Oh, Sultan and head of all the genies, - the old man began, - Know that this mule was my wife. I went on a trip and was away whole year, and then I finished the trip and returned at night to my wife. And I saw a black slave lying in bed with her, and they were talking and playing and laughing and kissing and fussing. And seeing me, my wife hurriedly got up with a jug of water, said something over it and splashed on me and said: "Change your image and take the image of a dog!" And immediately I became a dog, and my wife drove me out of the house; and I went out of the gate and walked until I came to the butcher's shop. And I went up and began to eat the bones, and when the owner of the shop noticed me, he took me and led me into his house. And seeing me, the butcher's daughter covered her face from me and exclaimed: "You bring a man and enter with him to us!" - "Where is the man?" her father asked. And she said, "This dog is a man who has been bewitched by his wife, and I can set him free." And, hearing the words of the girl, her father exclaimed: "I conjure you by Allah, my daughter, free him." And she took a pitcher of water, and said something over it, and sprinkled it lightly on me, and said, "Change this image to your former form!" And I assumed my original form and kissed the girl's hand and said to her, "I want you to enchant my wife as she enchanted me." And the girl gave me some water and said, "When you see your wife sleeping, sprinkle this water on her and say what you want, and she will become whatever you want." And I took water and went in to my wife, and finding her sleeping, I sprinkled water on her and said: "Leave this image and take the form of a mule!" And she immediately became a mule, the same one that you see with your own eyes, O sultan and head of the jinn.
And the genie asked the mule, "Really?" And the mule shook its head and spoke in signs that meant: "Yes, by Allah, this is my story and what happened to me!"
And when the third elder finished his story, the genie trembled with delight and gave him a third of the merchant's blood..."
But then dawn caught up with Scheherazade, and she stopped her permitted speeches.
And her sister said: "O sister, how sweet is your story, and good, and sweet, and tender."
And Scheherazade answered: "Where does it matter what I will tell you about the next night, if I live and the king leaves me."
“By Allah,” the king exclaimed, “I will not kill her until I have heard her whole story, for she is amazing!”
And then they spent that night embracing until morning, and the king went to judge, and the troops and the vizier came, and the sofa was filled with people. And the king judged, appointed, set aside, and forbade, and ordered until the end of the day.
And then the sofa parted, and King Shahriyar retired to his chambers. And as night approached, he satisfied his need with the vizier's daughter.
third night
And when the third night came, her sister Dunyazada said to her: "O sister, finish your story."
And Scheherazade answered: “With love and desire! It came to me, O happy king, that the third elder told the genie a story more outlandish than the other two, and the genie was utterly amazed and trembled with delight and said: “I give you the remnant of the merchant’s offense and let him go "And the merchant turned to the elders and thanked them, and they congratulated him on his salvation, and each of them returned to his country. But this is not more surprising than the tale of the fisherman."
"And how was it?" the king asked.
Notes
10. The word "sofa" is used here in the meaning of "assembly" (of the Sultan's courtiers); sometimes the word designates the place where such gatherings take place.
Once upon a time there was a king, his name was Shahriyar. Once it happened that his wife cheated on him ... And that's when the sad longest more than 1000 and one night began.
Shahriyar became so angry that he began to take out all his anger on the others. Every night they brought him new wife. Innocent, young. After spending the night with the beauty, the king executed her. Years passed. And, probably, the Persian kingdom would have been left without, but there was a brave maiden who decided to be Shahriyar's next wife.
Scheherazade, according to legend, was not only beautiful and smart, but also very educated, because she came from the family of one of Shahriyar's viziers.
The trick that gave birth to love
Scheherazade decided to outwit the bloodthirsty king. At night, instead of love pleasures, she began to tell the lord a fairy tale, and in the morning the fairy tale ended on its own. interesting moment.
Shahriyar was impatient for the continuation of the most curious, so he did not execute Scheherazade, but left her life to hear the continuation. The next night, Scheherazade appeared even more beautiful, she slowly began to tell the king the continuation of the story, but by morning this one also broke off at the very interesting place.
The vizier's family, which at any moment could lose their beautiful daughter, was horrified, but the wise maiden assured that nothing would happen to her for 1000 and one night. Why quantity? 1000 and one coin was worth the life of a slave woman in the slave market in those days, the wise Scheherazade estimated her life in the same number of nights.
Is there a lie in the story?
Scheherazade told the ruler the most different fairy tales, some of which were so plausible that Shahriyar easily recognized in the heroes his own courtiers, himself and merchants from the medina, where he simply had to go, intrigued beauties.
Scheherazade's stories were so interesting and unusual, so fantastic and fascinating that the king listened to her for a whole thousand and one nights! Imagine, for almost two years, the wife told Shakhriyar fairy tales at night.
So how did it all end? Do you think one day she told an uninteresting story, and the king executed her? By no means! For many months of meetings with the beauty, the king sincerely fell in love with her, moreover, instructive cautionary tales The Scheherazades made it clear to the sovereign that it was impossible to kill innocent girls just because his wife was unfaithful to him, because the rest were not to blame.
The tales of Scheherazade were stories where there was a meaning, where it was said about good and evil, about what is true and what is false. Maybe Shahriyar's anger would have lived in him if he had not met Scheherazade, who, with her wisdom, beauty and patience, gave the ruler a new
"Thousand and One Nights"
"Thousand and One Nights"
Monument of medieval Arabic literature. Goes back to Arabic translation collection "A Thousand Tales", written in the 9th century. in Middle Persian, which, in turn, goes back to the Indian originals. Plot basis"A Thousand and One Nights" is a fairy tale about the ruler Shahriyar and the wise daughter of his vizier named Sheherazade (Shehrazad). Doomed to execution, she tells the sultan a fairy tale, but does not finish it, and the sultan, carried away by the plot, postpones the execution. And so it goes for 1001 nights. Fairy tales are varied and fascinating, they arose in different time and on different grounds, incorporating the motives of Indian, Iranian and Arabic folklore.
Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .
See what "A Thousand and One Nights" is in other dictionaries:
A Thousand and One Nights: A Thousand and One Nights is a monument to medieval Arabic literature, a collection of stories. A Thousand and One Nights (film, 1905) silent short film fairy tale by Georges Méliès, 1905. Senya Ichiya Monogatari ("Tales 1001 ... ... Wikipedia
- "A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS" a collection of fairy tales in Arabic, which received world fame thanks to the French translation by A. Gallan (incomplete, published from 1704 to 1717). The question of the origin and development of "1001 nights" has not been fully elucidated until now ... Literary Encyclopedia
A Thousand and One Nights Les palais des mille et une nuits Genre film fairy tale Director Georges Méliès Cast ... Wikipedia
- "A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS", a monument of medieval Arabic literature, a collection of fairy tales, developed mainly by the 15th century. (manuscripts date back to the 17th-19th centuries). Translated into many languages of the world, influenced folklore and written literature many nations... encyclopedic Dictionary
A monument of medieval Arabic literature, a collection of fairy tales, formed mainly by the 15th century. (manuscripts date back to the 17th-19th centuries). Translated into many languages of the world, influenced the folklore and written literature of many peoples ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
The name of a collection of Arabic tales, the final edition of which dates back to the 15th–16th centuries. He became famous in Europe in early XVIII V. according to an incomplete and free French translation (1708) by the writer A. Gallon, who subjected the text to some ... ... Dictionary winged words and expressions
Adverb, number of synonyms: 2 unusual (52) fabulous (43) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
"Thousand and One Nights"- “A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS”, a monument of medieval Arabic literature. A collection of fairy tales, translated around the 9th century. from a non-surviving original into Middle Persian (Pahlavi); developed by the 15th century. Most of the manuscripts of the 17th-19th centuries. Translated into many languages... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
This term has other meanings, see One Thousand and One Nights (meanings). Queen Scheherazade Tells Tales to King Shahriyar Tales of the Thousand and One Nights wa ... ... Wikipedia
Queen Scheherazade tells fairy tales to King Shahriyar Tales of the Thousand and One Nights (Persian هزار و يك شب Hazār o Yak shab, Arabic الف ليلة وليلةalf laila wa laila) a monument of medieval Arabic literature, a collection of stories, united ... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see One Thousand and One Nights (meanings). A Thousand and One Nights Les 1001 nuits Genre Comedy Director ... Wikipedia
Books
- A Thousand and One Nights (set of 16 books), . Reprint edition 1929. Among the magnificent monuments of oral folk art"The Tales of Scheherazade" is the most monumental monument. These fairy tales are amazing perfection ...
They say, and Allah knows better, - said Bahram, - that there was one person in the city of Kufa, from its noble inhabitants, whose name was ar-Rabi ibn Hatim, and he had a lot of money and lived freely. And he got a child, whom he named Nimat-Allah.
And one day he was at the site of the slave traders and suddenly saw a slave put up for sale, and in her arms was a little slave of rare beauty and charm. And ar-Rabi made a sign to the slave trader and asked him: "How much are this slave and her daughter going for?" - and the slave trader answered: "For fifty dinars!" - "Write a condition, take the money and give it to its owner," said ar-Rabi. And then he gave the price of the girl to the slave trader and gave him the payment for mediation, and taking the slave and her daughter, he went home with them.
When al-Amjad and al-Asad heard this story from Bahram, they were extremely surprised and said:
"Truly, this story is amazing..."
two hundred and forty seventh night
When the two hundred and forty-seventh night came, she said: “It came to me, O happy king, that when al-Amjad and al-Asad heard this story from Bahram the Mage, who converted to Islam, they were extremely surprised by it. And they slept that night, and when morning came, al-Amjad and al-Asad mounted their horses and went to the palace of the Sultan to tell him about the journey, and they came and wished to enter to the king, and they asked permission to enter, and the king allowed them, and when they entered, he paid them respect, and they sat down to talk.
While this was happening, dust suddenly arose, which covered the edges of the sky, so that the day turned black from it, and behind this dust cries and shrieks and neighing of horses were heard, and they saw shining swords and exposed prongs of spears. And when the new troops approached the city and saw both other armies, they beat their drums, and at the sight of this the king exclaimed: “Today is truly a blessed day! Praise be to Allah, who reconciled us with These two armies. And if Allah wants, he will reconcile us with this army also!" “O Amjad and Assad,” he said later, “go out and explain to us the matter with these troops. Truly, this army is numerous, more than I have seen.”
And both, al-Amjad and his brother al-Asad, left, after the king locked the gates of the city, fearing the troops surrounding him, and opened the gates and rode until they arrived at the approaching army, and it turned out that this army was great.
It came to me, O happy king, - said Shahrazade, - that he was in ancient times and past centuries and years one man, a merchant in Cairo, whose name was Shams-ad-din. And he was one of the best merchants and the most truthful in speeches, and had servants and servants, and slaves and slaves, and a lot of money, and was a foreman of merchants in Cairo.
And as for the stories about the magnanimous, they are very numerous and belong to them that they tell about the generosity of Hatim at-Tai.
When he died, he was buried on top of a mountain, and two stone pools were dug at his grave and stone images of girls with loose hair were placed. And under this mountain there was a flowing river, and when the travelers stopped there, they heard screams all night, but in the morning they did not find anyone but stone girls. And when he stopped in this valley, having left his tribe, Zu-l-Kura, the king of the Himyarites, he sang the night there ... "
And Scheherazade caught the morning, and she stopped the permitted speech.
One day, Man ibn Zayed was hunting and wanted to drink, but did not find water from his servants.
And when this was so, suddenly three girls came up to him, who carried three waterskins with water ... "
And Scheherazade caught the morning, and she stopped the permitted speech.
two hundred and seventy second night
When the two hundred and seventy-second night came, she said: “It came to me, O happy king, that three girls came up to him with three skins of water, and Man asked them to drink, and they gave him drink. And he ordered the servants to bring the girls were given gifts, but they had no money, so he gave each girl ten arrows from his quiver, the tips of which were made of gold, and one girl said to her friend: “Listen, only Man ibn Zayed is capable of such a thing. Let each of us say verses in praise of him."
And it came to me, O happy king, that there was a city called Labtite, and it was the abode of the power of the Rum, and there was a palace there, constantly locked. And every time a king among the Rumians died and another king stepped in instead of him, he attached a strong castle to the palace. So there were twenty-four castles on the gates of the palace - a castle from each king.
And after that, a man not from royal family. And he wanted to open these locks to see what was in the palace.
They also say that Hisham, the son of Abd-al-Melik ibn Merwan, was once hunting and suddenly saw a gazelle. And he pursued him with his dogs, and, pursuing a gazelle, he saw a young Arab nomad tending sheep. “O young man, this gazelle is in front of you, he ran away from me,” Hisham said, and the young man turned his head to him and said: “Oh, you don’t know the meaning of the best, you looked at me with a belittling eye and spoke to me with a humiliating speech! Your speech was the speech of the oppressor, and your actions were the actions of an ass.” "Woe to you, don't you know me?" Hisham exclaimed. And the young man answered: “I recognized you, because you showed yourself ignorant, telling me all this before greeting!” - "Woe to you - I am Hisham ibn Abd-al-Melik!" Hisham exclaimed. And the nomad answered: “Allah does not bring your motherland and do not give life to your grave! How much you have said and how little respect you have shown!”
The heroine-narrator from the collection of Persian fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights". Main character"The Tale of King Shahriyar and His Brother", a frame story that frames the cycle and links the disparate stories with a single thread.
History of creation
It is still not known for certain how the collection "1001 Nights" appeared in the form that is known now. The first researchers looked for the roots of this collection of tales in India, but modern researchers do not find solid evidence in favor of this theory. It seems that the collection from Persia called "A Thousand Legends", or "Khezar Afsane" became the prototype of the tales known to us "A Thousand and One Nights".
This text was translated into Arabic, and he began to bear the name "Thousand Nights". The translation enjoyed enormous popularity in Baghdad, the capital of the Eastern Caliphate, as evidenced by Arabic authors of that time. The tales themselves included in the collection have not come down to us, but the frame story is known and coincides with the framing story from the Thousand and One Nights.
Various fairy tales and cycles were “set” into this frame story at different times. Some of them existed independently even before being included in the collection, in oral. The demand for 1001 Nights manuscripts was great at the time, so book sellers could write down the tales directly from the words of professional storytellers, who borrowed information from oral sources.
Biography
Soon the royal brothers met another woman and found out that she cuckolded her genie husband 570 times - not even hiding, but right in the presence of her husband, while he was in a dream. Each of these betrayals is marked by a ring, the harlot made a necklace out of them and wears it around her neck. This sad experience leads the brothers to the opinion that there are no women among women who would not be whores.
Shahriyar returns home and there he executes the traitor wife, and at the same time the concubines. After that, King Shahriyar sets up the following order: every night an innocent girl is brought to him, the ruler takes possession of her, and at dawn orders her to be executed so that the girl does not have time to deteriorate.
Scheherazade stops this bloody lawlessness. The girl begs to become another suicidal concubine of King Shahriyar. Once in the royal bedroom, she tells the ruler fascinating tales and deliberately stops each one at the most interesting place exactly when the sun rises. The intrigued king has to postpone the execution of Scheherazade every morning in order to hear the continuation of the story the next night.
This continues for a thousand and one nights in a row, until Scheherazade comes to the king with three children born from him during this time. The first son of the king by that time was already walking, the second was crawling, and the third was sucking his breast. Scheherazade asks the king to spare her in the name of the children, but by that time Shahriyar had already cooled down and lost his bloodthirstiness. The king calls Scheherazade God-fearing, chaste and pure and pardons the heroine, and at the same time stops exterminating women. So the mind, eloquence and beauty of a girl save the lives of hundreds of innocent women.
"1001 Nights"
The collection includes three types fairy tales. The first is heroic stories. This includes long chivalric romances and fantasy tales that go back to the oldest Persian collection, A Thousand Legends, which was written about above. These tales are written in a gloomy and solemn style, nobles, courtiers and royal persons act in them. Heroic stories went through a thorough literary processing, traces are expelled from them folk speech, but there are many poetic quotations from the Arabic classics.
Genie from the fairy tale "A Thousand and One Nights" adventurous tales- these are short stories, the roots of which go back to the environment of merchants and artisans. The images of sultans and kings are reduced here, these characters already look like ordinary, not exalted human beings. In terms of content, these tales are classified as fablio - entertaining and instructive short stories that are created in an urban environment, they are characterized by rude humor. There is a lot of harem life here and love stories with cunning plans, wealthy merchants and their lovers act as heroes.
Illustration for "A Thousand and One Nights" The third type is picaresque tales. Here we are talking about the life of urban beggars, thieves, fishermen, shoemakers and others. The characters of picaresque tales are dodgers, swindlers and rogues of both sexes. Here lords and clerics are ridiculed, there is no regal pathos, as opposed to heroic tales. The style of these texts is close to colloquial speech, poetic inserts are almost absent. The characters in these tales are brave and enterprising.
Screen adaptations
The image of Scheherazade also inspired filmmakers. In 1947, the film "Song of Scheherazade" was released in the United States. In the USSR in the 80s of the last century, based on the fairy tales “A Thousand and One Nights”, a trilogy was shot (“And Another Night of Scheherazade ...”, “New Tales of Scheherazade”, “The Last Night of Scheherazade”), where the role of Scheherazade was played by an actress Elena Tonunts.
In 1963, the heroine appeared on the screens of France in an adventurous drama that bears her name. It plays on the theme of love between the heroine and the Frenchman Renaud de Villecroix, a subject of the Baghdad caliph, who saves the beauty from death on her way to the Holy Land.
Another well-known French film adaptation came out in 1990 and is called A Thousand and One Nights. In addition to Scheherazade, there is a genie in the plot, who came from modern London and helps the heroine using a technique invented in the 20th century.
- In the collection “1001 Nights” that has come down to us, 999 nights are actually described, and not a thousand and one, as the name implies. Two nights are lost due to a scribal error.
- Composer, inspired by Arabian tales, created symphonic suite called "Scheherazade". In 1910, the ballet of the same name was staged to this music, the scenery and costumes for which were created by the artist Bakst.
- IN Soviet times factory " Scarlet Sails produced a cheap perfume called Scheherazade with a sweet, strong fragrance that resembled candy canes. In our time, another Scheherazade perfume is sold under the Brocard brand. This is a floral oriental perfume.
