In culture Eastern Slavs the wolf is an animal - a myth.
The wolf belongs to the "foreign" world.
The appearance of the wolf in the legends is associated with the earth. According to legend, the Devil envied God, who molded a person. The devil fashioned a wolf out of clay. But having created the form, he could not revive it.
The devil suggested that if the wolf was directed against God, he would come to life. The devil began to run around the wolf and shout: "Bite him!" But the wolf did not come to life. This went on until God shouted, "Bite him!"
The revived wolf attacked the Devil. The devil was frightened and climbed onto the alder tree.
But the wolf managed to grab the Devil by the heel. The blood from the wounded heel of the Devil fell on the tree trunk. Since then, the wood of the alder has been reddish.
And the Devil has become ruthless. People call him Antipka (Anchutka) the Fingerless or Fingerless.
IN folk culture the image of the wolf is associated with death and the world of the dead.
The wolf acts as an intermediary between the world of people and the forces of other worlds.
Proverbs and sayings about the wolf.
To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest.
And the wolves are full - and the sheep are safe.
No matter how much you feed the wolf, he looks into the forest.
The wolf can be seen in sheep's clothing.
The wolf will not eat the wolf.
Poems about the wolf.
"Wolf" Sasha Cherny
The whole village sleeps in the snow.
No hoo.
The moon disappeared for the night.
Snow is blowing.
The kids are all on ice
On the pond
Sledges squeal together -
let's go in line!
Some are in harness, some are riders.
Wind to the side.
Our baggage stretched
To birches.
Suddenly the leader shouts:
"Damn, stop!"
There were sleds. The laughter is silent.
"Brothers, the wolf! .."
Wow, they splashed back!
Like a city
Scatter everything from the pond -
Who where.
Where is the wolf? Yes, it's a dog
Our Barbos!
Laughter, roar, laughter and sense:
"Ay, yes, the wolf!"
Readings about the wolf.
One two three four five.
Nowhere for a bunny to jump.
There is a wolf walking everywhere.
He teeth - click, click!
And we hide in the bushes.
Hide, bunny and you!
The wolves roar
Looking for food.
We'll catch them first
And then we'll play
Wolf Tales.
The wolf is the hero of many fairy tales. Everyone knows them.
Vladimir Propp in the book "Mythology fairy tale"writes that in Russian fairy tales there is admiration and respect for the wolf. The wolf is an assistant and friend in "The Tale of Ivan the Tsarevich, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf."
In the fairy tale "The Tale of the Chanterelle - Sister and the Wolf" the ingenuous wolf is deceived by the fox. In the fairy tale "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", the wolf is bloodthirsty and wants to eat the kids. In the fairy tale "Teremok", the wolf, like all animals, asks for a teremok and lives together with other animals.
Mobile game "Wolves and Koloboks"
For a group of children
Purpose of the game: development of speech, development of dexterity and attention, compliance with the rules of priority.
Game progress:
All children stand in one big circle. Each child holds an object in his hands (a cube, a circle made of cardboard, a small hoop for a ring toss, a lid of a round or oval shape bright color or another.) One half of the circle of children is "Wolves", and the second is "Koloboks". And there is a dialogue between them.
Wolves: Koloboks - koloboks,
We know that you are timid.
Get into our bag
Lock your mouths
Wait quietly for your outcome.
Koloboks: We will not climb into the bag.
We know that the wolf is cruel!
The image of the wolf
Russian folk
fairy tales
Vekshin Yaroslav 3a class
Purpose of the study
The purpose of my research was to understand why
The wolf in fairy tales is always depicted in different ways. That
like a stupid and narrow-minded animal, then how
faithful friend and helper, then as a creepy and
vicious enemy.
Let's try to figure it all out.
Wrapped in a peculiar aura of mystery, wolves are not in vain
became the heroes of legends and horror films, songs and novels.
They are credited with mystical abilities and incredible power.
Which, in fact, they don't have. Yes, wolves can smell prey.
or each other at a distance of 1.5 km, and they, if necessary,
many hours pass tirelessly.
Besides the fact that wolves are still one of the most dangerous
predators (yes!), they still make a huge contribution to the cleansing
territory of their residence from the sick, weak and even dead
animals. “Orders of the forest” is not in vain they were given such a nickname.
All over the world, people tell stories to entertain each other.
Sometimes fairy tales help to understand what is bad in life, and
what well. There were fairy tales long before the invention of books, and
even writing.
In fairy tales about animals, they implausibly argue, talk,
quarrel, love, make friends, animals quarrel: the cunning "fox - with
beautiful conversation, "silly and greedy" wolf-wolf - from under the bush
grabbing", "mouse-gnawing", "cowardly hare - bow-legged, according to
slide. All this is unbelievable, fantastic.
The appearance of various characters in Russian fairy tales about animals
originally due to the circle of representatives of the animal
world, which is characteristic of our territory. That's why
logical is the fact that in fairy tales about
animals we meet with the inhabitants of forests, fields, steppe
expanses (bear, wolf, fox, wild boar, hare, hedgehog, etc.). IN
In fairy tales about animals, animals themselves are the main characters -
characters, and the relationship between them determines the character
fabulous conflict.
In fairy tales about animals, one of
main characters is
wolf. It's straight
the opposite of the image
foxes. In fairy tales, the wolf is stupid,
easy to deceive. No, it seems
such a disaster, no matter what
got this unlucky,
perpetually beaten beast. So,
the fox advises the wolf to catch
fish, dropping its tail into the hole.
The goat offers the wolf
open your mouth and stand under
mountain so that he can jump into
mouth. The goat overturns
wolf and runs away (the fairy tale "Wolf-
fool"). The image of the wolf in fairy tales
always hungry and alone. He
always gets into the funny
ridiculous position.
However, in ancient
cultures image of a wolf
associated with death
so in fairy tales this
animal character
often eats someone
("The wolf and the seven Young goats")
or disturb the peace
animal life ("Zimovye
animals"). But in the end good
fairy tale characters
Russian fairy tales always
cheat or win
wolf. For example, the wolf
fairy tale "Sister Chanterelle
and the wolf" remains without a tail.
“... meets a young
warrior gray wolf ... "This
also a symbol. Symbol of the
Perun. Mighty Storm God
god of justice, light and
military prowess,
appearing on earth
prefers the form of a wolf.
Wolf-Perun is wise, brave and
very fast. It's on him
other tales of Ivan Tsarevich
covers huge
distances. Moreover, Perun
becoming a hero is not easy
friend, but brother. ABOUT
what does that say? That,
having in brothers himself
Peruna, Russian hero
able to crush someone
whatever.
So now let's think
why is the wolf in all fairy tales
so different? For this you need
remember that fairy tales originally
no one recorded
transmitted exclusively from
mouth to mouth. And only in a narrow circle.
It's impossible to imagine that
the son of some merchant was listening
a fairy tale from an ordinary peasant.
And who could be afraid of wolves?
That's right, peasants. Wolves
could attack livestock, people,
and the peasants could bear from this
terrible losses. For these people
terrible wolf, that's in their fairy tales
he was scary, but still
victorious. Yes, and peasant
children were told such stories,
so that it would be discourteous in the forest
walk "a gray top will come
and bite on the flank."
“And examples of ... wolves - favorites of children and adults will be? "(With)
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich is a wonderful Russian artist. In the skill of writing historical and folklore painting, he has no equal. The whole world knows such his creations as "Bogatyrs", "Knight at the Crossroads", "Alyonushka". The painting "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" turned out by the artist, like a revived fairy tale on canvas. It was written according to the plot of a folk tale, when you look at it, you immediately remember your childhood and wonderful stories about fairy tale characters. The main characters look as if they are about to leave the picture and rush into the distance.
Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf
“in the dungeon there the princess is grieving
and the gray wolf serves her faithfully..”
The wolf is not always a negative character.
In folklore different peoples the wolf often acts as part of a noble and grateful force. Sometimes even sacred. It is not uncommon for people to consider the wolf their ancestor.
The wolf was also revered by the ancient Germans. The names Adolf or Wolfgang have a root origin from the word "Wolf".
In nature, the wolf, first of all, the nurse of the forest, ensures the development ...
In addition, from personal experience- wolves are excellent parents, some freaks use this to tie wolf cubs - parents still feed, and the skin of an adult wolf is much more expensive than a wolf cub.
The wolf does not attack near its lair (if it does not protect offspring).
“... a young warrior meets a gray wolf. This is also a symbol. The symbol of Perun himself. The mighty God of thunder, the God of justice, light and military prowess, appearing on earth, prefers the appearance of a wolf. Wolf-Perun is wise, brave and very fast. It is on him in other tales that Ivan Tsarevich covers vast distances. Moreover, Perun becomes the hero not only a friend, but also a sworn brother. What does it say? The fact that, having Perun himself in his brothers, the Russian hero is able to crush anyone. That on earth he has no equal among people. And here, in the tale of the fight against Koshchei the Deathless, his magical speed is required. (With)
From the tale of Koshcheeva's death.
“The negative hero is the “Grey Wolf”. The wolf is a strong, noble and independent animal. For whom is the wolf an unambiguous nightmare, bears a clear negative? Definitely not for a feudal lord, who rather feels a kinship of souls with this wolf, can be hacked to death in battle, hang a trophy on the fireplace, and give wolf cubs to children for upbringing. A wolf is a nightmare for a goat herd, and for a goat herd for which the loss of a couple of heads from the herd is extremely critical. the herd is not his, but the master's, and for one master's goat you can be left without a head. For a goat-herd who cannot hunt a wolf himself - because then he will not only be a goat-herd, but also a hunter and a warrior (consider free man with a weapon that will build relations with the feudal lord on completely different principles) - therefore, the master’s forest and everything in the master’s forest, the master’s game ... it turns out that the wolf in the forest is also the master’s vassal, and hunt for the master’s game with the master’s permission. And the life of a goat-herd is to make sure that the master's wolf does not inadvertently bite the master's goat. You can’t explain to a wolf that he has no moral right to eat a master’s vassal and a master’s goat - you can’t explain it more precisely, but the goat herd MUST explain how, his goat herd problems ... Despite the fact that the goat herd himself is lower than the wolf in this hierarchy, his life is filled with permanent tragic excitement and quite bleak prospects.
It is the goat-herds who tell their children, also future goat-herds, tales about a terrible gray wolf, which needs to be outmaneuvered. The feudal lords, of course, told their children completely different things.
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Recording: The image of a wolf in ... folk tales
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fairy tale animal moral teaching
wolf is enough popular character Russian folk tales, but in the minds of Russian people, his image is endowed for the most part with negative characteristics. Most often, in Russian folk tales, a wolf is a silly and rustic beast, which everyone constantly deceives and substitutes (Sister Chanterelle and Wolf, Wolf and Goat, Fool Wolf, Wintering of animals). But it should be noted that even when the wolf in fairy tales is represented as a fool, he is never vile and low, unlike a fox.
It has already been said earlier that fairy tales about animals were created not only for the edification of the little ones. Many of them, with the help of funny fiction, jokes, make fun of vices. And, for example, the embodiment of stupidity in fairy tales is often a wolf. His stupidity is the stupidity of a cruel and greedy beast. Storytellers seem to deliberately put the wolf in conditions that justify his actions, which should cause the listener to feel pity for him, but this does not happen, because there is no place in life for stupidity, cruelty and greed - this is the main thesis of fairy tales.
One of the most famous fairy tales about a wolf - a fairy tale Wolf and seven kids. The mother goat, leaving the house, warns her kids to beware of the wolf that roams nearby. Meanwhile, the wolf, taking advantage of a good moment, knocks on the goats and declares that he is their mother. And the kids say in response that their mother's voice is soft, while his voice is rough. To soften his voice, the wolf eats a piece of honey, but the goats still do not let it in, because their mother's paws are white, not black, like those of a wolf. Then he goes to the mill and soils his paws in flour. The kids let the wolf in, who immediately eats them all, except for the smallest one, who hid in the stove. Returning home, the mother goat sees the devastation that the wolf arranged and the smallest goat that escaped, who tells her about what happened. She goes after the wolf and finds him sleeping with a full stomach, in which something is stirring. The mother goat rips open the belly of the wolf, and six kids come out alive. Instead of kids, their mother fills the belly of the wolf with stones. The next morning, the goat met the wolf and invited him to compete in jumping over the fire, the goat jumped over, the wolf also jumped, but the stones pulled him down. So the wolf burned down. Another version of the final - the wolf, waking up with stones in his stomach, wanted to drink, went to the stream, slipped, fell into the water and drowned from the weight.
In this tale, the wolf is cruel and merciless; for the sake of his prey, he is able to deceive the little goats who were left alone at home. By deception (he speaks in the voice of a mother-goat), he tells the kids that he is their mother and asks to let him go home. And when they let him in, the wolf eats all the goats except for one, which he did not notice. It is thanks to the little goat in this tale that evil, greed and ruthlessness are punished.
In the Tale of the Wolf and the Fox, the wolf appears to readers in a slightly different way - a stupid and naive beast that is easy to deceive. The fox in his house manipulates and controls the wolf, deftly talking to him. At the very beginning of the tale, it is said that the fox lived in an ice hut, and the wolf lived in a brushwood one, and when spring came, the fox's hut melted, and she began to ask the wolf to live in the house. The wolf took pity on her and foolishly let her in. Every day the fox managed to deceive the wolf: she said that guests were coming to her and went out to them to eat his sour cream, butter, slowly changed her sleeping place so that it was closer to the stove. So, the fox moved to sleep on the stove, and the wolf moved under the stove. The tale ended with the fact that, continuing to deceive the wolf, the fox remained to live in his house forever, becoming the mistress there, and making the wolf a servant.
The stupidity of the wolf is also described in the fairy tale How the fox sewed a fur coat for the wolf. The stupid wolf asked the cunning fox to sew a fur coat for him. The fox received sheep from the wolf: she ate meat and sold wool. And when the wolf ran out of patience, and he asked for his fur coat, the fox ruined him by deceit.
So, from the tales discussed above, we can conclude that the wolf is often stupid, but this is not its main feature: it is cruel, ferocious, angry, greedy - these are its main qualities. He eats the poor old man's horse, breaks into the winter quarters of the animals and disturbs their peaceful life, wants to eat the goats, deceiving them with a song. But such qualities are never encouraged in fairy tales, so the wolf always gets what he deserves.
The role of animals in Russian folk art extremely large and varied. Almost all fairy tales feature some kind of animal. Among them, one can single out a fox, a bear, a wolf, a hare, a hedgehog, a magpie and others. With these well known bright characters adults tell their children about what is good and what is bad. The first fairy tales in history appeared long before the invention of books and writing and were passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. That is why they are called folk. Let's consider the most popular animals appearing in fairy tales and compare how much their "fabulous" characteristics coincide with their description in real life.
“Fox-sister”, “Fox-beautiful in conversation”, “Fox Patrikeevna”, Lisafya, Fox gossip - this is how the Fox is affectionately called in Russian folk tales. This red-haired cheat is definitely a favorite character of all time. And invariably she is cunning, smart, quick-witted, prudent, vindictive and insidious. So, only she was able to outwit and eat the poor Kolobok, lead the stupid wolf, whose tail was frozen to the hole, and even deceive the peasant by pretending to be dead. The main idea of these fairy tales is to tell children that what matters in life is not strength, but cunning. Despite this, the fox is still negative character. In some fairy tales, the peaceful little animals affected by this red cheat have to work hard to outwit and teach the Fox herself a lesson.
But is the fox really so cunning and smart? The German zoologist Alfred Brehm, in his book Animal Life, argues that the cunning of the fox in Russian fairy tales is greatly exaggerated, but the mind of the wolf, on the contrary, is underestimated. Otherwise, the real common fox is in many ways similar to the "fabulous" one: red hair, a beautiful fluffy tail, the fox often hunts a hare or visits nearby chicken coops.
"Bear clumsy", "Mikhail Potapych" or simply Mishka in its popularity, does not lag behind the Fox. This character is often presented in the tale as lazy, fat and clumsy. Big and clumsy, he is slow, stupid and dangerous. Often he threatens the weak with his strength, but in the end he always loses, because it is not strength that matters, but speed, dexterity and intelligence - this is the meaning of fairy tales involving Mishka. Most popular fairy tales- "Three Bears", "Masha and the Bear", "Tops and Roots". However, in real life, the brown bear is not as slow as one might think. He can run very fast and, besides, he is not particularly stupid. Otherwise, his "fabulous" image has a lot to do with him. common features: he is really big, dangerous and a little clubfoot: when walking, his socks look a little inward, and his heels look outward.
photo 1
“Running Bunny”, “Cowardly Bunny” or “Slanting” is also a very common hero of Russian fairy tales. His main feature- cowardice. In some fairy tales, the Hare is presented as a cowardly, but at the same time boastful, cocky and stupid hero, and in some - on the contrary, as a moderately cautious and intelligent forest animal.
For example, in the fairy tale “Hare-Bouncer” or “Fear has big eyes”, the cowardice of the Hare is ridiculed, main idea these tales - you must always be brave. At the same time, in the fairy tale "Zayushkina's hut", the Bunny appears before us positive character who needs support and protection.
In real life, the hare, like his "fairytale" character, is long-eared, fast, agile, cautious and attentive. Due to the special position of the eyes, the hare can look not only forward, but also backward. While chasing, the hare may "squint" its eye to calculate the distance to its pursuer. For this ability, the hare was nicknamed Oblique. Main enemy a hare, as in fairy tales, is a fox.
"The gray wolf - with his teeth", "The wolf-wolf - from under the bush", "The wolf-fool" is presented in most cases as a negative character, stupid, angry, hungry and dangerous. But, in most cases, he is so stupid that, in the end, he is left with nothing. For example, "The Tale of the Fox and the Wolf" or "The Wolf and the Seven Kids". In these fairy tales, the wolf is the embodiment of evil, and the main message for children is that good always triumphs over evil. However, in some fairy tales, the wolf appears to us as a wise and true friend a person who is always ready to help, an example of this is the fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf."
In real life, the wolf can indeed be extremely dangerous. Often he is hungry and wanders through the forest in search of food. But his intelligence is grossly underestimated. The wolf is an intelligent and organized animal, a clear structure and discipline can be traced in the wolf pack. Wolves create incredibly strong couples, their unions are strong, and the wolves themselves are a real personification of loyalty and love for each other. A tamed wolf can indeed become faithful and devoted friend for a person.
Prickly Hedgehog - has long appeared before us in the form of a kind, quick-witted old man, wise in life. Despite his small stature and small legs, he always comes out the winner thanks to his extraordinary mind and cunning. So, for example, in the fairy tale “The Hare and the Hedgehog”, the hedgehog outwitted and killed the poor Hare, with whom they allegedly ran a race, and in the fairy tale “The Magic Wand”, the Hedgehog taught the Hare various life tricks, explaining what is needed first to survive just think with your head.
In real life, the Hedgehog is not distinguished by an outstanding mind, but he is not stupid either. When in danger, the hedgehog curls up into a prickly ball, which makes it inaccessible to predators, as stated in fairy tales.
