Belarusian people throughout its history has created many bright, original dances.
Folk holidays and rituals in Belarus have never done without songs and dances. They were a necessary part of a folk wedding, the celebration of Kupala, Kolyadok, zazhinok and dozhinok (the beginning and end of agricultural work), homelands.
In the winter months, the so-called witchcraft and music were widespread in the village life - gatherings at which girls and boys gathered and, of course, such joint gatherings could not do without dancing.
The violin and tambourine served as musical accompaniment to the dances, in some areas they were also joined by cymbals, duda and accordion. Also, dances were often accompanied by singing ditties - prypevak. The performance of ditties sometimes turned into a competition and gave the dances an even more cheerful, comic character.
For a long time, the Belarusian dance did not go beyond the village. IN high society folk art considered "masculine".
The troupe of Ignat Buinitsky, created in 1907 and successfully traveling around Belarus, visited St. Petersburg and Warsaw, played on the stage in the appearance and popularization of Belarusian folk dances.
Belarusian dances are almost all mass, paired. Only sometimes only girls or only boys dance. The most popular Belarusian folk dances"Lyavonikha", "Kryzhachok", "Yurachka", "Polka Yanka", "Charot", "Lyanok", "Bulba", "Myatselitsa", "Dudaryki".
Almost always, the dance tells a story or plays out a situation. For example, in pair dance"Gnyavash" alternately get angry, then one, then the other performer. First, a young man - he lures the girl with intricate knees, but she is angry and does not want to respond to his fawning. Offended by inattention, the guy steps aside. Then the girl changes her anger to mercy and goes to dance, but now the guy is already angry. This change of mood is repeated several times. But in the end, the boy and girl dance together. And such a well-known Belarusian dance "Lyavonikha" arose on the basis of a comic song, which was performed in the form of a dialogue between Lyavon and Lyavonikha, around which the rest of the participants sang and danced. "Lyavoniha" has another name - "Krutuha", because the dancers are spinning in pairs.
Another well-known Belarusian dance "Kryzhachok" exists in two versions. In some areas it is called Kryzhachok, from the word kryzh - a cross. It is characterized by the arrangement of the dancers in a cross and their transitions crosswise. In other areas, it is called Kruzhachok and is based mainly on movements in a circle.
There are also many dances depicting work - "Lenok", for example, represents all stages of growing and processing flax: sowing, weeding, pulling out and rubbing the stems, scutching the fiber, spinning threads, sewing a shirt; and the dance "Mlynok" displays the work windmill with its wings, millstones, the action of gears, circles. The dance is distinguished by rapid rebuilding, intricate figures, and complex transitions.
In other dances, performers depict natural phenomena, for example, "Myatselitsa" and "Rechanka" or imitate the movements of animals, birds - "Crane", "Kozachka".
Belarusian dances are always energy, dynamism, cheerfulness.
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Eastern Europe is one of the parts of our planet that is famous for its very original culture. The countries that are part of it for a long time were merged into one big state. But this did not prevent them from developing their culture independently of one another. Belarus is one of these countries.
Belarusian and songs are an integral part of the national consciousness of this country. As in many other cultures, they are closely associated with the calendar and family celebrations. These include weddings, homelands, carols and others.
Excursion into history
Belarusian folk dance has been formed together with the whole since the XIV century. And the origins of folk dances were even more ancient all-Russian rituals. Through movements, Belarusians conveyed their entire character and traits characteristic of these people. They show how they feel life and its beauty, their temperament and inspiration.
The seasons also influenced the emergence of new dances. Belarusian folk dances are correlated with the brightest celebrations of the season. This is due to the nature of the occupations of the ancient Belarusians, namely, agriculture. For example, holidays such as zazhinki and dozhinki were the reasons for the festivities in the fall. In winter, the main reasons to dance were carols, and on Maslenitsa Belarusians not only baked pancakes, but also danced with the whole village. And in the summer, the Belarusian folk dance was honored almost every day, as young boys and girls were not averse to dancing without a reason. And the main holiday of the summer was considered Kupala.
There are very few single dances in Belarus. Their main number is paired, mass dances.
Belarusians danced to any instruments that were at hand. And since these people are very talented, there were many such instruments: from the violin to the tambourine, from the cymbals to the accordion, and so on. Well, how can we do without a song? Most of all they loved to sing ditties, the so-called choruses. This gave even more mischief to the dances, and they turned into small humorous competitions.
Deserved recognition
Belarusian folk dances for many years existed exclusively in countryside. They were considered masculine and unworthy higher strata society. And only in early XIX century there is a popularization of Belarusian dances. main role Ignat Buinitsky played in this. He collects his troupe and travels with it throughout the country.
These people showed how the Belarusian folk dance can be emotional and temperamental. The popularity of this theater only grew, which gave them the opportunity to be invited to Poland and St. Petersburg and already there to represent the identity of their people.
But Buinitsky did not stop there, and in 1907 he became the founder of the Belarusian folk theater. The role of director and actor belonged to Buinitsky himself. He managed to convey all the colors of folk dance, while showing its beauty and character traits people.
Belarusian folk dances have many types. The most popular are Lyavonikha, Yanka and Kryzhachok.
Everyone's favorite dance "Lyavonikha"
As mentioned above, most of the Belarusian "Lyavonik" is no exception. The song of the same name is the basis of the dance, since it arose precisely on the basis of the dialogue that takes place between Lyavonikha and Lyavon, and the dance is conducted around them. The number of participants is not limited, as long as you find a couple. The dance is very dynamic and impetuous, but uncomplicated, which brought him popularity. Usually Belarusians put on their homespun clothes while performing it. "Krutikha" is the second name of this dance, which came from the main movement - whirling couples.
"Kryzhachok"
Such unusual name The dance received from the basic form that determines the construction of the dancers, namely from the cross and the transitions of the movements crosswise. The popularity of "Kryzhachok" is not inferior to "Lyavonikhe".
It is interesting that this dance in some parts of Belarus is called more abbreviated - "Kryzhak". In general, a wild drake is called kryzhak in this country. Therefore, in dance, people tend to imitate the movements of this bird. Another variation of the name is "Kruzhachok", and the movements here tend to be more in a circle.
"Janka-Polka"
"Yanka" is a Belarusian folk dance that borrowed the basic movements from the folk polka. It is performed in the same way as "Lyavonikha", only under a certain song, namely the Belarusian folk "Yanka". The pace of movement is moderately fast. They are performed with the inherent fervor and fun of Belarusians.
Dance is no exception, it is paired. All movements are in a circle. Couples actively tap out the rhythm and spin to the music.
Belarusian folk song, dance are important elements of the culture of this people. They complement each other and are closely intertwined.
