And van Aivazovsky entered the history of art as great marine painter- the master of the image of the sea. But he also had paintings in other genres: some were written in those years when he was just looking for himself, others were the fun of an already recognized master. Let's take a look at the canvases in which Aivazovsky is hardly recognizable.
Aul Gunib in Dagestan. East side view
Aul Gunib in Dagestan. View from the east side. 1869. Timing
Aivazovsky undertook a journey to the Caucasus and Transcaucasia in 1868. This painting depicts the village of Gunib - the last headquarters of Imam Shamil, where he was hardly captured in 1859. So this canvas is not just Mountain landscape, but also praise for Russian weapons, as was often the case with Aivazovsky.
Athens Acropolis
Athens Acropolis. 1883. Kyiv National Museum Russian art
In 1882, Aivazovsky married a second time - to the widow of a Feodosia merchant, Anna Nikitichna Sarkizova. Together with her, he goes to Greece, which only in 1832 gained independence from Turkey. The artist looks at the hill of the Acropolis from below, through the columns of the temple of Olympian Zeus: the Parthenon is no longer a mosque, and the minaret next to it has been demolished.
Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid at Giza. 1878. Private collection
Aivazovsky came to Egypt in 1869 - he was invited to Grand opening Suez Canal. He also visited Cairo and traveled along the Nile. It was one of many long-distance travel artist - not without reason, back in 1853, he was elected a full member of the Russian geographical society.
Windmill by the sea
Windmill on the seashore. 1837. Timing
The year of painting the canvas was a turning point for the artist: shortly before that, his teacher complained about a 19-year-old student, and Aivazovsky's paintings were removed from the exhibition by order of Nicholas I. However, Karl Bryullov and others began to bother for the young man, the disgrace was removed, the emperor looked at his paintings, granted him money and sent him to accompany his son Konstantin on a voyage across the Baltic.
View of the Grand Cascade and the Grand Peterhof Palace
View of the Grand Cascade and the Grand Peterhof Palace. 1837. GMZ "Peterhof"
The young Aivazovsky showed such success in his studies that the period of his studies was reduced by two years, and already in 1837 he was released with a gold medal. His paintings began to be popular (for example, the emperor bought six works for three thousand rubles), he also received special orders - including views of coastal cities: Peterhof, Reval, etc. Aivazovsky began to send more and more more money impoverished parents to Feodosia, which he was very proud of.
View of Moscow from Sparrow Hills
View of Moscow from the Sparrow Hills. 1848. Timing
The place from where the peasants look at the Golden-domed is not only the best viewpoint of Moscow. For the people of that time, it was a memory of the recent scandal: in 1817, the first Cathedral of Christ the Savior was laid here. A million rubles have sunk into the void. The eight-year lawsuit ended in 1835, the construction director, architect Vitberg, was exiled to Vyatka. The current temple on Volkhonka was founded in 1837 and was still under construction in the year the picture was painted.
During the harvest in Ukraine
During the harvest in Ukraine. 1883. Feodosia Art Gallery them. Aivazovsky
The Crimean native Aivazovsky has a whole series of Little Russian landscapes - almost all of them are steppe. Obviously, his “marine” soul was inspired by the infinity of spaces, grasses swaying in the wind, and heavenly expanses. Chumatsky carts drawn by oxen, and distant mills are like ships and rocks in him, and therefore Ukrainian paintings Aivazovsky's works turn out to be romantic, not realistic genre.
Eastern scene (In the boat)
Eastern scene (In the boat). 1846. GMZ Peterhof
In the landscapes of Aivazovsky, people can be found infrequently. But with Shishkin, who invited assistants to write people and even bears, he cannot be compared in this matter: Aivazovsky knew how to write human figures. Proof - for example, this picture in a fashionable oriental style, which reflects the impressions of a visit to Istanbul and other eastern cities.
Dante points the artist to unusual clouds
Dante points the artist to unusual clouds. 1883.
Feodosia Art Gallery. Aivazovsky
The plot chosen by Aivazovsky is enigmatic. Perhaps they are referring to Dante's lines in " Divine Comedy":" The color with which the sunrise / Or the hour of sunset embraces the clouds.
Ca d'Ordo palace in Venice by moonlight
Palace Ca d "Ordo in Venice by moonlight. 1878. GRM
Aivazovsky visited Venice several times. Moreover, in this city, in the academy of the Mekhitarist order on the island of San Lazar, lived his brother, Archbishop of the Armenian Church Gabriel (Gabriel), who already as a child showed such learning abilities that after the parochial school he was sent to study theology in Venice. Later he became famous as a theologian and writer (in particular, he translated Krylov's fables into Armenian).
Sheep
Sheep. 1858. Omsk regional museum fine arts them. Vrubel
A peaceful landscape with grazing sheep was created a few years after the much more dramatic depiction of the same nature in the painting Sheep Driven by a Storm into the Sea. Aivazovsky himself came to Paris in the year of the painting, where his brother Gabriel was preparing to take the rank of bishop, and the artist used all his extensive connections and acquaintances to help him.
Petersburg. Crossing the Neva
Petersburg. Crossing the Neva. 1870s Kyiv National Museum of Russian Art
Looking at the paintings of Aivazovsky depicting St. Petersburg, you usually remember that Peter I founded this city exactly as sea port. The artist liked its fortifications, bays, embankments. But not when looking at this canvas, cold and unfriendly. Aivazovsky divorced his first wife, they say, just because of his dislike for Petersburg and secular life: she wanted to live in the capital and rotate in society, and he preferred the Crimea and work.
- the great Russian marine painter. For my creative life wrote a huge number of amazing paintings, which today are considered a real asset of Russian and world art. Here you can see five paintings that can be called the most famous, but it is worth adding here that in fact there are many, many more famous paintings by Aivazovsky. Dozens of paintings by this master are known not only to art historians and connoisseurs of painting, but even to those people who are not fond of art, and this is not surprising, since Aivazovsky's work cannot leave anyone indifferent.
The most famous and famous paintings by Aivazovsky
Ninth Wave
The Ninth Wave is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear the name of this artist. Indeed, the painting "The Ninth Wave", which is currently in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, without any doubt, is considered the most famous painting artist. The ninth wave is a riot of elements, a tragedy of people who survived the shipwreck and are now trying to escape on the wreckage of their ship.
Chesme battle
Painting " Chesme battle» is also very famous work Ivan Aivazovsky. This picture shows one of the most heroic battles in history in all colors. Russian fleet. In an irreconcilable battle, Russian and Turkish ships met, which turned the sea into a battlefield and fire. The Chesme battle took place on June 26, 1770.
Among the waves
The painting “Among the Waves” is maritime poetry, incredible in its richness. The song of the sea was reflected in the raging waves. Inexpressible power and beauty sea waves has a strong effect on any viewer, who literally begins to feel all the splendor of the sea element with his skin.
Battle of Navarino
In his painting “Battle of Navarino”, Aivazovsky conveyed his impression of the battle, in which the English, French and Russian fleets took part against the Turkish-Egyptian. At the center of the story Russian ship"Azov".
Rainbow
In the painting "Rainbow" Aivazovsky depicted a powerful storm. In the background is a ship that has tilted under the violence of the elements and is about to go to the bottom. In the foreground, people are fleeing in a boat, which is thrown by waves like a piece of wood. It seems that no one can survive in this element, but the artist gives hope to the viewer by depicting a rainbow in the foreground as a symbol of salvation and the imminent retreat of the storm.
The Black Sea is the constant and most frequent object of the image of Ivan Aivazovsky. A native of Feodosia, the great marine painter knew his native shores almost by heart, which is why the waters of the Black Sea are so diverse in his work. "Black Sea" - Aivazovsky's painting, which attracts with its simplicity and inner strength. It depicts nothing but the sea, and that is what makes it thin and beautiful.
Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky
The real name of the recognized master of the seascape is Hovhannes Ayvazyan, he comes from the family of an impoverished Armenian merchant. Due to the heavy financial position young Aivazovsky could not afford a decent education in the art of drawing and painting until he attracted the attention of the chief architect Feodosia with his natural talent.
After initial help from his benefactor, Aivazovsky managed to quickly achieve recognition and popularity. Big role in achieving the status of an academician of arts, his unique manner of depicting water in general and seascapes in particular.
The painter's talent was not limited to images of the sea, as evidenced by his numerous portraits, rare genre compositions and religious themes. However, Aivazovsky's only and inextinguishable passion was the sea.
The Black Sea in the work of Aivazovsky
Despite the fact that "The Black Sea" (Aivazovsky's painting, painted in 1881) is the only canvas with this name, the great marine painter often depicted the waters of the Black Sea on his canvases. The artist was born in Feodosia and lived there most own life. Aivazovsky believed that it was impossible to draw water from nature, since it is the most fickle and changeable of the elements. However, the shores and waves of his native Black Sea were so familiar to him that he could depict their various states from memory.
Among the huge artistic heritage author the largest number paintings is dedicated to the Black Sea, which was a constant theme of the artist. Aivazovsky depicted the Black Sea in all its guises - in calm and in a storm, day and night, in the rays of the morning sun or in the fire of sunset. The work of the great marine painter leaves no doubt about his love and affection for his native shores.
Description of the painting by Aivazovsky “Black Sea”
Despite the frequent depiction of native shores, in creative heritage Aivazovsky, there is only one painting, which is simply called "The Black Sea". This canvas was created by the artist in 1881 and offers viewers a view of the endless sea space, frozen on the canvas just before the start of the storm. The second name of the picture is "A storm begins to play out on the Black Sea."
"Black Sea" - Aivazovsky's painting, characterized by the simplicity of the plot and practically perfect proportions compositions. The canvas depicts a darkened sea with frequent, restless, but not yet high waves, decorated with small foam crests. Such waves, penetrated by rays of light and as if glowing from within, were called by the artist's contemporaries "Aivazovsky's waves".
The horizon line divides the picture almost perfectly into two equal parts - a stormy sea below, a darkened sky above, and between them a thin strip of land and a lone sail striving towards it barely peep through a veil of fog.
Painting analysis
"The Black Sea" - Aivazovsky's painting, which attracts the eye with a relaxed harmony and unusually realistic color palette. In addition to the fact that the picture is compositionally divided in half into the sea and the sky, the elements of these two parts seem to be reflected in each other.
The dark clouds on the right merge and form an equilateral wedge with the dark waves of the raging sea. The play of light and shadow in the picture creates a lively composition, the dynamism of which is emphasized by the horizon line slightly tilted to the left.
The symmetry of the forms in the picture is the opposite of the asymmetry in the application of colors: while the sky is replete with a rich palette of shades, including purple, blue, azure, gray and ivory, the sea stretching under the sky cannot boast of such chromatic diversity. The sea in Aivazovsky's painting "The Black Sea" is made in blue-green, muted colors. The painting "Black Sea" (Aivazovsky masterfully depicted the state of the water element) should conquer not with an abundance of details and a riot of colors, but with realism, natural beauty and the strength of the raging sea.
The Black Sea on other canvases by Aivazovsky
The Black Sea was eternal theme Aivazovsky and never for a long time left the canvases on which the great marine painter worked. The artist's works glorify the beauty, variability and natural power of the water element, so it is not surprising that the Black Sea close to Aivazovsky is shown in his paintings in all its diversity and inconstancy.
The calm and serene Black Sea can be seen in the paintings “Entrance to the Sevastopol Bay” and “Gurzuf”, and its waters, pierced by the rays of the setting sun, are captured on the canvases “View of the sea from the mountains of Crimea” and “Sunset near the Crimean coast”. The description of Aivazovsky’s painting “Storm on the Black Sea” is complicated by the fact that there are three paintings with this name in the marine painter’s heritage.
Aivazovsky depicted the Black Sea in the first rays rising sun(“Sunrise in Feodosia”) and in a stormy wind (“View of Odessa from the sea”). In the artist’s paintings, they are swallowed up by fog (“ Foggy morning”) or illuminated by the bright moon (“Feodosia. Moonlit night”). Each image of the Black Sea suggests that the marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky carefully kept it in his memory all his life and even in Italy did not stop painting views of his native shores.
Born in Feodosia on July 29, 1817, the great Russian painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky occupies a very significant place in the world of art as a magnificent marine painter and romantic. It is not surprising that the artist painted mainly seascapes, because there he spent best years own life. great views Crimean nature inspired him to new creations. The artist's favorite subjects are sky, sea and storms, he also liked to write on biblical themes.
For the artist's birthday life guide offers a look at the most interesting, in our opinion, paintings of the master:
The Ninth Wave (1850), oil
In world art, the “ninth wave” means an irresistible force, since it is believed that it is the ninth wave that is the most dangerous. This picture shows the helplessness of man in front of the elements. The riot of colors perfectly conveys the ruthlessness and power of marine nature, which takes sailors by surprise. And the rays of the rising sun seem to give them hope for a better end.
Sinking Ship (1854), pencil
Pay attention to the only color detail in this monochrome painting - the flag, which symbolizes a tiny hope for a possible salvation. The picture creates the effect of presence, when it seems that splashes of an angry and merciless storm are flying at you.
Sea, Koktebel (1853), oil
The thread intertwining warm colors creates an atmosphere of calm, while maintaining the character of the once raging sea. How contradictory is the beauty of sea nature! The barely hidden sun still illuminates the waves and the sky with the golden evening dawn.
Wave (1889), oil
This grandiose work, made by the artist at the end of his years, makes us understand that the inexorable sea is taking its toll and there is no longer any hope for salvation.
Sailboat off the coast of Crimea moonlit night(1858), oil
In this picture, the sea and sky are unusually calm. Here, nature and people no longer compete with each other, but on the contrary, become one.
Italian landscape. Evening (1857)
The picturesque Italian coast, soft shades, lightness and serenity - this picture evokes only romantic feelings.
Chaos. The Creation of the World (1841), oil
A picture that shows the moment when, according to biblical history, all life on earth is created - water, the first rays of the sun. The picture is so realistic that the elements seem quite real, you can feel the air and water. Symbiosis of dark and light colors symbolize the power of the elements, eternal struggle darkness and light, good and evil. The silhouette in the sky personifies the Creator, who makes it clear that soon everything will calm down and peace and silence will reign on earth.
Georgievsky Monastery. Cape Fiolent (1846), oil
One of the most beautiful places Crimea - Cape Fiolent is depicted on this canvas. The artist built the composition in such a way that if you look at the picture from different angles, lunar path will move. St. George's Monastery was founded in 891, from 1475 to 1794 was under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Then the monastery came under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church. St. George's Monastery trained chaplains for the Black Sea Fleet. It was visited by almost all Russian tsars. And in 1820 A. S. Pushkin visited here.
This picture captures the event that glorified the Russian fleet - the Battle of Navarino. Here Aivazovsky describes the main episode of the battle - the battle battleship under the leadership of Captain M.P. Lazarev "Azov" with the main Turkish ship.
Walking on the waters. (1888), oil
Here is the biblical moment when Peter doubted Christ:
Gospel of Matthew, chapter 14, verses 25-33
“In the fourth watch of the night, Jesus went to them, walking on the sea.
And the disciples, seeing Him walking on the sea, were troubled, and said, This is a ghost; and cried out in fear.
But immediately Jesus spoke to them and said, Take heart; It's me, don't be afraid.
Peter answered Him, “Lord! if it is you, command me to come to you on the water.
He said: go. And getting out of the boat, Peter walked on the water to come to Jesus, but seeing strong wind, got frightened and, starting to drown, shouted: Lord! save me.
Jesus immediately stretched out his hand, supported him and said to him: You of little faith! why did you doubt?
And when they entered the boat, the wind died down.
Those who were in the boat approached, bowed to Him and said: Truly You are the Son of God.
Later, a picture was painted on the same subject, you can compare them:
Walking on the waters. (1890s), oil
Towers on a rock near the Bosphorus (1859), oil
Wonderful nature is described on this canvas. Although the waves are present, the sea remains calm. The hot sun on the horizon, one of the artist's favorite techniques, makes the water emerald and sparkling, and the stones on the shore - warm and bright.
Black Sea (1881), oil
The second title of this painting is A storm is beginning to break out on the Black Sea". It depicts a rather cloudy day - waves are approaching, the sea is worried, somewhere in the distance you can barely see the tiny silhouette of a ship.
AND . Kramskoy once said about the painting “The Black Sea” that “there is nothing on it except the sky and water, but water is an infinite ocean, not stormy, but swaying, severe, endless, and the sky, if possible, even more endless. This is one of the grandest paintings I know of."
