So, we start working with text.
In one of the lessons you were asked to write a quote comparative characteristic according to plan, using only the material of the novel. The text of the novel.
Why is this needed?
Text analysis, deep text analysis! will allow you in this case to understand what makes up the image of the hero, how the choice of lexical means allows the Master (writer!) to create the character of the character. We will see that the choice of one or another will make it possible to convey to the reader a deep thought, idea (which idea - we will try to determine together)
You are on a wiki page, which means you can make changes. How to do it - see. Do not forget to indicate authorship - so it will be clear to me who to evaluate.
I filled in the first column for a sample - here is everything that we talked about in the lesson. If you have a desire to supplement the first column - please, this is encouraged.
Comparative characteristics of the image
Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz
| Ilya Oblomov | Andrey Stoltz | |
| Portrait |
"It was a man of years thirty-two or three years old
medium height, "...Complexion
Ilya Ilyich had neither a ruddy, swarthy, nor positive "...body him, judging by the matte, too white |
"Stolz peer Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old ... " "... He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves
like blood English |
| Lifestyle, household items |
“The room where Ilya Ilyich lay seemed at first glance to be beautifully decorated. But the experienced eye of a person with pure taste<...>would only read the desire to somehow maintain the decorum of inevitable propriety just to get rid of them." “There was a forgotten towel on the sofa; on the table, a rare morning, there was not a plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone that had not been removed from yesterday’s dinner, and there were no bread crumbs lying around. owner lying on it, then you would think that no one lives here— so everything was dusty, faded and generally devoid of living traces of human presence." (Kipriyanova) Lying down with Ilya Ilyich was neither a necessity, like a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state ." (Klimova) |
"Andrey often breaking away from business or from the secular crowd, from the evening, from the ball I was going to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa." (Kipriyanova) "He constantly on the move: the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England - send him; need to write some project or adapt new idea to the point - choose it. Meanwhile he goes into the world and reads: when he has time - God knows." (Klimova) |
| outlook |
"Ah, if only Andrey would arrive sooner... He would have settled everything..." "Maybe Zakhar will try to settle everything in such a way that he won't have to move; maybe they'll manage..." "All the eternal running around, and gra trashy passions especially greed, gossip<...>Boredom, boredom, boredom! Where is the man? His integrity?<...>Light, society! You send me there for more reluctant to be there! What is there to look for? Interests, mind, heart? All these are dead, sleeping people!..." (A.Ustyantseva) |
"A simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task<...>. "It is tricky and difficult to live simply!" "Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine." "He opened his umbrella while it was raining, that is, he suffered while the sorrow lasted, and he suffered without timid obedience but more with annoyance, with pride, and endured patiently only because attributed the cause of all suffering to himself, and did not hang, like a caftan, on someone else's nail. AND enjoyed, like a flower plucked along the way, until it withered in the hands ... " "He was afraid of any dream, or if he entered her area, then he entered, as one enters a grotto with the inscription: ma solitude, mon hermitage, mon repos, knowing the hour and minute when you leave from there." (Klimova) |
| Childhood, family background |
" Parents not in a hurry to explain to the child the meaning of life And prepare him for her, as to something tricky and serious; did not torment him over books that give rise to a multitude of questions in his head, but questions gnaw at the mind and heart and shorten life." “Everyone gasped and began to reproach each other for something that hadn’t occurred to me for a long time: to one - to remind, to another - to order to correct, to the third - to correct." "He was looking forward to this moment, with which it started independent life ." (Kipriyanova) "Zakhar, as it used to be, a nanny, pulls on his stockings, puts on shoes, and Ilyusha, already fourteen year old the boy only knows that he is laying down one or the other leg while lying ... "(A. Ustyantseva) |
"They brought Andrei - but in what form: without boots, with a torn dress and a broken nose either to himself or to another boy." "Father put him with him on a spring cart, gave the reins and ordered him to be taken to the factory, then to the fields, then to the city, to merchants, to government places, then to look at some clay that he would take on his finger, sniff, sometimes lick, And he will give his son a sniff, and explain what she is, what she is good for. Otherwise, they will go to see how potash or tar is mined, lard is heated. "— Go where you came from he added, “and come again with the translation, instead of one or two chapters, and learn the role from the French comedy for your mother, which she asked: don't show up without it!" (Kipriyanova) "... Andryusha studied well, and father made him a tutor in my little boarding house.<…>he gave him a salary, as for a workman, quite in German: ten rubles a month, and forced to sign in the book." (A. Ustyantseva) |
| Attitude towards learning |
"Father and mother planted the spoiled Ilyusha for a book. It was worth tears, cries, whims." "And everyone in the house was imbued with the conviction that learning and parent saturday should never match, or that the feast on Thursday is an insurmountable barrier to learning for the whole week. And for three weeks Ilyusha stays at home, and there, you see, until holy week it’s not far away, and there is a holiday, and there someone in the family for some reason decides that they don’t study on Thomas’s week; there are two weeks left until the summer - it’s not worth going, and in the summer the German himself is resting, so it’s better to postpone until the fall. ”(Kipriyanova) "He generally considered all this to be a punishment sent down by heaven for our sins ..." (Klimova) |
" From the age of eight he sat with his father behind geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, philistines and factory workers, and read with his mother sacred history, taught Krylov's fables and dismantled Telemachus in warehouses. "(Kipriyanova) |
| Service attitude |
Ilya Ilyich would like the service to be something like an optional and easy occupation. Had this been the case, no doubt he would have been willing to go to work. But when confronted with reality, Ilya Ilyich realized that the service required significant forces, which he was not at all ready to spend on it. I wonder how Goncharov characterizes the views of Oblomov: “Life in his eyes was divided into two halves: one consisted of work and boredom - these were synonyms for him; the other - from peace and peaceful fun. From this, the main field - the service at first puzzled him in the most unpleasant way”. Oblomov is trying to free himself from service at any cost. He strives for rest and pleasure, not realizing that in fact rest is good and pleasant only after the work has been done. Ilya Ilyich is not ready to take responsibility for his actions. (Kvashenko M.) |
For Andrei Stoltz, work is not a way to achieve peace, any striving for which Stoltz called “Oblomovism”. Labor for him is “the image, content, element and purpose of life”.Stolz treated the service responsibly, was hardworking, never lazy, always completed the assigned tasks when performing the work.He did not work for high purpose but for the sake of personal success.(Kuzmin Zh.) |
| Attitude towards love |
"He never did not surrender to beauties, was never their slave, even very diligent admirer, already because a lot of trouble leads to rapprochement with women.<…>Rarely did fate confront him with a woman in society to such an extent that he could flare up for several days and consider himself in love ... "(A. Ustyantseva) |
"He not blinded by beauty and therefore did not forget did not humiliate the dignity of a man, was not a slave, "did not lie at the feet" of beauties, although did not experience fiery passions."(A.Ustyantseva) |
| ... | ||
| ... |
The novel by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” appeared when the feudal system more and more revealed its failure, and the struggle of the advanced layers of Russian society became more energetic and implacable.
In its genre, "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel, giving a broad generalization in the concept of "Oblomovism", depicting the destructive influence of the noble-landlord environment on the human personality.
The image of Oblomov is the greatest artistic generalization of world literature, embodying the typical character traits generated by Russian patriarchal landlord life. One of the merits of Goncharov is that he reveals the socio-historical reasons for the emergence of such a character as Oblomov. Therefore, in the novel important place occupies the image of those conditions and the environment in which the formation of his hero took place.
All these ideas remained only words. Oblomov is used to having others act for him. And therefore his whole life is a gradual extinction in him of valuable human qualities. He himself is aware of this and says to Stolz: "... my life began with extinction ... From the first minute, when I was conscious of myself, I felt that I was already extinguishing." For even more emphasisGoncharov also shows those who fought for Oblomov and tried to bring him back to an effective existence. Stolz tried to bring Oblomov out of the state of dead rest, to include him in life, but nothing came of it, because Ilya Ilyich had grown too strong for peace. Even Olga Ilyinskaya cannot revive Oblomov and bring him back to life. Olga's love captured and lifted him, but not for long. Laziness, fear of the hassle and affairs associated with marriage, turn out to be stronger than love, push him to the gap and forever plunge him into the half-asleep life of the Wheaten house, which he himself calls the pit.
Soul Drama Oblomov is all the stronger because he understands his spiritual fall. “He painfully felt that some good, bright beginning was buried in him, as in a grave, perhaps now dead, or it lies like gold in the bowels of a mountain ... But the treasure is deeply and heavily littered with rubbish, superficial rubbish." Oblomov understands the reasons for his spiritual death, and when Olga asked him: “Why did everything die? .. Who cursed you, Ilya? .. What ruined you? There is no name for this evil ... "-" There is, - he said almost inaudibly ... - Oblomovism!
Showing Oblomov's failure in life, Goncharov contrasts him with the intelligent and active Andrei Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya with her independent, strong and determined nature.
But neither Stolz nor Olga could revive Oblomov to life. It is his name that is closely connected with the concept of "Oblomovism". N.A. Dobrolyubov in the article “What is Oblomovism?” gave a brilliant and still unsurpassed analysis of the novel. He notes that public importance The novel "Oblomov" lies in the fact that it shows Russian life, created the "modern Russian type" and in one word defined the characteristic phenomenon of the nobility-serf reality. “This word is Oblomovism; it serves as a key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life. Dobrolyubov showed that the image of Oblomov is a socio-psychological type, embodying the features of a landowner of the pre-reform period. The state of nobility gives rise to moral slavery in him: “... the vile habit of obtaining the satisfaction of his desires not from his own efforts, but from others, developed in him an apathetic immobility and plunged him into a miserable state of moral slavery. This slavery is intertwined with the nobility of Oblomov, so they mutually penetrate each other and are conditioned by one another. The Oblomovs are all those whose words disagree with their deeds, who in words only want the best and are not able to translate their desire into action.
Dobrolyubov expanded the concept of "Oblomovism". This socio-psychological phenomenon does not disappear with the destruction feudal system. Its remnants - inertia, inertia, selfishness, parasitism, laziness, laxity, slovenliness - continue to live. Oblomovism is terrible because it destroys the capable, talented people and turns into an inert something, into miserable losers. The Oblomovs did not disappear at the end of the 20th century either. She is alive today.
All of these are dead. sleeping people,
worse than me, these members of the world and society!
I. Goncharov. Oblomov
The creative individuality of Goncharov manifested itself in all the works he wrote, but it flared up with special force in the novel Oblomov: “... I wrote only what I experienced, what I thought, life, and what grew to it. In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov, with the help of the image of the main character, whose name has become a household name today, managed not only to reflect real life in its rich manifestations, but also to encourage the reader to think, to help him understand the complex interweaving of reality.
From the first pages, we get a certain impression of the hero. Oblomov is “a man of about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with no definite idea... From his face, carelessness passed into poses of the whole body. Sometimes his eyes were darkened by an expression that seemed to be tired or bored; but neither fatigue nor boredom could drive softness from the face ... ”Thanks to this portrait, one can also imagine the inner essence of Oblomov - a kind, gentle, but lazy, apathetic, weak-willed person. Further in the novel, we find confirmation of these thoughts: starting with the inability and unwillingness to put things in order in his room and ending with a mess in his personal life, when in general chaos even the need to resolve everyday issues causes helpless confusion.
How can a person with wonderful inclinations in the past and a wonderful pure soul and with a rich heart in the present fell into this dusty and sticky captivity of self-gratification, selfishness, closeness from real life?
From early childhood main character became an unwitting victim of your all-consuming and practically invincible phenomenon - Oblomovism. All the child's impulses to self-knowledge and knowledge of the world around him, the desire for independence were suppressed not only by loving parents, but also by the entire environment in which the boy grew up. Here they were afraid of everything that helps a person to develop his best internal qualities: work, initiative, strong feelings, everything new and unknown. Oblomov's attempts to fight those around him " deep sleep” stopped, not having time to develop into deeds, actions. And yet Oblomov managed to rise above Oblomovism, he retained moral purity and credulity, was educated, even served once. However, often the feeling of inner freedom, taken from the depths of childhood and youth, did not find support in real life: “I began to fade over writing papers in the office; then went out, reading in books the truths with which he did not know what to do in life, went out with friends, listening to rumors, gossip, mockery ... Either I did not understand this life, or it is no good, but I did not know anything better , I didn’t see it, no one pointed it out to me ... the light was locked in me ... but I only burned my prison, did not break free and died out. We see that Oblomov is extremely honest and frank with himself. What circumstances helped develop such self-criticism in him?
In the service, Oblomov quickly realized that everyone here was busy not with the performance of official duties, not with honest service to the cause, but with “playing bad passions”, “interrupting each other’s paths”, stupid rearrangement of papers. The service, devoid of human understanding, was meaningless for Oblomov, since he did not need money. Surrounding him business people, pursuing only selfish goals, not choosing worthy means to achieve them, are alien to Oblomov’s moral ideals, just like a life devoted to gain and unprincipled climbing the career ladder: “But he will become a people, he will turn over time Enough deeds and ranks. And how little a person is needed here: his mind, will, feelings - why is this? material from the site
In women who are able to love for money, friends who dream only of a career, you can see all the same Oblomovites, only living by the laws high society: “They are all dead. Sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!” The subtly feeling, kind and disinterested hero of the novel is looking for perfection in this world, “the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as the goal of man,” and does not find it.
That is why one can consider Oblomov's laziness and apathy, his turning away from real life as a passive protest against all the evil that surrounds him in reality. And yet he becomes a victim, a slave of this evil, because he can no longer make volitional decisions, independently manage his own life. He swims with the current, observes, but does not act.
I believe that the problems raised by Goncharov in the novel Oblomov still make this work relevant and interesting today, and this, of course, speaks both of the genius of the writer and the multifaceted nature of the work.
Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search
On this page, material on the topics:
- problems raised by the author in the novel of Oblolov
- Oblomovism essay good or evil
- tell us about the relationship between Zakhar and Ilya Ilyich
- Oblomov service of the hero in the office
- Goncharov's creative personality
Ilya Ilyich naturally possessed weak character, and that is what it is major tragedy. But, on the other hand, the character of a person is formed in a collision with difficulties. Namely, Ilya Ilyich feared and avoided difficulties most of all. He deliberately does everything possible to turn his life into a serenely lazy dream. Suffice it to recall his attitude to the service. Ilya Ilyich would like the service to be something like an optional and easy occupation. Had this been the case, no doubt he would have been willing to go to work. But when confronted with reality, Ilya Ilyich realized that the service required significant forces, which he was not at all ready to spend on it.
It is interesting how Goncharov characterizes Oblomov's views: “Life in his eyes was divided into two halves: one consisted of work and boredom - these were synonyms for him; the other - from peace and peaceful fun. From this, the main field - the service at first puzzled him in the most unpleasant way.
In fact, service is necessary for every person as a means of self-expression. Responsibilities for which you need to be responsible discipline a person, do not allow him to dissolve, and besides, they fill life with meaning. Oblomov, at any cost, tries to relieve himself of his duties. He strives for rest and pleasure, not realizing that in fact rest is good and pleasant only after the work has been done. Ilya Ilyich is not ready to take responsibility for his actions. And the first failure shows it. Suffice it to recall that once Ilya Ilyich made a mistake and sent important documents to the wrong city. (He once sent some necessary paper instead of Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk). When they began to look for the culprit,
“Oblomov did not wait for a well-deserved punishment, went home and sent a medical certificate.” The medical certificate said that Oblomov was very seriously ill, so he needed “abstinence from mental pursuits and any activity.” Oblomov very cleverly evaded responsibility, he simply left his service with the intention of never returning there, that is, he resigned. And this act very clearly characterizes him. personal qualities. Oblomov did not even try to find any interest in his work, he was frightened by the difficulties.
It is paradoxical that in the short period of his service, when Oblomov was frightened by the need to spend a lot of time on work, he was worried about the thought: “When will I live? When to live? ". He was afraid that constant duties would take away his personal time, deprive him of joy and fullness of life sensations. But when Oblomov left the service, nothing good and interesting appeared in his life. He strove for freedom in order to “live”, but at the same time he refused a real, full-blooded and vibrant life.
Why Oblomov did not find a place in life
Based on the novel by I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
Thinking in " Sne Oblomov"(1849) over the conditions of Ilyusha's upbringing, Goncharov moves from the history of the Russian master to larger-scale questions - about the fate of the spiritual significant person in modern world.
Oblomov's characterization cannot be limited to mere inability to act, lordly laziness. This complex, multifaceted image , in which one can guess not only the “sign of the times” in the sense in which N. A. Dobrolyubov understood it, that is, the collapse of the landlord class. But dies with Oblomov spirituality, high moral requirements for life.
The entire first chapter of the novel is devoted to describing how a former official, a resident of St. Petersburg, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, spends the morning. On the one hand, we see that Oblomov cannot get up from the sofa, although it is already noon, and all business Petersburg is in trouble. His features, dressing gown, slippers, which he immediately fell into, lowering his legs, the details of the situation, it would seem, speak for themselves - they characterize him as an indefinite, lethargic person.
At the same time, we notice that the types of modern St. Petersburg "figures" collected in Oblomov's living room are designed to shade, emphasize the originality of his human inclinations: a subtle observant mind, high spiritual demands, purity and kindness of a "pigeon heart". He wakes up from his sleep to argue with his former co-workers. In these dialogues, a person is revealed who does not accept the values of the vain and practical world.
The secular dandy Volkov, busy trying on and demonstrating a new tailcoat, evokes regret and an ironic grin from the reader. The “shining gentleman” is concerned about how to get to ten places in one day: skating in Yekateringof, ballets, balls and reception days with numerous princes and nobles. Oblomov's bitter and true remarks accompany his departure: “Where is the man here? What does it break up and crumble into?” In the empty, unrestrained pursuit of glamor and noise of entertainment, there is no time to think about the moral side of the “case”.
Official Sudbinsky is concerned about getting a rank, moving up the career ladder. A man without mind, will and feelings is a soulless clerical performer. Extreme efficiency and "busyness" hide his empty, limited nature, the absence of truly human interests - the mind and heart, for which he is "blind and deaf."
Finally, Penkin is a magazine day laborer, a collector of dirty news, a representative of the so-called. mass tabloid press. Oblomov understands the scarcity of this kind of literature. In a conversation with Penkin, he angrily condemns the lack of love for a person in latest literature, mockery of virtue, criticism of vice without compassion and heartache, when in pursuit of a sensation, in an effort to impress the reader's imagination, the dirty sides of human life are savored, the morally permissible boundaries of the image are violated. Unprincipled journalists like Penkin are ready to “change their beliefs, sell their minds and imaginations… And write everything, write everything, like a wheel, like a machine,” for a bribe. Where can such, so to speak, literature lead, which has banished from its pages the striving for a noble and sublime ideal?
Oblomov's mind's eye opens up a bleak picture of Petersburg life, where vanity and external efficiency hide the absence of truly spiritual human needs. How Oblomov’s heart lights up in a dispute with Stolz about the essence of life: “... the eternal running around, the eternal game of crappy passions, especially greed ... gossip, gossip ... Where is the person here? Where is his integrity? Where did he hide, how did he exchange for every little thing? ... Life: good life! What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! What drives them in life? ... And our best youth, what does it do? Doesn't he sleep, walking, driving along Nevsky Prospekt, dancing? Daily empty shuffle of days! ... everyone is infected from each other with some painful care, longing, painfully looking for something. And the truth would be good, good for themselves and others - no, they turn pale from the success of a comrade. ... This yellow gentleman in glasses stuck up to me: did I read the speech of some deputy, and goggled his eyes at me when I said that I did not read newspapers. ... They reason, think at random, but they themselves are bored - this does not interest them; through these cries, an unawakened dream is visible! This is foreign to them; they don't wear their hats. ... Under this comprehensiveness lies emptiness, lack of sympathy for everything! It becomes clear that this is one of the reasons for his apathy, indifference to life.
Disappointment did not come to Oblomov immediately. Oblomov tried to get down to business: he served in the department for about two years, but could not stand the monotonous clerical routine. Life, as it were, broke off, broke him . He became convinced that the present is alien to hopes and desires. There is nothing more to expect from fate, as before, in youth.
In the atmosphere of his office, the decoration of the rooms noticeably the desire to isolate oneself from the world, to hide from the hustle and bustle, to fall asleep , because in the conditions of general hardening, lies and depravity, dreams of a pure, harmonious life are not feasible. He moves away from reality into the world of dreams.
But not only the callousness and commercialism of the surrounding world were the cause of Oblomov's death. The reason for his immobility lies also in the conditions of education. It is not by chance that the author introduces us to Oblomov's childhood, painting a serene picture where everything was easy for little Ilyushenka. The adult Ilya is served by the devoted Zakhar. And, as Stoltz rightly points out, Oblomov, it all started "with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live". The lack of the habit of work was one of the reasons for Oblomov's spiritual impotence, the inability to withstand life's difficulties, the inability to make an effort of will, to fight for one's happiness. He only managed to point out the evil taking over the world, but could not resist its spread.
On the other hand, the pictures of Ilyusha's rural childhood make one think not only about a serene life, but also about the moral and spiritual norm of life. Oblomov brought ideas about this from his childhood: the Oblomovites “did not take for life the cycle of eternal aspirations to somewhere, to something”, their life was filled with “radical and inevitable events” (which is especially important to emphasize today), in harmony with nature , in the continuity of forms of national life, in the desire to pass on to children and preserve these inescapable beginnings of life, which are the basis and guarantee of human individuality. Not by chance image of family nest acts as the basis of the moral and spiritual principles of the human personality.
Goncharov deeply comprehended the psychology of a person who is naturally kind and sensitive, intelligent and pure, but infected with a disease - “Oblomovism”. This word is repeated many times in the novel. The tragedy is aggravated by the fact that Oblomov himself admits his illness, sees its signs, but the irresistible force of Oblomovism kills him, both spiritually and physically.
Love for Olga Ilyinskaya was the hero's last attempt to return to life. The author, as if convinced of the failure of his hero, with bitterness and regret leaves him to die on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, in the house of the petty bourgeois Pshenitsyna, where he finds comfort and warmth, long-awaited peace, but without spiritual impulses, without development and movement.
The answer to the question why the hero did not find a place in life does not have an unambiguous solution. According to Dobrolyubov, the reason lies in the moral and psychological consequences of serfdom, the pampered life of the lord, in Oblomovism. In fact, the author's position is deeper. Goncharov also takes into account tragic patterns of life that affect the fate of the individual in the new conditions of life.
Oblomov's human qualities are fully revealed in his love for Olga. It is this purity and sincerity that puts him in some respects even higher than the faces around him. It also evokes ardent love from readers. Oblomov had a rather rare quality among people: not to do "evil" to another, not to sacrifice him to your whims, sometimes absurd and cruel. In a world of vulgarity and deceit, you cannot live with such a property. Oblomov, unlike many, did not hide his "vices", weaknesses of nature, he moved away from the world, closed himself in and dies ...
