Women of aristocratic and samurai families also usually did not have surnames, since they did not have the right to inherit. In cases where women did have surnames, they did not change them upon marriage.
Surnames were divided into two groups - the surnames of aristocrats and the surnames of samurai.
Unlike the number of samurai surnames, the number of surnames of aristocrats has practically not increased since ancient times. Many of them date back to the priestly past of the Japanese aristocracy.
The most revered and respected clans of aristocrats were: Konoe, Takashi, Kujo, Ichijo and Gojo. All of them belonged to the Fujiwara clan and had common name- Gosetsuke. From among the men of this kind, regents (sessho) and chancellors (kampaku) of Japan were appointed, and wives for emperors were chosen from among women.
The following in nobility were the Hirohata, Daigo, Kuga, Oimikado, Saionji, Sanjo, Imaidegawa, Tokudaiji, and Kaoin clans. From among them, the highest state dignitaries were appointed. So, representatives of the Saionji clan served as imperial stables (meryo no gogen). Then came all the other aristocratic clans.
The hierarchy of nobility of aristocratic families began to take shape in the VI century and lasted until the end of the XI century, when power in the country passed to the samurai. Among them, the clans of Genji (Minamoto), Heike (Taira), Hojo, Ashikaga, Tokugawa, Matsudaira, Hosokawa, Shimazu, Oda enjoyed special respect. A number of their representatives at different times were the shoguns (military rulers) of Japan.
The personal names of aristocrats and high-ranking samurai were formed from two kanji (hieroglyphs) of a "noble" meaning.
The personal names of samurai servants and peasants were often given according to the principle of "numbering". The first son is Ichiro, the second is Jiro, the third is Saburo, the fourth is Shiro, the fifth is Goro, and so on. Also, in addition to "-ro", the suffixes "-emon", "-ji", "-zo", "-suke", "-be" were used for this purpose.
Upon entering the samurai during his youth, he chose a different name for himself than what he was given at birth. Sometimes samurai changed their names throughout adulthood, for example, to emphasize the onset of her new period (promotion or moving to another duty station). The lord had the right to rename his vassal. In the event of a serious illness, the name was sometimes changed to the name of the Buddha Amida in order to appeal to his mercy.
According to the rules of samurai fights, before the fight, the samurai had to name his full name so that the opponent can decide whether he is worthy of such an opponent. Of course, in life this rule was observed much less frequently than in novels and chronicles.
At the end of the names of girls from noble families, the suffix "-hime" was added. It is often translated as "princess", but in fact it was used in relation to all noble young ladies.
For the names of the wives of the samurai, the suffix "-gozen" was used. Often they were called simply by their husband's surname and rank. The personal names of married women were practically used only by their close relatives.
For the names of monks and nuns from the noble classes, the suffix "-in" was used.
These are Japanese names with Russian translation :-)* :-D*
Ai - W - Love
Aiko - f - Beloved child
Akako - W - Red
Akane - w - Sparkling Red
Akemi - f - Dazzlingly beautiful
Akeno - m - Clear morning
Aki - w - Born in autumn
Akiko - w - autumn child
Akina - w - Spring Flower
Akio - m - Handsome
Akira - m - Smart, quick-witted
Akiyama - m - Autumn, mountain
Amaya - w - Night rain
Ami - w - Friend
Amiko - m - Pretty girl
Amida - m - Name of the Buddha
Anda - f - Met in the field
Aneko - f - older sister
Anzu - W - Apricot
Arahsi - Storm, whirlwind
Arata - m - Inexperienced
Arisu - w - Jap. form of the name Alice
Asuka - w - Flavor of Tomorrow
Ayame - W - Iris
Azarni - w - Thistle flower
Benjiro - m - Enjoying the world
Botan - m - Peony
Chika - w - wisdom
Chikako - W - Child of Wisdom
Chinatsu - w - Thousand years
Chiyo - W - Eternity
Chizu - w - Thousand storks (longevity is implied)
Cho - w - Butterfly
Dai-m-Great
Dai - W - Great
Daichi - m - Great first son
Daiki - m - Great tree
Daisuke - m - Great help
Etsu - f - Delightful, charming
Etsuko - f - A delightful child
Fudo - m - God of fire and wisdom
Fujita - m/f - Field, meadow
Gin - w - Silvery
Goro - m - Fifth son
Hana - w - Flower
Hanako - w - Flower child
Haru - m - Born in the spring
Haruka - W - Distant
Haruko - w - Spring
Hachiro - m - Eighth son
Hideaki - m - Brilliant, excellent
Hikaru - m/f - Light, shining
Hide - w - Fertile
Hiroko - W - Magnanimous
Hiroshi - m - Generous
Hitomi - f - Doubly beautiful
Hoshi - W - Star
Hotaka - m - The name of a mountain in Japan
Hotaru - W - Firefly
Ichiro - m - First son
Ima - w - Gift
Isami - m - Courage
Ishi - W - Stone
Izanami - w - Attractive
Izumi - w - Fountain
Jiro - m - Second son
Joben - m - Loving purity
Jomei - m - Bringer of light
Junko - w - Pure child
Juro - m - Tenth son
Yachi - F - Eight thousand
Yasu - F - Calm
Yasuo - M - Mirny
Yayoi - F - March
Yogi - M - Yoga Practitioner
Yoko - F - Child of the sun
Yori - F - Trustworthy
Yoshi - F - Perfection
Yoshiko - F - Perfect child
Yoshiro - M - Perfect Son
Yudsuki - M - Crescent
Yuki - M - Snow
Yukiko - F - Snow Child
Yukio - M - Cherished by God
Yuko - F - Kind child
Yumako - F - Baby Yuma
Yumi - F - Like a bow (weapon)
Yumiko - F - Arrow Child
Yuri - F - Lily
Yuriko - F - Child of a lily
Yuu - M - Noble blood
Yuudai - M - Great Hero
Kado - m - Gate
Kaede - W - Maple Leaf
Kagami - w - Mirror
Kameko - w - Child of the turtle (symbol of longevity)
Kanaya - m - Zealous - And you thought I took this name out of my head?
Kano - m - God of water
Kasumi - w - Fog
Katashi - m - Hardness
Katsu - m - Victory
Katsuo - m - Victorious child
Katsuro - m - Victorious son
Kazuki - m - Joyful world
Kazuko - w - Cheerful child
Kazuo - m - Dear son
Kei - W - Respectful
Keiko - W - Adored
Keitaro - m - Blessed
Ken - m - big guy
Ken`ichi - m - Strong first son
Kenji - m - Strong second son
Kenshin - m - Heart of the sword
Kensiro - m - Heavenly son
Kenta - m - Healthy and bold
Kichi - W - Lucky
Kichiro - m - Lucky son
Kiku - w - Chrysanthemum
Kimiko - w - Child of noble blood
Kin - m - Golden
Kioko - w - happy child
Kisho - m - Having a head on his shoulders
Kita - W - North
Kiyoko - w - Purity
Kiyoshi - m - Quiet
Kohaku - m/f - Amber
Kohana - w - Small flower
Koko - w - stork
Koto - w - Jap. musical instrument "koto"
Kotone - w - The sound of a koto
Kumiko - f - Forever beautiful
Kuri - W - Chestnut
Kuro - m - Ninth son
Kyo - m - Consent (or redhead)
Kyoko - W - Mirror
Leiko - w - Arrogant
Machi - w - Ten thousand years
Machiko - W - Lucky Child
Maeko - w - Honest child
Maemi - w - sincere smile
Mai - W - Bright
Makoto - m - Sincere
Mamiko - w - Baby Mami
Mamoru - m - Earth
Manami - w - The beauty of love
Mariko - f - child of truth
Marise - m/f - Endless
Masa - m/f - Straight (human)
Masakazu - m - First son of Masa
Mashiro - m - wide
Matsu - w - Pine
Mayako - w - Child of Maya
Mayoko - w - Child Mayo
Mayuko - w - Child of Mayu
Michi - W - Fair
Michie - f - Gracefully hanging flower
Michiko - w - Beautiful and wise
Michio - m - A man with the strength of three thousand
Midori - W - Green
Mihoko - w - Baby Miho
Mika - W - New Moon
Miki - m/f - Stalk
Mikio - m - Three woven trees
Mina - W - South
Minako - w - Handsome child
Mine - w - Brave Protector
Minoru - m - Seed
Misaki - w - The Blossom of Beauty
Mitsuko - w - Child of Light
Miya - w - Three arrows
Miyako - w - Beautiful baby March
Mizuki - W - Beautiful Moon
Momoko - W - Child-Peach
Montaro - m - big guy
Moriko - w - Child of the Forest
Morio - m - Forest boy
Mura - w - Rustic
Muro - m - Runaway - I chose this name not at all because of the meaning
Mutsuko - w - Baby Mutsu
Nahoko - w - Baby Naho
Nami - W - Wave
Namiko - w - Child of the Waves
Nana - W - Apple
Naoko - f - obedient child
Naomi - f - Above all beauty
Nara - W - Oak
Nariko - w - Sissy
Natsuko - w - Summer child
Natsumi - W - Beautiful Summer
Nayoko - w - Baby Nayo
Nibori - m - Famous
Nikki - m/f - Two Trees
Nikko - m - Daylight
Nori - w - Law
Noriko - w - Child of the Law
Nozomi - w - Hope
Nyoko - w - Jewel
Oki - W - Mid Ocean
Orino - w - Peasant Meadow
Osamu - m - Firmness of the law
Rafu - m - Network
Rai - W - Truth
Raidon - m - god of thunder
Ran - f - water lily
Rei - W - Gratitude
Reiko - f - Gratitude - Most likely there was "Child Rei"
Ren - w - Water lily
Renjiro - m - Honest
Renzo - m - Third son
Riko - f - Child of Jasmine
Rin - w - Surly
Rinji - m - Peaceful forest
Rini - w - Little Bunny
Risako - w - Child of Risa
Ritsuko - w - Child of Ritsu
Roka - m - White wave crest
Rokuro - m - Sixth son
Ronin - m - Samurai without a master
Rumiko - w - Baby Rumi
Ruri - w - Emerald
Ryo - m - Superb
Ryoichi - m - First son of Ryo
Ryoko - w - Baby Ryo
Ryota - m - Strong (obese)
Ryozo - m - Third son of Ryo
Ryuichi - m - First son of Ryu
Ryuu - m - Dragon
Saburo - m - Third son
Sachi - W - Happiness
Sachiko - w - Child of Happiness
Sachio m - fortunately born
Saeko - w - Child of Sae
Saki - w - Cape (geographical)
Sakiko - w - Baby Saki
Sakuko - w - Baby Saku
Sakura - w - Cherry blossoms
Sanako - w - Baby Sana
Sango - W - Coral
Saniiro - m - Wonderful
Satu - W - Sugar
Sayuri - W - Little Lily
Seiichi - m - First son of Sei
Sen - m - Spirit of the tree
Shichiro - m - Seventh son
Shika - w - Deer
Shima - m - Islander
Shina - W - Worthy
Shinichi - m - First son of Shin
Shiro - m - Fourth son
Shizuka - w - Quiet
Sho-m-Prosperity
Sora - W - Sky
Sorano - W - Heavenly
Suki - f - Favorite
Suma - f - Asking
Sumi - f - Purified (religious)
Susumi - m - Moving forward (successful)
Suzu - w - Handbell (bell)
Suzume - w - Sparrow
Tadao - m - Helpful
Taka - w - Noble
Takako - w - Tall child
Takara - w - Treasure
Takashi - m - Famous
Takehiko - m - Bamboo Prince
Takeo - m - Similar to bamboo
Takeshi - m - Bamboo tree or brave
Takumi - m - Artisan
Tama - m/f - Jewel
Tamiko - f - Child of abundance
Tani - w - From the valley (baby)
Taro - m - Firstborn
Taura - w - Many lakes; many rivers
Teijo - m - Fair
Tomeo - m - Cautious person
Tomiko - w - Child of Wealth
Tora - w - Tigress
Torio - m - Bird's tail
Toru - m - Sea
Toshi - W - Mirror Reflection
Toshiro - m - Talented
Toya - m/f - House door
Tsukiko - w - Child of the moon
Tsuyu - f - morning dew
Udo - m - Ginseng
Ume - w - Plum Blossom
Umeko - w - Child of Plum Blossoms
Usagi - W - Rabbit
Uyeda - m - from the rice field (child)
Yachi - w - Eight thousand
Yasu - w - Calm
Yasuo - m - Peaceful
Yayoi - W - March
Yogi - m - Practicing yoga
Yoko - W - Child of the Sun
Yori - W - Trustworthy
Yoshi - W - Perfection
Yoshiko - w - Perfect child
Yoshiro - m - Perfect son
Yudsuki - m - Crescent
Yuki-m-Snow
Yukiko - w - Snow Child
Yukio - m - Cherished by God
Yuko - w - Kind child
Yumako - w - Child of Yuma
Yumi - f - Like a bow (weapon)
Yumiko - W - Child of the Arrow
Yuri - w - Lily
Yuriko - w - Child of a lily
Yuu - m - Noble blood
Yuudai - m - Great hero
Gods and deities
NAMES OF THE GODS
Yarila (legend)
God of rage, youth and beauty and vitality: from earthly fertility and human sexuality to the will to live. Wild animals, nature spirits and lower deities obey him (or her).
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Yard see [Wyrd]
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Yar-Khmel God of intoxicated honey, beer, wine, fun and winemaking.
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Yan-di God of the Sun and fire.
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Yama God of the realm of the dead.
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Jupiter (legend) God of the sky, daylight, thunderstorms. Having thrown his father, the titan Kronos, into Tartarus, he became the lord of the gods and people.
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Eya see [Oanne]
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Etheria Daughter of the sun god Phoebe and the oceanides Clymene.
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Ereshkigal Lady of the realm of the dead.
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Eos Goddess of the sun, dawn. "with purple fingers Eos".
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Enlil see [Ellil]
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Enki see [Eya]
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Ellil Enlil. god of air and earth
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Ellie Ellie. As, goddess of old age.
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Air Air. As, the patroness of doctors, the goddess who bestows love.
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Eya Enki. God of world fresh waters, wisdom, patron of people.
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Shamash God of the Sun.
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Chur (legend) God of protection of property rights, protection, patron of borders, integrity, protection, protection from damage and evil spirits.
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Number God God of time and astrology, letters, numbers, calendar.
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Zhuan Xu God of waters.
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Chernobog (legend) (Black Serpent, Kashchey) Lord of Navi, Darkness and Pekelny kingdom. God of cold, destruction, death, evil; God of madness and the embodiment of everything bad and black.
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Tsukuyomi God of the Moon.
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Hyuk Hjuke. The growing moon, one of the three goddesses, along with Bil and Mani.
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Huang Di "Lord of the Center". supreme deity.
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Khors God of the Sun, brother of the Moon.
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Hops God of hops and drunkenness. Husband of Surica.
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Hlin Hlin. Ace, Frigga's messenger who takes care of those her mistress wants to protect.
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Hitzliputzli see [Hitzilopochtli]
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Hitzlaputzli see [Hitzilopochtli]
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Hermod Hermod. Messenger of Asgard. His name is mentioned in connection with an unsuccessful attempt to bring Balder back from the realm of Hel.
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Hoenir Hoenir. As, god of priestly functions. He is often referred to as the Silent God.
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Hel Hel. Loki's daughter, ruler underworld, queen of the dead. Above the belt is an ordinary woman, and below is a skeleton.
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Heimdall (legend) Guardian of the Bifrest Bridge, son of Odin, "Wise Ace". He sleeps less than a bird, sees a hundred days' journey in any direction, and can hear the growth of grass and wool.
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Khed (legend) Hoder. Son of Odin, "Blind Ace". He has great power, but never leaves Asgard. He is one of the twelve main gods.
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Heidrun A goat that lives in Asgard and feeds on leaves from the top of Yggrasil. Everyone in Asgard feeds on her milk, strong as honey, and there is enough for everyone.
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Fulla Fulla. As, Frigga's servant.
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Frigg (legend) As, goddess of marriage and procreation, wife of Odin. Frigg rules over the goddesses living in Asgard.
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Freya (legend) Goddess of love, her heart is so soft and gentle that she sympathizes with the suffering of everyone. She is the leader of the Valkyries.
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Freyr (legend) God of fertility and summer. He is subject to sunlight, he is beautiful and powerful, he is a van, sending wealth.
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Fortune Roman goddess of happiness, chance and good luck. It was depicted on a ball or wheel (a symbol of the variability of happiness), sometimes with a blindfold.
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Forseti Forseti. As, son of Balder, god of justice and victory in disputes.
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Phoebus (legend) God of the sun.
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Faetusa Daughter of the sun god Phoebe and the oceanides Clymene.
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Phaethon The son of the sun god Phoebus and the oceanides Clymene.
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Ushas God of the dawn.
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Adoption One of the three giant brothers, assistants to Perun (Gorynya, Dubynya and Usynya).
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Usud (legend) God is the arbiter of fate. Determines who is born rich or poor, happy or unhappy.
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Usins Latvian "horse god".
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Ouroboros (legend) "Eating his own tail". A snake biting its tail, "beginning at the end of its tail", encircling the whole world.
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Uranus Son of the sky god, husband of Gaia, father of Tetis.
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Ull (legend) Patron of archers and skiers, god of fertility and law.
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Ulap (legend) The patron of the Chuvash, the god-bogatyr, who threw the sun and moon far from the earth.
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Huitzilopochtli (legend) Hitzliputzli, Hitzlaputzli, "Hummingbird of the left side". Human hearts were sacrificed to this god.
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Wyrd A silent goddess who rules over immortals and mortals.
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Tian-di God of the sky.
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Tyr (legend) As, god of war, son of Odin and sister of the sea giant Hymir, the third of the aces after Odin and the bravest among them.
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Tiermes (legend) Udmurt god - thunderer. When he defeats the god - the deer Myandash, the end of the world will come.
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Trojan the Three-Headed Lord of the Three Kingdoms. One of Troyan's heads devours people, the other - cattle, the third - fish, he travels at night, as he is afraid of sunlight.
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Triton Sea deity, son of Poseidon and Nereid Amphetrite.
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Triptolemos Lord of the realm of the dead.
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Triglavs Great Triglav: Rod - Belobog - Chernobog. Small Triglav: Svarog - Perun - Veles.
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Triglav (legend) In the mythology of the Baltic Slavs, a three-headed deity. They symbolize power over the three kingdoms - heaven, earth and the underworld.
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Tochi see [Tlazolteotl]
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Thor (legend) As, the god of thunder, the son of Odin and the goddess of the earth Yord. Considered the most powerful god after Odin.
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Tlasolteotl Ishkuin, Tochi, Teteoinnan. Goddess of fertility, sexual sins, repentance, devourer of dirt and excrement.
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Tetis Daughter of Uranus and Gaia, wife of Oceanus. She was Phaeton's maternal grandmother; Clymene was her daughter.
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Teteoinnan see [Tlazolteotl]
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Tezcatlipoca (legend) "Smoking mirror". Forever young, omnipotent, omniscient god of evil, rival of Quetzalcoatl.
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Thaumant Father of the rainbow goddess Iris.
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Tarkh, see [Dazhbog]
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Tammuz see [Dimuzi]
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Tamamo-no-mae One of the evil gods.
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Xiong Syn. As, the goddess who protects people's houses from thieves.
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Sjövn Siofn. As, a goddess, striving for people to live peacefully and amicably.
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Syvlampi "Rosa". Daughter of the Sun and his wives: morning and evening Dawn, the sister of man.
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Susanoo God of the wind and water element, later a hero who saved people from the eight-headed serpent.
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Suritsa Suritsa - the solar Goddess of joy, light (surya drink (drinking honey)). Khmel's wife. Daughter of Dazhbog.
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Stribog (legend) The supreme god of the wind. He can call and tame a storm, he can turn into his assistant, the bird Stratim.
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Stix Stux (Greek) - "Hateful". Goddess of the river of the same name in the realm of the dead.
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Srecha Goddess of happiness and good luck.
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Snotra Snotra. As, goddess of wisdom and courtesy.
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Sif (legend) Sif. As, goddess of fertility, wife of Thor. The beauty of Sif is second only to Freya.
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Siva (legend) Siva is the god of sowing, harvest and cattle.
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Si-wanmu Goddess, mistress of the country of immortality.
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Semargl (legend) Simargl, Fire God. God of fire and moon, fire sacrifices, home and hearth, keeps seeds and crops.
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Selena Goddess of the moon.
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Svyatovit (legend) God of light, fertility, harvest, autumn sun, grain. The god of war and victory, represented in the form of a warrior - horseman.
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Sventovit (legend) Supreme deity Western Slavs, referred to in the Middle Ages as Wends, and rugs.
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Svarog (legend) God of fire, blacksmithing, family hearth. Heavenly blacksmith and great warrior. There are quite conflicting reports about this god.
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Saraswati Beautiful goddess of eloquence.
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Saga Saga. As, goddess of stories and genealogy.
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Ren Ran. Van, wife of Aegir, goddess of weather and storms, requiring regular soul sacrifices.
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Rudra One of the main Indian gods, many-armed and three-eyed. The son of the creator of the universe Brahma.
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Rodov Triglav see [Big Triglav]
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Radogost (legend) The essence of the punishing face of the Almighty, the judge of human souls.
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Proteus (legend) The sea god, is able to take on the appearance of different creatures and move into various properties of matter - fire, water, wood.
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Poseidon God of the sea, father of Triton and Proteus.
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Whistle Elder wind, god of the storm. Son of Stribog.
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Midnighter God of the wind at midnight, son of Stribog.
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Noon God of the noon wind, son of Stribog.
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Polel God of love and spring fertility, brother of Lelya and Lelya.
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Podaga God of the hot, withering wind, living in the desert in the south. Son of Stribog.
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Weather Warm, light breeze, god of pleasant weather. Son of Stribog.
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Perun (legend) "Striking". Red-bearded god of thunder, thunder and lightning, patron of warriors and knights. One of the main trinity of gods. His attribute is an axe.
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Pereplut (legend) Pereplut - God of the sea, navigation. Watermen obey him. Data about it are insufficient to accurately determine its functions.
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Ohhurs A class of gods in India and Iran.
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Osiris Usyr. God of fertility and king of the underworld.
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Ora Goddesses of the changing seasons and hours.
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Ocean Husband of Tethys.
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Odin (legend) Supreme god of Scandinavia, ace, ruler of Asgard, god of warriors.
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Fiery Magus Guardian of the way to the Iry garden, god of war and courage. Lely's husband.
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Ovivi see [Kokopelli]
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Oanne (legend) Eya. Babylonian god of the sea, the oldest of the sea gods.
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O-Kuni-Nusi God, who grew grass and trees on the earth, taught people to heal diseases.
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Nui-wa Goddess - the creator of mankind.
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Njord (legend) Njord. Van, the patron of navigation, fishing and shipbuilding, he is subject to the winds and the sea. Njord is richer than all aesir and, like all Vanir, very kind.
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Ninurta God of war.
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Nintu The goddess who created people, the patroness of women in childbirth.
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Nereus God of the calm sea. Lives in a palace at the bottom of the sea.
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Nergal Lord of the realm of the dead, husband of the goddess Ereshkigal.
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Nemesis Goddess of deserved punishment.
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Nedolya Goddess, together with Dolya and Makosh, spinning the thread of human life on earth.
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Nanna God of the Moon.
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Nanna Nanna. As, goddess of fertility, wife of Balder, who did not survive his death.
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Namtar "Destiny" God, who appears to the dying and takes him to the realm of the dead.
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Naboo God is the patron of sciences.
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Morrigan (legend) In Irish mythology, one of the three goddesses of war. She is also called the Mighty Queen and is seen as the Triple Goddess or the death form of the Triple Goddess.
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Morok God of lies and deceit, ignorance and delusion. But he is also the guardian of the paths to the Truth, hiding the Truth from others behind an empty mundane toil.
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Frost (legend) God of winter and cold weather. A short old man with a long gray beard. In winter, he runs through the fields and streets and knocks - from his knock, bitter frosts begin and the rivers are encased in ice.
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Modi (legend) Modi. As, son of Thor and Sif, sometimes referred to as the patron of berserkers.
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Mitra Ancient Iranian deity, incarnation: bull. His cult was very widespread in the Roman Empire in the first centuries. new era like "Soldier's God".
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Mictlantecuhtli Lord of Mictlan, underworld the dead.
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Month Month Mesyatsovich, brother of the Sun. "Perun was angry with him and cut him in half with a damask axe. Since then, the month has not become round, but the way we see it in heaven."
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Mother Earth Cheese (legend) People revered the Earth not only in pagan times, but also now. The earth is called holy, mother, she is the embodiment of health and purity. The wife of the sky, which fertilizes her with rain.
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Martsana (legend) Goddess of death of all living beings except humans, goddess of hunting, fishing and hunting.
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Marena (legend) Marana, Morena, Marzhana, Marzhona. Goddess associated with the embodiment of death, with the seasonal rituals of the death and resurrection of nature, and with the rituals of bringing rain.
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Marduk Originally the god of the city of Babylon, later - the supreme deity, "the lord of the gods."
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Mara (goddess) (legend) Morana, Morena, Marena, Mora. The mighty and formidable goddess of Winter and Death, the wife (daughter) of Kashchei and the daughter of Lada, sister Alive with Lelya. Her symbol is the Black Moon, piles of broken skulls, and a sickle with which she cuts the Threads of Life.
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Mani Mani. The moon as a deity, one of the three goddesses, along with Hyuk and Bil.
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Mamon (legend) Mamon Slavic black deity of wealth and gluttony, opposed to light gods.
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Small Triglav (legend) Svarog - Perun - Veles.
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Makosh (legend) Makosh - the Goddess spinning the Threads of Fate - in Heaven, as well as the patroness of women's needlework - on Earth.
---
Magura (legend) Daughter of Perun, cloud maiden - beautiful, winged, warlike. Her heart is forever given to warriors, heroes. She sends the dead warriors to Iriy.
---
Magni (legend) Magni. As, son of Thor, god of physical strength.
---
Lub (legend) Lub is the guardian spirit of the marriage bed. He appeared as a big-eared, shaggy, golden-haired cat with an arrowhead stalk in his teeth. Lyuba had to be appeased in every possible way so that he would drive Nelyub away from the bedroom - the same cat, only black and vicious, with a branch of henbane in his mouth.
---
Lei-shen God of thunder.
---
Loki (legend) Giant, god of fire, brother of Odin, accepted by the Asami as an equal.
---
Summer Olympian goddess.
---
Lelya (legend) Spring, the goddess of girlish love, the youngest Rozhanitsa, the patroness of lovers, beauty, happiness. Lada's daughter. Wife of Semargl.
---
Lel (legend) God of youthful love, passion, son of Lada and brother of Lely. Sparks ignite the fire of love from his hands.
---
Lahmu Lahmu and Lahamu - the oldest pair of gods, generated by primitive chaos.
---
Lampetia Daughter of the sun god Phoebe and the oceanides Clymene.
---
Lakshmi A beautiful white-robed maiden born of the ocean, the goddess of beauty and happiness.
---
Lada (legend) The female hypostasis of the Family, the wife of Svarog and the mother of the Svarozhich gods, the elder Rozhanitsa (Rozhanitsa - Mother), family deity.
---
Lad God of reconciliation and harmony, in a sense, order.
---
Löwn Lofn. As, the goddess who sanctifies marriages between people.
---
Kyldysin (legend)
---
Bathing suit Goddess of the night. Mother of Kostroma and Kupala, whom she gave birth to from Semargl.
---
Kupala (legend) Kupala (and his twin sister Kostorma): children of the Goddess of the Night Bathing Suit and Semargl.
---
Kubera God of wealth, living in the heavenly city of Gandharvaranagara ("mirage").
---
Kuaz (legend)
---
Kruchina see [Karna]
---
Kostroma (legend) The daughter of Semargl and Kupalnitsa, who by mistake married her brother Kupala and committed suicide by drowning herself and turning into a mermaid.
---
Kokopelli (legend) Ovivi. Small Indian god.
---
Clymene Nymph (Oceanis), wife of the sun god Phoebus.
---
Kvasura (legend) Originally the god of intoxicated honey, beer, wine, fun and winemaking, almost the same as Yar-Khmel.
---
Yord Goddess of the earth.
---
Ishtar see [Inanna]
---
Ishkuin see [Tlazolteotl]
---
Itzamana Mayan god of healing, fair-skinned bearded man. His symbol is a rattlesnake.
---
Isis Goddess of the moon.
---
Irida Rainbow goddess, daughter of Thaumant.
---
Inmar God, ruler of the upper, heavenly world - the world of the gods.
---
Indra (legend) "Lord". The main god of the Indian Vedic pantheon. In the Book of Veles, he is mentioned as the supreme heavenly god.
---
Inari One of the good gods, benevolent and wise.
---
Inanna Ishtar. Goddess of fertility and love
---
Isis see [Isis]
---
Idunn see [Iddun]
---
Izanami Goddess, wife of Izanaki, later - the mistress of the kingdom of the dead.
---
Izanaki Izanaki - god, creator of the earth and people.
---
Iddun (legend) Idunn. As, goddess eternal youth and doctoring.
---
Zimtserla (legend) Lady of the beginning of the day, goddess of the dawn. It comes out at night to frolic over the forest-fields, and then they call it Zarnitsa.
---
Zeus Supreme Olympian god.
---
Zevana (legend) Goddess of the beasts and the hunt. In the temple, she holds a bow and a trap in her hands, at her feet lies a spear and a knife.
---
Zhurba see [Jelly]
---
jelly see [jelly]
---
Zhivana see [Alive]
---
Alive (legend) the Goddess of Spring and Life in all its manifestations: Life-giving Forces of Nature, spring bubbling waters, the first green shoots; patroness of young girls and young wives.
---
Zhelya (legend) Zhlya, Zhurba. Goddess of mortal sorrow, pity and funeral lamentation, messenger of the dead, escorting to the funeral pyre. Even the mere mention of her name relieves the soul.
---
Yrd Yord. As, mother of Thor, goddess of the earth.
---
Dyy (legend) The name of the god, mentioned in the Old Russian insert in the South Slavic text "The Virgin's Passage through the Torments". Sometimes - the general designation of the middle gods.
---
Dubynya One of the three giant brothers, assistants of Perun (Gorynya, Dubynya and Usynya).
---
Dorida Sea goddess, wife of Nereus, mother of Nereids.
---
Share (legend) Heavenly spinner, spinning a good, fertile thread of human life. Nedoli's sister, Makoshi's assistant.
---
Dodola (legend) Thunder goddess of spring. She walks over the fields and fields with her retinue, and Perun and his companions are chasing them in the noise of a spring thunderstorm.
---
Dogoda (legend) God of a quiet, pleasant wind and clear weather. A ruddy, fair-haired young man in a cornflower blue wreath, in silver-blue clothes, with semi-precious wings behind his back.
---
Dimuzi Tammuz. God of spring fertility, patron of cattle breeders.
---
Dimu-nannyan Goddess, personification of the earth.
---
Did (legend) The third son of the goddess Lada, after Lelya and Polely, the god of conjugal love. Forever young Didid patronizes strong unions, is revered as a symbol of ageless, inescapable love.
---
Divia (legend) (Diva) Goddess of nature, mother of all living things. The paramount goddess, equal in size to Dyu.
---
Diverkiz (legend) Hare god, once revered by the Slavic and Baltic tribes.
---
Diva (legend) Virgo, Divia, Dina (Valakh), Devana (Czech) Goddess of hunting, protected forests, animals, maidens (women's secret hunting communities).
---
Di-jun God, father of heavenly bodies.
---
Danai Father of the nymph Amimone.
---
Dana (legend) Goddess of water. She was revered as a bright and kind goddess, giving life to all living things.
---
Dazhdbog Svarozhich (legend) Dabog, Dazhbog, Dabusha. "Giving God", "Giver of all blessings". God of the Sun, son of Svarog.
---
Gullveig (legend) Gullveig. Wang, one of the main opponents of the aces. Ases speak of her as a witch and a sorceress.
---
Horus The bird-headed god of the sun.
---
Gna Gna. Ace, a servant and messenger of Frigga, who travels around different worlds, fulfilling the instructions of her mistress.
---
Gaia Goddess - Earth, wife of Uranus, mother of Tetis.
---
Gefun Gefju. As, goddess of gardening and the plow
---
Hephaestus God of flame, blacksmith.
---
Hermes Trismegistus (Thrice the greatest). The patron of magic and esotericism.
---
Hermes "Messenger", "Thief", "Psychopomp" - the driver of souls to the kingdom of Hades.
---
Helia Daughter of the sun god Phoebe and the oceanides Clymene.
---
Helios God of the Sun of Olympus, son of the titans Hyperion and Feya, brother of Selene and Eos.
---
Geladas Daughters of the sun god Phoebus and oceanides Klymene: Faetusa, Lampetia, Helia and Etheria.
---
Hekate Goddess of dark forces, the underworld and the night, three-faced and snake-haired.
---
Garuda (legend) Bird of paradise, half eagle half man, symbol of speed and power, child of heaven and king of all birds. Phoenix.
---
Vjofn Vjofn. As, the goddess of harmony and reconciliation, who resolves differences among mortals.
---
Vulcan The Roman god of the blacksmith, and also the god of the cleansing flame, protecting from fires.
---
Vritra Demon from the myth of Indra.
---
Wotan Mayan god, fair-skinned bearded man. His symbol is a snake
---
Vor. As, goddess of curiosity and the solution of mysteries
---
Water strider A small Indian god.
---
Vishnu The second god of the trinity, head of the Brahminist pantheon. Depicted as blue, with four arms, holding a club, a conch, a disk, and a lotus.
---
Vili search As, son (daughter) of Bor, brother (sister) of Odin and Ve.
---
Vidar (legend) Silent Ace, the son of Odin and the giantess Grid, is almost as powerful as the thunder god Thor.
---
Evening Goddess of the evening (she corresponds to Vechernik). Sister of Midday, Bathing and Dawn - Zarenitsy.
---
We are wanted by As, son (daughter) of Bor, brother (sister) of Odin and Vili.
---
Varuna God of the Ocean.
---
Varma-ava Goddess of the wind in Mordovia.
---
Var Var. As, goddess of truth. He listens and writes down the oaths of people.
---
Vaner vans. A kind of gods in Scandinavia, at enmity with the gods - Asami.
---
Vanadis see [Freya]
---
Vali (legend) As, one of the twelve main (after Odin) gods.
---
Storm (legend) Goddess of the wind, wife of Stribog. "Required as Stribog."
---
Storm Buri. Ace, freed from the ice by the cow Audumla, father of Bor.
---
Bulda One of the gods. wanted
---
Bragi (legend) "Long-bearded". As, god of poets and skalds, son of Odin, husband of Idunn.
---
Bor Bor. As, son of Storm, husband of Bestla, father of Odin, Vili and Ve.
---
Big Triglav or Rodov Triglav: Rod - Belobog - Chernobog.
---
Bozhich (legend) Bozhik (maked.), Mares (lat.). One of the heroes of the caroling ritual, a symbol of the new year. Bozic patronizes the family and hearth.
---
Bogumir (legend) Son of Dazhbog and Morena. He married Slavun and from him came all the people on the Russian land, the tribes from his children. Therefore, they say that the Rus are Dazhdbozh's grandchildren.
---
Bill Bill. The waning moon, one of the three goddesses, along with Hyuk and Mani.
---
Belobog (legend) Embodiment of Light, Good, Good Luck, happiness, goodness, personification of the daytime spring sky. Collective image of all bright gods.
---
Barma (legend) God of prayer. This is a good god, but if he falls into a rage, at this moment it is better not to get in his way.
---
Balder (legend) As, god of spring, joy and happiness. With his death, the world became gray and dull, as it is now.
---
Aushra Lithuanian god of dawn.
---
Aesir Aesir. Kind of gods in Scandinavia.
---
Aster "Star". One of the names of Veles.
---
Aslati God of Thunder.
---
Artemis Goddess of the hunt.
---
Apollo Olympian god of the sun, son of Zeus and Leto, brother of Artemis.
---
Anu God of the sky.
---
Andrimnir (legend) A cook in Valhalla.
---
Amaterasu Amaterasu is the Goddess of the Sun.
---
Hades Lord of the realm of the dead.
---
Azovushka Wife of Veles.
---
Aegir (legend) Van, the god of the sea, who controls the mood of the sea surface.
---
Aditya The supreme spirit, the essence of the universe in the Rigveda.
---
Aditi Father of all gods.
---
Adad God of thunder, rain and storm.
---
Agunya (legend) God of Earth Fire, the youngest of the Svarozhichs. It represents the Power of the Gods of Heaven on Earth - cleansing and protecting from all evil spirits.
---
Agrik Legendary bogatyr who wielded a treasure-sword, mentioned in The Tale of Peter and Fevronia.
---
Aurora Goddess of the dawn.
Drawing up a harmonious combination of a surname and a name for the Japanese is a complex science with a long tradition. In Japan, there is a special code of names, consisting of more than two thousand hieroglyphs. Until now, parents turn to specialists - compilers of Japanese names. Usually the names of boys and girls living in the same village are never repeated.
In Japan, there is no concept of "namesake". The Japanese did not have the concept of “fashionable names”, with the exception of “ordinal” male names. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the Japanese use their surnames much more often than personal names.
Last name first, then first name
Japanese names consist of two parts: the family name, which is written and pronounced first, and the personal name, which, according to Eastern tradition, comes second. Modern Japanese often write their names in "European order" (personal name followed by family name) when written in romaji (Latin) or kiriji (Cyrillic). For convenience, the Japanese sometimes write their surname in capital letters so that it is not confused with the given name.
Europeans, who rarely attach importance to the etymology of proper names, constantly face difficulties in reading, translating and transcribing Japanese given names and surnames. Modern Japanese can suggest how their names should be read, but they do not always dare to translate nominal hieroglyphs into foreign languages. The Japanese are creative with the names of foreigners: Svetlana may not recognize herself in "Suetorana" or Carmen will not immediately respond to the Japanese "Karumen".
How did the surnames appear?
Until the second half of the 19th century, only aristocrats (kuge) and samurai (bushi) had surnames in Japan. The rest of the population of Japan managed with personal names and nicknames. Number aristocratic families in Japan is limited and unchanged since antiquity. The most noble clans of Japanese aristocrats are the Fujiwara clan, the common name is "Gosetsuke": Konoe, Takashi, Kujo, Ichijo and Gojo. In modern Japan, there are about one hundred thousand surnames, of which more than seventy thousand appeared only 130 years ago.
In the Meiji era ("Enlightened rule") in 1868-1911. Emperor Mutsuhito ordered all Japanese peasants, artisans and merchants to choose any surname. Some Japanese instead of a surname wrote down the name of the city or village in which they lived, others “for the surname” took the name of the store or workshop in which they served. Creative people themselves came up with sonorous surnames.
Most of the surnames of modern Japanese are associated with peasant life, the cultivation of rice and its processing. For example, the surname Khakamada consists of two characters: "hakama" (the lower part of the traditional Japanese costume, men's pants or women's skirt) and "da" ("rice field"). Judging by the "peasant" meaning of the hieroglyphs, it can be assumed that the ancestors of Irina Khakamada were field workers.
In Japan, you can meet people with the common surname Ito and exactly the same name Ito (translated as "dandy, dandy, Italy"). But such coincidences are very rare.
The only exception is Emperor Akihito (Show Mercy) and members of his family. The "symbol of the nation" of Japan never had a surname.
Samurai names
In the 12th century, the first military usurper in the history of Japan was the samurai shogun Minamoto-no-Yoritomo, or Yoritomo from the Minamoto clan (translated as “source”), who laid the foundation for the formation of a privileged class-estate of the samurai.
Samurai chose their personal names depending on life circumstances: promotion, relocation in connection with the service, etc. The fall of the last Tokugawa shogunate ("River of Virtue") and the transfer of power to Emperor Mutsuhito were fixed on long years exclusive military privileges.
Until the 19th century, in addition to complete impunity and the possibility of easy money, samurai had the right to give names to their vassals. The names of samurai servants and peasants were often given "in order": Ichiro - the first son, Jiro - the second, Saburo - the third, Shiro - the fourth, Goro - the fifth, etc. In addition to "-ro", the suffixes "-emon", "-ji", "-zo", "-suke", "-be" were used.
Modern Japanese male names also carry information about the "serial number" of the son in the family. Until now, often in personal male names Japanese use the suffixes "-ichi" and "-kazu" ("first son"), "-ji" ("second son") and "-zo" ("third son").
The emperors of Japan are not usually called the same and distinguished by serial number, like commoners. By old tradition, the names of Japanese emperors are composed with the second hieroglyph "compassion, mercy, sympathy." Emperor Mutsuhito's name is a combination of two characters for "friendly, warm" and "compassion". Emperor Hirohito, who ruled Japan from 1926-1989, was raised by samurai veterans of the Russo-Japanese War.
After the collapse of the empire nuclear bombings cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, complete and unconditional surrender Hirohito (approximately - "Exuberant Mercy"), in a state of "deep shock", showed compassion for his own people, appealed to the mercy of the conquerors and renounced his divine origin.
Since the 19th-20th centuries, wealthy and influential samurai have retained their highest positions in civil and military government. Others became the founders of Japanese entrepreneurship. From the samurai environment a part was formed creative intelligentsia. All personal names of aristocrats and high-ranking samurai consisted of two hieroglyphs with a "noble" meaning.
For example, the name of the son of a military instructor Kurosawa (“Black Swamp”) Akira (“bright”, “clear”) can be roughly translated into Russian as “light in the dark” or “enlightenment”. Perhaps, only thanks to the well-given name, an artist by education, Akira Kurosawa became a director, a classic of Japanese and world cinema, changing our understanding of the world (“swamp”).
Most Japanese female names end in "-ko" ("child") or "-mi" ("beauty"). Japanese women are often given names associated with everything beautiful, pleasant and feminine, graceful.
Unlike men's female names are usually written not in "solemn" characters, but simply in hiragana (the Japanese alphabet used to write Chinese and Japanese words).
So, new list names
New generations of educated Japanese parents have long sought to expand the old list of nominal characters in order to compose completely new, interesting and original names to my children. In September 2004, the Japanese received an additional list of more than 500 characters for the official name of the little Japanese.
Very extravagant signs were included in the new list of nominal hieroglyphs, worked out in the offices of the Ministry of Justice of Japan. Among the "new products" appeared hieroglyphs with strange meanings for names: "beetle", "frog", "spider", "turnip".
The child-loving Japanese were seriously indignant. Then the Ministry of Justice of Japan urgently announced that several strange characters were excluded from the new name list: “cancer tumor”, “prostitute”, “buttock”, “hemorrhoids”, “curse”, “debauchery”, “malice”, etc. Some citizens The countries of the rising sun reacted with complete indifference to the "nominal scandal".
In modern Japan, every adult Japanese can take a pseudonym for himself, and after death, almost all Japanese receive new, posthumous names (kaimyo), which are written on a special wooden tablet (ihai) - the embodiment of the spirit of the deceased. Most Japanese believe in reincarnation and try not to worry about fleeting little things in life, even as important as a personal name. Perhaps that is why the Japanese rarely give children the names of their venerable ancestors.
Common Japanese Surnames and Their Meanings
The following table provides a list of the most common Japanese surnames along with the characters, readings, and their meaning in Russian as of April 2010.
As already mentioned in the article about Japanese names, you can see that most Japanese surnames mean various rural landscapes.
| Last name position | Japanese surnames in Russian | Japanese last names in hieroglyphs | The meanings of the hieroglyphs of Japanese surnames |
|---|---|---|---|
| １ | Sato: | 佐藤 | assistant + wisteria |
| ２ | Suzuki | 鈴木 | bell (bell) + tree |
| ３ | Takahashi | 高橋 | high+bridge |
| ４ | Tanaka | 田中 | rice field + middle |
| ５ | Watanabe | 渡辺／渡邊 | to cross+neighborhood |
| ６ | Ito: | 伊藤 | I + wisteria |
| ７ | Yamamoto | 山本 | mountain + base |
| ８ | Nakamura | 中村 | middle + village |
| 9 | Kobayashi | 小林 | small forest |
| 10 | Kato: | 加藤 | add + wisteria |
| 11 | Yoshida | 吉田 | happiness + rice field |
| 12 | Yamada | 山田 | mountain + rice field |
| 13 | Sasaki | 佐々木 | helpers + tree |
| 14 | Yamaguchi | 山口 | mountain + mouth, entrance |
| 15 | Saito: | 斎藤／齋藤 | cleansing (religious) + wisteria |
| 16 | Matsumoto | 松本 | pine + base |
| 17 | inoe | 井上 | well + top |
| 18 | Kimura | 木村 | tree + village |
| 19 | Hayashi | 林 | forest |
| 20 | Shimizu | 清水 | pure water |
| 21 | Yamazaki／ Yamasaki | 山崎 | mountain + cape |
| 22 | Maury | 森 | forest |
| 23 | Abe | 阿部 | corner, shadow; sector; |
| 24 | Ikeda | 池田 | pond + rice field |
| 25 | Hashimoto | 橋本 | bridge + base |
| 26 | Yamashita | 山下 | mountain + under, bottom |
| 27 | Ishikawa | 石川 | stone + river |
| 28 | Nakajima／Nakashima | 中島 | middle + island |
| 29 | Maeda | 前田 | behind + rice field |
| 30 | Fujita | 藤田 | wisteria + rice field |
| 31 | Ogawa | 小川 | small river |
| 32 | Goto: | 後藤 | behind, future + wisteria |
| 33 | Okada | 岡田 | hill + rice field |
| 34 | Hasegawa | 長谷川 | long+valley+river |
| 35 | Murakami | 村上 | village + top |
| 36 | Condo | 近藤 | close + wisteria |
| 37 | Isius | 石井 | stone + well |
| 38 | Saito: | 斉藤／齊藤 | equal+wisteria |
| 39 | Sakamoto | 坂本 | slope + base |
| 40 | Iendo: | 遠藤 | distant + wisteria |
| 41 | Aoki | 青木 | green, young + tree |
| 42 | Fujii | 藤井 | wisteria + well |
| 43 | Nishimura | 西村 | west+village |
| 44 | Fukuda | 福田 | happiness, prosperity + rice field |
| 45 | Oota | 太田 | large + rice field |
| 46 | Miura | 三浦 | three bays |
| 47 | Okamoto | 岡本 | hill + base |
| 48 | Matsuda | 松田 | pine + rice field |
| 49 | Nakagawa | 中川 | middle + river |
| 50 | Nakano | 中野 | middle + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 51 | Harada | 原田 | plain, field; steppe + rice field |
| 52 | Fujiwara | 藤原 | wisteria + plain, field; steppe |
| 53 | It | 小野 | small + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 54 | Tamura | 田村 | rice field + village |
| 55 | Takeuchi | 竹内 | bamboo+inside |
| 56 | Kaneko | 金子 | gold + child |
| 57 | Wada | 和田 | harmony + rice field |
| 58 | Nakayama | 中山 | middle + mountain |
| 59 | Isis | 石田 | stone + rice field |
| 60 | Ueda/Ueta | 上田 | top+rice field |
| 61 | Morita | 森田 | forest + rice field |
| 62 | Hara | 原 | plain, field; steppe |
| 63 | Sibata | 柴田 | brushwood + rice field |
| 64 | Sakai | 酒井 | alcohol + well |
| 65 | Kudo: | 工藤 | working + wisteria |
| 66 | Yokoyama | 横山 | side of the mountain |
| 67 | Miyazaki | 宮崎 | temple, palace + cape |
| 68 | Miyamoto | 宮本 | temple, palace + base |
| 69 | Uchida | 内田 | inside+rice field |
| 70 | Takagi | 高木 | tall tree |
| 71 | Ando: | 安藤 | calm + wisteria |
| 72 | Taniguchi | 谷口 | valley + mouth, entrance |
| 73 | Uno | 大野 | large + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 74 | Maruyama | 丸山 | round+mountain |
| 75 | Imai | 今井 | now+well |
| 76 | Takada／ Takata | 高田 | high + rice field |
| 77 | Fujimoto | 藤本 | wisteria + base |
| 78 | Takeda | 武田 | military + rice field |
| 79 | Murata | 村田 | village + rice field |
| 80 | Ueno | 上野 | top + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 81 | sugiyama | 杉山 | Japanese cedar + mountain |
| 82 | Masuda | 増田 | enlarge+rice field |
| 83 | sugawara | 菅原 | sedge + plain, field; steppe |
| 84 | Hirano | 平野 | level + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 85 | Ootsuka | 大塚 | big+hill |
| 86 | Kojima | 小島 | small+island |
| 87 | Chiba | 千葉 | a thousand sheets |
| 88 | Kubo | 久保 | long+support |
| 89 | Matsui | 松井 | pine + well |
| 90 | Iwasaki | 岩崎 | rock + cape |
| 91 | sakurai | 桜井／櫻井 | sakura + well |
| 92 | Kinoshita | 木下 | tree + under, bottom |
| 93 | Noguchi | 野口 | [uncultivated] field; plain + mouth, entrance |
| 94 | Matsuo | 松尾 | pine + tail |
| 95 | Nomura | 野村 | [uncultivated] field; plain + village |
| 96 | Kikuchi | 菊地 | chrysanthemum + earth |
| 97 | Sano | 佐野 | assistant + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 98 | Oonisi | 大西 | big west |
| 99 | Sugimoto | 杉本 | Japanese cedar + roots |
| 100 | Arai | 新井 | new well |
| 101 | Hamada | 浜田／濱田 | shore + rice field |
| 102 | Ichikawa | 市川 | city + river |
| 103 | Furukawa | 古川 | old river |
| 104 | Mizuno | 水野 | water + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 105 | Komatsu | 小松 | little pine |
| 106 | Shimada | 島田 | island + rice field |
| 107 | Koyama | 小山 | small mountain |
| 108 | Takano | 高野 | high + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 109 | Yamauchi | 山内 | mountain+inside |
| 110 | Nishida | 西田 | west + rice field |
| 111 | Kikuchi | 菊池 | chrysanthemum + pond |
| 112 | Nishikawa | 西川 | west + river |
| 113 | Igarashi | 五十嵐 | 50 storms |
| 114 | Kitamura | 北村 | north+village |
| 115 | Yasuda | 安田 | calm + rice field |
| 116 | Nakata／ Nakada | 中田 | middle + rice field |
| 117 | Kawaguchi | 川口 | river + mouth, entrance |
| 118 | Hirata | 平田 | flat + rice field |
| 119 | kawasaki | 川崎 | river + cape |
| 120 | Iida | 飯田 | boiled rice, food + rice field |
| 121 | Yoshikawa | 吉川 | happiness + river |
| 122 | Honda | 本田 | base + rice field |
| 123 | Kubota | 久保田 | long+maintain+rice field |
| 124 | Sawada | 沢田／澤田 | swamp + rice field |
| 125 | Tsuji | 辻 | Street |
| 126 | seki | 関／關 | Outpost; barrier |
| 127 | Yoshimura | 吉村 | happiness + village |
| 128 | Watanabe | 渡部 | to cross + part; sector; |
| 129 | Iwata | 岩田 | rock + rice field |
| 130 | Nakanishi | 中西 | west+middle |
| 131 | Hattori | 服部 | clothes, subordinate + part; sector; |
| 132 | Higuchi | 樋口 | gutter; drain + mouth, input |
| 133 | Fukushima | 福島 | happiness, prosperity + island |
| 134 | Kawakami | 川上 | river + top |
| 135 | Nagai | 永井 | eternal well |
| 136 | Matsuoka | 松岡 | pine + hill |
| 137 | Taguchi | 田口 | rice floor+mouth |
| 138 | Yamanaka | 山中 | mountain + middle |
| 139 | Morimoto | 森本 | forest + base |
| 140 | Tsuchiya | 土屋 | land + house |
| 141 | I but | 矢野 | arrow + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 142 | Hirose | 広瀬／廣瀬 | wide fast current |
| 143 | Ozawa | 小沢／小澤 | small swamp |
| 144 | Akiyama | 秋山 | autumn + mountain |
| 145 | Ishihara | 石原 | stone + plain, field; steppe |
| 146 | Matsushita | 松下 | pine+under, bottom |
| 147 | Woman | 馬場 | horse + seat |
| 148 | Oohashi | 大橋 | big bridge |
| 149 | Matsuura | 松浦 | pine + bay |
| 150 | Yoshioka | 吉岡 | happiness + hill |
| 151 | Koike | 小池 | small + pond |
| 152 | Asano | 浅野／淺野 | small + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 153 | Araki | 荒木 | wild+tree |
| 154 | Ookubo | 大久保 | big+long+support |
| 155 | Kumagai | 熊谷 | bear + valley |
| 156 | But yes | 野田 | [uncultivated] field; plain+rice field |
| 157 | Tanabe | 田辺／田邊 | rice field + surroundings |
| 158 | Kawamura | 川村 | river + village |
| 159 | Hoshino | 星野 | star + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 160 | Ootani | 大谷 | big valley |
| 161 | Kuroda | 黒田 | black rice field |
| 162 | hori | 堀 | channel |
| 163 | Ozaki | 尾崎 | tail + cape |
| 164 | Mochizuki | 望月 | full moon |
| 165 | Nagata | 永田 | eternal rice field |
| 166 | Naito | 内藤 | inside + wisteria |
| 167 | Matsumura | 松村 | pine + village |
| 168 | Nishiyama | 西山 | west + mountain |
| 169 | Hirai | 平井 | level well |
| 170 | Ooshima | 大島 | big Island |
| 171 | Iwamoto | 岩本 | rock + base |
| 172 | Katayama | 片山 | piece + mountain |
| 173 | Homma | 本間 | base + gap, room, luck |
| 174 | Hayakawa | 早川 | early + river |
| 175 | Yokota | 横田 | side+rice field |
| 176 | Okazaki | 岡崎 | hill+cape |
| 177 | Arai | 荒井 | wild well |
| 178 | Ooisi | 大石 | big Stone |
| 179 | Kamata | 鎌田 | sickle, scythe + rice field |
| 180 | Narita | 成田 | form + rice field |
| 181 | Miyata | 宮田 | temple, palace + rice field |
| 182 | Oh yeah | 小田 | small rice field |
| 183 | Ishibashi | 石橋 | stone + bridge |
| 184 | Ko:but | 河野 | river + [uncultivated] field; plain |
| 185 | shinohara | 篠原 | undersized bamboo + plain, field; steppe |
| 186 | Suto/Sudo | 須藤 | certainly + wisteria |
| 187 | Hagiwara | 萩原 | bicolor lespedeza + plain, field; steppe |
| 188 | Takayama | 高山 | high mountain |
| 189 | Oosawa | 大沢／大澤 | big swamp |
| 190 | Konishi | 小西 | small+west |
| 191 | Minami | 南 | south |
| 192 | Kurihara | 栗原 | chestnut + plain, field; steppe |
| 193 | Ito | 伊東 | that, he + east |
| 194 | Matsubara | 松原 | pine + plain, field; steppe |
| 195 | Miyake | 三宅 | three houses |
| 196 | Fukui | 福井 | happiness, well-being + well |
| 197 | Oomori | 大森 | big forest |
| 198 | Okumura | 奥村 | deep (hidden) + village |
| 199 | Oka | 岡 | Hill |
| 200 | Uchiyama | 内山 | inside+mountain |
A Japanese given name (Japanese jinmei?) these days usually consists of a family name (surname) followed by a personal name. This is a very common practice for Eastern and South-East Asia, including for Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai and some other cultures.
Names are usually written in kanji, which can have many different pronunciations on different occasions.
Modern Japanese names can be compared to names in many other cultures. All Japanese have a single surname and a single given name without a middle name, with the exception of the Japanese Imperial Family, whose members do not have a surname.
In Japan, the surname comes first, and then the given name. At the same time, in Western languages (often in Russian), Japanese names are written in the reverse order of first name - last name - according to European tradition.
Names in Japan are often created independently from existing characters, so the country has a huge number of unique names. Surnames are more traditional and most often go back to toponyms. Names in Japanese much more than family names. Male and female names differ due to their characteristic components and structure. Reading Japanese proper names is one of the most difficult elements of the Japanese language.
Ai - F - Love
Aiko - F - Beloved child
Akako - F - Red
Akane - F - Sparkling Red
Akemi - F - Dazzlingly beautiful
Akeno - M - Clear morning
Aki - F - Born in autumn
Akiko - F - Autumn child
Akina - F - Spring flower
Akio - M - Handsome
Akira - M - Smart, quick-witted
Akiyama - M - Autumn, mountain
Amaya - F - Night rain
Ami - F - Friend
Amida - M - Name of the Buddha
Anda - F - Met in the field
Aneko - F - Older sister
Anzu - F - Apricot
Arata - M - Inexperienced
Arisu - F - Yap. form of the name Alice
Asuka - F - The scent of tomorrow
Ayame - F - Iris
Azarni - F - Thistle flower
Benjiro - M - Enjoying the world
Botan - M - Peony
Chika - F - Wisdom
Chikako - F - Child of Wisdom
Chinatsu - F - A thousand years
Chiyo - F - Eternity
Chizu - F - A thousand storks (longevity is implied)
Cho - F - Butterfly
Dai - M/F - Great
Daichi - M - Great first son
Daiki - M - Great Tree
Daisuke - M - Great Help
Etsu - F - Delightful, charming
Etsuko - F - A delightful child
Fudo - M - God of fire and wisdom
Fujita - M/F - Field, meadow
Gin - F - Silver
Goro - M - Fifth son
Hana - F - Flower
Hanako - F - Flower Child
Haru - M - Born in Spring
Haruka - F - Far
Haruko - F - Spring
Hachiro - M - Eighth son
Hideaki - M - Brilliant, excellent
Hikaru - M/F - Light, shining
Hide - F - Fertile
Hiroko - F - Generous
Hiroshi - M - Generous
Hitomi - F - Doubly beautiful
Hoshi - F - Star
Hotaka - M - The name of a mountain in Japan
Hotaru - F - Firefly
Ichiro - M - First son
Ima - F - Gift
Isami - M - Courage
Ishi - F - Stone
Izanami - F - Attractive
Izumi - F - Fountain
Jiro - M - Second son
Joben - M - Loving purity
Jomei - M - Carrying light
Junko - F - Pure child
Juro - M - Tenth son
Kado - M - Gate
Kaede - F - Maple leaf
Kagami - F - Mirror
Kameko - F - Child of the turtle (symbol of longevity)
Kanaya - M - Zealous
Kano - M - God of water
Kasumi - F - Fog
Katashi - M - Hardness
Katsu - M - Victory
Katsuo - M - Victorious Child
Katsuro - M - Victorious son
Kazuki - M - Joyful World
Kazuko - F - Cheerful child
Kazuo - M - Sweet son
Kei - F - Respectful
Keiko - F - Adored
Keitaro - M - Blessed
Ken - M - Big Guy
Ken`ichi - M - Strong first son
Kenji - M - Strong second son
Kenshin - M - Heart of the sword
Kenta - M - Healthy and bold
Kichi - F - Lucky
Kichiro - M - Lucky Son
Kiku - F - Chrysanthemum
Kimiko - F - Child of noble blood
Kin - M - Golden
Kioko - F - Happy child
Kisho - M - Having a head on his shoulders
Kita - F - North
Kiyoko - F - Purity
Kiyoshi - M - Quiet
Kohaku - M/F - Amber
Kohana - F - Small flower
Koko - F - Stork
Koto - F - Jap. musical instrument "koto"
Kotone - F - Koto sound
Kumiko - F - Forever beautiful
Kuri - F - Chestnut
Kuro - M - Ninth son
Kyo - M - Consent (or red)
Kyoko - F - Mirror
Leiko - F - Arrogant
Machi - F - Ten thousand years
Machiko - F - Lucky child
Maeko - F - Honest child
Maemi - F - Sincere smile
Mai - F - Bright
Makoto - M - sincere
Mamiko - F - Baby Mami
Mamoru - M - Earth
Manami - F - The beauty of love
Mariko - F - Child of Truth
Marise - M/F - Endless
Masa - M/F - Straight (human)
Masakazu - M - First son of Masa
Mashiro - M - Wide
Matsu - F - Pine
Mayako - F - Child Maya
Mayoko - F - Baby Mayo
Mayuko - F - Baby Mayu
Michi - F - Fair
Michie - F - Gracefully dangling flower
Michiko - F - Beautiful and wise
Michio - M - Man with the strength of three thousand
Midori - F - Green
Mihoko - F - Baby Miho
Mika - F - New Moon
Miki - M/F - Stalk
Mikio - M - Three woven trees
Mina - F - South
Minako - F - Beautiful child
Mine - F - Brave Protector
Minoru - M - Seed
Misaki - F - Bloom of Beauty
Mitsuko - F - Child of Light
Miya - F - Three arrows
Miyako - F - Beautiful baby March
Mizuki - F - Beautiful moon
Momoko - F - Peach Child
Montaro - M - Big guy
Moriko - F - Child of the Forest
Morio - M - Forest boy
Mura - F - Rustic
Mutsuko - F - Baby Mutsu
Japanese names and their meanings
Nahoko - F - Baby Naho
Nami - F - Wave
Namiko - F - Child of the Waves
Nana - F - Apple
Naoko - F - Obedient child
Naomi - F - "Beauty First"
Nara - F - Oak
Nariko - F - Sissy
Natsuko - F - Summer child
Natsumi - F - Beautiful summer
Nayoko - F - Baby Nayo
Nibori - M - Famous
Nikki - M/F - Two Trees
Nikko - M - Daylight
Nori - F - Law
Noriko - F - Child of the Law
Nozomi - F - Hope
Nyoko - F - Jewel
Oki - F - Mid Ocean
Orino - F - Peasant Meadow
Osamu - M - Firmness of the law
Rafu - M - Network
Rai - F - Truth
Raidon - M - God of Thunder
Ran - F - Water lily
Rei - F - Gratitude
Reiko - F - Gratitude
Ren - F - Water lily
Renjiro - M - Honest
Renzo - M - Third son
Riko - F - Jasmine Child
Rin - F - Unfriendly
Rinji - M - Peaceful forest
Rini - F - Little Bunny
Risako - F - Child Risa
Ritsuko - F - Child of Ritsu
Roka - M - White wave crest
Rokuro - M - Sixth son
Ronin - M - Samurai without a master
Rumiko - F - Baby Rumi
Ruri - F - Emerald
Ryo - M - Superb
Ryoichi - M - First son of Ryo
Ryoko - F - Baby Ryo
Ryota - M - Strong (obese)
Ryozo - M - Third son of Ryo
Ryuichi - M - First son of Ryu
Ryuu - M - Dragon
Saburo - M - Third son
Sachi - F - Happiness
Sachiko - F - Child of happiness
Sachio - M - Luckily Born
Saeko - F - Baby Sae
Saki - F - Cape (geographical)
Sakiko - F - Baby Saki
Sakuko - F - Baby Saku
Sakura - F - Cherry blossoms
Sanako - F - Baby Sana
Sango - F - Coral
Saniiro - M - Wonderful
Satu - F - Sugar
Sayuri - F - Little lily
Seiichi - M - First son of Sei
Sen - M - Spirit of the tree
Shichiro - M - Seventh son
Shika - F - Deer
Shima - M - Islander
Shina - F - Worthy
Shinichi - M - First son of Shin
Shiro - M - Fourth son
Shizuka - F - Quiet
Sho - M - Prosperity
Sora - F - Sky
Sorano - F - Heavenly
Suki - F - Favorite
Suma - F - Asking
Sumi - F - Purified (religious)
Susumi - M - Moving forward (successful)
Suzu - F - Bell (bell)
Suzume - F - Sparrow
Tadao - M - Helpful
Taka - F - Noble
Takako - F - Tall child
Takara - F - Treasure
Takashi - M - Famous
Takehiko - M - Bamboo Prince
Takeo - M - Like Bamboo
Takeshi - M - Bamboo tree or brave
Takumi - M - Artisan
Tama - M/F - Jewel
Tamiko - F - Child of abundance
Tani - F - From the valley (child)
Taro - M - Firstborn
Taura - F - Many lakes; many rivers
Teijo - M - Fair
Tomeo - M - Cautious person
Tomiko - F - Child of Wealth
Tora - F - Tigress
Torio - M - Bird's tail
Toru - M - Sea
Toshi - F - Mirror reflection
Toshiro - M - Talented
Toya - M/F - House door
Tsukiko - F - Child of the moon
Tsuyu - F - Morning dew
Udo - M - Ginseng
Ume - F - Plum Blossom
Umeko - F - Child of Plum Blossoms
Usagi - F - Rabbit
Uyeda - M - From the rice field (child)
Yachi - F - Eight thousand
Yasu - F - Calm
Yasuo - M - Mirny
Yayoi - F - March
Yogi - M - Yoga Practitioner
Yoko - F - Child of the sun
Yori - F - Trustworthy
Yoshi - F - Perfection
Yoshiko - F - Perfect child
Yoshiro - M - Perfect Son
Yuki - M - Snow
Yukiko - F - Snow Child
Yukio - M - Cherished by God
Yuko - F - Kind child
Yumako - F - Baby Yuma
Yumi - F - Like a bow (weapon)
Yumiko - F - Arrow Child
Yuri - F - Lily
Yuriko - F - Child of a lily
Yuu - M - Noble blood
Yuudai - M - Great Hero
Nagisa - "coast"
Kaworu - "to smell sweet"
Ritsuko - "science", "attitude"
Akagi - "mahogany"
Shinji - "death"
Misato - "beautiful city"
Katsuragi - "fortress with walls entwined with grass"
Asuka - lit. "love-love"
Soryu - "central current"
Ayanami - "strip of fabric", "wave pattern"
Rei - "zero", "example", "soul"
KENSHIN name means "Heart of the sword".
Japanese names and their meanings
Akito - Sparkling Man
Kuramori Reika - "Treasure Protector" and "Cold Summer" Rurouni - Wandering Wanderer
Himura - "Burning Village"
Shishio Makoto - True Hero
Takani Megumi - "Love Sublime"
Shinomori Aoshi - "Green Bamboo Forest"
Makimachi Misao - "Ruling the City"
Saito Hajime - "The Beginning of Human Life"
Hiko Seijuro - "Justice Triumphed"
Seta Sojiro - "Comprehensive Forgiveness"
Mirai is the future
Hajime - boss
Mamoru is a protector
Jibo - earth
hikari - light
Atarashiki - transformations
Namida - tears
Sora - the sky
Ginga - the universe
Eve is alive
Izzy is a doctor
Usagi is a rabbit
Tsukino - Lunar
Ray is the soul
Hino - fire
Ami - rain
Mitsuno - water
Corey - ice, icy
makoto is true
Cinema - air, forest
Minako - Venus
Aino - loving
Setsuna - Guard
Mayo - castle, palace
Haruka - 1) distance, 2) heavenly
Teno - heavenly
Michiru - the way
Cayo - sea
Hotaru - light
Tomo is a friend.
Kaori - soft, affectionate
Yumi - "Perfumed Beauty"
Hakufu - Noble Sign
Japanese nominal suffixes and personal pronouns
Nominal suffixes
In Japanese, there is a whole set of so-called nominal suffixes, that is, suffixes added in colloquial speech to names, surnames, nicknames and other words denoting an interlocutor or a third person. They are used to indicate the social relationship between the speaker and the one being spoken about. The choice of a suffix is determined by the character of the speaker (normal, rude, very polite), his attitude towards the listener (usual politeness, respect, fawning, rudeness, arrogance), their position in society and the situation in which the conversation takes place (one on one, in the circle of loved ones friends, between colleagues, between strangers, in public). What follows is a list of some of these suffixes (in ascending order of "respect") and their usual meanings.
Tyan (chan) - A close analogue of the "diminutive" suffixes of the Russian language. Usually used in relation to the younger or lower in the social sense, with whom one develops a close relationship. In the use of this suffix, the element of "lisping" is felt. Usually used when referring to adults to children, boys to their beloved girls, girlfriends to each other, small children to each other. The use of this suffix in relation to people who are not very close, equal in position to the speaker, is impolite. For example, if a guy refers to a peer of the same age with whom he does not “twist an affair”, then he shows incorrectness. A girl who addresses a fellow peer with whom she doesn’t “twist an affair” is, in fact, rude.
Kun (kun) - An analogue of the appeal "comrade". Most often used between men or in relation to guys. Indicates, rather, some "official", however, close relations. Say, between classmates, partners or friends. It can also be used in relation to the younger or lower in the social sense, when this circumstance does not need to be emphasized.
Yang (yan) - Kansai analogue of "-chan" and "-kun".
Pyon (pyon) - Children's version of "-kun".
Tti (cchi) - Children's version of "-chan" (cf. "Tamagotti").
Without suffix - Close relationship, but without "lisping". The usual address of adults to teenage children, friends to each other, etc. If a person does not use suffixes at all, then this is a clear indicator of rudeness. Addressing by surname without a suffix is a sign of familiar, but "detached" relationships (a typical example is the relationship of schoolchildren or students).
San (san) - An analogue of the Russian "mister / madam". A general indication of respect. Often used to communicate with strangers, or when all other suffixes do not fit. Used in relation to elders, including older relatives (brothers, sisters, parents).
Han (han) - Kansai equivalent of "-san".
Xi (shi) - "Sir", is used exclusively in official documents after the surname.
Fujin (fujin) - "Lady", is used exclusively in official documents after the surname.
Kohai (kouhai) - Appeal to the younger. Especially often - at school in relation to those who are younger than the speaker.
Senpai (senpai) - Appeal to the elder. Especially often - at school in relation to those who are older than the speaker.
Dono (dono) - Rare suffix. Respectful address to an equal or superior, but slightly different in position. It is now considered obsolete and almost never occurs in communication. In ancient times, it was actively used when samurai addressed each other.
Sensei (sensei) - "Teacher". Used in relation to the actual teachers and professors, as well as to doctors and politicians.
Senshu (senshu) - "Athlete". Used in relation to famous athletes.
Zeki (zeki) - "Sumo wrestler". Used in relation to famous sumo wrestlers.
Ue (ue) - "Senior". A rare and obsolete respectful suffix used for older family members. It is not used with names - only with designations of the position in the family ("father", "mother", "brother").
Herself (sama) - highest degree respect. Appeal to gods and spirits, to spiritual authorities, a girl to her lover, servants to noble masters, etc. It roughly translates into Russian as "respected, dear, venerable."
Jin (jin) - "One of". "Saya-jin" - "one of the Sai".
Tachi (tachi) - "And friends." "Goku-tachi" - "Goku and his friends."
Gumi (gumi) - "Team, group, party." "Kenshin-gumi" - "Team Kenshin".
Personal pronouns
In addition to nominal suffixes, Japan also uses many various ways addressing each other and calling themselves with personal pronouns. The choice of a pronoun is determined by the social laws already mentioned above. The following is a list of some of these pronouns.
Group with the meaning "I"
Watashi - A polite option. Recommended for use by foreigners. Usually used by men. Infrequently used in colloquial speech, as it carries a connotation of "high style".
Atashi (Atashi) - Polite option. Recommended for use by foreigners. Usually used by women. Or gay. ^_^ Not used when communicating with high-ranking personalities.
Watakushi - A very polite female version.
Washi - Obsolete polite variant. Does not depend on gender.
Wai (Wai) - Kansai analogue of "washi".
Boku (Boku) - Familiar youth male version. It is rarely used by women; in this case, “non-femininity” is emphasized. Used in poetry.
Ore (Ore) - Not a very polite option. Purely masculine. Kind of cool. ^_^
Ore-sama (Ore-sama) - "Great I". A rare form, an extreme degree of boasting.
Daikou or Naikou (Daikou/Naikou) - An analogue of "ore-sama", but somewhat less boastful.
Sessha - Very polite form. Usually used by samurai when addressing their masters.
Hisyo (Hishou) - "Insignificant." A very polite form, now practically not used.
Gusei (Gusei) - An analogue of "hisyo", but somewhat less pejorative.
Oira (Oira) - Polite form. Commonly used by monks.
Chin - A special form that only the emperor can use.
Ware (Ware) - Polite (formal) form, translated as [I / you / he] “himself”. It is used when it is necessary to especially express the importance of "I". Let's say, in spells ("I conjure"). In modern Japanese, "I" is rarely used. It is more often used to form a return form, for example, - “forgetting about yourself” - “vare in vasurete”.
[Speaker's name or position] - Used by or with children, usually within a family. Let's say a girl named Atsuko can say "Atsuko is thirsty". Or her older brother, referring to her, can say "Brother will bring you juice." There is an element of "lisping" in this, but such an appeal is quite acceptable.
Group with the meaning "We"
Watashi-tachi - A polite option.
Ware-ware (Ware-ware) - A very polite, formal option.
Bokura - An impolite variant.
Touhou - Common variant.
Group with the meaning "You / You":
Anata (Anata) - General polite option. Also the common address of a wife to her husband ("dear").
Anta (Anta) - Less polite option. Usually used by young people. A slight hint of disrespect.
Otaku (Otaku) - Literally translated as "your home". Very polite and rare form. Due to the arrogant use of Japanese informals in relation to each other, the second meaning was fixed - “fan, crazy”.
Kimi - A polite variant, often between friends. Used in poetry.
Kijo (Kijou) - "Mistress". A very polite way of addressing a lady.
Onushi (Onushi) - "Insignificant". An obsolete form of polite speech.
Omae (Omae) - Familiar (when referring to an enemy - insulting) option. Usually used by men in relation to the socially younger (father to daughter, say).
Temae/Temee (Temae/Temee) - Offensive male version. Usually towards the enemy. Something like "bastard" or "bastard".
Onore (Onore) - Offensive variant.
Kisama - Very offensive. Translated with dots. ^_^ Oddly enough, it literally translates as "noble lord."
Japanese names
Modern Japanese names consist of two parts - the surname, which comes first, and the given name, which comes second. True, the Japanese often write their names in "European order" (first name - last name) if they write them in romaji. For convenience, the Japanese sometimes write their last name in CAPITAL letters so that it is not confused with the name (due to the above-described inconsistency).
The exception is the emperor and members of his family. They don't have a last name. Girls who marry princes also lose their last names.
Ancient names and surnames
Before the Meiji Restoration, only aristocrats (kuge) and samurai (bushi) had surnames. The rest of the population of Japan was content with personal names and nicknames.
Women of aristocratic and samurai families also usually did not have surnames, since they did not have the right to inherit. In cases where women did have surnames, they did not change them upon marriage.
Surnames were divided into two groups - the surnames of aristocrats and the surnames of samurai.
Unlike the number of samurai surnames, the number of surnames of aristocrats has practically not increased since ancient times. Many of them date back to the priestly past of the Japanese aristocracy.
The most revered and respected clans of aristocrats were: Konoe, Takashi, Kujo, Ichijo and Gojo. All of them belonged to the Fujiwara clan and had a common name - "Gosetsuke". From among the men of this kind, regents (sessho) and chancellors (kampaku) of Japan were appointed, and wives for emperors were chosen from among women.
The following in nobility were the Hirohata, Daigo, Kuga, Oimikado, Saionji, Sanjo, Imaidegawa, Tokudaiji, and Kaoin clans. From among them, the highest state dignitaries were appointed.
So, representatives of the Saionji clan served as imperial stables (meryo no gogen). Then came all the other aristocratic clans.
The hierarchy of nobility of aristocratic families began to take shape in the VI century and lasted until the end of the XI century, when power in the country passed to the samurai. Among them, the clans of Genji (Minamoto), Heike (Taira), Hojo, Ashikaga, Tokugawa, Matsudaira, Hosokawa, Shimazu, Oda enjoyed special respect. A number of their representatives at different times were the shoguns (military rulers) of Japan.
The personal names of aristocrats and high-ranking samurai were formed from two kanji (hieroglyphs) of a "noble" meaning.
The personal names of samurai servants and peasants were often given according to the "numbering" principle. The first son is Ichiro, the second is Jiro, the third is Saburo, the fourth is Shiro, the fifth is Goro, and so on. Also, in addition to "-ro", the suffixes "-emon", "-ji", "-zo", "-suke", "-be" were used for this purpose.
Upon entering the samurai during his youth, he chose a different name for himself than what he was given at birth. Sometimes samurai changed their names throughout adulthood, for example, to emphasize the onset of her new period (promotion or moving to another duty station). The lord had the right to rename his vassal. In the event of a serious illness, the name was sometimes changed to the name of the Buddha Amida in order to appeal to his mercy.
According to the rules of samurai fights, before the fight, the samurai had to give his full name so that the enemy could decide whether he was worthy of such an opponent. Of course, in life this rule was observed much less frequently than in novels and chronicles.
At the end of the names of girls from noble families, the suffix "-hime" was added. It is often translated as "princess", but in fact it was used in relation to all noble young ladies.
For the names of the wives of the samurai, the suffix "-gozen" was used. Often they were called simply by their husband's surname and rank. The personal names of married women were practically used only by their close relatives.
For the names of monks and nuns from the noble classes, the suffix "-in" was used.
Modern names and surnames
During the Meiji Restoration, all Japanese were given surnames. Naturally, most of them were associated with various signs. peasant life especially with rice and its processing. These surnames, like those of the upper class, were also usually composed of two kanji.
The most common Japanese surnames now are Suzuki, Tanaka, Yamamoto, Watanabe, Saito, Sato, Sasaki, Kudo, Takahashi, Kobayashi, Kato, Ito, Murakami, Onishi, Yamaguchi, Nakamura, Kuroki, Higa.
Men's names have changed less. They all also often depend on the “serial number” of the son in the family. The suffixes "-ichi" and "-kazu" meaning "first son" are often used, as well as the suffixes "-ji" ("second son") and "-zo" ("third son").
Names containing "shin" are generally considered unfortunate and unlucky because "shin" is Japanese for "death".
Most Japanese female names end in "-ko" ("child") or "-mi" ("beauty"). Girls, as a rule, are given names that are connected in meaning with everything beautiful, pleasant and feminine. Unlike male names, female names are usually written in hiragana instead of kanji.
Some modern girls do not like the ending "-ko" in their names and prefer to omit it. For example, a girl named "Yuriko" might refer to herself as "Yuri".
According to the law passed during the time of Emperor Meiji, after marriage, the husband and wife are required by law to take the same surname. In 98% of cases, this is the husband's surname. For several years now, an amendment to the Civil Code has been discussed in parliament, allowing spouses to leave premarital surnames. However, while she can not get the required number of votes.
After death, a Japanese person receives a new, posthumous name (kaimyo), which is written on a special wooden tablet (ihai). This tablet is considered the embodiment of the spirit of the deceased and is used in funeral rites. Kaimyo and ihai are bought from Buddhist monks - sometimes even before a person's death.
The surname in Japanese is called "myoji" (or), "uji" () or "sei" ().
Vocabulary composition of the Japanese language for a long time was divided into two types: wago - originally Japanese words and kango - borrowed from China. Names are divided into the same types, although a new type is now actively expanding - gairaigo - words borrowed from other languages, but components of this type are rarely used in names.
Modern Japanese names are divided into the following groups:
* kunny (consisting of vago)
*on (consisting of kango)
* mixed
The ratio of Kun and Onn surnames is approximately 80% to 20%.
The most common surnames in Japan are:
1. Sato
2. Suzuki
3. Takahashi
4. Tanaka
5. Watanabe
6. Ito
7. Yamamoto
8. Nakamura
9. Ohayashi
10. Kobayashi (different surnames, but spelled the same and have roughly the same distribution)
11. Kato
Many surnames, although they are read according to the on (Chinese) reading, go back to ancient Japanese words and are written phonetically, and not in meaning.
Examples of such surnames: Kubo - from Japanese. kubo - hole; Sasaki - from the ancient Japanese sasa - small; Abe - from ancient word ape - to combine, mix. If we take into account such surnames, then the number of native Japanese surnames reaches 90%.
For example, the hieroglyph (“tree”) is read in kun as ki, but in names it can also be read as ko; The hieroglyph ("up") can be read in kun as ue and kami. There are two different surnames, Uemura and Kamimura, which are spelled the same. In addition, there are falling out and merging of sounds at the junction of components, for example, in the surname Atsumi, the components are separately read as atsui and umi; and the surname (kana + nari) is often read simply as Kanari.
When combining hieroglyphs, the alternation of the endings of the first component A / E and O / A is typical - for example, kane - Kanagawa, shiro - Shiraoka. In addition, the initial syllables of the second component often become voiced, for example, Yamada (pit + ta), Miyazaki (miya + saki). Also, surnames often contain the remainder of the case indicator no or ha (in ancient times it was customary to put them between the given name and surname). Usually this indicator is not written, but read - for example, Ichinomiya (iti + miya); Enomoto (e + moto). But sometimes the case indicator is displayed in hiragana, katakana or a hieroglyph - for example, Inoue (and + but + ue); Kinoshita (ki + katakana no + sita).
The vast majority of surnames in Japanese consist of two characters, surnames of one or three characters are less common, and four-digit or more surnames are very rare.
One-component surnames are mainly of Japanese origin and are formed from nouns or medial forms of verbs. For example, Watari - from watari (jap. crossing), Khata - the word hut means "plantation, vegetable garden." Onn surnames consisting of one hieroglyph are much less common. For example, Cho (jap. Cho) - means "trillion", Ying (jap.) - "reason".
Japanese surnames consisting of two components, the majority, are called numbers in 60-70%. Of them most make up surnames from Japanese roots - it is believed that such surnames are the easiest to read, since most of them are read according to the usual kuns used in the language. Examples - Matsumoto - consists of the nouns used in the language matsu "pine" and moto "root"; Kiyomizu - consists of the basis of the adjective kiyoi - "clean" and the noun mizu - "water". Chinese two-component surnames are less numerous and usually have a single reading. Often Chinese surnames contain numbers from one to six (excluding four, since this figure is read in the same way as the “death” of C and they try not to use it). Examples: Ichijo, Saito. There are also mixed surnames, where one component is read by on, and the other by kun. Examples: Honda, khon - "base" (on reading) + ta - "rice field" (kun reading); Betsumiya, betsu - "special, different" (on reading) + miya - "temple" (kun reading). Also, a very small part of the surnames can be read both by ons and by kuns: Banzai and Sakanishi, Kunai and Miyauti.
In three-component surnames, Japanese roots are often found phonetically recorded by onami. Examples: "Kubota (probably the word kubo "hole" is written phonetically), Akutsu (probably the word aku "open" is written phonetically). However, the usual three-component surnames consisting of three kun readings are also common. Examples: Yatabe, Ōnoki. There are also three-component surnames with Chinese reading.
Four or more component surnames are very rare.
There are surnames with very unusual readings that look like puzzles. Examples: Wakairo - written in hieroglyphs "eighteen-year-old girl", but read as "young + color"; The surname denoted by the hieroglyph "one" is read as Ninomae, which can be translated as no no mae "before the deuce"; and the surname Hozue, which can be interpreted as "gathering ears" is sometimes written as "the first day of the eighth lunar month" - apparently on this day the harvest began in ancient times.
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, experts in esotericism and occultism, authors of 14 books.
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Japanese surnames
Japanese surnames
Japanese full name, as a rule, consists of a generic name (surname), followed by a personal name. Traditionally, in Japan, the surname comes first, and then the given name. This is a common practice in East and Southeast Asia, including Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai and some other cultures.
Modern Japanese often write their names in the European order (personal name, and then family name), if they write in Latin or Cyrillic.
All Japanese people have a single last name and a single given name. no patronymic, except for the Japanese imperial family, whose members do not have a surname.
The first law on Japanese names and surnames appeared at the beginning of the Meiji era - in 1870. Under this law, every Japanese was required to choose a surname for himself. Most of the surnames created at that time come from the names of the place of residence. And many Japanese surnames mean different rural landscapes.
Japanese surnames (list)
Akiyama
Asano
Asayama
Arai
Araki
Wada
Watanabe
Yoshimura
Ikeda
Imai
inoe
Isis
Ishikawa
Katsura
Kido
Kimura
Kita
Kitano
Kobayashi
Kojima
Condo
Kubo
Kubota
Kuroki
Maruyama
matida
Matsuda
Matsui
Maeda
Minami
Miura
Morimoto
Morita
Murakami
Murata
Nagai
Nakai
Nakagawa
Naqada
Nakamura
Nakano
Nakahara
Nakayama
Narazaki
Ogawa
Ozawa
Okada
Oonisi
Uno
Oyama
Sawada
Sakai
Sakamoto
Sano
Sibata
Suzuki
Taguchi
Takano
Tamura
Tanaka
Tanigawa
Takahashi
Tachibana
Takeda
Uchida
Ueda
Uematsu
Fujita
Fujii
Fujimoto
Fukushima
Hara
Hattori
Hayashi
Hirano
Honda
Hoshino
Tsubaki
Enomoto
Yamada
Yamaki
Yamanaka
Yamasaki
Yamamoto
Yamamura
Yamashita
Yamauchi
Yasuda
The most common Japanese surnames
Suzuki (Wooden bell)
Watanabe (Walk in the neighborhood)
Tanaka (Midfield)
Yamamoto (Foot of the Mountain)
Takahashi (High Bridge)
Kobayashi (Little Forest)
Murakami (Head of the village)
Nakamura (Village center)
Kuroki (Ebony)
Oonisi (Greater West)
Hashimoto (bridge)
Miura (three bays)
Takano (plain)
Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"
Our book "Name Energy"
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Our email address: [email protected]
Japanese surnames
Attention!
Sites and blogs have appeared on the Internet that are not our official sites, but use our name. Be careful. Fraudsters use our name, our email addresses for their newsletters, information from our books and our websites. Using our name, they drag people into various magical forums and deceive (giving advice and recommendations that can harm, or extorting money for magical rituals, making amulets and teaching magic).
On our sites, we do not provide links to magical forums or sites of magical healers. We do not participate in any forums. We do not give consultations by phone, we do not have time for this.
Note! We are not engaged in healing and magic, we do not make or sell talismans and amulets. We do not engage in magical and healing practices at all, we have not offered and do not offer such services.
The only direction of our work is correspondence consultations in writing, training through an esoteric club and writing books.
Sometimes people write to us that on some sites they saw information that we allegedly deceived someone - they took money for healing sessions or making amulets. We officially declare that this is slander, not true. In all our lives, we have never deceived anyone. On the pages of our site, in the materials of the club, we always write that you need to be an honest decent person. For us, an honest name is not an empty phrase.
People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The time has come when slander pays well. Now many are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to engage in slandering decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they are seriously worsening their karma, worsening their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It is pointless to talk with such people about conscience, about faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, he will never engage in deceit, slander, and fraud.
There are a lot of scammers, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor, hungry for money. The police and other regulatory agencies are not yet able to cope with the increasing influx of "Cheat for profit" insanity.
So please be careful!
Sincerely, Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
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