Churches, monasteries and estates of the Kaluga region. Manor Pavlishchev Bor

Let's cross the bridge to the opposite bank, climb a little uphill, turn left and find ourselves near the front gate of the estate. The estate is small in size and almost all is surrounded by greenery ancient trees. Through the front gate we will enter the territory of the former manor estate Stepanovskoe, which belonged in the second half 19th century Elizaveta Platonovna Yaroshenko (née Stepanova), wife of the artist's brother Vasily Alexandrovich.
The manor has been known since the 14th century. The owners - the boyars Stepanovs - were faithful guardians of the borders of Rus' in the fight against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Crimean Khanate. IN late XVIII century, the wooden buildings of the estate were built (the wooden manor house burned down in 1917). Under the last owner of the estate, the estate was rebuilt in stone. Her husband V.A. Yaroshenko, an engineer by education, together with architects designed a two-story mansion, main house estates, paved new alleys of the park.
The main house of the estate is located on the high, gently sloping bank of the Techa River. From its front porch down to the river different directions linden alleys. The longest and most picturesque alley, which still retains its clear outline, stretches southwest through the entire estate. Shorter alleys descend directly to the river. The mansion acquired its modern look in mid-nineteenth century. However, it is very difficult to imagine now how beautiful this estate was before. The alley is overgrown, buildings are destroyed, the territory is littered. All this obviously does not decorate Stepanovskoye today.
After the revolution, the estate was nationalized, paintings, furniture and utensils were transferred to Kaluga museums in 1919. For a long time various medical institutions were located on the estate. Many Kaluga residents know this place as the Pavlishchev Bor sanatorium. The resort has been closed for a long time. After the closure, a major fire broke out in the main house, significantly damaging the building. And now it stands, slowly collapsing, among the overgrown park, as a monument to its former beauty and splendor.
And the house is really beautiful, even now, when the spirit of desolation reigns everywhere. The wonderful is destroyed Noble Nest XIX century, one of the most beautiful estates in the Kaluga region. The ceilings of the main house collapsed, the fence of the estate was dismantled by local residents into bricks (only the front gate remained), and outbuildings were abandoned. And only memory brings us back to that distant past, when life was in full swing here, filled with creativity, poetry and art.
IN Lately The estate is undergoing restoration work. The area was surrounded by a concrete fence. Cleaned up trash in the main building. Several people are working to restore the north wing of the main house. However, the work is being carried out so slowly that it is not necessary to hope for a speedy restoration of the estate.
The Stepanovskoye estate is inextricably linked with the name of the famous itinerant artist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko (1846-1898).
Yaroshenko is known in Russian painting as a master - portrait painter, landscape painter. Nikolai Yaroshenko presents big interest both as an artist and as outstanding personality. Being a military engineer by education, he is engaged in painting, attends the class of the Academy of Arts as a volunteer. Yaroshenko is one of the organizers of the Association of Travelers art exhibitions, and after the death of the artist I.N. Kramskoy is headed by the Partnership. Nikolai Alexandrovich was intimately acquainted with the best representatives leading Russian intelligentsia late XIX century: artists I.N. Kramskoy, I.I. Shishkin, writers G.I. Uspensky, V.G. Korolenko.
The paintings on the theme of the heavy folk fate brought wide fame to the artist: “Stoker”, “Life Everywhere”, “Prisoner”.
According to the memoirs of a pupil of Elizaveta Platonovna Yaroshenko P.I. Vasilyeva, the artist often visited Stepanovsky and worked a lot. The estate has always had a lot of young people. Yaroshenko understood these youth well and captured their aspirations and revolutionary aspirations in the works “Student” and “Cursist”.
The one-figure composition “Girl Student” is known in two versions (one is kept in the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, the second in the Kaluga Art Museum). According to the memoirs of the artist I.S. Ostroukhova, I.N. Kramskoy, who saw the "Cursist" in the artist's studio, did not agree with the interpretation of her face and figure. The young girl evoked sympathy rather than respect. Then Yaroshenko wrote new picture, fully preserving the compositional scheme, but taking into account Kramskoy's remarks.
To Kaluga Art Museum the painting "The female student" came from the Stepanovskoye estate in 1919. In the painting, the artist depicted a young girl walking with an energetic gait along a foggy St. Petersburg street. Her pretty face big eyes spiritualized. The clothes are deliberately rough and modest. A coarse wool sweater and a plaid protect her from the cold and dampness. With all the social concreteness in the created image of an advanced Russian woman, there is no everyday life, it is sublime and noble. The prototype for creating the picture was a student of the Higher (Bestuzhev) women's courses A.K. Chertkova, nee Dieterikhs. Anna Konstantinovna was close to the Yaroshenko family, she was friends with the artist's wife Maria Pavlovna.
Among the works donated to the Kaluga Art Museum, there are many portraits of relatives: a portrait of Vasily Alexandrovich's brother, "Portrait of a lady with a cat" (E.P. Yaroshenko), "Portrait of a nanny" and "Portrait of a mother."
Having examined the estate, we will go down the path leading through the park to the Techa River. Let's stop on the bridge and admire the river rapids and the mysterious - mysterious grotto of trees closing over the river. Techa - a forest river with a large number crystal clear springs. Downstream, in the vicinity of the village of Ekaterinovka, springs with healing mineral water were discovered. Water by chemical composition and the quality is not inferior to the famous Lipetsk water, but at present the source is not actively used.
The estate is considered a monument of history and culture and is under state protection. All this leaves hope that someday the estate will appear to us in its former appearance.

.
For the first time, the artist visited the North Caucasus during his honeymoon trip with his young wife Maria Pavlovna, whose maiden name was Navrotina. The couple really liked Kislovodsk and they decided to come here every year, and then they bought a land plot near the Kurortny Park and began to build their house in the Kislovodsk settlement.
The White Villa was designed by Yaroshenko himself. Builders built a one-story wooden house according to the drawings of the artist. At the built house, the Yaroshenkos smashed green Park.
In 1885, the Yaroshenkos left St. Petersburg and settled on the Kislovodsk estate " white villa" on an ongoing basis.
Yaroshenko had many friends and there were always many guests at the White Villa, so several guest outbuildings were attached to the five-room house. It is known that the Yaroshenko couple often visited such famous people like:, Dmitry Mendeleev, Fedor Chaliapin, Sergei Rachmaninov, Konstantin Stanislavsky ...
Historians claim that the Pompeian murals of the estate were created by visiting friends of Yaroshenko.
Yaroshenko Nikolai Alexandrovich left home and could wander around the neighborhood for several days with paints and an easel, creating his paintings.
Yaroshenko lived in Kislovodsk happy creative life, he could create many more pictorial masterpieces. But fate decreed otherwise... summer day, in 1898, the painter went to work on Mount Big Saddle and already returning home, he fell under a heavy downpour. He had to run more than nine miles to find shelter from the cold dank rain. With difficulty, he reached the estate, wet and cold. The next morning, at the age of 51, Yaroshenko died of a heart attack.
Yaroshenko's wife Maria Pavlovna really wanted to keep Yaroshenko's original paintings and a collection of donated works by his friends, she dreamed of creating a museum named after N.A. Yaroshenko in Kislovodsk. For the museum building, she wanted to bequeath the "White Villa".
Unfortunately, on the lands of the Caucasian Mineral Waters they did not pick up good place For museum collection. The artist's widow was forced to give the paintings to Poltava, the city where the artist was born. This collection laid the foundation for the Poltava Art Museum.
Maria Yaroshenko Yaroshenko left this world in 1915, after which the "White Villa" was empty.

The very first museum of Yaroshenko in the estate "White Villa" was expected to be created in 1918. The then People's Commissar of Education, Professor Alexander Pavlovich Nechaev insisted on this, and Pavel Alexandrovich Utyakov preserved the surviving interiors of the manor house.
On December 16, 1968, two wings on the territory of the estate of N.A. Yaroshenko were approved as monuments of history and architecture of national importance.
At the present time, the Memorial Museum-estate of the artist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko is a modern full-fledged museum that stores about 150 works by the artist. The first guest wing shows an exhibition of works by Wanderers, and the second hosts exhibitions on themes and cultural events. The museum also exhibits personal belongings and furniture of the Yaroshenko spouses.
A wonderful addition to the museum complex is the garden, which consists of two levels. On the first level there is an orchard and a tiny arboretum where exotic trees exist.
On the second level of the garden there is a quiet chamber park with fountains, where locals and visiting tourists.

"White Villa" by Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko was a source of inspiration not only for the artist himself, but also for his guests: ...

The museum-estate of the artist N.A. Yaroshenko is one of the most extensive collections of works by Wanderers in Russia. The museum was opened in 1962; huge collection works outstanding artists N.A. Yaroshenko and N.A. Kasatkina.

The old manor, where the museum is located today, was once visited by prominent figures of Russia, among whom we can name A.I. Kuindzhi, D.I. Mendeleev, I.E. Repin, F.I. Chaliapin. In the summer of 1802, Nikolai Yaroshenko and his wife also visited here. The situation in the house, and the rest in Kislovodsk itself, fell in love with Yaroshenko, and he returned here more than once. And in 1885 he bought the estate from the owner, Lieutenant General M.G. Chernyaev. Here outstanding painter of his time and met last days life. He was buried near the dacha, on the territory of St. Nicholas Cathedral.

In 1918, it was decided to rename the street where the dacha was located in honor of Yaroshenko, and open a museum in the building itself. But these plans never came to fruition. Soon the house was converted into communal housing, and in the 30s it was decided to demolish the cathedral and eliminate the cemetery. The cathedral was destroyed, but the locals defended the preservation of Yaroshenko's grave. And only in 1959, at the suggestion of the artist V.V. Seklyutsky, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR decided to organize a museum. Materials for the Kislovodsk Museum were transferred from the State Russian Museum, Poltava, Kyiv museums. Most expositions were Yaroshenko's works from private collections of Russian collectors. Grand opening museum was held in 1962, in honor of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Nesterov, a patron of the arts, who presented the museum with a solid collection of works by Yaroshenko. At the same time, until 1986, tenants lived in the wing of the museum, who were later resettled.

Today, all the lands have been returned to the museum, and a garden has been planted near the estate. In the wing, expositions of works by I.I. Levitan, L.K. Savrasova, V.G. Perova, L.I. Kuindzhi, P.L. Bryullov, I.I. Shishkin.

In the summer of 1882, a small estate on Olkhovaya Street in Kislovodsk became a haven for the artist Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko, who arrived for treatment. The nature of Kislovodsk fascinated the artist so much that three years later he acquired this estate and began construction on it. own house. The White Villa project, the creation of Yaroshenko himself - a one-story wooden house with two outbuildings was built according to the sketches of the great artist.

Here, in different years welcome guests were artists, writers, scientists. The manor was considered the center cultural life North Caucasus. Dmitry Mendeleev, Sergei Rakhmaninov, Ilya Repin, Konstantin Stanislavsky and many other prominent people visited Yaroshenko and his wife Maria Pavlovna. It was at the "White Villa" that Leo Tolstoy wanted to find shelter and shelter when planning his first escape from Yasnaya Polyana.

Yaroshenko died in Kislovodsk in 1898 and was buried not far from the estate, in the fence of St. Nicholas Cathedral.

The revival of the Yaroshenko estate is associated with the name of the artist Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Seklyutsky, who did a great job of collecting historical documents and exhibits. In 1959, a decision was made to organize a museum in this estate. It was opened in 1962 and since then has always attracted the attention of lovers of painting and antiquity.

In the museum you can see large portrait genre and landscape works by Nikolai Yaroshenko. There is also a hall of works by his contemporaries: Isaac Levitan, Alexei Savrasov, Arkhip Kuindzhi and others.

IN last years The territory of the museum has expanded significantly: the estate has been returned to its former size and a beautiful garden has been laid out.

For many years the museum has been holding meetings with interesting people- "Yaroshenko's Saturdays", where outstanding cultural figures of art perform. This is a continuation of light traditions in the making artistic culture in the Caucasus.

The city of Kislovodsk and its inhabitants can no longer imagine themselves without this small house above the ever-talkative Olkhovka River, where the name of the artist lives and will live, his living spirit, where the whole world his art.

Literature:

Seklyutsky, V. Kislovodsk Art Museum N. Ya. Yaroshenko / V. Seklyutsky - Mineralnye Vody: Ed. "Caucasian health resort", 1986. - 24 p.

Guide to the Caucasian Mineral Waters - Essentuki: "ROSS", 2005. - 344 pages.

Sheiko, N.I. Caucasian Mineralnye Vody / N. Sheiko - M .: Veche, 2011. - 304 p., ill.

Polls

Calendar

Our instagram

4 days ago by youth_stavropol Book Freemarket! On March 17, we invite everyone to the traditional book fair“I read the book - pass it on to someone else!”. Throughout the day, you can bring books from your library and exchange them for suggested titles. You can also visit intellectual sites. At 11.00 - the meeting of the philosophical club "Author" will begin. At 13.00 - the next meeting of lovers and connoisseurs of literature "Circle of the Word". We are waiting for everyone who feels the undiscovered potential of the writer, or simply wants to enjoy the advice of the masters of the word and pen. Topic: "Writing an essay." At 14.00 - in the studio "Reading Together" an open lecture by NCFU Professor L. I. Bronskaya "At the poetic map of Russia 20

3 days ago by youth_stavropol #THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL STUDIES RECOMMENDS #THE ATTRACTIONS A monument to a record book, or simply a “Student” in Stavropol! On one of the central streets of the regional center, on Mira Street, there is a composition called the Gradebook Monument, or simply “Student”. The monument is located opposite the main building of the Stavropol State agricultural university. Volumetric author metal composition- Stavropol avant-garde artist Vasily Chuikov, a member of two Unions - artists and designers of Russia. The unique works of the sculptor "from what is at hand" can be seen on the streets of Stavropol, Pyatigorsk, Volgograd, Nevinnomyssk and others settlements South of Russia. Art direction where Chuikov works is called aneplasty. It's decorative sculptural compositions from metal, where he adds a lot more. monument height

4 days ago by youth_stavropol What a charm - these tales! In the studio "Reading together. Reboot” is another studio lesson under the program “Learning to read and understand the classics”. We will be glad to see you on March 27 at 12.00. The host of the program, NCFU Professor L. I. Bronskaya, gives an open lecture on the topic: “Pavel Bazhov is the author of the famous “Ural Tales”. In childhood, we all read the tales of P. Bazhov with enthusiasm, watched films made according to the wonderful interesting stories. In this lesson, the attention of those present will be focused on how they were created, where the author drew the plots and images of the characters. Library guests will learn a lot of interesting things about the search for material for tales. In many ways he

6 days ago by youth_stavropol Environmental campaign "Clean Reading"! Molodezhka hosted the Clean Reading environmental action, the purpose of which was to draw attention to writers and poets who write about nature, to introduce thematic literature on ecology and protection environment. Students of MBOU secondary school No. 28 5 "B" class were able to participate in the work of various creative platforms who worked during the event. Connoisseurs of environmental sciences were waiting for the quiz "Nature pure heart”, which immediately attracted attention with its original questions about nature and not only. Those who were keen on photography were attracted by a photo-dryer, which was called "Nature wonderful moments". All guests were introduced to book fair"Clean Book" and offered to remember their favorite writers and

6 days ago by youth_stavropol #LITERARYCALENDAR Anniversaries 2019: March 14 - 215 years since the birth of the Austrian composer J. Strauss-father (1804-1849) - 140 years since the birth of the German physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Johann Baptiste Strauss (better known as Johann Strauss-father) - Austrian composer, violinist and conductor. Ancestor musical dynasty Strauss. His three sons - Johann, Joseph and Eduard - also became famous composers. The composer's legacy includes 251 creations (of which 152 are waltzes). This legacy was carefully preserved by his son Johann Strauss Jr. and published in 1889 in Leipzig. By the age of 28, Strauss had become so famous that even during cholera in 1832