Three met. To the question "Where do you work?" the answer was:
In a sharashka, at the Research Institute of Light Industry.
- In a sharashka, a friend and a friend opened it. We sell, we buy, we exchange.
- In a sharashka, five years in a camp on Far East came up with a new engine for the tank.
Everyone has their own sharashka, and all three have taken place in our lives.
When did the expression "sharashkin office" appear?
There are three versions here. The first will send us to the beginning of the 20th century.
New economic policy- The NEP gave the citizens of the country of the Soviets the opportunity to engage in private business. Baths, cafes, hairdressers, fashion ateliers, shoe shops were opened in many. Simultaneously with very the right people enterprises, like mushrooms after rain, various offices began to multiply. Remember this one in the immortal novel by Ilf and Petrov? Nobody knew what Horns and Hooves were doing, but the money flowed like a river.
Who organized such sharashkin offices?
The police had an unequivocal answer to this question - crooks of all stripes. In a decent society they were called "sharash", and the common people, without ceremony, used the word "trash". Everyone agreed that these offices were opened by all sorts of crooks, who had no honor or conscience behind their souls. Not only do they open, but the same dishonest people work there. So, doing business with such offices is a big risk. They will cheat, ruin and let them go naked around the world.
Long gone are the days of the New Economic Policy, and the experience of opening sharashkin offices was not in vain. From time to time they reopen, constantly improving the techniques and methods of collecting easy money from gullible citizens. Either they sell dietary supplements under the guise of a panacea, or they sell miracle devices for water purification to people, or they cure all ailments and even cancer with salt dressings.
Stalin's Sharashkas
The second version tells about them. The first wave of repression spared a little for design engineers and scientists, but the second wave washed away the whole color of science into the camps. Those who did not commit suicide from despair and did not die of exhaustion, it was decided to "use for its intended purpose." It was a sin to simply destroy such minds, let them bring benefits. Yes, and it’s convenient: you don’t need to pay, you also need to provide a car and an apartment. Humiliated and discouraged, these people will work for a plate of "skinny" gruel and for the illusory hope of someday being released and rehabilitated.
The corresponding Decree was issued in February 1930, although the first sharashkas started working as early as 1938. Authorities received a detailed circular on May 15. the main task- with great efficiency military industry use enemies of the people and pests. Moreover, it was necessary to do it only in the premises of the OGPU, that is, in places of serving sentences.
The organs of the OGPU immediately set about organizing sharashkas behind barbed wire. Design bureaus and even large research institutes were opened, in which great benefit the brightest heads of the country worked for the state. Three years before the war, the Department of Special Design Bureaus was created, which in the same year, 1938, was renamed the 4th Department of the Special Department.
Until the death of Stalin in 1953, these sharashkas created engines for marine vessels, aircraft engines, new military aircraft and tanks, artillery shells and worked on the creation chemical weapons. From the end of 1944, German prisoners of war appeared in these design bureaus - engineers and designers.
Reference: in sharashka behind barbed wire were created:
- in 1930 - the I-5 fighter (TsKB-39, project manager - Polikarpov N.G.);
- in 1931 - the Felix Dzerzhinsky steam locomotive of increased payload (TB OGPU);
- in 1938 - the DVB-102 bomber, flying on high altitudes(TsKB-29, project manager - Myasishchev V.M.);
- in 1939 - dive bomber Pe-2 (TsKB-29, project manager - V. M. Petlyakov);
- in 1941 - front-line bomber Tu-2 (TsKB-29, project manager - Tupolev A.N.);
- in 1942-1943, auxiliary aviation LREs RD-1, RD-2, RD-3 from the special department of the NKVD, supervising the sharashka at Kazan Plant No. 16, were delivered to the front (project manager - Glushko V.P.)
There was also a 152 mm artillery system and a 75 mm regimental gun. Yes, a lot of other things the prisoners who worked in sharashkas managed to turn out for the army. Here about them, as about loafers and rogues, no one would turn their tongue to say.
Research Institute - also a sharashka?
The third version will tell about all kinds of research institutes, that is, research institutes. Different people worked there, there were many talented engineers. But there were a lot of “idle people” too. There is no talent, perseverance and the desire to learn something are also completely absent. Having received a distribution at the research institute after the institute, these young specialists wiped their pants there for many years. Because of them, many design institutes sometimes jokingly, sometimes seriously, they were also called sharashkas. In this case, the analogy with the Horns and Hooves offices worked.
Which is correct - sharashka or sharashka?
Linguists allow both spellings. If the word was formed from a sharaga, then we write “sharazhka”, that is, there is an alternation of the consonants G and Zh at the root. If we meant some swindlers Sharashkins - the pioneers of such offices, then we write "sharashka".
The expression that we will analyze today is almost slang or jargon. But nevertheless, it justifiably arouses a certain interest among people. We are talking about the phraseological unit "sharashkin office". Consider the origin and main situations of use.
Etymology
According to the dictionary (or rather, some hypotheses from it), "Sharashkin's factory (office)" has a pronounced negative character. Of course, without a doubt, the expression is used primarily in colloquial speech.
Regarding the origin, a hypothesis is put forward that the phraseological unit is formed from dialectism - “sharash”, i.e. crook, scum, trash.
Compare also the verbs "to stun" - to stun, "to shy away" - to hit. Such is the tentative etymology of the phrase "sharashkin office". The meaning of the phraseological unit follows.
Meaning
Knowing the etymology, it is not difficult to understand the meaning. If "sharash" is a crook, then a sharashkin's factory (or office) is an organization of bandits or a criminal organization, a bunch of crooks and swindlers. There are even several variations of the phraseologism among the people: “sharash-montazh” and “sharaga”.
There is one unscientific phenomenon in colloquial speech: when an expression takes root in the language, they try to reduce it as much as possible in order to speak in one breath. For example, the cumbersome word "video recorder" has turned into a simple "video recorder". This happened just at the time when the "vidik" became an indispensable attribute of any Russian apartment (or almost any).
The same can be said about the expression "sharashkin office" - that's enough close ancestor"sharags". But enough theory, let's move on to practice.
"Sharashkin offices" in sports
There are several interpretations here. For example, football: here the meaning of the expression shifts a little. In football, a “sharashka office” can be called a weak club that trains players mainly for sale, for import, so to speak.
But an important note: the well-known football club Porto in this regard is not a “sharashka office”. Although he sells half a team every season to different, more eminent clubs, he does not allow himself to lower the bar of his achievements.
In this context, the expression "sharashkin office" has the following meaning: something that does not meet a certain standard or level. As can be seen from this example, here already "sharaga" has nothing to do with swindlers and swindlers.
In general, when they talk about a football club (any), that it is a “sharashka factory”, i.e. a forge of personnel for other teams, then such assessments are more of an emotional nature than reflect the actual state of affairs. AT different time this epithet could characterize the policy of the London "Arsenal", the Moscow "CSKA" and others no less famous clubs, but not the monsters of European football. The latter usually collect all the cream.
Bets
Another meaning of the phrase “sharashkin office” (football still occupies us), which concerns sports. So, for example, they talk about a bookmaker that is not too honest, according to users. Its management can, for example, underestimate the odds on bets and perform other tricks. Of course, such a policy is not very profitable, because the outflow of bettors will begin, but some people believe that they are smarter than the rest.
As can be seen from the previous example, when it comes to rates, people return in their assessments to the original, classic interpretation of the phraseologism "sharashkin office" - that is, the organization of crooks. In fairness, it must be said that people playing the totalizator are not always objective in their assessments.
Commercial universities as "sharashka offices"
Here again we have to say that the phrase considered in the article is moving away from its original meaning and only says that commercial universities lose as education to state ones.
Of course, such a meaning is not invested here (at least directly) that such "sharashka offices" do not, for example, have a license. Although, everything happened. But here we mean only such parameters as "demanding" - it, according to people, is reduced in commercial educational institutions compared with state universities. It seems the meaning is clear.
Such fabrications and names, of course, have the right to exist, but here they are judged indiscriminately and in general such an approach is usually false.
The educational boom and the phenomenon of "sharashka offices"
In defense of commercial universities, it is worth saying that they responded (and still do) to a certain request of society. Agree that in our society there is such a trend "to have higher education". When you read any, even the janitor must be educated. Of course, this is slightly absurd, but such is our social reality.
Therefore, there were "universities" that, in terms of quality, did not have enough stars from the sky, but satisfied the population's need for the coveted "crust" of higher education.
Yes, in the 2000s of the 21st century, it happened that such institutions went bankrupt. Some of them even had not-so-pleasant stories associated with them.
V.V. Mayakovsky wrote, “After all, if the stars are lit, it means that someone needs it?” Here is the same story with commercial universities. If they exist, then someone is interested in them, and they benefit not only their owners-holders, but also people. The provision of educational services (now it is called so) is a socially responsible and oriented business, therefore it depends on the needs and needs of society.
Many, even students studying in such institutions, speak of commercial universities disparagingly, using the expression "sharashka's office." Although if not for her, they would have no hope of getting a higher education at all. Commercial universities can be viewed as a kind of modern "workers' faculty" (workers' faculty). It was possible to enter the labor faculty if you pass the exams for "3". At the same time, whoever wanted to study, he became, having passed the workers' faculty, a real professional.
In defense of the "sharashkin offices"
If we ignore the original meaning, then we must admit that the phraseological unit that is not always considered can be regarded as an insult. In the traditional sense, the expression "sharashkin office" means a cluster of crooks and dishonorable people, but now, as shown above, there are some variations in the meaning of this phraseological unit.
And sometimes, if someone calls a human business a "sharashka office", he is simply jealous of the fact that it is very tenacious.
Often we pronounce well-established phrases without delving into their meaning. Why, for example, do they say “goal like a falcon”? Who is a "smoker"? Why, finally, do they bring water to the offended? We will reveal hidden meaning these expressions.
Hot spot
The expression "hot spot" is found in the Orthodox prayer for the dead ("... in a hot place, in a resting place ..."). So in the texts in the Church Slavonic language is called paradise.
The meaning of this expression was ironically rethought by the raznochintsy-democratic intelligentsia of the time of Alexander Pushkin.
The language game was that our climate does not allow growing grapes, therefore in Rus' intoxicating drinks were produced mainly from cereals (beer, vodka). In other words, green means a drunken place.
They carry water on the offended
There are several versions of the origin of this saying, but the most plausible seems to be the one connected with the history of St. Petersburg water carriers. The price of imported water in the 19th century was about 7 kopecks of silver per year, and of course there were always greedy merchants who inflated the price in order to cash in. For this illegal act, such unfortunate entrepreneurs were deprived of a horse and forced to carry barrels in a cart on themselves.
shabby look
This expression appeared under Peter I and was associated with the name of the merchant Zatrapeznikov, whose Yaroslavl linen manufactory produced both silk and wool, which were in no way inferior in quality to the products of foreign factories. In addition, the manufactory also made very, very cheap hemp striped fabric - mottled, "shabby" (rough to the touch), which went to mattresses, bloomers, sundresses, women's headscarves, work dressing gowns and shirts.
And if for rich people such a dressing gown was home clothes, then among the poor, things from shabby clothes were considered clothes "to go out." shabby look talking about low social status person.
Sith friend
It is believed that a friend is so called by analogy with sieve bread, usually wheat. For the preparation of such bread, flour is used much finer grinding than in rye. To remove impurities from it and make the culinary product more “airy”, not a sieve is used, but a device with a smaller cell - a sieve. Therefore, the bread was called sieve. It was quite expensive, was considered a symbol of prosperity and was put on the table to treat the dearest guests.
The word "sitny" in relation to a friend means the "highest standard" of friendship. Of course, this turnover is sometimes used in an ironic tone.
7 Fridays in a week
In the old days, Friday was a market day, on which it was customary to fulfill various trade obligations. On Friday, the goods were received, and the money for it was agreed to be given on the next market day (on Friday of the next week). Those who broke such promises were said to have seven Fridays a week.
But this is not the only explanation! Friday was considered to be a free day from work before, therefore, a loafer was characterized by a similar phrase, for whom every day is a day off.
Where Makar did not drive calves
One of the versions of the origin of this saying is as follows: Peter I was on a working trip to Ryazan land and communicated with the people in an “informal setting”. It so happened that all the men he met on the way called themselves Makars. The king was very surprised at first, and then said: “From now on, all of you will be Makar!” Allegedly since then, “Makar” has become collectively the Russian peasant and all peasants (not only Ryazan) began to be called Makars.
Sharashkin's office
Own strange name office received from dialect word"sharan" ("trash", "bad", "rogue"). In the old days, this was the name given to a dubious association of swindlers and deceivers, but today it is simply an "undignified, unreliable" organization.
Not by washing, so by skating
In the old days, skilled laundresses knew that well-rolled linen would be fresh, even if the wash was not done brilliantly at all. Therefore, having sinned in washing, they achieved the desired impression “not by washing, but by rolling.”
Goal like a falcon
“Goal like a falcon,” we say about extreme poverty. But this proverb has nothing to do with birds. Although ornithologists say that falcons really lose their feathers during molting and become almost naked!
"Falcon" in the old days in Rus' was called a ram, a tool made of iron or wood in the form of a cylinder. It was hung on chains and swung, thus breaking through the walls and gates of the enemy's fortresses. The surface of this weapon was even and smooth, simply speaking, bare.
The word “falcon” in those days was used to refer to cylindrical tools: iron scrap, a pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc. Sokolov in Rus' was actively used before the advent of firearms at the end of the fifteenth century.
Alive smoking room
"Smoking room is alive!" - an expression from the old Russian children's game "Smoking Room". The rules were simple: the participants sat in a circle and passed a burning torch to each other, saying: “The smoking room is alive, alive! Thin legs, short soul. The one in whose hands the torch was extinguished left the circle. It turns out that the "smoking room" is not a person at all, as one might think, but a burning chip of which in the old days they illuminated the hut. She barely burned and smoked, as they said then "smoked".
Alexander Pushkin did not miss the chance to exploit this linguistic ambiguity in his epigram to the critic and journalist Mikhail Kachenovsky:
As! Is the Kurilka journalist still alive?
- Lively! still dry and boring
And rude, and stupid, and tormented by envy,
Everything squeezes into its obscene sheet
Both the old nonsense and the new nonsense.
- Ugh! Tired of the Kurilka journalist!
How to put out a smelly splinter?
How to kill my smoking room?
Give me advice. - Yes ... spit on him.
Drunk in zyuzyu
We find this expression in Alexander Pushkin, in the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin", when we are talking about Lensky's neighbor - Zaretsky:
Falling off a Kalmyk horse,
Like a drunk zyuzya, and the French
Got captured...
The fact is that in the Pskov region, where Pushkin long time was in exile, "zyuzey" is called a pig. In general, “drunk like a zyuzya” is an analogue of the colloquial expression “drunk like a pig.”
Sharing the skin of an unkilled bear
It is noteworthy that back in the 30s of the 20th century it was customary in Russia to say: “Sell the skin of an unkilled bear.” This version of the expression seems closer to the original source, and more logical, because there is no benefit from the “divided” skin, it is valued only when it remains intact. Primary source - the fable "The Bear and Two Comrades" French poet and the fabulist Jean La Fontaine (1621-1695).
dusty story
In the 16th century, during fisticuffs, dishonest fighters took sandbags with them, and at the decisive moment of the fight they threw it into the eyes of their rivals. In 1726, this technique was banned by a special decree. At present, the expression "show off" is used in the sense of "create a false impression of one's capabilities."
Promised three years waiting
According to one version - a reference to the text from the Bible, to the book of the prophet Daniel. It says: “Blessed is he who waits and reaches a thousand and thirty-five days,” that is, three years and 240 days. The biblical call to patient waiting was jokingly rethought by the people, because the whole proverb sounds like this: “The promised three years are expected, and the fourth is denied.”
Retired goat drummer
In the old days, among wandering troupes, the main actor was a learned, trained bear, followed by a “goat” dressed up with a goat skin on its head, and only behind the “goat” was a drummer. His task was to beat a homemade drum, calling the audience. Surviving by odd jobs or handouts is rather unpleasant, and here also the “goat” is not real, retired.
leavened patriotism
The expression was introduced into speech by Peter Vyazemsky. Under leavened patriotism is understood as a blind adherence to obsolete and ridiculous "traditions" national life and peremptory rejection of someone else's, foreign, "not ours."
Good riddance
In one of Ivan Aksakov's poems, one can read about the road, which is "straight, like an arrow, with a wide smooth surface that the tablecloth lay down." So in Rus' they saw off long way, and no bad meaning was invested in them. This original meaning of the phraseologism is present in explanatory dictionary Ozhegov. But it is also said there that modern language the expression has the opposite meaning: "An expression of indifference to someone's departure, departure, as well as a wish to get out, anywhere." An excellent example of how ironically stable etiquette forms are rethought in the language!
Scream all over Ivanovskaya
In the old days, the square in the Kremlin, where the bell tower of Ivan the Great stands, was called Ivanovskaya. On this square, clerks announced decrees, orders and other documents relating to the inhabitants of Moscow and all the peoples of Russia. So that everyone could hear well, the clerk read very loudly, shouted all over Ivanovskaya.
to crack a man
The expression to crack a man came to us from those times when there were coins from precious metals. Their authenticity was checked by a tooth: if there is no dent, the coin is real.
pull the gimp
What is a gimp and why should it be pulled? This is a copper, silver or gold thread used in gold embroidery for embroidering patterns on clothes and carpets. Such a thin thread was made by drawing - repeatedly rolling and drawing through ever smaller holes. Pulling the gimp was a very painstaking task, requiring a lot of time and patience. In our language, the expression to pull the gimp is fixed in its figurative meaning - to do something long, tedious, the result of which is not immediately visible.
dance from the stove
To dance from the stove means to act according to an approved plan once and for all, without using any of your knowledge and ingenuity. This expression became famous thanks to the Russian writer XIX century Vasily Sleptsov and his book " Good man". This is the story of Sergei Terebenev, who returned to Russia after a long absence. The return awakened childhood memories in him, the most vivid of which are dance lessons.
Here, he stands by the stove, legs in third position. Parents, yard servants are nearby and watch his progress. The teacher gives the command: "One, two, three." Seryozha begins to make the first “pas”, but suddenly he loses time, his legs tangle.
- Oh, what are you, brother! - Father says reproachfully. “Well, go about five to the stove, start over.”
Often we pronounce well-established phrases without delving into their meaning. Why, for example, do they say “goal like a falcon”? Who is a "smoker"? Why, finally, do they bring water to the offended? We will reveal the hidden meaning of these expressions.
Hot spot
The expression "hot spot" is found in the Orthodox prayer for the dead ("... in a hot place, in a resting place ..."). So in the texts in the Church Slavonic language is called paradise.
The meaning of this expression was ironically rethought by the raznochintsy-democratic intelligentsia of the time of Alexander Pushkin. The language game was that our climate does not allow growing grapes, therefore in Rus' intoxicating drinks were produced mainly from cereals (beer, vodka). In other words, green means a drunken place.
They carry water on the offended
There are several versions of the origin of this saying, but the most plausible seems to be the one connected with the history of St. Petersburg water carriers. The price of imported water in the 19th century was about 7 kopecks of silver per year, and of course there were always greedy merchants who inflated the price in order to cash in. For this illegal act, such unfortunate entrepreneurs were deprived of a horse and forced to carry barrels in a cart on themselves.
shabby look
This expression appeared under Peter I and was associated with the name of the merchant Zatrapeznikov, whose Yaroslavl linen manufactory produced both silk and wool, which were in no way inferior in quality to the products of foreign factories. In addition, the manufactory also made very, very cheap hemp striped fabric - mottled, "shabby" (rough to the touch), which went to mattresses, bloomers, sundresses, women's headscarves, work dressing gowns and shirts.
And if for rich people such a dressing gown was home clothes, then for the poor, things from shabby clothes were considered “going out” clothes. The shabby appearance spoke of the low social status of a person.
Sith friend
It is believed that a friend is so called by analogy with sieve bread, usually wheat. For the preparation of such bread, flour is used much finer grinding than in rye. To remove impurities from it and make the culinary product more “airy”, not a sieve is used, but a device with a smaller cell - a sieve. Therefore, the bread was called sieve. It was quite expensive, was considered a symbol of prosperity and was put on the table to treat the dearest guests.
The word "sitny" in relation to a friend means the "highest standard" of friendship. Of course, this turnover is sometimes used in an ironic tone.
7 Fridays in a week
In the old days, Friday was a market day, on which it was customary to fulfill various trade obligations. On Friday, the goods were received, and the money for it was agreed to be given on the next market day (on Friday of the next week). Those who broke such promises were said to have seven Fridays a week.
But this is not the only explanation! Friday was considered to be a free day from work before, therefore, a loafer was characterized by a similar phrase, for whom every day is a day off.
Where Makar did not drive calves
One of the versions of the origin of this saying is as follows: Peter I was on a working trip to Ryazan land and communicated with the people in an “informal setting”. It so happened that all the men he met on the way called themselves Makars. At first, the tsar was very surprised, and then said: “From now on, you should all be Makars!” Allegedly, since then, “Makar” has become a collective image of the Russian peasant and all peasants (not only Ryazan) began to be called Makars.
Sharashkin's office
The office got its strange name from the dialect word “sharan” (“trash”, “bad”, “rogue”). In the old days, this was the name given to a dubious association of swindlers and deceivers, but today it is simply an "undignified, unreliable" organization.
Not by washing, so by skating
In the old days, skilled laundresses knew that well-rolled linen would be fresh, even if the wash was not done brilliantly at all. Therefore, having sinned in washing, they achieved the desired impression “not by washing, but by rolling.”
Goal like a falcon
“Goal like a falcon,” we say about extreme poverty. But this proverb has nothing to do with birds. Although ornithologists say that falcons really lose their feathers during molting and become almost naked!
"Falcon" in the old days in Rus' was called a ram, a tool made of iron or wood in the form of a cylinder. It was hung on chains and swung, thus breaking through the walls and gates of the enemy's fortresses. The surface of this weapon was even and smooth, simply speaking, bare.
The word “falcon” in those days was used to refer to cylindrical tools: iron scrap, a pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc. Sokolov was actively used in Rus' until the advent of firearms at the end of the 15th century.
Alive smoking room
"Smoking room is alive!" - an expression from the old Russian children's game "Smoking Room". The rules were simple: the participants sat in a circle and passed a burning torch to each other, saying: “The smoking room is alive, alive! Thin legs, short soul. The one in whose hands the torch was extinguished left the circle. It turns out that the "smoking room" is not a person at all, as one might think, but a burning chip of which in the old days they illuminated the hut. She barely burned and smoked, as they said then "smoked".
Alexander Pushkin did not miss the chance to exploit this linguistic ambiguity in his epigram to the critic and journalist Mikhail Kachenovsky:
- As! Is the Kurilka journalist still alive?
- Lively! still dry and boring
And rude, and stupid, and tormented by envy,
Everything squeezes into its obscene sheet
Both the old nonsense and the new nonsense.
- Ugh! Tired of the Kurilka journalist!
How to put out a smelly splinter?
How to kill my smoking room?
Give me advice. - Yes ... spit on him.
Drunk in zyuzyu
We find this expression in Alexander Pushkin, in the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin", when it comes to Lensky's neighbor - Zaretsky:
Falling off a Kalmyk horse,
Like a drunk zyuzya, and the French
Got captured...
The fact is that in the Pskov region, where Pushkin was in exile for a long time, "zyuzey" is called a pig. In general, “drunk like a zyuzya” is an analogue of the colloquial expression “drunk like a pig.”
Sharing the skin of an unkilled bear
It is noteworthy that back in the 30s of the 20th century it was customary in Russia to say: “Sell the skin of an unkilled bear.” This version of the expression seems closer to the original source, and more logical, because there is no benefit from the “divided” skin, it is valued only when it remains intact. The original source is the fable "The Bear and Two Comrades" by the French poet and fabulist Jean La Fontaine (1621-1695).
dusty story
In the 16th century, during fisticuffs, dishonest fighters took sandbags with them, and at the decisive moment of the fight they threw it into the eyes of their rivals. In 1726, this technique was banned by a special decree. At present, the expression "show off" is used in the sense of "create a false impression of one's capabilities."
Promised three years waiting
According to one version - a reference to the text from the Bible, to the book of the prophet Daniel. It says: “Blessed is he who waits and reaches a thousand and thirty-five days,” that is, three years and 240 days. The biblical call to patient waiting was jokingly rethought by the people, because the whole proverb sounds like this: “The promised three years are expected, and the fourth is denied.”
Retired goat drummer
In the old days, among wandering troupes, the main actor was a learned, trained bear, followed by a “goat” dressed up with a goat skin on its head, and only behind the “goat” was a drummer. His task was to beat a homemade drum, calling the audience. Surviving by odd jobs or handouts is rather unpleasant, and here also the “goat” is not real, retired.
leavened patriotism
The expression was introduced into speech by Peter Vyazemsky. Leavened patriotism is understood as a blind adherence to obsolete and ridiculous "traditions" of national life and peremptory rejection of someone else's, foreign, "not ours."
Good riddance
In one of Ivan Aksakov's poems, one can read about the road, which is "straight, like an arrow, with a wide smooth surface that the tablecloth lay down." So in Rus' they saw off on a long journey, and they did not put any bad meaning into them. This initial meaning of the phraseological unit is present in the Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov. But it is also said there that in the modern language the expression has the opposite meaning: "An expression of indifference to someone's departure, departure, as well as a wish to get out, anywhere." An excellent example of how ironically stable etiquette forms are rethought in the language!
Scream all over Ivanovskaya
In the old days, the square in the Kremlin, where the bell tower of Ivan the Great stands, was called Ivanovskaya. On this square, clerks announced decrees, orders and other documents relating to the inhabitants of Moscow and all the peoples of Russia. So that everyone could hear well, the clerk read very loudly, shouted all over Ivanovskaya.
dance from the stove
To dance from the stove means to act according to an approved plan once and for all, without using any of your knowledge and ingenuity. This expression became famous thanks to the 19th century Russian writer Vasily Sleptsov and his book The Good Man. This is the story of Sergei Terebenev, who returned to Russia after a long absence. The return awakened childhood memories in him, the most vivid of which are dance lessons.
Here, he stands by the stove, legs in third position. Parents, yard servants are nearby and watch his progress. The teacher gives the command: "One, two, three." Seryozha begins to make the first “pas”, but suddenly he loses time, his legs tangle.
- Oh, what are you, brother! - Father says reproachfully. “Well, go about five to the stove, start over.”
And again, an expression from life - many people use it, but not many people know where it comes from. When we say “sharashka’s office”, we mean some kind of enterprise, a company that does not understand what and why, and is clearly of a fraudulent nature, an accumulation of crooks, so to speak. In general, an ironic and obviously negative expression. “Where did Vasya find a job? - Yes, in some kind of sharashka office, understand what the hell.
Among the people, in addition to, in fact, this expression itself, “sharash-montage” close to it in meaning is used (usually applied to suspicious construction organizations) and simply “sharaga”, applied to poorly organized and shabby offices. For example, in my youth, a student hostel was called “sharaga”.
Where did it come from, this expression?
The fact is that in the old Russian dialect the word "sharash" meant crooks, deceivers, beggars, even robbers. For example, from him, from this word, such concepts as “stupefy” - that is, stun and “shy away” - hit. I think it's completely understandable why. So it turns out that the “sharashkin office” is a bunch of these same crooks, and the office itself does not inspire confidence.
In addition to this, the most commonly used meaning of the expression "sharashkin office", there is still not so often used, but also related word- "sharashka". And here the meaning is completely different. More precisely, not quite different, but having a clearly different connotation - respect and sometimes even admiration. For example: “- Yes, my dad in a sharashka worked for Korolev! - Gosha! Are you lying?"
The explanation is this - under Stalin, talented scientists and engineers convicted of various offenses could quickly atone for their guilt by shock work for the state. Research teams were created from such people, placed in separate buildings or groups of buildings, and they worked there, under appropriate protection and / or with an appropriate secrecy regime. It was these offices that were called "special design bureaus", and in jargon - "sharashki".
P.S. Somewhere I met a stubborn version that, they say, during the NEP, when they began to appear, like mushrooms after rain, small individual shops and desks created by ordinary people, the state treated them against the backdrop of giant collective construction projects as zilch. Like a trifle not significant. And she called them "sharashkin offices", from the typical surname of a small trader - Sharashkin. That is, like the "Ivanovskaya office", or "Sidorovskaya". So - this is garbage, not a version.
Where did the expression "sharashkin office" come from? updated: July 7, 2017 by: Roman Gvozdikov
