They don't have a soul in their chest
They have no conscience in their eyes.
N. Nekrasov. Who lives well in Rus'
The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is the final work of N. A. Nekrasov. In it, the poet fully and comprehensively shows the life of the Russian people in grief and in “happiness”.
You work alone, And as soon as the work is over, Look, there are three equity holders: God, the king and the master!
The landowner Obolt-Obolduev, whom the seekers of happiness meet on the way, is “a gentleman round, mustachioed, pot-bellied ... ruddy”, but cowardly and hypocritical. From his story, one can understand that the landowner's happiness remained in the past, when his chest breathed "freely and easily", when "everything amused the master", since everything belonged to him alone: the trees, the forests, and the fields were its actors, "music". Nobody prevented Obolt-Obolduev from showing his imperious, despotic character in his own possessions:
There is no contradiction in anyone, Whom I want - I will have mercy, Whom I want - I will execute. The law is my desire! The fist is my police!
From the cruel landowner, the peasants asked every spring “to the other side”, and returning in the fall, they had to bring him “above the corvée” “voluntary gifts”, pleasing not only Obolt-Obolduev, but also his wife, children.
The words of the landowner about the times that came after the abolition of serfdom are sad: “Now Rus' is not the same!” The parasite and the hypocrite are worried that the landowner has lost power over the peasants, from whom one can no longer wait for the former respect for the master. He also complains that the poor have begun to work less and worse:
The fields are unfinished, the crops are not sown, there is no trace of order!
However, the arrogant, lazy and self-satisfied landowner does not intend to work himself:
Noble estates We do not learn to work.
The landowner is crying from grief and hopelessness, because he does not know how to live differently. He feels that the times of parasitism and shameless exploitation of the peasants are passing.
A vivid picture of the arbitrariness of the landlords over the peasants after their “liberation” is depicted on the example of the landowner Big Vakhlakov Utyatin, who was immensely rich, which gave him the right to arbitrariness, arbitrariness: “he’s been a weirdo, fooled all his life.” He was so sure of the inviolability of his position and strength that even after the reform he defended "his noble rights, sanctified for centuries." The peasants hated the landowner from the bottom of their hearts, but after they were released "to freedom", they were given uncomfortable lands, in which "there were no pastures, then meadows, then forests, then a watering hole." Therefore, believing the promise of Utyatin's heirs to cut off the meadow for them after the death of their father, they agreed to play serfs out of themselves. They suffered a lot of insults and suffering during this period from a sick, dying landowner, but after his death they didn’t give them the meadows - they didn’t say thank you! material from the site
The legend “On Two Great Sinners” ends in a completely different way, where the rich, noble, infinitely cruel and merciless pan Glukhovskaya acts. While mocking the peasants, he does not feel any remorse:
How many slaves I destroy, I torture, torture and hang, And I would look at how I sleep!
Pan Glukhovsky is killed by the ataman of the robbers Kudeyar, who has committed many evil and dirty deeds in his life, but for this murder Kudeyar receives the forgiveness of all his past sins. The revolutionary meaning of the legend is that the landowners must be destroyed, and not patiently fulfill their whims.
Through the whole poem, Nekrasov carries the idea that after the reform, no matter how enslaving for the peasants it may be, the long-awaited changes have come in the life of the Russian people. And this became clear not only to the peasants, but also to the landowners:
Oh life is big! Sorry, goodbye forever! Farewell to landlord Rus'! Now not the same Rus'!
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- images of "who lives well in Rus'"
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- composition to whom in Rus' to live well the image of the landowners
Definitely bad guys. Nekrasov describes various perverted relations between landowners and serfs. The young lady, who whipped the peasants for swearing, seems kind and affectionate compared to the landowner Polivanov. He bought a village for bribes, in it he “freed himself, drank, drank bitter”, was greedy and stingy. The faithful serf Yakov took care of the master, even when his legs were taken away. But the master shaved his only nephew Yakov into a soldier, seduced by his bride.
Separate chapters are devoted to two landowners.
Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolt-Obolduev.
Portrait
To describe the landowner, Nekrasov uses diminutive suffixes and speaks of him with disdain: a round gentleman, mustachioed and pot-bellied, ruddy. He has a cigar in his mouth, and he carries a C grade. In general, the image of the landowner is sugary and not formidable at all. He is middle-aged (sixty years old), "dignified, stocky", with a long gray mustache and valiant gimmicks. The contrast of tall men and a squat gentleman should make the reader smile.
Character
The landowner was frightened by the seven peasants and drew a pistol as plump as himself. The fact that the landowner is afraid of the peasants is typical of the time of writing this chapter of the poem (1865), because the peasants who received the release were happy to take revenge on the landowners if possible.
The landowner boasts of his "noble" origin, described with sarcasm. He says that Obolt Obolduev is a Tatar who entertained the queen with a bear two and a half centuries ago. Another of his maternal ancestor, three hundred years ago, tried to set fire to Moscow and rob the treasury, for which he was executed.
Lifestyle
Obolt-Obolduev cannot imagine his life without comfort. Even talking with the peasants, he asks the servant for a glass of sherry, a pillow and a carpet.
The landowner recalls with nostalgia old days(before the abolition of serfdom), when all nature, peasants, fields and forests worshiped the master and belonged to him. Noble houses argued in beauty with churches. The life of the landowner was a continuous holiday. The landowner kept many servants. In the autumn he was engaged in dog hunting - primordially Russian fun. During the hunt, the landowner's chest breathed freely and easily, "the spirit was transferred to the old Russian orders."
Obolt-Obolduev describes the order of the landowner's life as the absolute power of the landowner over the serfs: "There is no contradiction in anyone, whom I want - I will have mercy, whom I want - I will execute." The landowner can indiscriminately beat the serfs (the word hit repeats three times, there are three metaphorical epithets to it: sparkling, furious, cheekbones). At the same time, the landowner claims that he punished lovingly, that he took care of the peasants, set tables for them in the landowner's house on a holiday.
The landowner considers the abolition of serfdom to be similar to breaking the great chain that binds the lords and the peasants: “Now we don’t beat the peasant, but we don’t have paternal mercy on him either.” The estates of the landowners have been dismantled brick by brick, the forests have been cut down, the peasants are robbing. The economy also fell into decay: "The fields are unfinished, the crops are not sown, there is no trace of order!" The landowner does not want to work on the land, and what his purpose is, he no longer understands: “I smoked the sky of God, wore the royal livery, littered the treasury of the people and thought to live like this for a century ...”
Last
So the peasants called their last landowner, Prince Utyatin, under whom serfdom. This landowner did not believe in the abolition of serfdom and became so angry that he had a stroke.
Fearing that the old man would deprive him of his inheritance, his relatives told him that they had ordered the peasants to be returned to the landlords, and they themselves asked the peasants to play this role.
Portrait
The latter is an old old man, thin as hares in winter, white, with a beak like a hawk's nose, long gray mustaches. Seriously ill, he combines the helplessness of a weak hare and the ambition of a hawk.
Character traits
The last petty tyrant, "fools in the old way", because of his whims, both his family and the peasants suffer. For example, I had to spread a ready stack of dry hay just because the old man thought it was wet.
The landowner Prince Utyatin is arrogant, he believes that the nobles have betrayed their age-old rights. His white hat- a sign of landlord power.
Utyatin never valued the lives of his serfs: he bathed them in an ice-hole, forced them to play the violin on horseback.
In his old age, the landowner began to demand even greater nonsense: he ordered to marry a six-year-old to a seventy-year-old, to appease the cows so that they would not moo, instead of a dog, appoint a deaf-mute fool as a watchman.
Unlike Obolduev, Utyatin does not find out about his changed status and dies, "as he lived, as a landowner."
- The image of Saveliy in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'"
- The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'"
In the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, unlike the peasants, the landowners do not cause sympathy. They are negative and unpleasant. The image of the landlords in the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" is collective. The poet's talent was clearly manifested in his ability to see in individual traits general characters of the whole social stratum of Russia.
Landlords of the Nekrasov poem
The author introduces readers to the images of landlord Rus', serf and free. Their attitude towards common people causes resentment. The lady loves to flog men who inadvertently utter words familiar to them - swear words for literate gentlemen. The landowner seems to be a little kinder than Polivanov, who, having bought the village, "freezes" and barges in it "in a terrible way."
Fate laughed at the cruel landowner. The master pays his faithful servant with ingratitude. Jacob says goodbye to life before his eyes. Polivanov drives away wolves and birds all night, trying to save his life and not go crazy with fear. Why did faithful Yakov punish Polivanov so? The master sends the servant's nephew to serve, not wanting to marry him to a girl who himself liked. Sick, practically motionless (legs failed), he still hopes to take away what he liked from the peasants. There is no feeling of gratitude in the master's soul. A servant taught him and revealed the sinfulness of his actions, but only at the cost of his life.
Obolt-Obolduev
Barin Gavrila Afanasyevich already outwardly resembles the images of the landowners of all Rus': round, mustachioed, pot-bellied, ruddy. The author uses in the description diminutive suffixes with a disparaging caressing pronunciation - -enk and others. But the description does not change. A cigar, a C grade, sweetness does not cause tenderness. There is a sharply opposite attitude towards the character. I want to turn around and walk past. The landowner does not evoke pity. The master tries to behave valiantly, but he fails. Seeing wanderers on the road, Gavrila Afanasyevich was frightened. The peasants, who received liberty, did not deny themselves the desire to avenge many years of humiliation. He pulls out a pistol. The weapon in the hands of the landowner becomes a toy, not real.Obolt-Obolduev is proud of his origin, but the author also doubts it. For which he received the title and power: the ancestor entertained the queen by playing with a bear. Another progenitor was executed for trying to burn the capital and rob the treasury. The landowner is accustomed to comfort. He is not yet accustomed to the fact that he is not served. Talking about his happiness, he asks the peasants for a pillow for comfort, a carpet for comfort, a glass of sherry for mood. The continuous holiday of the landowner with many servants is a thing of the past. dog hunting, Russian fun delighted the lordly spirit. Obolduev was pleased with the power he possessed. I liked hitting men. Vivid epithets are selected by Nekrasov for the “blows” of Gavrila Afanasyevich:
- Sparkling;
- Furious;
- Cheekbones.
“I smoked the sky of God, wore the royal livery, littered the people’s treasury and thought to live like this for a century ...”
The landowner, nicknamed the Last
Prince with speaking surname, which the poet loves, Utyatin, who has become the last among the people, is the last landowner of the described system. During his "reign" beloved serfdom was abolished. The prince did not believe in this, he was struck with anger. The cruel and stingy old man kept his relatives in fear. The heirs of the peasants were persuaded to pretend and lead their former way of life when the landowner was nearby. They promised the peasants land. The peasants fell for false promises. The peasants played their part, but they were deceived, which surprised no one: neither the author nor the wanderers.The appearance of the landowner is the second type of gentleman in Rus'. A frail old man, thin as a hare in winter. There are signs of predators in appearance: a hawkish sharp nose, long mustaches, a sharp look. The appearance of such a dangerous master of life hidden under a soft mask, cruel and stingy. The petty tyrant, having learned that the peasants were "returned to the landowners," is fooling more than ever. The whims of the master are surprising: playing the violin on horseback, bathing in an ice hole, marrying a 70-year-old widow to a 6-year-old boy, forcing the cows to be silent and not lowing, instead of a dog, he puts a wretched deaf-mute as a watchman.
The prince dies happy, he never found out about the abolition of the right.
One can recognize the author's irony in the image of each landowner. But this is laughter through tears. The grief that the rich fools and the ignorant peasantry have poured into them will last more than one century. Not everyone will be able to rise from their knees and use their will. Not everyone will understand what to do with it. Many men will regret the nobility, the philosophy of serfdom has entered their brains so firmly. The author believes: Rus' will rise from sleep, rise, and happy people fill Russia.
The crowning achievement of N. A. Nekrasov is the folk epic poem “Who should live well in Rus'”. In that monumental work the poet sought to show as fully as possible the main features of contemporary Russian reality and reveal the deep contradictions between the interests of the people and the exploitative essence of the ruling classes, and above all local nobility, which in 20-70 years XIX century has already completely outlived its usefulness as an advanced class and began to hinder further development countries.
In a dispute between peasants about “who lives happily, freely in Rus',” the landowner was declared the first contender for the right to call himself happy. However, Nekrasov significantly expanded the plot framework outlined by the plot of the work, as a result of which the image of the landowner appears in the poem only in the fifth chapter, which is called “The Landowner”.
For the first time, the landowner appears to the reader as the peasants saw him: "Some gentleman is round, mustachioed, pot-bellied, with a cigar in his mouth." By using diminutive forms Nekrasov conveys the condescending, contemptuous attitude of the peasants towards former owner living souls. The following author's description of the appearance of the landowner Obolt-Obolduev (Nekrasov uses the meaning of a surname) and his own story about his "noble" origin further enhances the ironic tone of the narration.
The basis of the satirical image of Obolduev is a striking contrast between the significance of life, nobility, scholarship and patriotism, which he attributes to himself with “dignity”, and the actual insignificance of existence, extreme ignorance, emptiness of thoughts, baseness of feelings. Grieving about the pre-reform time dear to his heart, with “every luxury”, endless holidays, hunting and drunken revelry, Obolt-Obolduev takes the ridiculous pose of a son of the fatherland, the father of the peasantry, who cares about the future of Russia. But let us remember his confession: "He littered the people's treasury." He makes ridiculous "patriotic" speeches: "Mother Rus', willingly lost her chivalrous, warlike, majestic appearance." The enthusiastic story of Obolt-Obolduev about the life of landlords under serfdom is perceived by the reader as an unconscious self-exposure of the insignificance and meaninglessness of the existence of former serfs.
For all his comicality, Obolt-Obolduev is not so harmlessly funny. In the past, a convinced serf-owner, even after the reform he hopes, as before, "to live by the labor of others", in which he sees the purpose of his life.
However, the times of such landlords are over. This is felt both by the feudal lords themselves and by the peasants. Although Obolt-Obolduev speaks to the peasants in a condescending, patronizing tone, he must endure the unequivocal peasant mockery. Nekrasov also feels this: Obolt-Obolduev is simply unworthy of the author's hatred and deserves only contempt and unfriendly ridicule.
But if Nekrasov speaks of Obolt-Obolduev with irony, then the image of another landowner in the poem - Prince Utyatin - is described in the chapter "Last Child" with obvious sarcasm. The very title of the chapter is symbolic, in which the author, sharply sarcastically using to some extent the technique of hyperbolization, tells the story of a tyrant - a "last child" who does not want to part with the feudal orders of landlord Rus'.
If Obolt-Obolduev nevertheless feels that there is no return to the old, then the old man Utyatin, who has gone out of his mind, even in whose appearance there is little human left, over the years of lordship and despotic power, has become so imbued with the conviction that he is a "divine grace" master, to whom "on it is written to the family to watch over the stupid peasantry”, that the peasant reform seems to this despot something unnatural. That is why it was not difficult for relatives to assure him that "the peasants were ordered to turn back the landowners."
Talking about the wild antics of the "last child" - the last feudal lord Utyatin (which seem especially wild in the changed conditions), Nekrasov warns of the need for a decisive and final eradication of all remnants of serfdom. After all, it is they who are preserved in the minds of not only former slaves, ultimately killed the "intractable" peasant Agap Petrov: "If it were not for such an opportunity, Agap would not have died." Indeed, unlike Obolt-Obolduev, Prince Utyatin, even after serfdom, remained in fact the master of life (“It is known that it was not self-interest, but arrogance that cut him off, he lost Mote”). Ducks are also feared by wanderers: “Yes, the master is stupid: sue later ...” And although Posledysh himself - the “holy fool landowner”, as the peasants call him, is more ridiculous than scary, Nekrasov’s ending of the chapter reminds the reader that the peasant reform did not bring a genuine liberation to the people and real power still remains in the hands of the nobility. The prince's heirs shamelessly deceive the peasants, who eventually lose their water meadows.
The whole work is imbued with a sense of the inevitable death of the autocratic system. The support of this system - the landlords - are depicted in the poem as "last-born", living out their lives. The ferocious Shalashnikov has long been gone from the world, Prince Utyatin died a "landowner", the insignificant Obolt-Obolduev has no future. The picture of the empty manor estate, which is taken away brick by brick by the servants (chapter "Peasant Woman").
Thus, opposing in the poem two worlds, two spheres of life: the world of the gentlemen of the landowners and the world of the peasantry. Nekrasov with the help satirical images landowners leads readers to the conclusion that the happiness of the people is possible even without Obolt-Obolduev and the Utyatins, and only when the people themselves become the true masters of their lives.
Images of landowners in N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who should live well in Rus'”
The problem of finding happiness is the central motive to which all the events in the poem are subordinated. Question: "Who lives happily, freely in Rus'?" - the most important in the life of the entire peasantry of post-reform Russia. Initially, it seems to the peasants that for happiness it is enough to be full. But as you get to know different characters, the concept of happiness changes. A journey that seven temporarily bound peasants embark on to find the answer to main question, allows the author to enter the most different heroes, their biographies, stories, detailed descriptions. Among the numerous heroes, the wanderers meet the landowner Obolt-Obolduev with his views on a happy life. The noble understanding of happiness is wealth, possession of property:
You used to be in a circle
Alone like the sun in the sky
Your villages are humble,
Your forests are dense
Your fields are all around!
There are fish in the river splashing:
"Fat-fat until the time!"
There the hare stalks the meadow:
"Walk-walk until autumn!"
Everything amused the master,
Lovingly weed each
Whispered: "I'm yours!" General obedience also delighted the mind of the master:
And we knew honor.
Not only Russian people,
Russian nature itself
Subdued us.
Will you go to the village -
Peasants fall at their feet
You will go to forest cottages -
centennial trees
The forests will bow!
Will you go arable land, cornfield -
The whole field is a ripe ear
Creeps at the feet of the master,
Pleasing to the eye and ear!
Obolt-Obolduev reveled in his power over the people who belonged to him: There is no contradiction in anyone, Whom I want - I will have mercy, Whom I want - I will execute. The law is my desire! The fist is my police! A sparkling blow, a furious blow, a cheek-bone blow!.. And with such an attitude on his part, Obolt-Oblduev sincerely believes that the peasants belonging to him treated him well: But, I will say without boasting, the peasant loved me! The landowner sincerely longs for those times when he had unlimited power over the peasants. Over-hearing bell ringing, he bitterly says: They are not calling for a peasant! In the life of a landowner They call! .. Oh, a wide life! Sorry, goodbye forever! Farewell to landlord Rus'! Now Rus' is not the same! .. Much has changed for him and his family after the abolition of serfdom:
It's embarrassing to go through the countryside, A man sits - he won't move, Not noble pride - You feel bile in your chest. In the forest, not a hunting horn Sounds - a robber's ax, Shalyat !., but what can you do? Who will save the forest! .. The fields are unfinished, The crops are not sown, There is no trace of order! Of course, Gavrila Afanasyevich's feelings can be understood when he regrets the devastated estate:
My God!
Dismantled brick by brick
Beautiful landowner's house
Extensive landowner's garden,
cherished for centuries,
Under the ax of a peasant
All lay down - the man admires,
How much wood came out!
Callous soul of a peasant
Will he think
What an oak, now felled by him,
My grandfather with his own hand
Once planted!
What's under that mountain ash
Our kids frolicked
And Ganichka and Vera
Hooked with me?
What is here, under this linden,
My wife confessed to me
How heavy is she
Gavryusha, our firstborn,
And hid on my chest
Like a cherry blossom
Pretty face!
Obolt-Obolduev is proud of his noble origin, the thought of labor is offensive to him:
Work hard! Whom did you think
I'm not a peasant-bast worker,
I am by the grace of God
Russian noble!
Russia is not German
We have delicate feelings
We are proud!
Noble estates
We do not learn how to work.
I'll tell you without boasting
I live almost without a break
Forty years in the village
And from a rye ear
I can’t distinguish barley,
And they sing to me: "Work hard!" The landowner even finds an excuse for his idleness and the idle life of the entire nobility:
And if indeed
We misunderstood our duty
And our destination
Not that the name is ancient,
Dignity of nobility
Keep up the hunt
Feasts, every luxury
And live by someone else's work,
It should have been so before
To say ... We must pay tribute to Obolt-Obolduev - he admits his worthlessness:
I smoked the sky of God
He wore the livery of the king,
Littered the people's treasury
And he thought to live like this for a century ... Gavrila Afanasyevich is very proud of his noble origin, and after all, his ancestors received royal mercy not for some kind of service to the state, but by chance:
My ancestor Oboldui
For the first time commemorated
In old Russian letters
Two centuries and a half
Back to that. Says
That letter: "Tatar
Obolt Obolduev
Given the end of the good
Priced at two rubles:
Wolves and foxes
He entertained the empress,
On the day of the royal name day,
Released a wild bear
With his own, and Oboldueva
That bear skinned him... This meeting of seven wanderers with Obolt-Obolduev, their remarks in the course of his story testify to the fact that the ideals of the masters are alien to the muzhiks. Their conversation is a clash of irreconcilable points of view. Phrases of wanderers, starting with the naive-innocent (“Forests are not ordered to us - they have seen every tree!”) And ending with socially sharp (“The bone is white, the bone is black, And look, they are so different, they are different and even! And they thought to themselves: “Kolom knocked them down, why are you praying in a manor’s house? ..”, “Yes, it was for you, place-kam, life is enviable, you don’t have to die!”), open to the reader that abyss, which exists between them and the masters.
Gavrila Afanasyevich, who retained in his soul a human attitude towards his serfs, understands that he depends on the peasants and owes his well-being to them. He yearns for the old days, but resigns himself to the abolition of the fortress region. But Prince Utyatin does not want to believe that he has lost power over his serfs. The image of this landowner is less attractive:
Thin! Like winter hares
All white, and a white hat,
High, with a band
From red cloth.
beak nose,
Like a hawk
Mustache gray, long
And - different eyes:
One healthy - glows,
And the left one is cloudy, cloudy,
Like a pewter. Accustomed to power, he very painfully accepted the news of the royal Manifesto. The Vakhlak peasants say this about it:
Our landlord is special,
Wealth is immeasurable
An important rank, a noble family,
All the century he was freaking out, fooling around,
And suddenly a thunderstorm struck...
He does not believe: the robbers are lying!
mediator, corrector
Chased away! fooling around the old way
Became very suspicious
Don't bow - shit!
The governor himself to the master
Arrived: argued for a long time,
In the dining room, the servants heard;
Angry so that by the evening
Enough of his blow!
the whole half of the left
Repulsed: as if dead,
And like the earth is black...
Lost for a dime!
It is known, not self-interest,
And arrogance cut him off,
He lost his sorinko. Seeing the peasants of the village of Vahlaki, Pakhom called them heroes. But the author further narration shows the humility and ignorance of the peasants. In the decision to “keep silent until the death of the old man” about the agreement with the heirs, the agreement to support the rumor that “the peasants were ordered to turn back the landowners” is much from the former humiliation and humility. The people - a hero and a hard worker - dooms themselves to voluntary slavery. By this, N. A. Nekrasov shows that the peasants have not lost faith in the ability to negotiate with the landlords, in the opportunity to benefit for themselves, while maintaining the old system of relationships. A prime example this is the "foolishness" of Klim in front of the master:
Who are we to listen to?
Who to love? Hope
Peasantry on whom?
We drink troubles
We wash with tears
Where should we rebel?
All yours, all master's -
Our old houses
And sick bellies
And we ourselves are yours!
The grain that is thrown into the ground
And garden vegetables
And hair on unkempt
Man's head -
Everything is yours, everything is master's!
In the graves of our great-grandfathers,
Old grandfathers on the stoves
And in the shaky little children -
Everything is yours, everything is master's!
And again he said: “Fathers!
We live for your grace
Like Christ in the bosom:
Try it without a master
Peasant live like this!
Where are we without gentlemen?
Fathers! leaders!
If we didn't have landlords,
Let's not make bread
Don't stock up on herbs!
Guardians! Guardians!
And the world would have collapsed long ago
Without the mind of the master,
Without our simplicity! It is written in your family To watch over the stupid peasantry, And for us to work, listen, Pray for the masters! It is not surprising that the old man, after such words, is ready to talk for hours about his rights: And for sure: for almost an hour, the Last One spoke! His tongue did not obey: The old man spattered with saliva, Hissed! And he was so upset That his right eye twitched, And the left suddenly widened And - round, like an owl's - Spinning like a wheel. The rights of the nobility, sanctified by centuries, Merits, the name of the ancient Landowner commemorated, Tsar’s wrath, God’s Threatened the peasants if they rebelled, And firmly ordered, So that she didn’t think trifles, The patrimony did not indulge, But obeyed the masters! Believing in deceit, the paralyzed prince continues his tyranny:
A spring carriage rolls through the village:
Get up! down with the card!
God knows what will come from
Branit, reproaches; with a threat
Come on - be quiet!
He sees a plowman in the field
And for his own lane
Oblaet: and lazy something,
And we are couch potatoes!
And the strip worked
Like never on a master
The man didn't work...
Found that the hay is wet
He flared up: "Good Lord
Fester? I'm you scammers
I myself will rot in the barshchina!
Dry it now!..”
...(The wanderers tried:
Dry senzo!) The orders of the Afterlife are meaningless and absurd. For example, to fix financial situation widow Terentievna, who “begs Christ’s alms”, the master ordered “to marry Gavrila Zhokhov on that widow Terentyev, fix the hut again so that they live in it, the fruit and the fox and rule the tax.”
And that widow is under seventy,
And the groom is six years old!
Another order: "Cows
Yesterday we chased until the sun
Near the bar yard
And so mumbled, stupid,
What woke up the master -
So the shepherds are ordered
Keep killing the cows!”
Another order: "At the watchman,
At the under Sofronov,
The dog is disrespectful:
Barked at the master
So drive out the underworld
And the watchman to the landlord
The estate is assigned
Eremka! .. "Rolled
Again the peasants with laughter:
Eremka the one from birth
Deaf fool! The men are humorous about the antics of the Last-sha ("Well, laughter, of course! ..", "Here's the rank laughing again."), but the consequences of the comedy played out are sad. The joke turned into a disaster - Aran Petrov died, only person, who dares to enter into open conflict with an old man who has gone out of his mind. He does not want to endure moral humiliation and throws Utyatin in the eye:
Hush! Shut up!
Peasant souls possession
It's over. You are the last!
The men explain the cause of Agap's death in this way:
Don't be such an opportunity
Aran would not have died!
The man is raw, special,
The head is restless
And here: go, lie down!
And learn a lesson for themselves:
Praise the grass in a haystack
And the master is in a coffin! In the three chapters of the poem: “About an exemplary serf - Jacob the faithful”, “About two great sinners” and “Peasant's sin”, images of landowners also appear. And only in the last of them does the gentleman commit good deed- Before death, he grants freedom to his peasants. And in the first two, the theme of cruel mockery of the peasants again sounds. Polivanov all his life, from childhood, mocks the faithful serf Yakov:
In the teeth of an exemplary slave,
Jacob the faithful
Like he was blowing with his heel. Pan Glukhovsky is also not distinguished by virtue, and even boasts of his atrocities:
Pan chuckled: "Salvation
I haven't had tea for a long time
In the world I honor only a woman,
Gold, honor and wine.
You have to live, old man, in my opinion:
How many slaves I destroy
I torment, I torture and hang,
And I would like to see how I sleep! The theme of the relationship between the oppressed and the oppressor sounds in the poem. The author shows that the existing conflict between the landowner and the peasant cannot be resolved peacefully and raises the question of the ways for the peasantry to reach freedom and happiness.
