Ernest Hemingway - famous American writer, Nobel Prize Laureate.
early years
The writer was born in 1899, in the suburbs of Chicago - Oak Park, USA. Ernie's father was a doctor and dreamed of raising a physician from his son, teaching him everything related to natural science. By the age of eight, Ernest knows “by sight” all the flora and fauna that exists in the Midwest.
Hemingway begins writing at school years. In addition, Ernie is a good athlete, plays football and boxing. On the "dirty" side of boxing, Ernie writes a very caustic story: "It's all about skin color"
After graduating from high school, full of energy Ernie gets a job at a newspaper in Kansas City. Through his work, Hemingway gets acquainted with the darkest sides of urban life: with prostitution, criminals and prisons, with brothels and scammers. Later, his experience will prove to be invaluable material for literary activity.
War
Meanwhile, the world's first World War. Ernest repeatedly tries to enlist in the army, but is rejected due to poor eyesight. Not accustomed to defeat, Hemingway in every sense "rushes into battle" and eventually gets his way. Starting to serve as a Red Cross driver in Italy, Ernest soon moves to the front lines.
In the war, the writer is seriously injured and returns to his native America as a hero.
20s
Ernest moves to France, which gives him a powerful charge of inspiration. Quite serious, even outstanding works are already being born:
In 1825 Ernest Hemingway published his first collection of short stories. "Nowadays".
In 1829 - "Farewell to Arms" - and this novel is an unprecedented success! Despite the crisis, in his native America, the novel flies off the shelves like hot cakes.
30s
In 1830, Ernie gets into a serious accident, six months of the writer's life is spent on recovery. This is the period creative crisis Hemingway, breaking his usual life principles.
After recovering, Ernest embarks on a " big Adventure to understand yourself and the world itself. Spends a lot of time in Africa.
Being a conscientious citizen, Hemingway closely follows the Spanish Civil War, and he himself goes to Madrid to fight on the side of the Republicans.
As a result, it comes to light new novel writer: "For whom the Bell Tolls"
The Second World War
Ernest Hemingway participated in all the wars that fell on his time. This is due to the restless, very "lively" nature of the writer, his desire to be in the thick of things. So, with the beginning of the Second World War, Ernest becomes a military journalist, but not wanting to sit in the rear, he quickly moves to the forefront. Creates counterintelligence against the Nazis in Cuba, on a personal boat tracks down German submarines in the Caribbean, participates in combat missions to Germany and France.
Life in Cuba
This period of Hemingway's life should be highlighted especially, because it is in Cuba that the writer creates his best creation: the story "The Old Man and the Sea", for which he receives the Pulitzer Prize. This story is the peak of the writer's career, his best job, worthy completion of literary activity.
Last years
In 1960 Ernest returned to America. It becomes clear that Hemingway's psyche is suffering. He is tormented by paranoia, he is in constant depression. The writer is sent to a psychiatric clinic, but the treatment does not work. July 2, 1961, a few days after leaving the clinic, Ernest Hemingway commits suicide.
Briefly about creativity
The works of Ernest Hemingway are notable for their "simplicity" of perception. An opponent of "pompous phrases", Ernie writes in a simple, ascetic style. Clarity and capacity of construction is Hemingway's distinctive trump card. The writer uses the “iceberg” technique, that is, there is a hidden subtext around a laconic, strict plot. This subtext contains all the emotions, symbols, associations, all the "artistic" of the text. Dry, at first glance, Hemingway's text evokes the strongest feelings of readers, touches the very soul of a person.
Ernest Miller Hemingway (born July 21, 1899) is an American writer, journalist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954, author of the works Farewell to Arms!, For Whom the Bell Tolls? and the sea" and many others. the site recalls the most interesting and unexpected facts about a writer who turned his life into an adventure novel with a tragic ending.
Ernest Hemingway was born the son of a doctor and a housewife in a privileged suburb of Chicago. He grew up as a stubborn boy and did only what he wanted. He did not become a musician, as his mother wanted, and did not go to university. Instead, immediately after school, he moved in with his uncle and got a job at a local newspaper as a journalist. On the first day, Hemingway got a story about a fire - the result was an excellent reportage and a burnt suit.
When the First World War began, Hemingway really wanted to go to the front, but because of his poor eyesight, he was not taken into the army. Then the young man signed up as a volunteer driver of the Red Cross - and so he ended up at the front in Italy. On the very first day of their stay in Milan, Hemingway and other volunteers were sent to clear the area of the blown up munitions factory. I had to take out the corpses - including women and children. Hemingway distinguished himself in the war by pulling an Italian sniper out of the fire. At the same time, he himself received more than two hundred wounds, of which more for a long time fragments were pulled out in the hospital.
Paris has always been Hemingway's favorite city. The writer first came there with his first wife in 1921. The newlyweds lived more than modestly, if not poor. However, Hemingway wrote a lot and met many interesting people: writers Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, poet Ezra Pound and so on. Happy time spent in Paris, later embodied in a book of memoirs"A holiday that is always with you" (1964).
Ernest Hemingway was popular with women, but he did not like to have affairs on the side. Another new hobby often ended in marriage. Thus, the writer was married four times. He had three sons from his first two wives.
During the writing of his works, Hemingway most often ate peanut butter and onion sandwiches. In general, he loved to eat delicious food and knew how to cook. Hemingway once published a recipe for apple pie in his newspaper column. Today, in the museum of the writer in Florida, you can see other of his recipes, for example, a hamburger.
Exists popular history about how Hemingway once bet that he would compose the most touching story with just a few words. And he won the argument by writing:"Children's shoes for sale. New». Quoteinvestigator.com recently conducted an investigation to find out if this is true or not. It turned out that this phrase first appeared in 1917 in an article by William R. Kane, and modern version phrase appeared in 1991.
Hemingway once stole a urinal from his favorite bar. The writer stated that he “blew” enough money in this bar that he has the right to own it. The urinal was installed in Hemingway's house.
Hemingway took an active part in the Civil War (1936-1939) in Spain on the side of the Republicans who fought against General Franco. He went to Madrid as a journalist, along with film crew for the filming of the documentary "Land of Spain", for which he wrote the script. In the most hard days war Hemingway did not leave the city, besieged by the Nazis. Impressions from the war formed the basis of one of the most famous novels author -"For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940).
In 1941, Hemingway purchased a boat, which he overtook to Cuba. He became interested in sea fishing, and in order to protect his catch from sharks, he installed a machine gun on the boat. Hemingway broke the world record by catching seven marlin in one day. The boat was also used for other purposes - from the summer of 1942 until the end of 1943, Hemingway hunted German submarines on it (here, in addition to a machine gun, he needed hand grenades).
Hemingway loved to hunt and somehow arranged for himself a long safari in East Africa, the impression of which formed the basis of the book."Green Hills of Africa" . Among the major trophies of the writer are three lions, twenty-seven antelopes and a buffalo.
Throughout his life, Hemingway felt as though he were surrounded by a cloud of unhappiness. His father, sister and younger brother committed suicide. Jane Mason's mistress and a Parisian friend, writer Scott Fitzgerald, tried to commit suicide. One of the first biographers of the writer jumped out of the window.
During his life, Hemingway suffered from anthrax, malaria, skin cancer, and pneumonia. He survived diabetes, two plane crashes, a ruptured kidney and spleen, hepatitis, a skull fracture and spinal fracture, and hypertension. But he died by his own hands.
Hemingway was a KGB agent - this became known thanks to a KGB officer who gained access to the archives in the 90s Stalin era. The writer was recruited in 1941 and received the undercover name "Argo". During the 40s, Hemingway met with Soviet agents in Havana and London and "expressed an active desire to help." However, in the end, his use for the KGB turned out to be small, since the writer could not provide any politically important information. He never participated in practical work". By the 1950s, the Argo agent was no longer in contact with Soviet agents.
IN last years During his life, Hemingway was obsessed with growing paranoia - the writer was convinced that the FBI was watching him. This fear grew especially in the Mayo Psychiatric Clinic in Rodchester, where the writer was "treated" with electric shock. He even called his friend from the phone in the clinic and reported the bugs placed in it. No one believed Hemingway then. It wasn't until fifty years after the writer's death, thanks to the new Freedom of Information Act, that an inquiry could be made to the FBI. Then it turned out that, by order of Hoover, Hemingway had indeed been placed under surveillance and listening. Including in that psychiatric clinic.
On July 2, 1961, a few days after being discharged from the Mayo Clinic, Hemingway shot himself with his favorite gun, leaving no suicide note. This Vincenzo Bernardelli shotgun is now called "Hemingway".
Ernest Hemingway had a beloved six-toed cat, Snowball, who was given to him by a familiar ship captain. Today, at least fifty descendants of Snowball live in the Hemingway Museum in Florida (six-fingered descended from half of them). To this day, polydactyl cats are called "Hemingway's cats."
There is a society of men who look like Ernest Hemingway. Each year, the society holds a competition to select the most similar member from among its number.
In 2000 domestic cartoon based on a story by Hemingway"The Old Man and the Sea" received an Oscar. Its creator, Russian animator Alexander Petrov, used a special technique of "animated painting" (drawing oil paints on glass). This is a very beautiful cartoon and really worth it to see it.
Ernest Hemingway - Biography Ernest Hemingway - Biography
(Hemingway) Hemingway, Ernest Miller (1899 - 1961)
Ernest Hemingway (Hemingway)
Biography
American writer. Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in the city of Oak Park (Oak Park) near Chicago, Illinois (USA). In 1917 he graduated from River Forrest Township School. After graduation high school worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri. He was a participant in the 1st World War of 1914 - 1918, serving as a driver of an ambulance of the Red Cross field service in Italy. On July 8, 1918, he was wounded in both legs by shell fragments. January 21, 1919 Hemingway returned to America. For some time he worked for the newspaper "Toronto Star" (Toronto, Canada), then lived odd jobs in Chicago. September 2, 1921 he married Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (Elizabeth Hadley Richardson). December 22, 1921 they move to Paris, from where Hemingway continues to write reports for the Toronto Star. In 1923, Hemingway's debut collection of stories, Tree Stories and Ten Poems, was published in Paris, in January 1924, the second book, In my home, and in October 1926, Hemingway's first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was published in the United States. ). In 1927, Ernst and Hadley divorced and Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer, whom he had met two years earlier. Between the two world wars, he traveled extensively, hunting in Africa, attending bullfighting in Spain, and spearfishing in Florida. During the Spanish Civil War in 1937 - 1938 he was a journalist in the ranks of the International Brigade, which fought on the side of the Republicans. During the Civil War, he visited Spain four times. On December 26, 1939, Hemingway parted ways with Paulina and, together with Martha Gellhorn, moved to Cuba and a year later acquired a house in the village of San Francisco de Paula, a few miles from Havana. At breakfast at Irwin's, Shaw meets Mary Welch, who on May 2, 1945, becomes Hemingway's fourth wife. During the Second World War, he led his own small division of the American army in Europe. After the war, he lived in Cuba for a long time. In 1959 - 1961, Hemingway, who suffered from cirrhosis of the liver, secretly went to the hospital several times, but could not improve his health. On August 1 (according to other sources - July 2), 1961, while in the town of Ketcham (Idaho), he committed suicide by shooting himself in the forehead with a double-barreled hunting rifle.
Winner of the Pulitzer (1953) and Nobel (1954) prizes awarded for the story-parable "The Old Man and the Sea". He knew and loved Russian literature well, singling out I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy and M. Sholokhov.
Among the works of Hemingway are reports, essays, short stories, novels, novels: "Tree Stories and Ten Poems" (1923, collection of stories), "In my home" (1924, collection of stories), "In Our Time" (In Our Time, 1925, collection of stories), "The Sun Also Rises" (The Sun Also Rises, 1926, novel; in the English edition - "Fiesta"), "Men without Women" (1927, collection of stories), "Farewell to arms!" (A Farewell to Arms, 1929, novel), Death in the Afternoon (1932), Green Hills of Africa (1935), Winner Gets Nothing (1933, short story collection), To Have and Have Not (1937 , novel), "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940, novel; dedicated to the events of the Spanish Civil War in 1937; for many decades was banned from publication in the USSR), "Across the river, in the shade of trees" (Across the River and into the Trees, 1950, novel), "The Old Man and the Sea" (The Old Man and the Sea, 1952, story-parable), Islands in the Ocean (published 1970, unfinished novel)
__________
Information sources:
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Encyclopedia of Russian-American relations, English-Russian linguo-cultural dictionary "Americana", Large soviet encyclopedia, Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary)
Project "Russia congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru
(Source: "Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom." www.foxdesign.ru)
. Academician. 2011 .
See what "Hemingway Ernest - biography" is in other dictionaries:
Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961), American writer. In the novels Fiesta (1926), Farewell to Arms! (1929) mindset" lost generation» (see LOST GENERATION). In the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), a civilian ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Hemingway Ernest- (Hemingway) (18991961), American writer. Member of the First World War. During the National Revolutionary War of 193639 in Spain, he was a war correspondent. From 1939, almost until the end of his life, he lived in Cuba. In 194244 X. created ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "Latin America"
Hemingway, Ernest Miller- Ernest Miller Hemingway. Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899-1961), American writer. The first works are the book of stories “In Our Time” (1925), the novel “The Sun Also Rises” (in the English edition of “Fiesta”, 1926), “Farewell, Arms!” (1929) ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Hemingway, Ernest Miller) ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899 1961), one of the most popular and influential American writers of the 20th century, who gained fame primarily for his novels and short stories. Born in Oak Park (Illinois) in a family ... ... Collier Encyclopedia
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899, Oak Park, near Chicago - July 2, 1961, Ketchum, Idaho) was an American writer. He graduated from high school (1917), worked as a reporter in Kansas City. Member of the 1st World War 1914‒18. Journalistic practice ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
HEMINGWAY Ernest Miller- HEMINGWAY (Hemingway) Ernest Miller (18991961), American writer, correspondent journalist. Member of the 1st World War 191418; in 192228 he lived in Paris. Book. "In Our Time" (1925) montage of stories and miniature interludes ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary
Ernest Hemingway- Ernest Miller Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois (USA) in the family of a doctor. In 1928, the writer's father committed suicide. Ernest, the eldest son of six children, attended several schools in Oak Park, ... ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Hemingway surname and toponym English origin. Surname Hemingway, Margot (b. 1954 1996) American fashion model and actress, granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway, sister of Marielle Hemingway. Hemingway, Mariel (b. ... ... Wikipedia
Hemingway Gellhorn ... Wikipedia
- (1899 1961) American writer. In the novels Fiesta (1926), Farewell to Arms! (1929) The mindset of a lost generation. In the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), the Spanish Civil War of 1936 39 appears as a national and universal tragedy... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1899 1961) writer The rich are not like you and me, they have more money. If two people love each other, it cannot end happily. Only lovers who have not loved enough to hate each other can forget about each other. ... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms
Books
- Ernest Hemingway. Collected works in 4 volumes (set of 4 books), Ernest Hemingway. "If we win here, we win everywhere. World - a good place and it’s worth fighting for, and I really don’t want to leave it.” Ernest Hemingway The work of Ernest Hemingway is included in the golden…
Ernest Miller Hemingway (born 1899 - died 1961) was an American writer. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1954).
Hemingway received wide recognition thanks to his novels and numerous stories - on the one hand, and his life, full of adventure and surprises, on the other. His style, concise and rich, strongly influenced the American and British literature XX century.
A newspaper column is a daily substitute for immortality.
Hemingway Ernest
Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in the privileged suburb of Chicago - the town of Oak Park, Illinois, USA. His father, Clarence Edmond Hemingway (1871–1928), was a physician, and his mother, Grace Hall (1872–1951), devoted her life to raising children. In a family where besides him there were 5 brothers and sisters: Marceline (1898-1963), Ursula (1902-1966), Madeleine (1904-1995), Carol (1911-2002), Leicester (1915-1982). Favorite activities in childhood were reading books, fishing and hunting, love for which Hemingway instilled in his father. Many years later, childhood impressions and experiences will be conveyed in stories about Nick Adams - Ernest's alter ego. Being a naturally healthy and strong young man, Hemingway was actively involved in boxing and football.
Literary vocation manifested itself in his school years, where he made his debut in a small school newspaper. Mostly reports on sports, concerts. Especially popular were malicious notes about " secular life» Oak Park. All these first literary experiments were given to Ernest without much difficulty. And already in those years he firmly decided to become a writer. The first stories were published in school magazine"Table" in 1916. First, "The Judgment of Manitou" is a boyish composition with northern exoticism, blood and Indian folklore. And in the next issue, Ernest printed new story"It's all about the color of the skin" is about the underhanded and dirty commercial side of boxing.
In the summer of 1916, after schoolwork Ernest, seeking to gain independence from his parents, goes with a friend to independent travel to Northern Michigan. There he experiences a lot of impressions, which later will be included in many of the writer's works.
After this summer, a story appeared: "Sepi Zhingan" - about a hunter from the Ojibway tribe, who talks about blood feud. These first stories by Ernest were a great success among schoolchildren.
After graduating from school, he decided not to go to university, as his parents demanded, but moved to Kansas City, where he got a job at the local Star newspaper. Here it was formed literary style and the habit of always being in the center of events. I had to work as a police reporter - Ernest got acquainted with brothels, encountered prostitutes, hired killers, visited fires and accidents.
After the war, Ernest Hemingway resumed his literary experiments, working as a journalist in Chicago and Toronto. Then he married his first wife, Hadley Richardson (1891-1979). In 1921, Ernest was sent as a correspondent to Paris from the Toronto Star newspaper, on the condition of complete independence in choosing material for work.
Mark Twain is my favorite writer for three reasons: he wrote well, he entertains me, and he's already dead.
Hemingway Ernest
He and his wife walked a lot around the city, met such literary luminaries as F. S. Fitzgerald, H. Stein and Ezra Pound, who spoke very well of the abilities of young Ernest.
Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park (Illinois, USA), the son of a doctor.
During First World War the young man did not get into the army, because due to an injury, he practically did not see one eye. However, in 1918 Hemingway went to italian front as a Red Cross volunteer. In three months future writer was badly wounded. After the explosion of the mine, 237 fragments turned out to be in his body.
In 1920, returning from the war, Hemingway married Helly Richardson. Family life with her lasted only four years.
American Libbez. Writers - Ernest Hemingway. Part 1
Hemingway began to write under the influence of communication with members of the literary circle, in which he met with J. Joyce, Ezra Pound. A feature of Hemingway's work was a specific realism with a strong existentialist shade. The writer sought to "penetrate the very essence of phenomena", "to tell the truth."
Hemingway's first book - "Three stories and ten poems" - was published in 1923. In 1925, the collection "In Our Time" was published, in 1926 - the novels "Spring Waters", "The Sun Also Rises", in 1927 . - a collection of short stories "Men without women."
American Libbez. Writers - Ernest Hemingway. Part 2
During this period, the writer becomes already quite famous. He begins to fruitfully cooperate with the publishing house of Charles Scribner. In 1927, Hemingway married a second time, to the German journalist Pauline Pfeiffer. Around the same time, the novel Farewell to Arms! appeared, which made the author truly famous. Following were written: "Death in the Afternoon" (1932), "Green Hills of Africa" (1935), etc.
The writer traveled a lot. The impressions of travel were reflected in many works, such as "Death in the Afternoon" and "The Snows of Kilimanjaro".
In 1936, Hemingway organized a collection of money and clothing for Republicans fighting in Spain. He himself went to Spain to fight in foreign legion against Francoists. During this period, the novel “To Have and Not to Have” (1937), the play “The Fifth Column” (1938), the script “Spanish Land” (1938), the novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls” (1940) .).
Ernest Hemingway in the cockpit of his Pilar. Photo ok. 1950
During World War II, Hemingway actively participated in anti-fascist agitation.
In 1952, the story "The Old Man and the Sea" was published. In 1954 the writer received Nobel Prize in Literature "for narrative skill, in Once again demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, for the influence it has had on contemporary style."
On June 21, 1961, Hemingway committed suicide by shooting himself. The cause was a severe depression that had plagued him for a long time.
