Corruption in our state is eternal and, it seems, ineradicable. So, in " dead souls ah "N.V. Gogol is great description Chichikov's career in customs (by the way, the first edition of the first volume of Dead Souls turns 180 this year). Read, maybe you will recognize our modern officials:
... but our hero endured everything, endured strongly, patiently endured, and - finally moved to the customs service.
It must be said that this service has long been a secret subject of his thoughts. He saw what smart foreign gizmos the customs officials got excited about, what porcelain and cambric they sent to gossips, aunts and sisters. More than once, for a long time, he had already said with a sigh: “I wish I could move somewhere: the border is close, and enlightened people, and what thin Dutch shirts you can get!” It must be added that at the same time he was also thinking about a special kind of French soap, which imparted an unusual whiteness to the skin and freshness to the cheeks; what it was called, God knows, but, according to his assumptions, it was certainly on the border.
So, he would have wanted to go to customs for a long time, but the current various benefits on construction commission, and he rightly reasoned that the customs, be that as it may, was still no more than a pie in the sky, and the commission was already a tit in its hands. Now he decided to get to the customs at all costs, and got there.
He took up his service with unusual zeal. It seemed that fate itself had determined him to be a customs official. Such promptness, perspicacity and perspicacity were not only not seen, but not even heard of. In three or four weeks, he had already got his hand in customs that he knew absolutely everything: he didn’t even weigh, didn’t measure, but by the texture he found out how many arshins of cloth or other matter were in a piece; taking the bundle in his hand, he could suddenly tell how many pounds it contained.
As for the searches, here, as even the comrades themselves expressed it, he simply had a canine instinct: it was impossible not to be amazed, seeing how he had so much patience to feel every button, and all this was carried out with deadly composure, polite to incredible. And at the time when those being searched were furious, lost their temper and felt a malicious impulse to beat up his pleasant appearance with clicks, he, without changing either in face or in polite actions, would say only: “Wouldn’t you like to worry a little and get up?” Or: “Would you like, madam, to go to another room? there the wife of one of our officials will explain to you.” Or: “Let me, here I’ll cut the lining of your overcoat a little with a knife” - and, saying this, he pulled out shawls, scarves, coolly, as if from his own chest.
Even the authorities explained that it was a devil, and not a man: he looked for in wheels, drawbars, horse ears and in God knows what places, wherever it occurred to any author to climb and where only one customs officials were allowed to climb. So the poor traveler, who had crossed the frontier, still could not come to his senses for several minutes, and, wiping the sweat that had come out in a small rash all over his body, only made the sign of the cross and kept saying: “Well, well!” His position was very similar to that of a schoolboy who ran out of a secret room, where the chief called him in order to give some instruction, but instead whipped him in a completely unexpected way.
For a short time there was no life from him for smugglers. This was a thunderstorm and despair of all Polish Jews. His honesty and incorruptibility were irresistible, almost unnatural. He did not even make himself a small capital out of various confiscated goods and selected some gizmos that did not enter the treasury in order to avoid unnecessary correspondence.
Such zealous and disinterested service could not but become the subject of general astonishment and finally reach the attention of the authorities. He received a rank and a promotion, and after that he presented a project to catch all the smugglers, asking only for the means to carry it out himself. The same hour he was given a command and an unlimited right to conduct all sorts of searches. This was just what he wanted.
At that time, a strong society of smugglers was formed in a deliberately correct way; the audacious enterprise promised profits in the millions. He had long had information about him and even refused to bribe those sent, saying dryly: "It's not time yet."
Having received everything at his disposal, at that very moment he let the society know, saying: "Now is the time." The calculation was too correct. Here in one year he could receive what he would not have won in twenty years of the most zealous service. Before, he did not want to enter into any relations with them, because he was nothing more than a mere pawn, therefore, he would have received little; but now ... now it's quite another matter: he could offer any conditions.
To make things go smoothly, he persuaded another official, his comrade, who could not resist the temptation, despite the fact that his hair was gray. The terms were agreed and the society began to act. The action began brilliantly: the reader, no doubt, has heard the so often repeated story about the witty journey of Spanish rams, who, having crossed the border in double sheepskin coats, carried a million Brabant laces under their sheepskin coats. This incident happened exactly when Chichikov served at the customs. If he himself had not participated in this enterprise, no Jews in the world would have been able to carry out such a deed.
After three or four sheep's marches across the border, both officials ended up with four hundred thousand capital each. Chichikov's, they say, even exceeded five hundred, because he was a bit happier. God knows to what a huge figure the blessed sums would not have increased, if some difficult beast had not run across everything ...
Composition
Subject: Biography, study, service and career of Chichikov ( Dead Souls)
Biography Chichikov By origin, Chichikov is a nobleman: "... The origin of our hero is dark and modest. Parents were nobles, but pillar or personal - God knows ..." His father is a sick and poor man. We don’t know anything about the mother: “... father, a sick man [...] who sighed incessantly, walking around the room, and spitting into the sandbox standing in the corner ...” Father and little Pavlusha live in a simple peasant hut: “. .. A small stove with small windows that do not open either in winter or in summer ... "
Chichikov's study Chichikov goes with his father to the city to study at the city school. He settles with some old relative: "...He was supposed to stay here and go to the classes of the city school every day..." Father leaves back to the village, and Chichikov never sees him again: "... father son and dragged himself home again on his forty, and since then he has never seen him again ... "At the school, Chichikov is a diligent and diligent student. He has no special talents. But on the other hand, he is a practical and patient child: "... He did not have any special abilities for any science; he distinguished himself more by diligence and neatness ..." While still at the school, Chichikov begins to earn money: "... he blinded from wax bullfinch, dyed it and sold it very profitably..." "...finally got the mouse to stand on its hind legs, lie down and get up on orders, and then sold it also very profitably..." Chichikov is in good standing at the school. He behaves appropriately and diligently. He graduated from college as an exemplary student: "During his stay at the school, he was in excellent standing and upon graduation he received a full honor in all sciences, a certificate and a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and trustworthy behavior." At this time, Chichikov's father dies. He sells the house and land. For them, he receives 1000 rubles - his initial capital: "... At that time his father died [...] Chichikov immediately sold a dilapidated courtyard with an insignificant piece of land for a thousand rubles ..."
Service and career of Chichikov: Chichikov is a real careerist, purposeful and stubborn. Chichikov does not create a family and does not have children. First, Chichikov wants to provide "offspring" with a decent future. See also: "Chichikov's service" Chichikov's career always goes easily and simply. He works hard and tries hard. There are ups and downs in Chichikov's service. During his life he manages to work in different places- and even in different cities. In general, Chichikov begins his service with a simple position in the state chamber: "... with great difficulty he decided to go to the state chamber ..." Then Chichikov gets a place in a more profitable place. Here he earns capital on bribes. But a new boss comes and reveals the theft. So Chichikov loses everything that he has acquired dishonestly: "... everything was fluffed up, and Chichikov is more than others ..." After that, Chichikov serves in another city in some miserable positions. Finally, he gets a job at customs: "... he finally moved to the customs service ..." At the customs, Chichikov receives a promotion, as well as the rank of collegiate adviser: "... He received a rank and a promotion ..." Having become the head , Chichikov colludes in criminal gang smugglers. Chichikov earns hundreds of thousands of rubles from this "unclean" business. But the matter is revealed. Chichikov loses his place and the money he has earned: "... The officials were taken to court, confiscated, they described everything that they had ..." So Chichikov is again left with nothing. He is left with about 10 thousand rubles, a chaise and two serfs - Selifan and Petrushka. Chichikov starts his career again from scratch. He works as an attorney (self-taught lawyer) for the most different cases. Here it comes to his mind to buy himself dead serfs in order to get rich.
Literature lesson in grade 9
N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls"
Related lesson: « Chichikov and Chichikovism.
Kalinina Irina Borisovna
teacher of Russian language and literature, MOBU "Secondary School No. 54", Orenburg
The purpose of this lesson is to create conditions for understanding the main character traits of Chichikov as a socio-psychological generalization, as well as the timeless essence of "chichikovism".
Equipment: multimedia projector; computer, the local network, Internet.
During the classes.
Checking room: "Who is this hero?" (presentation).
Each slide is an illustration of one of the heroes and is accompanied by a reading of the description of this hero. The task of the students is to find out what kind of hero he is.
Subject today's lesson: "Chichikov and" Chichikovshchina ". You and I have to find out who he is, Chichikov, and what is the meaning of the concept of “chichikovism”.
Analysis of the image of Chichikov.
Let's summarize everything we've learned about this hero.
? How does the hero resemble those with whom he does business to buy peasants?
Chichikov can be more delicate than Manilov, he can save more stubbornly than Korobochka, he can live on a grand scale no worse than Nozdryov, he is tight-fisted and businesslike, like Sobakevich, in thrift he will not yield to Plyushkin.
? Are there traits in Chichikov's character that distinguish him from the rest?
Let's try to draw the image of Chichikov,Let's try to answer this question:“Who is he? So you're a scoundrel?" ( A schematic representation of a person is used, which, as the biography of Chichikov is discussed, is surrounded on all sides by words denoting character traits. All this is reflected in the presentation).
Group work .
Let's break into groups and for 3-4 minutes discuss, using the material you collected at home in the form of a double diary, what features appear in Chichikov's character throughout his life:
Group 1 - childhood;
Group 2 - service in the Treasury;
group 3 - construction commission and customs;
4 group - new way enrichment;
Group 5 - search for the definition of "chichikovshchina" on the Internet.
5. Chichikov's childhood. Teaching at the school. (Group 1).
What does Gogol say about the origin and
Chichikov's childhood?
What advice did he get from his father when he entered the school?How did he use it?
How were his school years?
(He is a bad comrade, does everything for profit, pleases teachers,
the episode with the teacher testifies to Chichikov's mental meanness.
INstepping into life, Chichikov set himself the goal ofenrichment,penny worship).
Conclusion: Already in childhood and adolescence, Chichikov developed such qualities of character as:the ability to achieve a goal at any cost, a manner to please, to find a benefit for oneself in everything, mental meanness, etc. .
Central to Chichikov's biography is the description of his service career.(Group 2) Service in the Treasury.
How did Chichikov's service career begin?
What means does he choose to make a career?
(Chichikov's official activity began with the Treasury, where he settled immediately after graduating from college. The "circumvention" of the assistant was the first and most difficult obstacle he managed to overcome. As in the story with the old teacher, when Chichikov refused to help him, it convinced him that success in life can be achieved the sooner and easier, the sooner a person is freed from the principles of morality, honor, decency that fetter him, that these principles hinder and harm those who have firmly decided to win their place under the sun.)
Conclusion: we see that the same qualities that were mentioned above were not only not lost, but also developed.
7. Participation in the construction commission. Customs service.
Where did Chichikov go from the Treasury?
What did you achieve in the new place?
Why did he have to leave the commission for the construction of a government building?
How did his career develop as a customs official?
Why did it end in failure?
(The next stage in Chichikov's service career was participation in the commission for the construction of a government building. It brought him solid acquisitions that significantly exceeded the income that he had, occupying a "bread place" in the state chamber. But unexpectedly, a new boss was appointed to the commission, declaring decisive war on bribery and embezzlement. Chichikov had to look for a new place. The catastrophe that broke out over him almost to the ground the fruits of his "labor", but did not force him to retreat).
Arriving at the customs, as before, Chichikov begins here by ingratiating himself with the trust of his superiors, showing extraordinary “quickness, insight and insight. For a short time there was no life from him for smugglers. Having thus lulled the vigilance of those around him, having even received a new rank, he again proceeds to fraudulent operations, and they bring him a half-million fortune. However, fate prepared a new blow: Chichikov quarreled with his accomplice, and he wrote a denunciation against him. And again he had to lose everything.
Conclusion: stages of Chichikov's service career is the story of his ups and downs, but for all that, it reveals such traits of his character asenergy, efficiency, enterprise, indefatigability and perseverance, prudence, cunning. (slide with a person)
8. The invention of a new method of enrichment.
How did he get the idea of acquiring "dead souls"?
What character traits make it possible to win over officials and landowners?
(In search of new profits, being an insignificant attorney, he discovered the possibility of profitable deals with " dead souls”, when he was busy pawning the estate of a ruined landowner to the treasury.)
Conclusion: "Here is our hero's face, what he is!"striving for enrichment dishonesty in relations with people, enterprise, perseverance, ability to please insensitivity, , immorality, prudence, cunning, tirelessness, determination - these are the features that shape the character of Chichikov. ( Final slide with a person)
9. The concept of "chichikovism".
Let's turn to our experts and ask them to give us the definition of "chichikovism" that they found using the resources of the Internet. NO!
Have you come across the use of this word in printed articles? YES. Read the snippets.
What do we mean when we talk about "chichikovism"?
Let's define this term ourselves.
Chichikovshchina - the desire for enrichment, behind which decency, compassion, warmth are forgotten, and prudence, cunning, unscrupulousness, satisfaction of selfish interests by any means, covered by the most decent arguments and explanations, come to the fore.
10. Chichikov region today
Do you think there is a place for Chichikovism in our life? (Chichikovism is also characteristic of modern society, The Chichikovs are prospering today, and the fault of everything is an acquisition).
Homework: Some critics, Gogol's contemporaries, reproached him for laughing at the Russian people in the poem. Prove the injustice of this reproach, give examples from the text.
"Dismissal from military service"- Important: Administration of Baikonur. The following categories have the right to receive social benefits: Citizens subject to resettlement from the Baikonur complex. Citizens who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the period 1986-1987. federal executive authorities Russian Federation.
"Military service"- About the call for an alternative civil service. Chairman of the relevant education management body. Special duties. Citizens are exempt from conscription for military service: Arrest with detention in a guardhouse for up to 10 days. On exemption from conscription for military service. Deputy Head local government- chairman of the committee.
"Internet Services"- FTP service. The network service defines the data format. Examples: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]. A list of popular irc servers can be found on the Internet. website. Web service. Programs: ProShare (Intel); NetMeeting (Microsoft). Email. Web site example. Internet services.
"Psychological Service"- There are 64 PPMS Centers in Moscow: Basic and specialized packages of psychological services. Two-tier delivery system psychological help. Creation of mechanisms for the examination of psychological tools and updating the registry. The variety of models complicates the coordination and forecasting activities.
"Exhibits of the Armory"- Decorated with gold, turquoise and gems. The Armory is located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, at the Borovitsky Gate. Ancient manuscripts are richly represented liturgical books. A bit of history. Our tour has come to an end. The throne was brought by the Persian ambassador to Tsar Boris Godunov. Are there similar museums in your country?
"Legal foundations of military service"- The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Hostage taking. Legal basis military service. Hague conventions. Department of military-patriotic and civic education CDT "Shield". The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes that the defense of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
