Dual or ambiguous images, as the Big Psychological Dictionary tells us, are explained by the fact that when perceiving such drawings, a person has different ideas that equally correspond to the image.
How many women do you see?
At first glance, 90% of people see attractive girl 20-25 years old, the remaining 10% see an old woman over 70 with a huge nose. For those who see the picture for the first time, it is difficult to see the second image.
Clue: The girl's ear is the eye of an old woman, and the oval of a young face is the nose of an old woman.
The first impression, according to psychologists, usually depends on which part of the picture your eyes fell on in the first moment.
After a little training, you can learn to order yourself who you want to see.
The psychiatrist E. Boringu used the portrait in the 1930s as an illustration for his work. The author of such an image is sometimes called the American cartoonist W. Hill, who published the work in 1915 in the Pak magazine (translated into Russian - “elf”, “fairy spirit”).
But back in the early years of the 20th century, a postcard was issued in Russia with the same picture and the inscription: “My wife and my mother-in-law.”
The picture with two ladies can be found in many manuals on psychology.
Hare or duck?
What character did you see first on the modern version of The Ehrenstein Illusion? The very first "duck-hare" drawing was published in Jastrow's book in 1899. There is an opinion that if children are shown a picture on the first day of Easter, they are more likely to consider a rabbit in it, but, and if shown to them in October, they will slopes to see a duck or similar bird
Clue: In the picture, you can see a duck that is pointing to the left, or a hare that is pointing to the right.
Singing Mexicans or old people?
Mexican artist Octavio Ocampo is the author of quite unusual paintings co hidden meaning. If you look closely, you will see another, hidden image in each of his drawings. He made decorations for more than 120 Mexican and American films. Created several portraits famous people Western world in a surrealistic style (“Portrait of the singer Cher”, “Portrait of the actress Jane Fonda”, “Portrait of Jimmy Carter”, etc.).
Clue: The old man and the blonde old woman look at each other. Their eyebrows are the hats of Mexican musicians and their eyes are the faces of the musicians.
Just Rose?
At first glance, yes. common flower and nothing else. But it was not there. The author of this image - Sandro del Pre - formed a new direction in art, which he called "illusoryism", with an emphasis on creating optical illusions when painting.
Clue: In the center of the rose, you can see the kissing couple.
Old man or cowboy?
This painting by Ya. Botvinnik, the first half of the 20th century, USA, is called “My husband and my father-in-law”.
Who did you see first? A young man with a cowboy hat or an old man with a big nose?
Psychologists say that a person's attitude to himself affects the choice of image: when positive attitude people often perceive a young image in the first seconds.
Clue: The cowboy's neck is the old man's mouth, the ear is the eye, the chin is the nose.
What do you see in the sixth picture?
Leave your options in the comments to this article. The answer will appear at 13:00 on October 8, 2013.
Answer: Skull or young couple
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Even the most hardened skeptics believe what their senses tell them, but the senses are easily deceived.
An optical illusion is an impression of a visible object or phenomenon that does not correspond to reality, i.e. optical illusion vision. Translated from Latin, the word "illusion" means "mistake, delusion." This suggests that illusions have long been interpreted as some kind of malfunction in the visual system. Many researchers have studied the causes of their occurrence.
Some visual illusions have long been scientific explanation others are still a mystery.
website continues to collect the coolest optical illusions. Be careful! Some illusions can make you teary headache and disorientation in space.
Endless Chocolate
If you cut a chocolate bar 5 by 5 and rearrange all the pieces in the order shown, then, out of nowhere, an extra chocolate piece will appear. You can do the same with regular chocolate and make sure it's not computer graphics but a real mystery.
Illusion of bars
Take a look at these bars. Depending on which end you are looking at, the two pieces of wood will either be next to each other, or one of them will lie on top of the other.
Cube and two identical cups
An optical illusion created by Chris Westall. There is a cup on the table, next to which there is a cube with a small cup. However, upon closer inspection, we can see that in fact the cube is drawn, and the cups are exactly the same size. A similar effect is noticed only at a certain angle.
Cafe wall illusion
Take a close look at the image. At first glance, it seems that all the lines are curved, but in fact they are parallel. The illusion was discovered by R. Gregory at the Wall Cafe in Bristol. That's where its name came from.
Illusion of the Leaning Tower of Pisa
Above you see two pictures leaning tower of pisa. At first glance it looks like the tower on the right is leaning more than the one on the left, but the two pictures are actually the same. The reason lies in the fact that the visual system considers two images as part of a single scene. Therefore, it seems to us that both photographs are not symmetrical.
Disappearing circles
This illusion is called "Disappearing Circles". It consists of 12 lilac pink spots arranged in a circle with a black cross in the middle. Each spot disappears in a circle for about 0.1 seconds, and if you focus on the central cross, you can get the following effect:
1) at first it will seem that a green spot is running around
2) then the purple spots will start to disappear
An optical illusion is a deception of the human eye. Observations of some images leave visual illusions in our minds.
Optical illusion is an unreliable perception of certain visual information. A person, looking at an illusion, incorrectly assesses its size or shape, creating a deceptive image in the mind.
The reason for erroneous perception is the peculiarity of the structure of our visual organ. The physiology and psychology of vision allow us to make an incorrect final result, and instead of round shapes, a person is able to see square ones, and large pictures will seem small.
Illusion - an error of visual perception
Optical illusion can be divided into several main types:
- wrong color perception
- misperception based on contrast
- misperception of the size of an object
- misperception of image depth
- twisted illusion
- "changeling"
- illusions that move
- 3D pictures
- optical illusion contour
The human brain is capable of deceptively responding to certain images. It seems that the image moves or even changes its color only due to the fact that the brain perceives visible light some pictures.
Moving pictures optical illusion, photo
One of the most popular are the so-called moving pictures. The secret of this type lies in color and contrast perception.
moving picture It only takes a few seconds to look at the center this figure, then look away at one of the sides of the salad frame of the image, as the picture literally “floats”.
moving illusion "wall" This illusion can be attributed to two types of "curvature of the form" and "moving illusion". Firstly, the uneven placement of the cubes allows us to conclude that the lines are crooked.
However, they are absolutely equal. Secondly, if you move the picture up and down using the slider on your monitor on the right, you can see how the cubes move and run.
moving illusion Thanks to the textured image, it creates the feeling that the squares in the center of the picture are moving.
illusion that moves Thanks to contrast image round discs, it seems that they are moving in different sides: clockwise and counterclockwise.
the illusion is moving The patterns in the picture are of different sizes and stand out with bright contrasting colors. That is why it creates the feeling that the lines and curves are moving.
What are the pictures for optical illusion for children?
- Visual illusions are one of the most popular intellectual entertainment for children. Observations of such pictures allow you to develop the thinking of the child.
- He tries to understand why it happens that the desired is not presented as real.
- In addition, groups of eye muscles are exercised. This helps to improve blood circulation to the visual channel, which means it serves as a kind of prevention of blindness and other problems.
During the observation of illusions, the child exercises his logical thinking and develops the brain.
The most popular illusions for children:
animalistic shapeshifter Such an illusion helps the baby understand which animal is shown in the picture: a cat or a dog. The child analyzes all the external features and remembers the characteristics, in addition, he tries to visually turn the image around, which trains his eye muscles.
volumetric illusion This illusion gives the child the opportunity to see volumetric image. In order to do this, you need to bring your face closer to the image, direct your gaze to the middle, scatter your vision for five seconds, and then quickly focus. Such an activity intensively trains the muscles of the eyes and allows the child to develop vision.
mirror illusion Monotonous prints arranged mirror to each other allow the baby to find common features external parameters in different animals.
optical illusion This image allows you to develop abstract thinking: in the proposed picture you can see a simple branching tree. But if you read the contours correctly, the image of a newborn child will appear to your eyes.
What is an optical illusion hypnosis pictures?
Some images are called “pictures of hypnosis” because they can be misleading and a kind of trance when a person diligently tries to understand what is the secret of the drawn objects and why they move.
hypnosis picture There is a belief that if you look at the center of a moving image for a long time, a person imagines how he plunges into a deep tunnel without a bottom and an edge. It is this immersion that distracts him from other thoughts and his trance is comparable to hypnosis.
Illusion pictures in black and white, optical illusion in contrasts
Black and white colors are absolutely opposite. These are the most contrasting colors of all. Looking at such a picture, the human eye literally “doubts” which of the colors to pay the main attention to and that is why it turns out that the pictures “dance”, “float”, “move” and even appear in space.
Most Popular black and white illusions:
parallel black and white lines The secret of the image is that the dashes on the lines are depicted in different directions and that is why it seems that the lines are not parallel at all.
black and white illusions These images allow us to see two images in one picture. The drawing is built on the principle of contour and contrasts.
black and white illusion based on concentration In this illusion, for the effect, you need to peer at the red dot located on the image for a long time.
One minute will be enough. After that, the gaze is taken to the side and on any object you see what you previously observed only on the monitor.
What is optical illusion pictures 3d?
This type of illusion allows a person to literally “break the brain”. This is because the picture displays the arrangement of objects in such a way that, firstly, they become voluminous on a plane, and secondly, sometimes they are too difficult to understand.
simple 3d illusion This picture makes the location of objects incomprehensible to a person: their sides and surfaces. Nevertheless, the picture is perceived in volume.
complex illusion picture in 3D More complex images involve a person peering into the depth of the picture for a long time. It is necessary to completely disperse and split vision and after a while sharply restore it.
On a perfectly flat picture, volumetric figure(in this case a woman) with clear contours.
Optical illusion pictures
Optical illusions of vision are errors that can occur in our vision. The causes of optical illusions are perceptual errors.
While viewing the picture, inexplicable movements, disappearances and appearances may occur. All this is justified by the physiological and psychological aspect visual perception.
optical illusion "black dot" The secret of the illusion is that when we notice a small black object in the center, we do not pay attention to the surroundings.
elephant optical illusion Not a clear image of the contours allows you to see the elephant instead of four - eight legs.
optical illusion "sun" Contrasting colors and indistinct borders of the picture allow the image to literally vibrate at the moment when we look at it and remain immobilized when we look at something else.
optical illusion "one picture - two images" Based on a mirror image with an exact repetition of all forms.
Image Illusion: Dress, Illusion Explained
- The famous network "virus" and the joke "blue or gold dress" are based on the perception of vision, depending on individual features each person
- Once upon a time, everyone received a picture from friends in social networks with the caption “What color is the dress?”. And many of your friends answered this question in completely different ways: either blue or gold
- The secret of the perception of the picture lies in how your visual organ is built and in what conditions you observe this picture.
- in the retina human eye in each particular case is a certain amount of cones and rods. It is the quantity that plays the role of perception: for some it will be blue, for others it will be golden.
optical illusion "dress" It is important to pay attention to the fact of lighting. look at the image in bright light - you will see a blue dress. Leave for half an hour in a dark room and then look back at the picture - most likely you will see a golden dress.
Double pictures optical illusion, what's the secret?
As mentioned earlier, the secret of this illusion is hidden in the complete repetition of the lines of the picture when it is mirrored. Of course, this can not be done in practice with every picture, but if you clearly choose the shape, you get quite an interesting result.
classic double picture "old or young woman?" looking at given image you need to decide for yourself: “What do you see first of all?” From options you will see a young girl turned in profile with a feather in her headdress, or an old woman with a long chin and a big nose.
modern double image Of more modern options double image one can distinguish paintings that simultaneously depict two separate drawings. In such cases, the features of one image are read in different lines.
Video: “The five most incredible optical illusions. Optical illusion"
(English ambiguous figures, reversible figures)- images that allow different ratios of "figure" and "background" depending on the subject's ideas. The selected object (figure) becomes the object of perception, and everything that surrounds it goes to the background of perception. Yes, Fig. 2a can be perceived either as an image of a black vase on a white background, or as two profiles of a person's face on a black background. More meaningful images are also possible. For example, when continuously examining the figure ("Schroeder's figure") in Fig. 2b, its appearance changes, while one can observe: 1) a staircase; 2) a paper strip folded like an accordion; 3) overhanging cornice.
Dual or ambiguous images are explained by the fact that when perceiving such drawings, a person has different ideas that equally correspond to the image. Therefore, it suffices to isolate the c.-l. a characteristic detail corresponding to a certain idea, in order to then immediately see a certain object.
Rice. 2. Examples of dual images.
Addendum : The classic figure with reversible perspective is the Necker cube; this is D. and. named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Louis Albert Necker (1730-1804), who reported that crystals and their patterns during scientific observations seem to spontaneously revolve in depth (which, of course, makes them very difficult to visualize). The reversible vase mentioned above was published in 1915 by the Danish philosopher Edgar Rubin (1886-1951); this vase very popularly illustrates the reversibility of figure and ground. Dual images often seen in pictures famous artists, an example of which is Salvador Dali’s painting “The Slave Market with the Appearance of an Inconspicuous Bust of Voltaire” (when viewed from a close distance, the figures of people dominate, with an increase in the observation distance, the bust of Voltaire becomes noticeable).
Another example of a striking competition between figure and background is M. Escher's engraving "Concentric Limit IV (Heaven and Hell)": here the spontaneous alternation of devils and angels, which has no end, is symbolic and has a deep philosophical meaning.
The theoretical significance of dual images in the psychology of perception lies in the fact that they convincingly prove the well-known thesis of Gestalt psychology about the relative independence of the perceptual whole from sensory elements. The method of proof is simple: on the same sensory basis, with the same stimulation, completely different percepts can arise. T. o., D. and. prove the same thesis as the effect of transposition (which consists in demonstrating the constancy, stability of the perceptual whole when full shift sensory basis), but directly against. way. (B. M.)
Psychological dictionary. A.V. Petrovsky M.G. Yaroshevsky
Dictionary of psychiatric terms. V.M. Bleikher, I.V. Crook
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
Neurology. Full Dictionary. Nikiforov A.S.
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
Oxford Dictionary of Psychology
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
subject area of the term
The author of the figure opposite (Fig. 2) presented new type flywheel, combining mathematical imagination with a fair amount of technical ideas. Its individual components are shown in the drawing attached to the wall on the left, while the frontal view of the wheel axle in the drawing on the right reveals the whole concept of the square wheel. However, the viewer remains in his opinion - such a wheel cannot be built. It is not impossible to connect six beams to form a wheel rim, even if they lie in the same plane, but four spokes simply cannot be connected as shown. The inventor of this wheel forces us to look for at least one connection that would be clearly wrong. But, as we shall soon discover, they are all correct. And yet the object represented in this particular case cannot exist in the real world. This is an impossible object! Only by disconnecting connections at several points will we arrive at an object that can be built. Rice. 3 shows one of the possible options. The result, however, is significantly different from what the inventor originally envisioned - it is now a bizarre three-dimensional construction made possible and useless...
Sadro del Prete combined two impossible triangles into this "impossible wheel". Impossible Triangle(or tribar) is the simplest and at the same time the most captivating object of all known impossible objects(Fig. 4). It looks very "real", but still it cannot exist.
However, its impossibility is not as absolute as that of, for example, a square circle, which can neither be represented in the mind nor drawn. The impossible objects that interest us can be, oddly enough, easily visualized, which is the basis of their attraction. They show us new world and thus reveal to us the incredibly complex process we call vision. Is tribar really impossible? Rice. Figure 5 shows how, by dividing the two arms of the triangle at certain points, we arrive at an object that can be created in the real world. Obviously, we have transformed it into something completely different.
Sandro del Pret's "Three Candles" (Fig. 6) represent a completely different category of impossible objects. How many candles are shown: two or three? If we look down from the middle flame, we will see that the candle on which it burns in a mystical way disappears. At the same time, if we look up from the square base of the right candle, we will see that the left side of the candle disappears into background, and only the right side remains. A characteristic feature of such impossible objects is that they can only be depicted in black and white and cannot be colored. Three following images(Fig. 7-9) were created by Oskar Reutersvärd. There is something annoying in such paintings, when a figure that initially seems monolithic suddenly escapes our gaze. Matter disappears into the void.
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| Figure 6. Sandro del Prete, "Three Candles", pencil drawing |
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| Figure 7 | Figure 8 | Figure 9 |
Ambiguous figures are another category. Unlike impossible objects, which cannot exist in the real world, ambiguous figures represent three-dimensional realities with more than one. Thus, we can interpret the figure in the center of Monica Bush's drawing (Fig. 10) both as a projection of the outer surface of the cube and as a concave cubic space. It is entirely possible to create two different 3D models of this painting, each illustrating one of the interpretations of the painting. As we will see in Chapter 3, every image projected onto the retina of the eye is essentially ambiguous, whether we are looking at a painting or at objects. real world. Fortunately, this rarely creates problems in everyday life, since our consciousness accepts only the information received from the picture on the retina, which corresponds to reality. We are talking about the ambiguity of a figure, when two (and sometimes more) interpretations of the same figure are equally plausible.
The first scientists who began to study impossible objects and ambiguous figures defined both of these categories under the same name "optical illusions", which is not entirely accurate, since this name does not reveal the unique characteristics of these objects. Optical illusions are objects that we see, but which either cannot exist in reality or whose true nature is different from what we see. We constantly encounter optical illusions in our lives without noticing them, simply because we constantly make allowances for them. For example, although we think the moon is following us when we walk down the street at night, we know for sure that it is standing still. Similarly, the moon appears larger when it is just above the horizon than when it is high in the sky, but we do not think that the moon expands and contracts every night. When I look out the window at the buildings below, they seem no bigger than a flowerpot on my windowsill, but still I don't allow such a thought. Optical illusions are for the most part an integral feature of our perception.
Some forms of optical illusions have very unusual characteristics, some of them even bear the name of their "inventor" or researcher. In the picture Prof. A.J.W.M. Thomassen (fig. 11) we see Sander's (1926, fig. 12) parallelogram among the figures. If you are seeing this optical illusion for the first time, then take a ruler and measure the difference in length between long AB and short BC. Fraser's illusion (1908, fig. 13) shows us the extent to which additional factors influence our consciousness's determination of the direction of the lines: although the letters of the word LIFE appear to be curved, they are all vertical and parallel to each other. The estimation of the size of a circle depends on the objects surrounding it (Lipps, 1897, fig. 14): the central circles in both cases have the same size.
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| Figure 14. |
These kinds of illusions have been the subject of study for over 150 years, and they can teach us how our vision functions. The ambiguity of figures was explored by Necker as early as 1832, while impossible objects did not come to attention until 1958 after the publication of an article by the Penroses, whose impossible triangle is also depicted in a painting by Thomassen.
In this book, we will show, among other things, that dual figures and impossible objects are important not only because they shed light on the peculiarities of our vision, but also because their discovery by artists opened up hitherto unexplored areas in the history of art.
