The meaning of the title of the play "The Cherry Orchard"
Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky in his memoirs about A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Listen, I found a wonderful title for the play. Wonderful!” he announced, looking straight at me. "What?" - I got excited. “Vimshnevy Orchard” (with an emphasis on the letter “i”) - and he rolled into a joyful laugh. I did not understand the reason for his joy and did not find anything special in the title. However, in order not to upset Anton Pavlovich, I had to pretend that his discovery made an impression on me ... Instead of explaining, Anton Pavlovich began to repeat in different ways, with all sorts of intonations and sound coloring: “Chimish garden. Look, it's a wonderful name! Cherry garden. Cherry blossoms!” Several days or a week passed after this meeting... Once, during a performance, he came into my dressing room and sat down at my table with a solemn smile. "Listen, not Vimshnevy, but The Cherry Orchard', he announced and burst into laughter. At first I didn't even understand what in question, but Anton Pavlovich continued to savor the title of the play, emphasizing gentle soundё in the word "cherry", as if trying with its help to caress the former beautiful, but now unnecessary life, which he destroyed with tears in his play. This time I understood the subtlety: The Cherry Orchard is a business, commercial, income-generating garden. Such a garden is needed now. But the "Cherry Orchard" does not bring income, it keeps in itself and in its blooming whiteness the poetry of the former aristocratic life. Such a garden grows and blooms for a whim, for the eyes of spoiled aesthetes. It is a pity to destroy it, but it is necessary, since the process economic development countries require it.
The name of A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" seems quite natural. The action takes place in an old noble estate. The house is surrounded by a large cherry orchard. Moreover, the development of the plot of the play is connected with this image - the estate is being sold for debts. However, the moment of the transfer of the estate to the new owner is preceded by a period of stupid trampling in the place of the former owners, who do not want to deal with their property in a businesslike manner, who do not even really understand why this is necessary, how to do it, despite detailed explanations Lopakhin, a successful representative of the emerging bourgeois class.
But the cherry orchard in the play has symbolic meaning. Thanks to the way the characters of the play relate to the garden, their sense of time, their perception of life is revealed. For Lyubov Ranevskaya, the garden is her past, happy childhood and the bitter memory of her drowned son, whose death she perceives as a punishment for her reckless passion. All thoughts and feelings of Ranevskaya are connected with the past. She just can't understand that she needs to change her habits, since the circumstances are now different. She is not a rich lady, a landowner, but a ruined madcap who will soon have nothing. family nest nor the cherry orchard unless she takes some decisive action.
For Lopakhin, a garden is, first of all, land, that is, an object that can be put into circulation. In other words, Lopakhin argues from the point of view of the priorities of the present time. A descendant of serfs, who has made his way into the people, argues sensibly and logically. The need to independently pave his own way in life taught this man to evaluate the practical usefulness of things: “Your estate is located only twenty miles from the city, Railway, and if the cherry orchard and the land along the river break into summer cottages and then rent it out for summer cottages, then you will have at least twenty-five thousand a year income. The sentimental arguments of Ranevskaya and Gaev about the vulgarity of dachas, that the cherry orchard is a landmark of the province, irritate Lopakhin. In fact, everything they say has no practical value in the present, does not play a role in solving a specific problem - if no action is taken, the garden will be sold, Ranevskaya and Gaev will lose all rights to their family estate, and other owners will dispose of it. Of course, Lopakhin's past is also connected with the cherry orchard. But what is the past? Here his “grandfather and father were slaves”, here he himself, “beaten, illiterate”, “ran barefoot in winter”. Not too bright memories are associated with a successful business person with a cherry orchard! Maybe that's why Lopakhin is so jubilant, having become the owner of the estate, why he talks with such joy about how he "grabs the cherry orchard with an ax"? Yes, according to the past, in which he was a nobody, he meant nothing in his own eyes and in the opinion of others, probably, any person would be happy to grab an ax just like that ...
“... I no longer like the cherry orchard,” says Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter. But for Anya, as well as for her mother, childhood memories are connected with the garden. Anya loved the cherry orchard, despite the fact that her childhood impressions are far from being as cloudless as those of Ranevskaya. Anya was eleven years old when her father died, her mother became interested in another man, and soon her little brother Grisha drowned, after which Ranevskaya went abroad. Where did Anya live at that time? Ranevskaya says she was drawn to her daughter. From the conversation between Anya and Varya, it becomes clear that Anya only at the age of seventeen went to her mother in France, from where both returned to Russia together. It can be assumed that Anya lived in her native estate, with Varya. Despite the fact that Anya's entire past is connected with the cherry orchard, she parted with him without much longing or regret. Anya's dreams are directed to the future: "We will plant new garden, more luxurious than this ... ".
But one more semantic parallel can be found in Chekhov's play: the cherry orchard is Russia. “The whole of Russia is our garden,” Petya Trofimov says optimistically. Obsolete noble life and tenacity business people- after all, these two poles of world perception are not just a special case. This is indeed a feature of Russia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. In the society of that time, many projects were hovering over how to equip the country: someone recalled the past with a sigh, someone smartly and businesslike suggested “clean up, clean up”, that is, to carry out reforms that would put Russia on a par with the leading powers peace. But, as in the story with the cherry orchard, at the turn of the era in Russia there was no real force capable of positively influencing the fate of the country. However, the old cherry orchard was already doomed... .
Thus, it can be seen that the image of the cherry orchard has quite symbolic meaning. He is one of the central images of the work. Each hero relates to the garden in his own way: for some it is reminiscent of childhood, for some it is just a place to relax, and for some it is a means to earn money.
Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" is a combination of comedy - "in some places even farce", as the author himself wrote, with gentle and subtle intrigue. The combination of these two principles allows Chekhov to ambiguously evaluate what is happening, to give a dual, tragic characterization of the heroes. Ridiculing their weaknesses and vices, the author simultaneously sympathizes with them. Among the heroes of The Cherry Orchard there is not a single purely comic character. So, the aged child Gaev in other moments of his stage life causes pity and compassion. Epikhodov is not only ridiculous with his endless failures, he is really unhappy! Everything is out of place for him, his love is rejected, his pride constantly suffers. Chekhov does not divide the characters in The Cherry Orchard into positive and negative, they are all equally unhappy, equally dissatisfied with their lives.
Chekhov sees the drama of his heroes precisely in their Everyday life, so he pays the main attention to the image of everyday life, and events are relegated to the background. The plot and composition in the play are purely external, organizing. The very event of the sale of the cherry orchard is inevitable. There is no conflict between Ranevskaya, Gaev and Lopakhin. Ranevskaya and Gaev almost voluntarily give up the cherry orchard and even feel some relief after selling it.
“Indeed, everything is fine now,” Gaev says. “Before the sale of the cherry orchard, we all worried, suffered, and then, when the issue was finally resolved, irrevocably, everyone calmed down, even cheered up.” The estate, as it were, is floating into the hands of Lopakhin. Petya Trofimov and Anya do not even try to prevent this. They see their “cherry garden” only in dreams. Thus, Chekhov depicts all events in their natural development, these events themselves do not contain conflict. The main conflict develops in the souls of the characters. It does not consist in the struggle for the cherry orchard, but in dissatisfaction with one's life, the inability to combine dream and reality. Therefore, after buying a cherry orchard, Lopakhin does not become happier, he, like the rest of the characters in the play, dreams of “our clumsy, unhappy life somehow changing” as soon as possible.
The peculiarities of the conflict led to changes in the portrayal of dramatic characters. The heroes of the play reveal themselves not in actions aimed at achieving the goal, but in experiencing the contradictions of being. Therefore, there is no intense action in the play, it is replaced by lyrical meditation. The heroes of The Cherry Orchard do not realize themselves not only in action, but also in word. Each spoken phrase has a hidden connotation. There is a so-called "undercurrent", unusual classic drama. An example of this is the following dialogue of heroes:
“Lyubov Andreevna (thoughtfully). Epikhodov is coming...
Anya (thoughtfully). Epikhodov is coming...
Gaev. The sun has set, gentlemen.
Trofimov. Yes".
In this case, words mean much less than the feeling of unsettled life, hiding behind scraps of phrases.
Thus, it is in the lyrical subtext that the complex, contradictory spiritual life of the characters is reflected. In the play "The Cherry Orchard" Chekhov creates a special lyrical atmosphere. The author does not give a sharp individual speech characteristics to the characters, rather, their speech merges into one melody. With this effect, the author creates a sense of harmony. And, despite the fact that Chekhov destroys the through action, which was the organizing principle in classical drama, his play does not lose its internal unity. It is also important that general construction plays are the mood of each character. Therefore, all the characters are internally very close to each other. On this general mood responds in the drama with some tragic sound: “...everyone sits, thinking, silence, you can only hear how Firs mutters softly, suddenly a distant sound is heard, as if from the sky, the sound of a broken string, fading and sad.” In the finale, another, even more bleak sound is added to this sound: “You can hear how far in the garden they knock on wood with an ax.”
Chekhov's innovation as a playwright lies in the fact that he departs from the principles of classical drama and reflects not only problems, but also shows the psychological experiences of the characters through dramatic means.
In general, symbolism and subtext play a huge role in Chekhov's plays. In this way, Chekhov's works are close to such a direction of art as modernism. It is the symbolism and subtext that express the author's position, "predict" the development of the plot, create a certain atmosphere. So, throughout the play, the sound of an ax is heard behind the scene, symbolizing imminent death. old Russia. In addition, the impossibility of returning the past is evidenced by the fact that at the end of the play, old man Firs is forgotten in the boarded-up house, who dies there. It is symbolic that the cherry orchard is sold at auction, under the hammer. This indicates the attitude of the author's contradictory attitude to the new time.
Clarify the author's position in last play A. P. Chekhov; to form in students a further understanding of the specifics of drama as a phenomenon of art, of the originality of the dramatic talent a. P. Chekhov; to master the concept of “symbol” at a new level for students in comparison with the concepts of “image” and “allegory”; contribute spiritual development students, the formation moral values. textbook, text of the play, illustrations for the play, literary dictionary.
Predicted results: students know the content of the play being studied; formulate the problems raised by the author in the play; give their own assessment of the characters; disclose ideological meaning plays; note genre originality Chekhov's drama; give examples; highlight in the text of the studied drama fragments containing psychological overtones. Form of conducting: lesson-conversation. DURING THE CLASSES I. Organizational stage II. Update basic knowledge Hearing multiple creative works(see the assignment of the previous lesson) Suggested answers Gaev.
Becoming an employee in a bank, he will try to change his former life, will start working. But the work will seem like a punishment to him (you need to get up early, carry out other people's assignments). He will not work for long - they will kick him out for irresponsibility. After that, Gaev realizes his helplessness, realizes that he is not capable of anything, and sells the remaining things in order to buy a ticket to Paris.
But he doesn't have enough money. He will put everything on the line in billiards: if he loses, he will get drunk, shoot himself or hang himself. If he wins, he will go to Paris, where he will meet with Ranevskaya. By this time, she will have been completely robbed, and then her lover will leave, after which she will settle in a small apartment, for which very close "friends" will pay. When meeting with her brother, she will tell how they love her, and how she loves them; then blurs into a gentle smile, and then sobs, already sincere tears, from hopelessness (after all, work is so vulgar, sorry). Gaev will look at her life, remember what happened before.
Show him the past beautiful dream but very obscure. He will think about the future, asking himself the question: “does it exist? Get drunk, shoot himself, or hang himself: “Doublet in the corner ... Croiset in the middle!
» Lopakhin. Yermolai Alekseevich will be fine. He cuts down a cherry orchard, gives the land for summer cottages and earns a fortune on it.
He will be proud that he has changed life, destroyed the past. Lopakhin will become an example of how a peasant, thanks to his industriousness and efficiency, managed to become a large landowner, began to manage his land no worse, and maybe even better than any landowner. Ermolai Alekseevich will be glad that he can destroy the past, but he will not understand what this can lead to.
He will begin to build the future in his dreams (and by that time there will be many such Lopakhins). But one day, before his death, he will have a dream about how a huge human giant will chop with an ax everything that comes to his hand until he clears the earth for the construction of the future. Then he will look and understand that there is no one to build, there is no one for anyone, and it is not known what needs to be built. The head will spin from the height, the giant-man will fall and see the roots washed with blood. III.
Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation learning activities Teacher. According to K.
S. Stanislavsky, a. Chekhov once told him that he had found a wonderful name for the play - “The Cherry Orchard”: “From this I only understood that it was about something beautiful, dearly loved: the charm of the name was conveyed not in words, but in the very intonation of Anton Pavlovich’s voice ". a few days later, the Czechs announced to Stanislavsky: "Listen, not the Cherry, but the Cherry Orchard." “Anton Pavlovich continued to savor the title of the play, emphasizing the gentle ... “ё” in the word cherry, as if trying with its help to caress the former beautiful, but now unnecessary life, which he destroyed with tears in his play.
This time I understood the subtlety: - this is a business, commercial garden that generates income. such a garden is needed now.
But the "Cherry Orchard" does not bring income, it keeps in itself and in its blooming whiteness the poetry of the former aristocratic life. such a garden grows and blooms for a whim, for the eyes of spoiled aesthetes.
It is a pity to destroy it, but it is necessary, since the process of the country's economic development requires it. The cherry orchard, which is at the same time the background of the action, and the character, and a comprehensive symbol, can be considered in three main aspects: the garden is an image and character, the garden is time and the garden is a symbolic space. Animated and spiritualized (poeticized by A.P. Chekhov and idealized by those associated with him actors) the garden, no doubt, is one of the characters in the play. It takes its place in the system of images.
IV. Work on the topic of the lesson 1. Conversation ♦ As an image cherry orchard pervades all the actions of the play? ♦ Find descriptions of the cherry orchard in the author's stage directions. What mood do they create? ♦ can we say that the cherry orchard is the central character?
Why? ♦ What is its symbolism?
♦ How are the heroes of the play connected with the image of the cherry orchard? ♦ “Ranevskaya - a garden in the past. Lopakhin - in the present. Petya Trofimov - in a wonderful future ”(Z. Paperny).
Try to explain how you understand this quote? 2. Teamwork over the concepts of "symbol" and "subtext" reference literature(Literary Dictionary) and based on previously studied material (Record in notebooks.) Questions to analytical conversation With brief comment♦ What is the relationship between the concepts of symbol - allegory? (Translating an image into an allegorical plan) ♦ What is the fundamental difference between these concepts? (The allegory's tendency to be unambiguous, the ambiguity of the symbol) ♦ Express the idea by inserting the words “symbol” and “allegory” into the sentence with gaps: “In<…
> (allegory)<…>the singular is drawn to visually show the generality, and in<…
> (symbol)<… >a clear picture illustrates some commonality ”(A.F. Losev). ♦ In this regard, remember the play a.
N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". What is the symbolism central image rendered in the title of the drama? (Thunderstorm as tyranny, as retribution, as liberation and as purification, "grace".
) ♦ Name the central image-symbol of the play a. P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" and give maximum amount his interpretations, substantiating all interpretations. 3. Teacher's word Comment. the work of students consists in proving the theses given by the teacher, in selecting appropriate examples, in making concise, schematic notes in the course of the teacher's explanation.
Chekhov's definition of the genre of a play has symbolic overtones. The word "comedy" can be understood in the Balzac sense of the word: " human comedy". Comedy is a panorama of life. The generalized symbolic subtext is embedded in the system of images: ♦ all the main classes, three generations are represented; ♦ heroes are divided into “people of phrases” and “people of deeds”, they are singled out in the system of images “victims and predators, unfortunate and happy”; ♦ all heroes can be called "stupid" in one way or another. The play has a system of symbolic oppositions (dream - reality, happiness - trouble, past - future). In the speech of heroes there are traditional symbols, words-emblems.
(Trofimov: "We are going irresistibly towards a bright star.") The author's remarks sometimes translate the action into a conditional plan. (Petya fascinates Anya with loud words filled with faith in a wonderful future: “I foresee happiness ... I already see it ...” It is not by chance that Epikhodov is mentioned in the author’s remark, who “plays the same guitar sad song". This is how the author's doubt about the validity of Petya's forebodings is manifested.
) Plot twists in play a. P. Chekhov often acquire symbolic overtones. (The finale of the play. The blame for the tragic outcome of Firs's life is laid on all the main characters of the play.
)V. Reflection. Summing up the lesson 1. summarizing conversation ♦ Define chronological framework the actions of the play. What is the peculiarity of the spatio-temporal organization of the "Cherry Orchard"? ♦ How is the theme of passing time revealed in the actions of the characters? ♦ What do you think internal conflict plays?
♦ A play is presented to you as a drama or comedy. P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard"? ♦ Who is responsible for the death of the Cherry Orchard? ♦ How does Ranevskaya's environment, proximity to other characters of the play influence the reader's attitude to the drama of Lyubov Andreevna? ♦ What makes you regret and what hopes does The Cherry Orchard a. P.
Chekhov? ♦ What are your impressions of the work of a writer, playwright, just a person?
Has anything changed in your initial perception of his work and himself? 2. Final word teachers - The end of Chekhov's life came at the beginning of a new century, new era, new moods, aspirations and ideas. such is the inexorable law of life: the one who was once young and full of strength becomes old and decrepit, giving way to a new one - young and strong life… Death and dying are followed by the birth of a new one, disappointment in life is replaced by hopes, the expectation of change. The play a.
P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" reflects just such a turning point era - the time when the old has already died, and the new has not yet been born, and now life stopped for a moment, calmed down ... Who knows, maybe this is the calm before the storm?
1. The Cherry Orchard as a scene and the basis of the plot of the play.
2. The meaning of the cherry orchard in the present, past and future of the characters in the play.
3. Comparison of the cherry orchard with Russia.
The name of A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" seems quite natural. The action takes place in an old noble estate. The house is surrounded by a large cherry orchard. Moreover, the development of the plot of the play is connected with this image - the estate is being sold for debts. However, the moment of the transfer of the estate to the new owner is preceded by a period of stupid trampling in the place of the former owners, who do not want to manage their property in a businesslike manner, who do not even really understand why this is necessary, how to do it, despite the detailed explanations of Lopakhin, a successful representative of the emerging bourgeois class.
But the cherry orchard in the play also has a symbolic meaning. Thanks to the way the characters of the play relate to the garden, their sense of time, their perception of life is revealed. For Lyubov Ranevskaya, the garden is her past, happy childhood and the bitter memory of her drowned son, whose death she perceives as a punishment for her reckless passion. All thoughts and feelings Rane-| vskoy connected with the past. She just can't understand that she needs to change her habits, since the circumstances are now different. She is not a rich lady, a landowner, but a ruined madcap who will soon have neither a family nest nor a cherry orchard if she does not take any decisive action.
For Lopakhin, a garden is, first of all, land, that is, an object that can be put into circulation. In other words, Lopakhin argues from the point of view of the priorities of the present time. A descendant of serfs, who has made his way into the people, argues sensibly and logically. The need to independently pave his own way in life taught this person to evaluate the practical usefulness of things: “Your estate is only twenty miles from the city, a railway passed nearby, and if the cherry orchard and the land along the river are divided into summer cottages and then rented out for summer cottages then you will have at least twenty-five thousand a year income. The sentimental arguments of Ranevskaya and Gaev about the vulgarity of dachas, that the cherry orchard is a landmark of the province, irritate Lopakhin. In fact, everything they say has no practical value in the present, does not play a role in solving a specific problem - if no action is taken, the garden will be sold, Ranevskaya and Gaev will lose all rights to their family estate, and dispose of in it will have other owners. Of course, Lopakhin's past is also connected with the cherry orchard. But what is the past? Here his “grandfather and father were slaves”, here he himself, “beaten, illiterate”, “ran barefoot in winter”. Not too bright memories are associated with a successful business person with a cherry orchard! Maybe that's why Lopakhin is so jubilant, having become the owner of the estate, why he talks with such joy about how he "grabs the cherry orchard with an ax"? Yes, according to the past, in which he was a nobody, he meant nothing in his own eyes and in the opinion of others, probably, any person would be happy to grab an ax just like that ...
“... I no longer like the cherry orchard,” says Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter. But for Anya, as well as for her mother, childhood memories are connected with the garden. Anya loved the cherry orchard, despite the fact that her childhood impressions are far from being as cloudless as those of Ranevskaya. Anya was eleven years old when her father died, her mother became interested in another man, and soon her little brother Grisha drowned, after which Ranevskaya went abroad. Where did Anya live at that time? Ranevskaya says she was drawn to her daughter. From the conversation between Anya and Varya, it becomes clear that Anya only at the age of seventeen went to her mother in France, from where both returned to Russia together. It can be assumed that Anya lived in her native estate, with Varya. Despite the fact that Anya's entire past is connected with the cherry orchard, she parted with him without much longing or regret. Anya's dreams are directed to the future: "We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this ...".
But one more semantic parallel can be found in Chekhov's play: the cherry orchard is Russia. “The whole of Russia is our garden,” Petya Trofimov says optimistically. The obsolete life of the nobility and the tenacity of business people - after all, these two poles of the worldview are not just a special case. This is indeed a feature of Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the society of that time, many projects were hovering over how to equip the country: someone recalled the past with a sigh, someone smartly and businesslike suggested “clean up, clean up”, that is, to carry out reforms that would put Russia on a par with the leading powers peace. But, as in the story with the cherry orchard, at the turn of the era in Russia there was no real force capable of positively influencing the fate of the country. However, the old cherry orchard was already doomed...
Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" is a moral testament of a dying writer to his descendants. It was this (as he showed in the play) that the author saw Russia. Its past, present and future. And in this image of Russian reality, one can see a deep symbolic meaning. We are presented with Russia of the past ( Ranevskaya and Gaev), present Russia (Lopakhin) and future Russia (Anya and Petya Trofimov) In this play, the author depicts the ordinary life of ordinary people. There are no bright events in it (except for the sale of the cherry orchard), and all the conversations are just are led around the fate of the garden Usual life and the usual way of life noble estate- this is a passing nature. Heroes - the nobles live more with memories of a bygone happy time, when the garden gave a huge amount of cherries, they sold it, and stored it, and cooked it. money, goofing around and messing around. But the old way of life cracks and collapses under the influence of a new life. Main character plays are a cherry orchard And this is also a symbol. A symbol of beauty, grandeur, tranquility and former greatness and prosperity And the main conflict of the work is connected with the attitude of the characters to the cherry orchard. The garden is both an allegory, and a dream, and regret ... Chekhov himself loved gardens, and planted a lot of them in his short life. For him, a garden is a whole living world. It is interesting that there is no big external conflict between the characters, He was replaced by the drama of the experiences of the characters in the play. (This is one of the writer's tricks) He wanted life to go on as it goes. We rarely arrange big conflicts and scandals in life. So it is here. The whole conflict lies in how the characters relate to the fate of the cherry orchard. And here the interests of the outgoing noble way of life and the emerging new - bourgeois way of life are implicitly arguing (conflicting). The nobles are Ranevskaya and her brother Gaev. , and Gaev, as they gossip, ate a fortune on candy. Their behavior speaks of worthlessness, frivolity and carelessness. And the words disagree with the deed. They talk about saving the garden, oh how they lived well among this beauty. But they do not accept Lopakhin’s sincere advice on the real salvation of the garden, which is so dear to them. False arrogance does not allow them to rent the garden to summer residents. It’s better to let it disappear. Money sent by grandmother to pay interest ( Anya), Ranevskaya cynically appropriates and again strives to Paris, to the person who robbed and deceived her. Another participant in the hidden conflict, Yermolai Lopakhin, failing to convince the owners of the garden who are nice and dear to him, unexpectedly buys the garden at the auction. It seemed that the conflict allowed. But Lopakhin is the temporary owner of the garden. He is kind, generous, but uncouth, poorly educated. His internal conflict (which, by the way, every hero has) is in external well-being and internal low self-esteem. Although there is an indication in the play that there are other contenders for the garden. It is Anya and Petya Trofimov (the younger generation), according to Chekhov, who are able to turn Russia into a garden (So they they say: "All Russia is our garden) But these heroes are lifeless and weak. Petya is a reasoner (he can only issue slogans) He does not serve anywhere, although he is proud and swaggering ... A symbol of meaninglessness" eternal student"serve galoshes, which he is looking for at the end of the play. They are also not needed, like him. Chekhov does not claim this. But, having honestly shown this "revolutionary", he debunks him. here you are - Petya), and scoundrels use its fruits. By the way, he is also in the play. He was guessed by the brilliant Chekhov. Thus, we can conclude that the author in the play "V.s" created symbolic picture Rossi and her representatives at the beginning of 20 century, terrible century and unfair. The playwright felt. guessed and predicted in symbolic form upcoming fateful events in the history of their homeland.
