The heroes of your favorite movies and books seem incredibly realistic. He reminds us of good friends, and sometimes ourselves. It's even more incredible to find out that our favorite characters were "copied" from specific people. The authors borrowed their external features, behavior and characters. Who impressed them and became the prototype of famous movie and literary characters?
Many people remember from their childhood "The Dispersed Man from Basseinaya Street". Academician Ivan Kablukov, an acquaintance of Samuil Marshak's family, was impractical, forgetful and distracted. He, teaching students, could easily say instead of "physics and chemistry" - "chemist and physics." In his poem, the poet first wanted to mention the real name of his hero, who gets confused even in his last name, calling himself Heel Ivanov.
The prototype of Dr. House was the eccentric Dr. Thomas Bolty. The scriptwriters of the series became interested in this person when they learned that Bolty cured a gallery owner suffering from migraine for more than 40 years, determining that the cause of his disease was poisoning with heavy metals accumulated in his body. To work real doctor gets there with the help of rollers, and his employees call Thomas "the detective of medicine", taking into account the talent, erudition and intuition of the doctor. By the way, a real doctor is not enthusiastic about his cinematic character and, not accepting his impudence, rudeness, which he uses in the treatment of patients.
In "The Picture of Dorian Gray" reflected the real-life poet of that time, John Gray. Oscar Wilde met him in the 80s of the 19th century. The young aristocrat possessed intelligence, beauty and ambition. These features are also inherent in the character of the novel. The poet, who devoted his youth and youth to bohemian life, was often called the name of his prototype - instead of John Dorian.
The famous Sherlock Holmes also has his own "source". Conan Doyle had a lecturer at the university, Joseph Bell. He had an aquiline nose, an inquisitive mind and extraordinary intuition. The professor could accurately determine the occupation and location of patients using the deduction method. Students often witnessed how their teacher "revealed" strangers, urging his students to do the same.
About who could be in life James Bond, argue long and hard. The author of the character, Ian Fleming, was also a scout, so he also reflected part of himself in his character, claiming that Agent 007– collective image. Many agree with this opinion, but there are suggestions, not without foundation, that James Bond is "copied" from the erudite and incredibly charming "king of spies" Sydney Reilly. He was fluent in 7 or 8 languages, knew how to manipulate people and adored women. On the account of the scout there is not a single failed task, among which an attempt on V. Lenin was also developed.
Peter Pan, writer James Barry "discovered" in the son of his friends- four-year-old Michael Davis. From him he borrowed character and mannerisms, even face-to-face fears that tormented an active but sensitive child.
Based on "The Wolf of Wall Street" and its main character is a book of memoirs of the broker Jordan Belfort, who spent his life flying up and then falling down. He was arrested on charges of securities fraud, but no difficulties could break Jordan's confidence in success. The broker shared his talent in 2 books, organizing seminars where he acted as a motivator.
Admirers of Leo Tolstoy will be hard to surprise with information that his prototype was Pushkin's daughter Maria Alexandrovna, married Hartung. An oriental touch in the appearance and character of Mary, so characteristic of her great father, a penetrating mind, femininity and aristocratic ease are inherent in both the heroine of the novel and Maria Alexandrovna Hartung. Tolstoy seemed to have a premonition tragic fate his protégé.
Anna moved into her last way from the Nizhegorodsky railway station in Moscow. This station was then the second station built in Moscow after Nikolaevsky (now Leningradsky) and was located behind Pokrovskaya Zastava at the intersection of Nizhegorodskaya Street and Rogozhsky Val. The approximate current address of this place is Nizhegorodskaya st., 9a. The station building was unsightly, one-story and wooden. Today, neither this building nor the station itself is long gone. Since 1896, trains on Nizhny Novgorod began to serve the new Kursk-Nizhny Novgorod railway station (now Kursk railway station), and Nizhegorodsky began to be used only for servicing freight traffic(in Soviet time it was called Moscow-Commodity-Gorkovskaya). The station building and railway tracks in the area were eliminated in the 1950s with the start of mass residential construction here. In Alexey Dedushkin's LiveJournal, everything about the Nizhny Novgorod railway station and its environs is described in detail up to the present day. Read curious.
So, Anna got on a train and went to the Obiralovka station (now the Zheleznodorozhnaya station), 24 versts from Moscow, to meet Vronsky, who was staying at her mother's estate, located nearby.
Obiralovka station, the same water pump, photo, 1910
But when Anna arrived at Obiralovka, she received a note from Vronsky that he would only be there at 10 o'clock in the evening. busy with business. Anna did not like the tone of the note and she, who was in reflection all the way and was in an inadequate state close to nervous breakdown, regarded this note as Vronsky's unwillingness to meet with her. Immediately, Anna comes up with the idea that there is a way out of her situation that will help her wash away the shame and untie everyone's hands. And at the same time it will be a great way to take revenge on Vronsky. Anna throws herself under the train.
"Fast, light step descending the steps that led from water towers to the rails, she stopped beside her right past her passing train. She looked at the bottom of the cars, at the screws and chains, and at the high cast-iron wheels of the slowly rolling first car, and with her eye tried to determine the middle between the front and rear wheels and the minute when this middle would be against her ... And exactly at that moment, as the middle between the wheels drew level with her, she threw back the red bag and, squeezing her head into her shoulders, fell under the car on her hands and with a slight movement, as if preparing to immediately get up, sank to her knees. And in that moment she was horrified at what she was doing. "Where am I? What am I doing? Why?" She wanted to get up, lean back; but something huge, inexorable pushed her in the head and dragged her behind. "Lord, forgive me everything!" she said, feeling the impossibility of a struggle.
Until now, in Zheleznodorozhny you can meet people who are ready to show the grave of Anna Karenina - either at the Trinity Church, or at the Savvinskaya Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
Could you guess that the main character famous novel L.N. Tolstoy had African roots? Meanwhile, the description of the appearance of Anna Karenina signals exactly this. And the writer himself never hid the amazing origin of his heroine, the prototype of which was Maria Aleksandrovna Gartung, nee Pushkin. No, not a random namesake, but own daughter great poet.
The eldest daughter of the "sun of Russian poetry" was born on May 19, 1832 in glorious city Petersburg. Exists folk omen, according to which everyone who was born in May “toils” all his life. One can be skeptical about this statement, but in the case of Maria Pushkina, everything turned out exactly like this: she was destined for an extremely difficult fate.
Little Masha was insanely similar to her great father. Here is what Pushkin himself jokingly wrote to Princess Vera Vyazemskaya about her newborn daughter:
Maria Pushkina in her youthImagine that my wife had the embarrassment to resolve herself with a small lithograph from my person. I am desperate, despite all my conceit.
As we can see, Alexander Sergeevich was convinced that his first heiress would not grow up to be a beauty. However, this did not prevent the poet from loving the elder Masha more than all his other offspring, who were born a little later. The family idyll did not last long: Pushkin died in a fatal duel when Maria was only five years old. The girl practically did not remember her father. Alexander Sergeevich lived in her mind only as a legendary, sublime genius. There were no everyday details connected with her father in her memory, but Maria, until her old age, tremblingly loved and honored her father.
After the death of the poet, his wife, Natalya Nikolaevna, moved with her children to Kaluga region, to the parental estate Linen Factory, away from the icy looks of representatives high society, their gossip and rumors.
Despite the terrible blow that overtook Pushkin's daughter at the age of five, the subsequent years of childhood and adolescence of Mary passed in peace and tranquility. The girl has always been on excellent terms with her mother, and also got along well with her second husband, cavalry general Peter Lansky. Masha, like all noble girls of that era, received an excellent home education: she studied music, spoke fluently in several foreign languages, was engaged in needlework and rode horseback with ease. Then Maria graduated from the prestigious Catherine Institute and nevertheless ended up in high society who once ruined her brilliant father.
There are few memories of Maria Alexandrovna. All memoirists emphasized that the woman's manners were unusually refined, her posture was straight, like stretched string, and proud. However, all contemporaries also wrote that Maria was completely simple in communication, always friendly, able to witty, but good-naturedly joke in any situation. Separately familiar daughters of Pushkin emphasized that the girl's appearance was truly amazing:
The rare beauty of her mother was mixed in her with the exoticism of her father, although her features may have been somewhat large for a woman.
Maria at 28 It was this - non-standard, and therefore even more beautiful - that Leo Tolstoy saw Maria Alexandrovna. He met the heiress of the great poet at one of the many secular dinners. Witnesses of the fateful meeting recalled that Maria in the very first moments interested the prose writer. He began to cautiously ask the neighbors at the table who this lady with interesting appearance and mischievous look. When it was reported to Tolstoy in a whisper that in front of him was Maria Alexandrovna, the daughter of Pushkin himself, the writer said:
Yes, now I understand where she got these thoroughbred curls on the back of her head!
When Lev Nikolaevich began working on the novel Anna Karenina, he imagined precisely Maria Pushkina. The writer wanted his heroine to look the same as the heiress of Alexander Sergeevich. The resemblance is amazing. The description of Anna's appearance one to one coincides with how contemporaries described Mary's appearance:
On her head, in black hair, her own without admixture, there was a small garland of pansies and the same on a black ribbon of a belt between white lace. Her hair was invisible. They were noticeable only, decorating her, these masterful short ringlets of curly hair, always knocking out at the back of her head and temples. There was a string of pearls on a chiseled strong neck.
Tolstoy chose Maria Alexandrovna only as a prototype of Anna's appearance. He borrowed the character and fate of his heroine from other women. However, the life of Maria Pushkina was not as tragic as that of Karenina, but still quite difficult.
Everything started out great: Maria was appointed maid of honor of Alexander II. The girl always bathed in male attention, but by those standards she got married very late - at 28 years old. The husband of Pushkin's eldest daughter was Leonid Gartung, Major General, manager of the Imperial Stud Farms in Moscow and Tula. Their marriage lasted almost two decades and ended terrible tragedy: the husband of Maria Alexandrovna put a bullet in his forehead after he was unjustly accused of embezzling securities. He was madly afraid of shame and public censure, and therefore preferred death to life. With the wife of the inconsolable Mary, a note was found with the following content:
I swear to the almighty gods that I have not stolen anything and I forgive my enemies.
Maria Pushkina in old age Maria and Leonid did not have children, and the widow did not marry the second time: she could not betray her husband's memory. She lived until the age of 86 in complete solitude and died in poverty, ruined Soviet power. It is worth noting that the Bolsheviks were still going to give Maria Alexandrovna a meager pension, but the elderly woman died before they could do it. Despite the revolution, hunger and cold, the wizened old woman last days of her life she visited a sacred place for her - the monument to Pushkin on Tverskoy Boulevard.
Once a famous American writer, laureate Nobel Prize in literature, William Faulkner was asked to name three best novel in world literature, to which he answered without hesitation: "Anna Karenina", "Anna Karenina", and again "Anna Karenina".
On April 17, 1877, Leo Tolstoy completed his famous novel Anna Karenina, which he had been working on for over four years. If the great Russian classic called “War and Peace” a “book about the past”, in which he described the beautiful and sublime “ whole world”, then he called Anna Karenina “a novel from modern life where the chaos of good and evil reigns.
Tolstoy began writing one of the most famous novels in the history of Russian literature in 1873. He had long planned to write such a book, in which he would describe the love and life of a fallen, from the point of view of society, woman. How to start a novel, the writer came up with almost immediately.
At the end of 1874, Tolstoy decided to give the first chapters of the novel (which was still very far from being completed) to the Russky Vestnik, and now he “involuntarily” had to study the book in order to keep up with the monthly magazine. Sometimes he sat down to work with pleasure, and sometimes he exclaimed: "Unbearably disgusting" or "My Anna has bothered me like a bitter radish."
All reading Russia burned with impatience in anticipation of the new chapters of Anna Karenina, but work on the book was difficult. Only the first part of the novel had ten editions, the total amount of work on the manuscript was 2560 sheets.
Tolstoy sat down to work on the book under the impression of Pushkin's prose. This is evidenced both by the testimonies of Sophia Tolstaya and the author's own notes.
In a letter literary critic Tolstoy reported to Nikolai Strakhov: “... Somehow after work I took this volume of Pushkin and, as always (it seems to be the seventh time), re-read everything, was unable to tear myself away and seemed to read it again. But more than that, he seemed to have resolved all my doubts. Not only Pushkin before, but it seems that I have never admired anything so much: “The Shot”, “Egyptian Nights”, “ Captain's daughter"!!! And there is an excerpt "The guests were going to the dacha." I involuntarily, inadvertently, without knowing why or what would happen, conceived faces and events, began to continue, then, of course, changed, and suddenly it began so beautifully and abruptly that a novel came out, which I now finished in rough outline, the novel is very lively, hot and finished, which I am very pleased with and which will be ready, if God grants health, in two weeks.
But after two weeks, the novel was not ready - Tolstoy continued to work on Anna Karenina for another three years.
Tolstoy was repeatedly reproached for being too cruel to Anna, "forcing her to die under the car." To which the writer replied: “Once Pushkin said to his friend: “Imagine what kind of thing my Tatyana threw out. She got married. I didn't expect that from her." I can say the same about Anna. My characters do what they should do in real life, not what I want to do."
Tolstoy chose the Obdiralovka railway station near Moscow as the scene of action for Karenina's suicide, and he did it not by chance: at that time the Nizhny Novgorod road was one of the main industrial highways, heavily loaded freight trains often ran along it. During the years of writing the novel, the station was used by an average of 25 people a day, and in 1939 it was renamed Zheleznodorozhnaya.
The appearance of Anna Karenina Tolstoy was largely copied from the daughter of Alexander Pushkin, Maria Hartung. From her, Karenina got both her hair and her favorite necklace: “Her hair was invisible. They were noticeable only, decorating her, these masterful short ringlets of curly hair, always knocking out at the back of her head and temples. There was a string of pearls on a chiseled strong neck.
Tolstoy met the heiress of the great poet in Tula 5 years before writing the novel. As you know, charm and wit distinguished Maria from other women of that time, and the writer immediately liked her. However, Pushkin's daughter, of course, did not throw herself under any train and even outlived Tolstoy by almost a decade. She died in Moscow on March 7, 1919 at the age of 86.
Another prototype for Karenina was a certain Anna Pirogova, who in 1872 in the vicinity Yasnaya Polyana threw herself under a train because of unhappy love. According to the memoirs of the writer's wife Sophia Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich even went to the railway barracks to see the unfortunate woman.
In addition, in the Tolstoy family there were two women at once who left their husbands for lovers (which was a very rare occurrence in those days). Literary critics are sure that their fates had no less influence on the image and character of Karenina.
Also, the image of one of the main characters of the novel was close to the poet Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, for whose sake Sofya Andreevna Bakhmeteva left her husband - this story made a lot of noise in the world.
In the mid-1930s, while working on the jubilee edition of Tolstoy's writings, literary critics examined the manuscript fund of Anna Karenina and determined that the novel did not initially begin with the famous words "Everything was mixed up in the Oblonsky house", but from the scene in the salon of the future princess Tverskoy. This draft manuscript was called "Well Done Baba", and the main character was first called Tatyana, then Nana (Anastasia), and only later she became Anna.
As in our time, viewers are interested in the personal lives of the stars who played our favorite characters, so in Tolstoy's time, the reading public was worried about real models or prototypes of heroes literary works. Especially Anna Karenina.
Tatyana - Nana - Anna
First main character name was Tatyana. This is the anti-Tatyana Larina from Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", because in contrast to her principle "I am given to another and I will be faithful to him for a century", Tolstoy's "Tatyana" completely surrendered to her passion. In general, there is a lot of Pushkin in the novel. And even one of the models for creating the image of Anna Karenina was eldest daughter poet - Maria, whom Tolstoy met while visiting neighbors near Yasnaya Polyana. The description of Karenina fully corresponds to her picturesque portrait: pansies in bright black hair, strands of pearls around her neck ...
But this is only appearance. Character and fate were written off from the lives of several women whom Tolstoy knew. By the way, in the drafts, Tatyana Stavrovich - that was the name of the heroine at the start - first turned into Nana (Anastasia) Stavrovich, and only from the third time - into Anna Karenina.
Difficult divorces, forbidden by the church, were no longer uncommon in the 1860s and 70s, and they inspired the writer to take up this topic, given that such stories happened among Tolstoy's acquaintances. Perhaps he himself sometimes visited the thought of getting a divorce ...
Relatives of Leo Nikolayevich claimed that Maria Alekseevna Sukhotina-Dyakova, the wife of the vice-president of the Moscow Palace Office, Sergei Mikhailovich Sukhotin, who was friends with Tolstoy and shared with him his feelings: whether to give a divorce to an unfaithful wife or not? She wanted to join new marriage, but a divorce at that time could only be obtained if one of the parties was guilty, and the guilty person had to repent and did not have the right to enter into a new family union. So the suffering of Sukhotin, who loved his wife, can be understood: by releasing her, he had to slander himself. Be that as it may, Maria Alekseevna received her freedom and got married.
Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy fell in love with someone else's wife and took her away, her name was Sofya Andreevna Miller, nee Bakhmetyeva. He dedicated to her famous poem"In the midst of a noisy ball ...".
But these stories, as we see, had quite happy ending, at least for some participants. However, not all adultery ended bloodlessly. At a railway station not far from Yasnaya Polyana, Anna Stepanovna Pirogova, a housekeeper and civil wife Alexander Nikolaevich Bibikov - a friend of Tolstoy. Lev Nikolaevich went to the station and saw her disfigured corpse on the marble table of the barracks, where the unfortunate body was taken. The woman committed suicide from jealousy, and, as it turned out, not without reason. It was this event that became the prototype of the events of Anna Karenina.
Male Vronsky
So the famous satirist M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin described the protagonist of Anna Karenina, the count and handsome man, Anna's lover, in his critical article. He categorically did not like the novel, he did not see the depth in it. In the initial sketches of Tolstoy, this hero was called Ivan Petrovich Balashev, then Udashev, after which he transformed into Gagin and only on the fourth attempt became Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky. And this brings us back to Pushkin, because the name Vronsky is found in Pushkin's sketch "At the corner of a small square."
“You can’t deceive anyone, but you can deceive your husband”
This idea in the novel belongs to Vronsky and is included in his "code of honor". And what about her husband, Alexei Aleksandrovich Karenin? The husband is a typical portrait of a "hero of his time." Tolstoy's son recalled that his father produced the surname Karenin from ancient Greek, which he was studying at that time, from the word "karenon" - head. A hint that Karenin is a person whose head, that is, reason, prevails over feelings.
Probably, the already mentioned abandoned husband S.M. served as his prototype. Sukhotin.
“Everything is mixed up in the Oblonsky house”
Stiva Oblonsky is an important character in the novel. Its prototype is old friend Tolstoy - landowner Vasily Stepanovich Perfilyev. Perfiliev's wife even wrote the story "A Strange Case" about her husband's betrayal. Stiva is drawn by an Epicurean who thinks only about every moment of pleasure and sincerely does not understand how his wife can be offended by him for treason.
And Dolly Oblonskaya suffers cruelly: “You won’t believe it, but until now I thought that I was the only woman he knew. So I lived for eight years. You understand that I not only did not suspect infidelity, but that I considered it impossible ... ".
Self-portrait under the name Levin
In Anna Karenina, Tolstoy could not help but draw himself. It is not difficult to guess that the surname Levin (that's right!) comes from the name Lev. This is one of the most complex images in the writer's work and the most autobiographical. All thoughts, throwing, actions of Konstantin Dmitrievich Levin - a provincial landowner, passionate about farming, can be projected onto Tolstoy himself.
The prototype of Kitty, who became his wife, is considered to be Tolstoy's wife, Sofya Andreevna.
Tolstoy greatly appreciated the "family thought", but something was missing, new ones appeared. philosophical ideas, and life in harmony with yourself and your family did not work out very well. But that's a completely different story...
And the novel "Anna Karenina" has been translated into 41 languages at least 625 times, it has been created around the world, and such popularity speaks for itself. Worth reading.
