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Ashik Gharib
"Ashik-Gharib", Azeri anonymous romantic dastan. Also popular in Transcaucasia, Malaya and Central Asia. It took shape no earlier than the 16th-17th centuries. The authorship of the poems incorporated into prose is attributed to the main character, a folk singer (ashug). Plot basis"A.-G." is a love conflict with many adventures. The social environment is merchant. The Azerbaijani version was first recorded by M. Yu. Lermontov (1837, publ. 1846). The Turkish version underwent cyclization according to the type of heroic dastans (“Son of Ashyk-Gerib” and “Grandson of Ashyk-Gerib”). The Turkmen version (“Shasenem and Garib”) is more archaic, replete with ethnic details and historical names. Events unfold in a feudal-palace environment. Many episodes and motifs of this version go back to the ancient Oguz epic Kitabi Dede Korkud. The operas "Ashik-Gharib" by U. Hajibekov and "Shahsenem" by R. M. Glier were written on the plot of the dastan.
Texts: Aerbajchan khalg dastanlary, part 2, Baki, 1961; Shasenem ≈ Garyp, Ashgabat, 1959; in Russian per. ≈ Shasenem and Garib, M., 1946.
Lit .: "Ashik-Kerib", Sat., L., 1941; Azerbajchan edebilates of tarihi, part 2, Baki, 1941; Korogly Kh. G., On the characterization of Turkmen romantic destans, "Peoples of Asia and Africa", 1964, ╧6; Yakubova S.Z., Azerbaijani folk legend "Ashik-Gharib", B., 1968.
X. Korogly.
Wikipedia
Ashik Gharib (disambiguation)
- Ashik Gharib- common in Transcaucasia, Central Asia and the Middle East folk tale, dastan.
- Ashik Kerib - Feature Film, filmed by directors David Abashidze and Sergei Parajanov at the Georgia-film studio in 1988.
- Ashik-Kerib - a fairy tale by Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov
- Ashik-Gharib - character of the folk tale Ashik-Gharib
- Ashik-Kerib - performance.
- Ashik-Gharib - opera by Zulfugar Gadzhibekov
- Ashik-Kerib - ballet by V. V. Asafiev.
Ashik Gharib
"Ashik-Gharib"(Also "Ashik-Kerib" or "Ashug-Gharib") - a folk tale widespread in Transcaucasia, Central Asia and the Middle East; lyrical dastan performed by ashugs; epic, which is based on a well-known folklore story.
The work gained wide popularity in the Russian-speaking environment after the Azerbaijani version
Plots borrowed from Azerbaijani oral and musical folklore are also found in Russian art. Thus, the Azerbaijani fairy tale about ashug Gharib was reflected in the works of M. Yu. Lermontov, and folk song“Galanyn dibinde bir dash olaidym” was processed by Glinka in the “Persian March”.
The recording of the Azerbaijani folk dastan "Ashik-Gharib" is one of the examples of Lermontov's great interest in the folklore of the Azerbaijani people.
This “Western” version of the “return of her husband” is directly related to the well-known Azerbaijani story “Ashik-Kerib”, first recorded and translated into Russian in 1837 by M. Yu. Lermontov from a “learned Tatar” in Tbilisi, with the subtitle “Turkish fairy tale".
Long ago, in the city of Tifliz, there lived a wealthy Turk; Allah gave him a lot of gold, but his only daughter Magul-Megeri was more precious than gold: the stars in heaven are good, but angels live behind the stars, and they are even better, so Magul-Megeri was better than all the girls of Tifliz. There was also poor Ashik-Kerib in Tiflis; the prophet gave him nothing but a high heart - and the gift of songs; playing the saaz [balalaika Turkish<кая>] and glorifying the ancient knights of Turkestan, he went to weddings to amuse the rich and happy; - at one wedding he saw Magul-Megeri, and they fell in love with each other. There was little hope for poor Ashik-Kerib to receive her hand - and he became sad, like a winter sky.
Once he was lying in the garden under the vineyard and finally fell asleep; at that time she was walking past Magul-Megeri with her friends; and one of them, seeing the sleeping ashik [balalaika player], fell behind and approached him: “Why are you sleeping under the vineyard,” she sang, “get up, crazy, your gazelle is passing by”; he woke up - the girl fluttered away like a bird; Magul-Megeri heard her song and began to scold her: “If you knew,” she answered, “to whom I sang this song, you would thank me: this is your Ashik-Kerib”; “Take me to him,” said Magul-Megeri; and they went. Seeing his sad face, Magul-Megeri began to question and console him; “How can I not be sad,” answered Ashik-Kerib, “I love you, and you will never be mine.” “Ask my father for my hand,” she said, “and my father will play our wedding with his own money and reward me so much that the two of us will get it.” “Very well,” he answered, “let us assume that Ayan-Aga will not regret anything for her daughter.”<ер>And; but who knows that afterward you will not reproach me for having nothing and owing everything to you; - no, dear Magul-Megeri; I put a vow on my soul; I promise to travel the world for 7 years and make myself rich, or die in distant deserts; if you agree to this, then at the end of the term you will be mine. - She agreed, but added that if he did not return on the appointed day, she would become the wife of Kurshud-bek, who had been wooing her for a long time.
Ashik-Kerib came to his mother; took her blessing on the road, kissed the little sister, hung the bag over his shoulder, leaned on the wanderer's staff and left the city of Tifliz. And then the rider catches up with him, - he looks - this is Kurshud-bek. “Good journey,” the bek shouted to him, “wherever you go, wanderer, I am your comrade”; Ashik was not happy with his comrade - but there was nothing to do; For a long time they walked together, finally they saw a river in front of them. No bridge, no ford; “Swim ahead,” said Kurshud-bek, “I will follow you.” Ashik threw off his outer dress and swam; having crossed, look back - woe! O Almighty Allah! Kurshud-bek, taking his clothes, galloped back to Tiflis, only the dust curled behind him like a snake across the smooth field. Having galloped to Tiflis, the bek carries the dress of Ashik-Kerib to his old mother: “Your son drowned in a deep river,” he says, “here are his clothes”; in inexpressible anguish, the mother fell on the clothes of her beloved son and began to pour hot tears over them; then she took them and carried them to her betrothed daughter-in-law, Magul-Megeri. “My son drowned,” she told her, “Kurshud-bek brought his clothes; you are free". Magul-Megeri smiled and answered: “Do not believe it, these are all Kurshud-bek's inventions; before the expiration of 7 years no one will be my husband”; she took her saaz from the wall and calmly began to sing poor Ashik-Kerib's favorite song.
Meanwhile, a wanderer came barefoot and naked to a certain village; good people clothed him and fed him; for that he sang marvelous songs to them; thus he passed from village to village, from city to city: and his fame spread everywhere. He arrived at last in Khalaf; as usual, he went up to the coffee house, asked for a saaz, and began to sing. At that time, a pasha lived in Khalaf, a great hunter of harlots: many were brought to him - he did not like a single one; his bowls were exhausted, running around the city: suddenly, passing by coffee house, hear amazing voice; they went there: “Come with us to the great pasha,” they shouted, “or you answer us with your head.” “I am a free man, a wanderer from the city of Tifliz,” says Ashik-Kerib; - I want to go, I want not; I sing when I have to, and your pasha is not my boss”; however, despite that, he was seized and brought before the Pasha. "Sing," said the pasha, and he sang. And in this song he praised his dear Magul-Megeri; and the proud pasha liked this song so much that he left poor Ashik-Kerib with him. Silver and gold rained down on him, rich clothes shone on him; Ashik-Kerib began to live happily and cheerfully and became very rich; he forgot his Magul-Megeri or not, I don’t know, only<ко>term has expired Last year was soon to end, but he did not prepare to leave. The beautiful Magul-Megeri began to despair: at that time, one merchant with a kervan from Tifliz was leaving with forty camels and 80 slaves: she calls the merchant to her and gives him a golden dish: “Take this dish,” she says, “and in whatever city you come to, put this dish in your shop and announce everywhere that whoever recognizes my dish as the owner and proves this, will receive it and, in addition, its weight in gold. A merchant set off, everywhere he carried out the instructions of Magul-Megeri, but no one recognized himself as the owner of the golden dish. He had already sold almost all his goods and came with the rest to Khalaf: he announced Magul-Megeri's order everywhere. Hearing this, Ashik-Kerib runs to the caravanserai and sees a golden dish in the shop of a Tiflis merchant. “This is mine,” he said, grabbing it with his hand. “Exactly, yours,” said the merchant: “I recognized you, Ashik-Kerib: go to Tiflis as soon as possible, your Magul-Megeri ordered you to tell you that the term is expiring, and if you don’t show up on the appointed day, then she will marry another »; - in despair, Ashik-Kerib grabbed his head: there were only 3 days left until the fateful hour. However, he mounted a horse, took with him a bag of gold coins - and galloped off, not sparing the horse; Finally, the exhausted runner fell lifeless on Mount Arzingan, which is between Arzinyan and Arzerum. What was he to do: from Arzignan to Tifliz, two months away, and only two days remained. “Allah almighty,” he exclaimed, “if you don’t help me, then I have nothing to do on earth”; and he wants to throw himself from a high cliff; suddenly sees below a man on a white horse; and hears a loud voice: “Oglan, what do you want to do?” “I want to die,” Ashik answered. "Get down here, if so, I'll kill you." Ashik somehow descended from the cliff. “Follow me,” the rider said menacingly; “How can I follow you,” answered Ashik, “your horse flies like the wind, and I am burdened with a bag”; - "Is it true; hang your bag on my saddle and follow”; - Ashik-Kerib lagged behind, no matter how hard he tried to run: “Why are you lagging behind,” the rider asked; "How can I follow you, your horse is faster than thought, and I'm already exhausted." “True, sit on the back of my horse and tell the whole truth, where you need to go.” - “If only I could get to Arzerum this afternoon,” Ashik answered. - "Close your eyes"; he closed. "Now open"; - Ashik looks: the walls are white in front of him and the minarets of Arzrum are shining. “I'm sorry, Aga,” said Ashik, “I made a mistake, I wanted to say that I need to go to Kars”; - “The same,” answered the horseman, “I warned you to tell me the absolute truth; close your eyes again, now open”; - Ashik does not believe himself that this is Kars: he fell to his knees and said: “Guilty, Aha, your servant Ashik-Kerib is guilty three times: but you yourself know that if a person decides to lie in the morning, he must lie until the end of the day : I really need to go to Tiflis. “What an unfaithful you are,” the rider said angrily, “but there is nothing to do: I forgive you: close your eyes. Now open it,” he added after a minute. Ashik cried out with joy: they were at the gates of Tiflis. Bringing his sincere gratitude and taking his bag from the saddle, Ashik-Kerib said to the rider: “Aha, of course, your good deed is great, but do even more; if I now tell you that in one day I arrived from Arzignan to Tiflis, no one will believe me; give me some proof." “Bend down,” he said, smiling, “and take a lump of earth from under the horse’s hoof and put it in your bosom: and then, if they don’t believe the truth of your words, then bring to yourself a blind woman who has been in this position for seven years.” anoint her eyes and she will see.” Ashik took a piece of earth from under the hoof white horse, but as soon as he raised his head, the rider and horse disappeared; then he was convinced in his soul that his patron was none other than Haderiliaz [St. George)].
Long ago, in the city of Tifliz, there lived a wealthy Turk; Allah gave him a lot of gold, but his only daughter Magul-Megeri was more precious than gold: the stars in heaven are good, but angels live behind the stars, and they are even better, so Magul-Megeri was better than all the girls of Tifliz. There was also poor Ashik-Kerib in Tiflis; the prophet gave him nothing but a high heart - and the gift of songs; playing the saaz (Turkish balalaika) and glorifying the ancient heroes of Turkestan, he went to weddings to amuse the rich and happy; - at one wedding he saw Magul-Megeri, and they fell in love with each other. There was little hope for poor Ashik-Kerib to receive her hand - and he became sad, like a winter sky.
Once he was lying in the garden under the vineyard and finally fell asleep; at that time she was walking past Magul-Megeri with her friends; and one of them, seeing a sleeping ashik (balalaika), fell behind and approached him: “Why are you sleeping under the vineyard,” she sang, get up, crazy, your gazelle is passing by”; he woke up - the girl fluttered away like a bird; Magul-Megeri heard her song and began to scold her: “If you knew, answered the one to whom I sang this song, you would thank me: this is your Ashik-Kerib”; - "Take me to him," said Magul-Megeri; - and they went. - Seeing his sad face, Magul-Megeri began to ask and console him; - "How can I not be sad, answered Ashik-Kerib, I love you - and you will never be mine." “Ask my father for my hand,” she said, and my father will arrange our wedding with his own money, and reward me with as much as we can get together. - “Well, he answered, suppose Ayak-Aga will not regret anything for his daughter; but who knows that afterward you will not reproach me for having nothing and owing everything to you; - no, dear Magul-Megeri; I put a vow on my soul; I promise to travel the world for seven years and make myself rich, or perish in distant deserts; if you agree to this, then at the end of the term you will be mine. - She agreed, but added that if he did not return on the appointed day, then she would become the wife of Kurshud-bek, who had been wooing her for a long time.
Ashik-Kerib came to his mother; took her blessing on the road, kissed the little sister, hung the bag over his shoulder, leaned on the wanderer's staff and left the city of Tifliz. - And now the rider is catching up with him, - he looks - this is Kurshud-bek. - “Good journey,” the bek shouted to him, wherever you go, wanderer, I am your comrade”; Ashik was not happy with his comrade - but there was nothing to do; - they walked together for a long time, - finally they saw the river in front of them. No bridge, no ford; - "Swim forward," said Kurshud-bek, "I will follow you." Ashik threw off his outer dress and swam; - having crossed, looking back - woe! O Almighty Allah! Kurshud-bek, taking his clothes, galloped back to Tiflis, only the dust curled behind him like a snake across the smooth field. Having galloped to Tiflis, the bek carries the dress of Ashik-Kerib to his old mother: “Your son drowned in a deep river, he says, here are his clothes”; in inexpressible anguish, the mother fell on the clothes of her beloved son and began to pour hot tears over them; then she took them and carried them to her betrothed daughter-in-law, Magul-Megeri. “My son drowned,” she told her, Kurshud-bek brought his clothes; you are free". - Magul-Megeri smiled and answered: “Do not believe it, these are all Kurshud-bek's inventions; before the expiration of seven years, no one will be my husband”; she took her saaz from the wall and calmly began to sing poor Ashik-Kerib's favorite song.
Meanwhile, a wanderer came barefoot and naked to a certain village; good people clothed him and fed him; for this he sang marvelous songs to them; thus he passed from village to village, from city to city: and his fame spread everywhere. He arrived at last in Khalaf; as usual, he went up to the coffee house, asked for a saaz, and began to sing. At that time, a pasha lived in Khalaf, a great hunter of peselniks; many were brought to him - he did not like a single one; his bowls were exhausted, running around the city: suddenly, passing by a coffee house, they hear an amazing voice; - they go there - "come with us, to the great pasha, they shouted, or you answer us with your head." - “I am a free man, a wanderer from the city of Tifliz,” says Ashik-Kerib; I want to go, I want not; I sing when I have to - and your pasha is not my boss ”; - however, in spite of that, they seized him and brought him to the pasha. - "Sing," said the pasha, and he sang. And in this song he praised his dear Magul-Megeri; and the proud pasha liked this song so much that he left poor Ashik-Kerib with him. Silver and gold rained down on him, rich clothes shone on him; Ashik-Kerib began to live happily and cheerfully and became very rich; whether he forgot his Magul-Megeri or not, I don’t know, only the term was running out, the last year was about to end, and he didn’t prepare to leave. The beautiful Magul-Megeri began to despair: at that time, one merchant with a kervan from Tifliz was leaving with forty camels and 80 slaves: she calls the merchant to her and gives him a golden dish: “Take this dish, she says, and in whatever Whenever you arrive in the city, display this dish in your shop and announce everywhere that whoever recognizes my dish as the owner and proves this, will receive it and, in addition, its weight in gold. A merchant set off, everywhere he carried out the instructions of Magul-Megeri, but no one recognized himself as the owner of the golden dish. - Already he sold almost all his goods and came with the rest to Khalaf: he announced everywhere the order of Magul-Megeri. - Hearing this, Ashik-Kerib runs to the caravanserai: and sees a golden dish in the shop of a Tiflis merchant. "This is mine," he said, grabbing it with his hand. “Exactly, yours,” said the merchant: I recognized you, Ashik-Kerib: go to Tiflis as soon as possible, your Magul-Megeri ordered you to say that the term is expiring, and if you are not on the appointed day, then she will marry someone else ”; - In despair, Ashik-Kerib grabbed his head: there were only three days left before the fateful hour. However, he mounted a horse, took with him a bag of gold coins - and galloped without sparing the horse; Finally, the exhausted runner fell lifeless on Mount Arzingan, which is between Arzinyan and Arzerum. What was he to do: from Arzignan to Tifliz, two months away, and only two days remained. “Allah almighty,” he exclaimed, “if you don’t help me, then I have nothing to do on earth”; and he wants to throw himself from a high cliff; suddenly sees below a man on a white horse; and hears a loud voice: “Oglan, what do you want to do?” - I want to die, answered Ashik; "Get down here, if so, I'll kill you." Ashik somehow descended from the cliff. “Follow me,” the rider said menacingly: “How can I follow you,” answered Ashik, your horse flies like the wind, and I am burdened with a bag; - "Is it true; hang your bag on my saddle and follow": Ashik-Kerib lagged behind, no matter how hard he tried to run: "Why are you lagging behind," the rider asked: "How can I follow you, your horse is faster than thought, and I'm already exhausted . - "True, sit on the back of my horse and tell the whole truth, where you need to go." - If only I could get to Arzerum today, answered Ashik. - "Close your eyes"; he closed: "Now open"; - Ashik looks: the walls turn white in front of him, and the minarets of Arzrum shine. - I'm sorry, Aga, said Ashik, I was mistaken, I wanted to say that I need to go to Kars; - “The same, answered the rider, I warned you to tell me the absolute truth; close your eyes again - now open ”; - Ashik does not believe himself: that this is Kars: he fell to his knees and said: - Guilty, Aha, your servant Ashik-Kerib is guilty three times: but you yourself know that if a person decides to lie in the morning, he must lie to the end day: I really need to go to Tiflis. - “What you are, unfaithful,” the rider said angrily - but there is nothing to do: I forgive you: - close your eyes. Now open it,” he added after a minute. - Ashik cried out with joy: they were at the gates of Tifliz. Bringing his sincere gratitude and taking his bag from the saddle, Ashik-Kerib said to the rider: - Yeah, of course, your good deed is great, but do even more; if I now tell you that in one day I arrived from Arzignan to Tiflis, no one will believe me; give me some proof. - “Bend over,” he said, smiling, and take a lump of earth from under the horse’s hoof and put it in your bosom: and then if they don’t believe the truth of your words, then bring in a blind woman who has been in this position for seven years, - anoint her eyes and she will see.” Ashik took a piece of earth from under the white horse's hoof, but as soon as he raised his head, the rider and the horse disappeared; then he was convinced in his soul that his patron was none other than Haderiliaz (St. George).
Only late in the evening Ashik-Kerib found his house: he knocks on the door with a trembling hand, saying: “Ana, ana (mother), open: I am God's guest: both cold and hungry; I ask, for the sake of your wandering son, let me in. The weak voice of the old woman answered him: “For travelers to sleep there are houses of the rich and strong: now there are weddings in the city - go there; there you can spend the night in pleasure. “Ana,” he answered, “I don’t have anyone I know here, and therefore I repeat my request: for the sake of your wandering son, let me in.” Then his sister says to her mother: "Mother, I will rise and open the door for him." - “Unfit,” answered the old woman; you are glad to receive young people and treat them, because for seven years now I have lost my sight from tears. - But the daughter, not heeding her reproaches, got up, unlocked the doors and let Ashik-Kerib in: saying the usual greeting, he sat down and began to look around with secret excitement: and he sees his sweet-sounding saaz hanging on the wall in a dusty case. And he began to ask his mother: “What is hanging on your wall?” - “You are a curious guest,” she answered, it will also be that they will give you a piece of bread and tomorrow they will let you go with God. - “I already told you,” he objected, that you are my own mother, and this is my sister, and therefore I ask you to explain to me that this is hanging on the wall? - "It's saaz, saaz," the old woman answered angrily, not believing him. - "What does saaz mean?" - "Saaz means: that they play and sing songs on it." - And asks Ashik-Kerib to let her sister take off the saaz and show it to him. - "It is impossible, the old woman answered: this is the saaz of my unfortunate son, for seven years now it has been hanging on the wall, and no living hand has touched it." - But his sister got up, removed the saaz from the wall and gave it to him: then he raised his eyes to the sky and made such a prayer: “O Almighty Allah! if I am to achieve the desired goal, then my seven-string saaz will be as slender as the day I was in last time played on it." - And he struck the brass strings, and the strings spoke in accord; and he began to sing: “I am poor Kerib (beggar) - and my words are poor; but the great Haderiliyaz helped me to descend from the steep cliff, although I am poor and my words are poor. Recognize me, mother, your wanderer. After that, his mother sobbed and asked him: - "What is your name?" - "Rashid" (brave), he answered. “Speak once, listen another time, Rashid,” she said: with your speeches you have cut my heart into pieces. Last night I saw in a dream that the hair on my head turned white, but for seven years now I have been blind from tears; tell me you who have his voice, when will my son come?" - And twice with tears she repeated his request. - In vain he called himself her son, but she did not believe, and after a while he asks: “let me, mother, take a saaz and go, I heard there is a wedding nearby: my sister will see me off; I will sing and play, and whatever I get I will bring here and share with you.” - “I won’t allow it,” the old woman answered; since my son was gone, his saaz has not left the house.” - But he began to swear that he would not damage a single string, “and if at least one the string will break, continued Ashik, then I answer with my property. The old woman felt his bags and, learning that they were filled with coins, let him go; after seeing him to the rich house, where the wedding feast was noisy, the sister remained at the door to listen to what would happen. Magul-Megeri lived in this house, and that night she was to become the wife of Kurshud-bek. Kurshud-bek feasted with relatives and friends, and Magul-Megeri, sitting behind a rich chapra (curtain) with her friends, held a bowl of poison in one hand and a sharp dagger in the other: she vowed to die before she lowered her head on the bed of Kurshud -back. And she hears from behind the chapra that a stranger came who said: “Salaam alaikum: you are having fun and feasting here, so let me, a poor wanderer, sit with you, and for that I will sing you a song.” “Why not?” said Kurshud-bek. Songwriters and dancers should be let in here, because there is a wedding here: - sing something, Ashik (singer), and I will let you go with a full handful of gold.
Then Kurshud-bek asked him: - What is your name, traveler? - "Shindi-gyorursez (soon you will know)". - What kind of name is that, he exclaimed with a laugh. I hear this for the first time! - “When my mother was pregnant with me and was in childbirth, many neighbors came to the door to ask if God had given her a son or daughter: they were answered - shindi-gerursez (you will soon find out). And that's why when I was born, they gave me that name." - After that, he took a saaz and began to sing.
“In the city of Khalaf I drank Misir wine, but God gave me wings, and I flew here in three days.”
Kurshud-bek's brother, a foolish man, drew a dagger, exclaiming: - You are lying; how can one come here from Khalaf in three days? -
“Why do you want to kill me,” said Ashik: singers usually from all four sides gather in one place; and I don't take anything from you, believe me or don't believe me.
Let him continue, - said the groom, and Ashik-Kerib sang again:
“I performed the morning prayer in the Arzignan valley, the midday prayer in the city of Arzrum; before sunset, he performed namaz in the city of Kars, and evening namaz in Tifliz. Allah gave me wings and I flew here; God forbid that I become a victim of a white horse, he galloped quickly, like a dancer on a rope, from the mountain to the gorge, from the gorge to the mountain: Maulyam (the creator) gave Ashik wings, and he flew to the wedding of Magul-Megeri. -
Then Magul-Megeri, recognizing his voice, threw the poison in one direction, and the dagger in the other: - so you kept your oath, her friends said; therefore, tonight you will be the wife of Kurshud-bek. - "You did not recognize, but I recognized the voice dear to me," answered Magul-Megeri; and taking scissors, she cut through the chapra. When she looked and definitely recognized her Ashik-Kerib, she cried out; threw herself on his neck, and both fell unconscious. Kurshud-bek's brother rushed at them with a dagger, intending to stab them both, but Kurshud-bek stopped him, saying: "Calm down and know: what is written on a person's forehead at his birth, he will not escape it."
Coming to her senses, Magul-Megeri blushed with shame, covered her face with her hand and hid behind the chapra. “Now it is clear that you are Ashik-Kerib,” said the groom; but tell me, how could you a short time to travel such a great space?" - As proof of the truth, answered Ashik, my saber will cut through the stone, but if I lie, then let my neck be thinner than a hair; but best of all, bring me a blind woman who has not seen the light of God for seven years, and I will restore her sight. - Sister Ashik-Keriba, who was standing at the door and hearing such a speech, ran to her mother. "Mother! she screamed, it’s like a brother, and like your son Ashik-Kerib, ”and, taking her by the arm, she led the old woman to the wedding feast. Then Ashik took a lump of earth from his bosom, parted it with water and smeared his mother's eyes, saying: “Know all people how powerful and great Hadriliaz is,” and his mother began to see clearly. After that, no one dared to doubt the truth of his words, and Kurshud-bek gave him the silently beautiful Magul-Megeri.
Then, in joy, Ashik-Kerib said to him: “Listen, Kurshud-bek, I will console you: my sister is no worse than your former bride, I am rich: she will have no less silver and gold; so take her for yourself - and be as happy as I am with my dear Magul-Megeri.
The work "Ashik-Kerib" is a Turkish fairy tale, which was written by M. V. Lermontov, being in the first exile in the Caucasus. He was exiled there in 1937 for his fateful poem "The Death of a Poet". He was terribly struck by the senseless death of A. S. Pushkin, and he blamed the whole secular conspiratorial nobility together with Tsar Nicholas I for this. And now, living in the Caucasus among beautiful mountain peaks and rivers, in his free time he is studying local folklore. And it is not at all surprising that he heard ancient legend about the love that the whole Caucasus, the Middle East knew and did not leave him indifferent and inspired him to create this wonderful fairy tale.
"Ashik-Kerib" begins with the fact that once upon a time a very rich Turkish merchant lived in the city of Tiflis. And he had a lot of gold. But his main wealth was his only beautiful daughter named Magul-Megeri.
Once a very poor wanderer Ashik-Kerib saw this beauty and immediately fell in love with her. But he was too poor to count on such a bride. However, he had a large pure heart. He knew how to play the saz and glorified the ancient warriors of Turkestan in his songs.
He had almost no hope of getting the hand of his beloved. And that made him feel very sad. And then one day, when he was sleeping under the vineyard, Magul-Megeri walked by with her cheerful girlfriends. One of her friends jumped up and began to wake up Ashik-Kerib with the words: "It's not time to sleep when your gazelle passes by." The guy immediately woke up. And Magul-Megeri approached him. They started talking. Ashik-Kerib told her about his sadness and love for her, greatly regretting that her father would never marry his beloved daughter to a beggar vagabond. But Magul-Megeri said that her father was very rich and would reward her with gold, which would be enough for two of them. Just let him ask for her hand. But Ashik-Kerib was a proud young man and did not want to be reproached later for having once been poor.
Plot development
He gives his word to Magul-Megeri that for exactly seven years he will travel all over the world and make himself rich, and then he will definitely come for her. And if this does not happen, then he is ready to die in the hot desert of a foreign land. Magul-Megeri had to agree. But she warned him that if he did not return at the appointed time, then she would marry Kurshud-bek, who had been wooing her for a long time.
And then Ashik-Kerib came to his mother, asked her blessings, kissed his sister and left. As he left the city, a horseman overtook him. It was Kurshud-bek, who also wanted to travel with him. However, when they approached the river and Ashik-Kerib, throwing off his clothes, swam to the other side, the cunning Kurshud-bek did not swim after him, but, taking the poor man's clothes, galloped away. He did this in order to show the belongings of Ashik-Kerib Magul-Megeri and his mother and thereby convince them that the young man had drowned. However, the wise Magul-Megeri did not believe his story and still preferred to wait for her lover.
denouement
Meanwhile, the poor wanderer walked through a foreign land and sang to people for a piece of bread. But once in the city of Khalaf he was lucky. When he sang with a sweet voice in the coffee house, glorifying his beautiful Megul-Megeri, he was heard by the great pasha, who was inspired by his singing and invited him to his place. From that moment on, gold and silver rained down on him day after day. He began to live happily and richly. And he probably forgot his Megul-Megeri, or maybe not, but the term was coming to an end, and he was not going on the road. And Magul-Megeri decided to remind herself. She sends a golden dish with a merchant from Tiflis (who had forty camels and 80 slaves) to travel around the eastern cities and parade this dish until its owner is found. And the owner finally found. Ashik-Kerib, seeing the dish, remembered Megul-Megeri and urgently got ready to go. But suddenly he realized that he would not have time, and out of desperation he prayed to Allah and wanted to throw himself off the cliff. But suddenly he saw a wonderful rider on a white horse, who decided to help him and transported him to his native place in time. As it turned out later, it was Haderiliaz himself.
A happy ending
Now, having arrived in Tiflis on time, Ashik-Kerib was concerned that people would not believe him when they learned that he had reached the city in an instant, because even two months would not have been enough for him to get here. Then the rider gave him a lump of earth from under the hooves of his horse and told him to rub the blind woman's eyes with it, and disappeared. When Ashik-Kerib came to his house, and it was already evening, his mother and sister were at home. The mother was blind from tears for her son and has not seen anything for seven years. The women let the wanderer in to spend the night, but did not recognize him as Ashik-Kerib.
Then he asked for his saaz, which hung on the wall. Leaving gold coins as a pledge, he went with him to the wedding. It turns out that Kurshud-bek arranged a wedding feast and is already marrying Magul-Megeri. That night she was to become his wife. But the bride herself was not up to fun. She was sitting at a rich chapra with her friends and holding a dagger in one hand and a bowl of poison in the other. But when the traveler began to sing and began to tell in his songs what he saw, she immediately recognized the voice of her Ashik-Kerib, cut the curtain and rushed to her beloved in her arms. The sister, seeing all these wonderful events, ran and brought her mother. And then Ashik-Kerib, so that everyone would believe his stories, smeared the eyes of the blind mother with earth, she immediately received her sight and recognized her son.
Genre of the work "Ashik-Kerib"
Well, what can be said about all this? The good news is that "Ashik-Kerib" is a fairy tale with happy ending, where the mother again found her son, the sister - her brother, the bride - the groom. And Kurshud-bek Ashik-Kerib offered to marry younger sister Magul-Megeri, who was no less beautiful than the eldest. And in an instant all the heroes of this beautiful fairy tale became happy. fairy tale genre the works of "Ashik-Kerib" already speaks for itself.
Taking this kind of plot as the basis, Lermontov inscribes in it components that are very characteristic of a fairy tale. There are positive and givers and helpers, miracles and adventures. Lermontov retained all the fabulous canons, and it turned out magnificent with a subtle oriental flavor work "Ashik-Kerib". This tale was published after the death of the poet in the collection "Yesterday and Today" by V. A. Sologub in 1846. Then cultural figures became very interested in her. Caucasian peoples. They really liked the easy narrative genre works "Ashik-Kerib", and then it was decided to translate it into different languages: Azerbaijani, Armenian, Georgian, Kabardian and others.
"Ashug-Gharib"
The genre of the work "Ashik-Kerib" is presented as another folklore adaptation by Lermontov folk legends and myths, which he was very fond of at that time. It is likely that it is a kind of Azerbaijani dastan - a special art of telling epic stories. Presumably, "Ashik-Kerib" is a Turkish fairy tale, in any case, this is how the poet himself defined it. And initially, most likely, it had the name "Ashug-Gharib". The word "ashik-ashug" means " folk singer", saaz - musical instrument, but the word "kerib-garib" means "poor wanderer". Mikhail Lermontov turned "Ashik-Kerib" into a wonderful creation of Russian fairy tale literature which posterity still reads to this day.
The popular fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib" was written by Lermontov in exile in the Caucasus in 1837. Any reader will be very interested to know what is the main idea of the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib". Indeed, in the eastern countries, the story about Ashik-Keriba was very common. The brilliant poet also could not help but pay attention to her, since at that time he was very fond of folk tales, myths and legends. Soon he presented it in his own folklore processing. And now, in order to better understand what the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib" teaches, let's start with a completely different one.
Eastern story
M. Yu. Lermontov, as gifted with an outstanding literary talent a person who has always been interested in heterogeneous language flows and cultural traditions. And on the example of the analysis of the poem "Demon" you can see that it was written in the genre of "oriental story", where central character is a demon.
In Christianity, the demon is Satan, the devil or fallen angel, which takes a position of complete opposition to God (Allah). Therefore, the poem focuses on the dualistic perception of the world, where the human soul is presented as an arena for the struggle between good and evil. The humanized romantic image of the demon traditionally has a philosophical correspondence to all this struggle in the Muslim understanding, which, for its part, influenced the Russian and European literary culture.
In the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib" one of the facets of the poet's tragic romanticism (struggle in verse) emerges. Lermontov, anticipating Dostoevsky, was very deeply imbued with the antithesis between a person’s dream of happiness and unhappiness in real everyday life, between the beauty of life, sublime love and the unity of people with the reality of the ugliness of the face of a cruel modern world.
Muslim motives
Muslim motifs in the work of Mikhail Yuryevich can be placed in a certain philosophical and symbolic complex, in which, on the one hand, a generalized ideological meaning is manifested, for example, in such basic concepts as "East", "book", "fate", "wandering" . On the other hand, one can also observe specific elements of poetic allegory, characteristic of the entire work of the poet Lermontov. These are heaven, earth, paths and games. Examples are the Turkish fairy tale by M. Yu. Lermontov "Ashik-Kerib", poems and poems "Dagger", "Spaniards", "Complaints of the Turk", "Dispute", "Hadji Abrek", "Aul Bastunji", "Two Slaves".
Genre of the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib"
On the example of this Turkish fairy tale, one can consider in detail the Muslim components. What is the main idea of the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib"? Its compositional scheme is based on traditional for the Middle East and Central Asia motifs such as promises. eternal love and violation of their performance in connection with tragic circumstances, as well as magic, wandering, dressing up, recognition and return.
And therefore, in Russian literature, this work functions as one of the stylized works, so to speak, “under the East” with a characteristic style, designations and names, for example, ana - mother, aha - master, gyorursez - you will know, saaz - balalaika, or on the example of exclamations like "O Almighty Allah!" etc. In this case, the eastern elements do not form an independent systemic structure, with the help of which one can enter the philosophical and symbolic space.
the main idea fairy tales "Ashik-Kerib" - the love of Ashik-Kerib and Magul-Megeri, which unfolds with a narrative sequence inherent in the foundations of the classical poetry of the peoples of the East. Interestingly, such compositional schemes in Western literary criticism were perceived only as primitive. And all because they do not describe in detail the languor and suffering of love and do not focus on the conscious intensification of the imagination, which acts to enliven the images of the beloved. Such a view of this work makes love story too simplified.
"Ashik-Kerib": the main idea of the tale
The main character is Ashik-Kerib. Not wanting to be financially dependent, he goes to distant lands for seven years to earn money and arrange a wedding with Magul-Megeri, the daughter of a wealthy Turkish merchant. It is immediately felt that love in the text is presented as a given, and there is no more dynamics until the very end.
In the continuation of the plot, having said goodbye, the heroes in love agree that if Ashik-Kerib does not return after seven years, then Magul-Megeri will marry another. But after some time, the wealthy Ashik suddenly forgets about his promise, and only a reminder in the form of a golden dish, sent to his beloved through a familiar merchant, makes him set off, but there is no time. Miraculously, a mystical rider on a white horse helps him get home and reunite with his beloved.
Analysis
In most cases, folk stories Muslim world, regardless of the date and place of origin, have their own philosophical and religious codes, which open hidden meaning text. The main idea of the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib" is not a description of life and development love line, and in the mystical movement of the hero and detailed description his return.
When deciphering the text of the work, it turns out that when a person is born in this world, then, as it were, sets off on a journey. Thus, for a while, he parted with a single world soul. The world for a person in this case is the path with all its trials and obstacles.
And here is the most important and most difficult test, what the fairy tale "Ashik-Kerib" teaches - one day to remember the world for which this whole path was started, and where it begins and ends.
And, of course, a person is not left on this path. The “High Judge” places his signs along the entire path, which will contribute to remembrance, this is both the sending of the prophets and the insight that is given to poets and musicians. Remember everything, return with your soul and thereby receive a new test and new miracles as a reward.
Love in a fairy tale is the main driving force. Every person in Islam garip is a stranger, who is largely determined by his moral purity and observance of religious requirements, and whoever kept the "covenant" will return with all honors. Ashik-Kerib did not skip prayers and honored all the centuries-old Islamic traditions. Thanks to his purity, he received miracles - a meeting with Haderiliyaz (George the Victorious), healing from his mother's blindness, which was meant as spiritual blindness.
Wisdom of the world order
It turned out quite difficult main character Ashik-Kerib. The main idea of the tale is that with the help of collective image in the form of a Qur'anic sage, the idea of dual existence (explicit and hidden) and the deep wisdom of the world order are emphasized. What may turn out to be evil at some stage for a person, then will turn into a great blessing for him. So in the fairy tale, the forced wandering of Ashik-Kerib, the insidiousness of Kurshud-Bek and the blindness of the mother subsequently turned into a triumph of justice, which was realized through a happy coincidence and the appearance of a wonderful messenger. Significant were the words of the enemy Kurshud-Bek, who stopped his brother, who rushed with a dagger at the united lovers. He said: “Calm down immediately and know that on the forehead of a person at birth is already written what he will not pass ...”
