Malyshkin was drafted into the army, promoted ahead of schedule to ensign and sent to Sevastopol, to the active Black Sea Fleet. From 1918 to 1920 he participated in civil war on the Eastern, Turkestan and Southern fronts; took part in operations to seize the Crimea.
He was a member of the literary organization "Pass". He was one of the leaders of the All-Russian Union of Soviet Writers, a member of the editorial board of the Novy Mir magazine. He lived in Moscow in the famous "House of Writers' Cooperative" (Kamergersky lane, 2).
Wife Vera Malyshkina, son George (Yuri) Alexandrovich Malyshkin, died at the age of 18 on Kursk Bulge, tank platoon commander.
Fame brought Malyshkin written in 1923 the story "The Fall of Dair" - one of the first in Soviet literature attempts to comprehend folk character revolution.
Wide reader recognition brought unfinished due to early death the novel "People from the Outback" (1937-1938), which was the pinnacle of the writer's work. The theme of the re-education of people in the process of post-revolutionary transformations is carefully developed in the novel. “Malyshkin turns to the theme of the first five-year plan and the re-education of people, which was then demanded from above, but consciously focuses his attention not on machines and industrial production, but on people.” The stories "February Snow" and "Sevastopol" also became famous.
Characteristics of creativity
IN early works Malyshkin felt the influence of Leskov and Dostoevsky. Stories are characterized fairy style, which made it possible to convey the atmosphere of county life, to recreate the exact realities of the situation and at the same time to give an idea of the characters of the characters, types, to recreate the figurative, colloquial.
The story "The Fall of Dair" was perceived by contemporaries as an innovative work: it was based on real events(the battle for Perekop), the text includes documents of that time, reports of the headquarters, but in style it is close to the epic narrative, to the epic, to the lyrical-epic poem. Here Malyshkin set out to highlight the masses as the only effective factor in history, neglecting the individualization of images. This work, written under the influence of B. Pilnyak, speaks in a poetic and expressive form about the spontaneous activity of nameless human masses.
Artworks
- 1913 - "The Last Barykov", story
- 1914 - "Field holiday", story
- 1914 - "Sutulovsky Christmastide", story
- 1915 - "County Love", story
- 1923 - "The Fall of Dair", a story
- 1925 - "Train to the South", short story
- 1928 - "Day", sketch
- 1931 - "At the height of 565", essay
- 1926-1931 - "Sevastopol", a story
- 1931-1938 - "People from the Outback", a novel
Alexander Georgievich Malyshkin (1892-1938) - Russian Soviet writer, classic of socialist realism.
Alexander Malyshkin was born on March 9 (21), 1892 in the village of Bogorodskoye, Mokshansky district, Penza province. His father served as a clerk in a shop owned by the Moksha merchant and populist writer V.P. Bystrinin. Malyshkin talks about his childhood in the novel "People from the Outback":
“We were poor, we came from a snub-nosed, shy common people, and I was the first in our family whom my father dared to send to the gymnasium, on the same bench with the gentlemen.”
In 1916 Malyshkin graduated from the philological faculty of Petrograd University. Already while studying at the university (in 1913-1915), he wrote realistic stories about county life (publications in the journals Modern World, Our Dawn, All the World, Svobodny Zhurnal, etc.).
After graduating from the university, Malyshkin was drafted into the army, promoted ahead of schedule to ensign and sent to Sevastopol, to the active Black Sea Fleet. From 1918 to 1920 he participated in the Civil War on the Eastern, Turkestan and Southern fronts; took part in operations to seize the Crimea.
He was a member of the literary organization "Pass". He was one of the leaders of the All-Russian Union of Soviet Writers, a member of the editorial board of the Novy Mir magazine. He lived in Moscow in the famous "House of Writers' Cooperative" (Kamergersky lane, 2).
Fame brought Malyshkin written in 1923 the story "The Fall of Dair" - one of the first attempts in Soviet literature to comprehend the popular character of the revolution.
The novel “People from the Outback” (1937-1938), which was the pinnacle of the writer’s work, brought wide reader recognition. The theme of the re-education of people in the process of post-revolutionary transformations is carefully developed in the novel. “Malyshkin turns to the theme of the first five-year plan and the re-education of people, which was then demanded from above, but consciously focuses his attention not on machines and industrial production, but on people.” The stories "February Snow" and "Sevastopol" also became famous.
In the early works of Malyshkin, the influence of Leskov and Dostoevsky was felt. The stories are characterized by a fairy-tale manner, which made it possible to convey the atmosphere of county life, recreate the exact realities of the situation and at the same time give an idea of the characters' characters, types, and recreate a figurative, colloquial language.
The story "The Fall of Dair" was perceived by contemporaries as an innovative work: it was based on real events (the battle for Perekop), the text includes documents of that time, headquarters reports, but in style it is close to the epic narrative, to the epic, to the lyrical-epic poem .
Taken from wikipedia
