Belongs to Benoy teip, one of the most numerous and famous Chechen teips. Its representatives are brave warriors, talented leaders and true admirers of ancient customs. So what is known about Kadyrov's teip?
Historical facts
Teip (clan, tribe) - a unit of organization of the Vainakh peoples (Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi), which differs common origin the people included in it. The Chechen teip is not a genus in the ethnographic sense. There are cases when he united people according to principles, and not by consanguinity. Each teip is subdivided into gars and nekyi (branches and surnames).
Legends say that the ancient Chechens had a bronze cauldron with the names of the first twenty teips forged on it. Among them was Benoy.
The village of Benoy is mentioned in ancient Arabic-language sources of other peoples. Information about Benoy is available in the book of the first half of the 15th century by the Alanian traveler and Muslim missionary Azdin Vazar. This suggests that it is rightfully considered the oldest.
One of the leaders in number
Benoy is one of the most numerous teips in Chechnya. Representatives of this clan claim that out of a million Chechens, a third belongs to their teip. They are settled throughout the republic and are divided into nine genera: Jobi-nekye, Asti-nekye, Uonzhbi-nekye, Ati-nekye, Ochi-nekye, Chupal-nekye, Devshi-nekye, Edi-nekye and Gurzh-makhkahoy.
Large communities settled in Benoy, Shelkovsky, Gudermes districts, the villages of Novye Atagi, Urus-Martan, Goity, Alkhan-Yurt, Shali and others. Most of the Benoyites are in the city of Urus-Martan. Teip natives live in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan, other regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Jordan, Saudi Arabia. A large number of Benoevs live in the diasporas of Western Asia.
Characteristic features of the Benoites
In the view of the Chechens, a true Benoev is a man of athletic build, tall, large, with big strong legs. Distinctive feature people of this kind - a calm disposition, sincerity, decency and gullibility. But at the same time, if they are angry, they will show everyone their militancy. People often say: "If you piss off a Benoite, then nothing can stop him."
At home, they are considered cunning and clumsy. But at the same time, the Benoyites are always fearless, true to their duty and word. They are well aware of the value of such concepts as "honor" and "decency". It was they who many centuries ago formed the backbone peasant people, who was able to get rid of the oppression of the Dagestan and Kabardian authorities. Representatives of this teip are considered the founders of democracy in the mountains, on which the ethnic mentality is based.
A. Berge in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" calls teip Benoy among the indigenous Samyz noble Chechen families. Benoevtsy as the largest tribe in terms of numbers for a long time played a leading role in the social and political life of Chechnya.
Beliefs and values
Representatives of teip Benoy are considered true Chechens. They are proud of their belonging to this nation. national name"Nokhchiy" is pronounced with dignity, in contrast to some Chechens who are reluctant to call themselves "Nokhchiy", they try to put this name out of use and replace it with "Vain".
The people of this teip consider each other brothers and sisters. Helping a loved one is the first rule of the family. No matter how many kilometers separate them, upon learning that they are of the same teip, the Benoevs strive with all their might to help each other in case of danger or need. Protecting their honor, the honor of a brother or the entire teip is a paramount task for which they are ready to risk their lives.
military glory
The Benoyites have always taken the most active part in wars. In battles, they earned themselves unfading glory. Especially significant role they played in the Russian-Chechen war XVIII - mid-nineteenth centuries.
It is known that only with the support of the Benoyites did imams and commanders begin their movements in Ichkeria and throughout Chechnya. When the Chechens were attacked by enemies, the saying “Va Vezan Dela, benoin ortza lolah!” was born among the people! (Oh, Great God, give the Benoyan army to help).
Representatives of the teip showed their heroism in the Caucasian war, in the Ichkerian (1842) and Dargin (1845) defeat tsarist armies, in a campaign against Georgia (1854) and others.
On May 13, 1859, all of Chechnya was conquered, and the foremen of all Chechen villages expressed their obedience to the tsarist military command. Only the Benoy villages did not submit. Brave, savvy people fled to the forests, formed new communities and again confronted the enemies, calling on everyone to defend their homeland to the last breath.
In the southeast of Chechnya (Nokhchichoy) in upper Ichkeria (Nokhchmokhk - modern Nozhai-Yurt district), in a hollow surrounded by wooded mountains to the very ridge, there are farms. This place is called Bena. Bena borders in the north with Engana and Gendargan, in the west with Darrla (Vedeno district), in the east with villages. Dattykh, in the south across the ridge is located with. G1ag1atli (Dag. ASSR-1andy) The Dagestanis called this village Bayan, part of the Avars -Baini, Russians -. Around the village of Ben there are more than a dozen farms: Vedana, Osi-Yurt, 1ozha-Yurt, Koiren Bena, Gurzhiin mokhk, Pkhachu, Ollamokhk, Dengi-Yurt, Lomk Arts, Sterchiyn kertashka, Bulgat irzu, Chilla k1azha and others.
The people living here are called benoevtsy (benoy). The people of this taip consider each other as taip brothers and sisters, and wherever they are, when they find out that they are of the same taip, they try to help each other in case of danger or need.
Taip benoi is included in Nokhchmahkahoy tukhum and is divided into 9 large gars:
1. Joby-nekye
2. Wanjby-nekye
3. 1asti-nekye
4. Achi-nekye
5. Chopal Nekye
6. Eyes-nekye
7. Dovshi-nekye
8. Edie Nekyo
9. Gurzhmakhkahoy
In taipa benoi, everyone is considered equal and there is no division into the best and worst gars and nekye.
People of the same gar are considered relatives (gergar nah). After the resettlement of the Benoevites in other villages, large gars became bud off smaller nekyō, named after pioneers or individual centenarians in the family.
For example, the Jobi-nekyo gar now includes Zha1par-nekye, Jonha-nekye, 1iski-nekye, Shatsi-nekye, Lit1i-nekye and others.
The Benoevsky taip is the largest in number, the most powerful and influential taip in Chechnya. The largest communities of the Benoi live in Benoy, Shelkovsky and Gudermes districts, the villages of Urus-Martan, Novye Atagi, Goity, Alkhan-Yurt, Shali and others. Most of the Benoyites are in the city of Urus-Martan. Representatives of the taipa benoi live in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and other countries. The Benoevites are considered true Chechens (tsenna nokhchiy). They are proud of their belonging to this nation they pronounce their national name "nokhchiy" with great dignity, in contrast to some unclean Chechens, who reluctantly call themselves "nokhchiy", they try to remove this name from use and replace it with the name "vainakh".
In the Chechen view, a true benoite (tsenna beno) looks like a man of large build, tall with big legs (there is even a saying “ bakkhy kogash bolu benoy”). A distinctive feature of the Benoyan people is candor, credulity to people and calm disposition . “But if you piss off a Benoite, then nothing will stop him,” people say.
In the area of Bena, as well as throughout Chechnya, people have been living since ancient times, at least for 40 thousand years, from the time when people still used stone tools. This is evidenced by random finds of stone tools in Benoy and its environs. Unfortunately, none of the archaeologists has yet excavated in Benoy.
Bena is a very ancient Chechen village. What this name means is not exactly known yet . But it is known that the ancient state of Urartu on the territory of Transcaucasia in the Urartian language, whose language was similar to modern Chechen, was called "Biayna". Some scholars believe that the Benoyites are the descendants of the Urartians (Prof. K. Chokaev, L. Babakhyan). According to the Benoyan Arabic-speaking teptars and genealogical According to the legends of the old people, the Benoi, as well as other Chechen taipas related to them (tsontaroy, gender gene, enganoy, zandakoy, bilta, 1allaroy, guna, bel-g1ata, kurchaloy, kharacha, ersana and others), are descendants of the Syrian Shahinshah (king) Said -Ali-ash-Shami and, once in the Caucasus, settled in the 10th century AD in the area of Nashkh (Galanchozh region), from where they moved to Makhkety, then to the Argun River and from there the legendary ancestor of the Benoites Bian moved through Tevzan to the place where he founded his village of Ben more than 1000 years ago.
This legend is also confirmed by the Nashkhoys, who point to the place where the ancestors of the Benoevs lived. This place is located in the Galanchozhsky district near the former Nashkhoevsky village of Motskara and is called "Bena-kha".
After the resettlement of the Benoi on the plain of Chechnya and in the mountains, many farms and villages of the same name appear: Be-ni-Yurt (Nadterechny district), Atag1a (Zhyma Ata-rla, Shali district), Bena (Shatoevsky district), k1otar ( Urus-Martanovsky district), arts (Shali district), etc.
The village of Benoy is also mentioned in the ancient Arabic-language sources (teptars) of other peoples. The village "Baya-ni-Yurt" is mentioned in the book about the history of Derbent "Der-bent-Name". Benoy is also mentioned in the book of the 1st half of the 15th century by the Alanian traveler and Muslim missionary Azdin Vazar.
In Iranian-language sources early XVII centuries, the village "Bayan, where the oil well is located" is mentioned as a village claimed by the Enderian princes (as well as Aukh and Salatavia).
The struggle of the Benoyites with the Kumyk princes in the 18th century led to the fact that in the dispute over Mount Benoin Lam, the Benoyites killed Prince Khamzatkhan, which became known to the Russian administration in Kizlyar.
The growing population of Benoi forced the Benoi to move to other lands, where, living in their own communities, the Benoi began to play a prominent role in the social and political life of the Chechen villages. So, according to Russian sources, from the middle to late XVIII century in the village of Aldy, representatives of the taip benoy played important role, and the Benoite Ada for a long time was the foreman of the village of Aldy, leading the struggle of the Aldy people against Prince Turlov. In addition, some of the Benoevites, who migrated from lack of land or because of blood feuds to other lands, mixed with other peoples, founding new surnames among them. So, according to legend, the Andians descend from the Benoites. Some Kumyks say that their ancestors came from Benoy. There are descendants of the Benoevs among the Ingush (the Akhilgovs, the Tsitskievs and part of the Dzhambulatovs) and the Cossacks.
According to the Benoy Teptars, the inhabitants of the village of Benoy were among the first in mountainous Chechnya to convert to Islam. At least one of the Benoyan ancestors of Khursul, who lived in the middle of the 16th century, was already considered a Muslim. In Benoy, Kurchaloin Berssheikh, who married a Beno-Evka, converted to Islam. The Benoyites actively participated in the spread of Islam in Nokhchmokhk. A. Berge in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" names taip bena among the indigenous Chechen noble (Uzden) families. .
The Benoevtsy, as the largest tribe in the Chechen people, for a long time played a leading role in the socio-political life of Chechnya.
The Benoyites played a particularly prominent role in the centenary Russian-Chechen war of the 18th - mid-19th centuries.
After the consolidation of the tsarist troops on the plane. Chechnya And the transfer of fortresses in the 20s of the XIX century. the Sunzha River, the center of resistance of the Chechens, passes into the mountains of the recalcitrant Nokhchmokhk (Ichkeria). Russian sources call the Ichkerinians (nokhchmakhkahoy) "the most powerful and warlike Chechen tribe." The base and epicenter of all political movements became "the very center of the land of the Ichkerinians, their main village of Benoy." Many Russian historians of the 19th century spoke about the fact that this aul was the main settlement of Ichkeria (Nokhchmokhka). (See Muhammed-Takhir al-Karahi. Shine of Dagestan sabers in some Shamil battles. T-! Makhachkala, 1990. P. 124, note 82; Volkova N. G. Ethnonyms and tribal names North Caucasus. M., 1973. S. 151).
Only with the support of the Benoyites did the imams and commanders begin their movements in Ichkeria and throughout Chechnya.
The Benoyites supported Imam Ghazi-Mohammed. After the defeat of 500 Cossacks in a horse battle near Gudermes, the Murids captured 2 cannons and “those two cannons were delivered to the village of Benoy” (Mukhammed-Takhir ... p. 30). In 1832, the army of Baron Rosen went through Chechnya with fire and sword. Then Benoy was also burned. But it did not take long before the recalcitrant Benoy “most contributed” to the plans of Tashev-Haji, the new imam of Chechnya.
In September 1839, after his defeat in Akhul-go, Imam Shamil with 7 murids, pursued and persecuted by all, went to Chechnya to his friends. In the hospitable Dattah he spends three days. Shamil's secretary wrote: “Then the murids went and stopped in the village of Benoy. The Benoyites showed them hospitality and great respect. Benoevets - Shamil's kunak even came to Dattykh to personally receive him as a guest. In the same place, after the twentieth day of the month of Rajab (1839), Muhammad-shapi, the son of Shamil, was born. Before the seventh day after his birth, a sacrificial animal was slaughtered in honor of Muhammadshapi” (p. 87.). Shamil lived in Benoy until the new moon of the month of Shaban.
M. N. Chichagova wrote in her book “Shamil in the Caucasus and in Russia” (St. Petersburg, 1889, p. 59) about the Benoites: “The inhabitants of this village, surrounded by wooded wilds, have always been rebellious and did not hide their hatred for the Russians. They willingly showed hospitality to Shamil.
The Benoyites and their leaders Barshkhin Baysungur (Boisa-rlap) and Solumgirin Soltamurad, having sworn allegiance to Imam Shamil, selflessly gave their lives in the gazavat for the freedom and independence of Chechnya.
It was at that time that the proverb was born that when the enemies were irresistibly pressing, the exhausted warriors asked Allah: “Wa Vezan Dela, benoin orca lolah!” (O Great God, give the Benoyan army to help). It was believed that even a cannon could not stop an inflamed Benoite (“Chura valla beno yokkha top tokhcha a satsa-lurvats”). The Benoy detachments showed their heroism in the Russian-Chechen war, in the Ichkeria (1842) and Dargin (1845) defeat of the tsarist armies, in the campaign against Georgia (1854) and others. And Naib Venoy Baysungur, having lost one eye, arm and leg in battles, continued to fight the enemy. The mazun (assistant of the naib) of Bsnoi and Baysungur's friend Solumgirin Soltamurad, the chiefs of the hundreds Ramzin 1ada, Barshkhin Bira, Mushin Zha1par, 1e-mazan T1elbish, Khukhan 1arb and many other famous and unknown warriors became famous in battles. Some Benoyites, despite huge losses, hardships and suffering, remained true to their oath and the idea of Chechnya's independence to the end.
On May 13, 1859, all of Chechnya was conquered, and the foremen of all Chechen villages expressed their obedience to the tsarist military command. Only the Benoy villages did not submit. Other Chechens, who did not want to submit to the enemy, also gathered here in the Benoev forests. The tsarist command outlawed the Benoyites. The leaders of the Benoevites, Baysungur and Soltamurad, led the resistance of the Benoevites. Baysungur with the Benoyites, following his oath, defended Imam Shamil in his last stronghold of Gu-nibe. After the surrender of Shamil, the recalcitrant Baysungur leaves for the Benoev forests, where he hides from the tsarist troops with his relatives and associates.
Imam Shamil knew well, respected and understood the role of the Benoites in the movement Chechen people. Already in captivity, in Kaluga, giving characteristics to the tribes of the Caucasus, Shamil, in a conversation with the bailiff Runovsky, singles out the Benoyites as the most recalcitrant. As he believed, it was from Benoy that all movements began. From there, the uprisings spread throughout Chechnya, and then spread to Dagestan. Imam Shamil stressed that as long as the one-eyed Baysungur is alive, the Russians cannot hope for peace in the Beno-Evo auls. The tsarist authorities began the eviction of some of the Benoevites from their auls.
Colonel Alibek with the tsarist army tried to capture Baisungur, but when the Benoyites refused to extradite him, he began to prepare a new general eviction.
In May 1860, the Benoyites revolted. Baysungur and Soltamurad became its head. They were supported on the Argun by Uma Duev from Zumsoy and Qadi Atabai Ataev. Baysungur was elected Imam of Chechnya.
By July, the uprising had engulfed almost all of Ichkeria. Some villages of Avars and Kumyks joined the Chechens. The Chechens inflicted a number of defeats on the tsarist troops.
But the Russians pulled together large military forces led by General Musa Kundukhov. Using numerical, technical superiority, as well as the betrayal of wealthy Chechens, the tsarist troops crushed this uprising at the end of January 1861. 15 auls of Ichkeria were destroyed. Benoy was also burned. In mid-February, Imam Baysungur with his two sons, his daughter and her boy, as well as some associates, was surrounded and after the battle he was captured wounded. His naib Soltamurad managed to escape from the encirclement and went to Argun, where he became one of the leaders of the mountain rebels. Imam Baisungur was hanged in Khasav-Yurt and buried in the village. Pachalkya (Auch). Others were sent to Russia.
The royal authorities decided to wipe Benoy off the face of the earth.
On January 29, 1861, 1218 people were evicted from only one village of Benoy, settled in 5-10 households in the flat villages of Chechnya indicated by him. At the same time, the village of Ben appeared in Shatoi (near the village of Patenkhalla). But the tsarist authorities failed to destroy the recalcitrant Benoy. People returned to the Benoev forests and restored their homes, and the Benoev people settled in other villages influenced others with their independent behavior.
In the course of the genocide against the Benoyites, the tsarist authorities also used a more vile method, trying through their local agents to humiliate the authority of the Benoyites among the Chechen people. It was at the time when, after the conquest of all Chechnya, the recalcitrant Benoyites continued to resist and influenced other Chechens, urging them to fight for the freedom of the Motherland, the tsarist agents began to widely spread rumors among the Chechens about the alleged stupidity of the Benoyites, to compose jokes and ridiculous rumors about them.
Many Benoyites who lived on the plane continued to fight for the freedom of the Chechen people. In the history of Chechnya, the abrek Benoin Vara from Novye Atagi became famous, who fought in the Russian-Chechen war, then participated in the uprising of 1860-1861, then became the vekil of Sheikh Kunta-hadzhi, and after the uprising in Shali in January 1864 he became the famous abrek who fought against the royal conquerors. In 1865, as a result of betrayal, Vara was surrounded in the village. New Atagi by Russian dragoons and killed.
The Benoyites, dissatisfied with the tsarist colonial regime, were preparing a new uprising. Its leader was Solumgirin Soltamurad. Refusing the requests of his associates to become the Imam of Chechnya, Soltamurad offered the imam to the young son of his friend Aldam, the scientist Ali-bek-hadji from Simsir.
After the start of the Russian-Turkish war on the night of April 13, 1877, an uprising of Ichkerinians began. Soltamurad was chosen as the head of all naibs. The uprising immediately covered 47 auls of Ichkeria with a population of up to 18 thousand people. The supporting force was the Benoyites, Zandakovites and others. The secretary of Imam Alibek-hadji Aldamov was his true friend Benoyan Poitukin Ra'su, who left the Arabic-language history of the uprising of Alibek-Khadji and his ordeals in hard labor after being convicted by the royal court.
The uprising lasted for about a year. The tsarist military leaders, who at first suffered setbacks and heavy losses from the Chechens, pulled together a huge force of 25 thousand soldiers and, using traitors from the Chechens and Dagestanis, began to destroy the villages. General Svistunov expressed his policy towards the rebels in 1877 in the words: “Both Benoy and Zandak must be evicted without exception to Siberia, or, if these scoundrels do not wish, they should all be starved to death in winter, like cockroaches, and destroyed by hunger.”
Benoy was completely destroyed and burned, and the Benoyites were again expelled from the village, but some of the inhabitants still stubbornly returned back to the ashes.
On November 27, 1877, with the help of deceit, Alibek was lured out and arrested along with his associates. On March 9, 1878, 11 people were hanged in Grozny. Many rebels, including the inhabitants of Benoy, were exiled to Russia and Siberia. The head of the naibs, 70-year-old Solumgiri Soltamurad from Benoi, knowing the cunning of the tsarist authorities, did not succumb to persuasion, categorically refused to surrender to the Russians and became an abrek. In 1878 he fell ill and died. He was buried with great honors in Benoy.
New repressions were brought down on the Benoyites. They were evicted, imprisoned, killed, trying to beat out of them the spirit and desire for freedom.
The Benoyites were scattered all over Chechnya. Part went to Turiya. not to submit to the Russians. If the tsarist authorities failed to provoke the deportation of the Benoyites to Turkey in 1865, then part of the Benoyites, together with other Chechens, left in 1905. The Benoyites are increasingly losing contact with each other, divided by various sects, socio-political currents, and economic inequality. Some of the Benoevites went to the abrechestvo. Due to the fact that the city of Grozny has become the economic and political center of Chechnya, Benoy is losing its former significance.
The revolution of 1917 in Russia stirred up the whole of Chechnya. A national liberation movement began in Chechnya, a war against tsarist officials and Cossacks for the return of lands taken away in the Caucasian war. One of the first in all the villages of Chechnya, representatives of the taipa bena rose to fight for freedom. Benoevtsy participate in various political movements, often at enmity with each other.
Some support Imam Uzun-Haji and his North Caucasian Emirate, others support the Bolsheviks and the Terek People's Republic, third Tapu Chermoev and his North Caucasian Republic.
But one way or another, the vast majority of the Benoi continued to fight for the freedom of Chechnya. In a hundred-day battles in the city of Grozny, Petimat Arsanova from Novye Atagi died from a Cossack bullet. Her brother Saidbey Arsanov participated in the revolution in Russia, was a Bolshevik, and later a well-known Chechen writer, author of the book When Friendship Is Known.
In the struggle against the Cossacks and Denikin's army, many Benoyites from Goyta, Alkhan-Yurt, Urus-Martan, Novye Atagi, Benoy and other villages gave their lives. But insidiously forgetting all their promises to give the Chechens independence. The Red Army has occupied Chechnya since February 1920. Already in August 1920, a new uprising broke out in the mountains of Chechnya and Dagestan against the Soviet government under the rule of Shamil's grandson Said-Bek and N. Gotsinsky. With the transfer of the center of the uprising to the mountains of Chechnya, Benoy again acquires its former significance as the main base of the rebels. In September 1921, the uprising was crushed after the transfer of large regular units of the Red Army there. But the Benoites were not subdued. N. Gotsinsky with his headquarters went to the mountains, from where he led the uprising until 1925.
Already at the end of March 1923, agents informed the Chekists that the influential Sheikh Ali. Migaev arrived in the village. Benoy, where he gathered his adherents and agitated them against the Soviet regime. On May 17, 1923, an illegal congress of representatives of the clergy took place in the village of Benoy. Nazhmutdin Go-tsinsky addressed the audience with a speech. He urged them to unite for an early armed action in order to achieve complete independence. At the end of March 1924, Ali Mitaev with his brother Umar and associates were arrested and executed in the Rostov prison. But the uprisings could no longer be contained. Mountainous Chechnya was again engulfed in an uprising led by Imam N. Gotsinsky. In 1925, after bloody battles, the uprising was crushed, and N. Gotsinsky was taken prisoner.
Having defeated the rebels, having arrested and exiled leaders and influential persons, having disarmed the Chechens, Soviet authority began a general "collectivization" and "dispossession" in 1928-29. All Chechnya revolted again in December 1929. The centers of the uprising were in Goyty (leaders Ahmad-mulla and Nuriev), Shali (Shita Ista mulov) and Benoy (leaders Yaroch and Khojas). “The rebels,” wrote A. Avtorkhanov, “occupied all rural and regional institutions, burned state archives, arrested the district authorities, including the chiefs of the GPU, seized the oil fields in Benoy, and established a temporary people's power. This provisional government turned to the Soviet government with a demand: 1) to stop the illegal confiscation of peasant property under the guise of collectivization; 2) stop arbitrary arrests of peasants, women and children, under the guise of liquidating the "kulaks"; 3) recall the chiefs of the GPU from all districts of Chechnya, appointing in their place elected civilian officials from the Chechens themselves with the right to prosecute only criminal elements; 4) liquidate the "people's courts" appointed from above and restore the institution of Sharia courts, provided for by the constituent congress of Gorskaya Soviet republic 1921 in Vladikavkaz; 5) stop the intervention of the regional and central authorities in the internal affairs of the Chechen Autonomous Region, and to carry out any economic and political measures in Chechnya only by decision of the Chechen congress of elected representatives, as provided for in the status of autonomy.
The Moscow government, recognizing in words the justice of the demands of the rebels, agreed to satisfy them when the rebels stopped the war.
But the Soviet government again deceived the Chechens by trying to arrest the leader of the uprising, Shita Ista-mulov. Shita called on all Chechens to ghazavat for the restoration of Imamat Shamil and the expulsion of infidels from the Caucasus. Shali, Goyts, Benoy rebelled again.
By mid-December 1929, huge forces were drawn to the borders of Chechnya: more than five divisions. By mid-January 1930, Goity and Shali were taken with huge losses. Shita retreated to Ichkeria.
At the end of March 1930, the commander of the Red Army, Belov, received fresh forces from Transcaucasia and “launched a large mountain offensive with the task of capturing the last point of the rebels, Bena. After two months of heavy fighting and heavy casualties, in April 1930, Belov entered Benoy, but did not find a single inhabitant in the village: all the inhabitants, including women and children, were evacuated further into the mountain slums.
Belov sent parliamentarians to the rebels with an offer of an honorable peace: an amnesty was declared to everyone who voluntarily returned to the village with the surrender of weapons. But the rebels refused to submit, saying that they would return to their villages only when Belov left with his troops.
Unable to achieve obedience by force, the Soviet government changed tactics and made temporary concessions, withdrawing troops, abolishing collective farms and state farms in Chechnya, bringing huge amounts of manufactured goods to Chechnya at very low prices, and declaring an amnesty for the rebels, including their leaders.
But by the autumn of 1931, when Shita Istamulov was treacherously killed by the Chekists, the GPU launched a large operation "to eliminate kulak-counter-revolutionary elements and mullah-nationalist ideologists." 35,000 people were arrested for the most part shot in prisons and died in exiles and camps. Among them there were many Benoevites.
At the end of February and the beginning of March 1932, it was decided to raise a new uprising under the leadership of Imam Motsu Sol-tamuradov in the Benoi farmstead of Sterch-Kerch and the village of Shuani.
March 19, 1932 in the village. Benoy and Sterch-Kerch began an armed uprising that engulfed many villages of the No-zhai-Yurt region. But the division of the OGPU troops (commander A. Kozlov) and the police squadron (commander D. P. Mur-zabekov) defeated the rebels during the fighting. A. Kozlov was killed, Murzabekov was seriously wounded, the political instructor of the police cavalry squadron X. Mochgov was killed. In May 1932, the Motsu rebels were surrounded and destroyed, Motsu himself was captured. The Chekists brutally dealt with the rebels. On the farm of Sterch-Kerch, the KGB executioner Mazlak Ushasv, with the help of military units, shot dozens of Benoevites on the spot, many were arrested. (Kurylev I.V. The combat path of the Chechen-Ingush militia. Grozny, 1976. P. 113, 116).
In the autumn of 1932, new mass arrests took place in the Gudermes and Nozhai-Yurt regions. IN total up to 3,000 people were arrested in the Chechen Nationalist Center case. Many of them died.
The recalcitrant Benoyites, like all Chechens, were subjected to annual purges, repressing the best representatives. Some managed to go to the forests and mountains, becoming abreks and waging an uncompromising armed struggle against the Soviet colonialists. Soviet power terrorized local residents, intimidated and destroyed everyone who could make even a hint of disagreement with the existing order. In 1937, the talented Chechen Benoev writers S. Arsanov from Novye Atagi and S. Baduev from Urus-Martan were repressed.
In 1943, Soviet Chekist troops from the Chekist Republic and the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic carried out a new bloody operation in the Benoevsky farm Lomk-Orts, suddenly attacking civilians and shooting (under the guise of reprisals against bandits) all the captured men.
It was preparation for the mass expulsion of Chechens from the Caucasus.
As a result of the eviction, the Benoyites divided tragic fate of the entire Chechen people: half of all people died.
Some others died in the war with Germany.
After the Chechens returned to their homeland in 1957, the Benoyites literally returned to Benoy and other villages with a fight.
They restore houses, fields, gardens, study, work, despite the most severe discrimination from the chauvinist authorities of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Teachers, doctors, historians, philologists, journalists, workers, soldiers, artists and others emerge from the Benoites.
Artists Isa Yasaev, Kharon Isaev, formatter for artistic sculpture- Doka Dzhabrailov from Urus-Martan, candidate of legal sciences philosopher Adam Dudayev from Novye Atagi, candidate historical sciences Shakhrudin Gapurov from Benoy, Opera singer Movsar Mintsaev from Beni-Yurt, Nadterechny district, theater actor Ali Mairsultanov from Urus-Martan, military pilot Khairudin Visangariev from Benoi, vice-president of the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, member of the Parliament of the Chechen Republic Isa Arsamikov from Urus-Martan, first chairman of the organizing committee of the first stage of the national congress of the Chechen people Lecha Umkhaev from Urus-Martan, the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Chechen Republic Shamil Beno, former Minister light industry and Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Chechen Republic Musa Doshukaev, the first head of the finance department of the Chechen Republic Rizvan Guzhaev, Abdurashit Zakaev - the first chairman national bank Chechnya, former minister of social security Vakha Magomedov from Urus-Martan, professional boxer master of sports Albert Guchigov, second mufti of the Chechen Republic Garkaev Makhmud from Novye Atagi, Nuzhn Daaev - CEO Chechenavtodor, honored teacher of the CHIASSR Dzhanarali-ev Ali, honored teacher of the RSFSR Yasaev Adlan from Urus-Martan, Mulaev Imran - deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CHIASSR and others.
The Benoites, who ended up in Jordan, showed themselves on the best side. Among the Benoites there were the Minister of Communications Said Beno, Deputy Chief of the Customs Service Amin Beno, generals AbdulLatif Said Batal, Samih Musa Beno, Sami Abdel-Hadi, Abdal-Me-jid. The Benoevites in the Chechen community of Jordan are the most influential part.
The best representatives of the Benoy taip continued to fight the Soviet colonial regime.
In the 1980s, a talented writer, a member of the literary club "Prometheus *", a student of the philological faculty of the Chechen State University Malik Akhmadov from Benoy, tragically died. Died trying to hijack a passenger plane to Turkey, dissident Makhaev from Urus-Martan. Many Benoyites have participated since 1987 in informal public organizations"Caucasus", "Bart", "People's Front", "Vainakhskaya Democratic Party” and others, participated in meetings, rallies, pickets, shook the foundations of the Soviet empire, advocated the idea of the sovereignty and independence of the republic, participated in the preparation of congresses of the Chechen people. The arrival in the city of Grozny on September 6, 1991 of a large detachment of Benoyites from Urus-Martan put an end to a month and a half rally demanding the overthrow of Supreme Council CHIASSR and its chairman D. Zavgaev. On this day, the assault and fall of the communist regime followed. Most of the Benoyites, like their ancestors, stood up for the independence of the Chechen Republic on November 8, 1991 and during the pro-Russian putsch on March 31, 1992. Two of the guardsmen who died defending television were Daud Reshidov and Ibragim Temchiev from Benoy. Many Benoyites showed heroism during the war in Abkhazia. On June 4, 1993, the Benoyites again defended the independence of Chechnya. During the assault on the city assembly, Minkail Borziev from Benoy was killed, several Benoyites were wounded.
Died tragically on the same day national hero Chechen Member of Parliament Isa Arsamikov.
The whole history of the Benoy taip is an inseparable part of the history of the Chechen people. It was in the name of the entire Chechen people that the Benoyites gave their lives in the name of the entire Chechnya. The entire history of the Benoev taip shows that the Benoevites never followed the selfish interests of individual groups.
The independence of Chechnya, the freedom of the Chechen people and every Chechen, equality and prosperity - this is the idea for which our ancestors fought and for which we and our descendants must fight.
The publication was carried out at the expense of the Baisangur Benoevsky Charitable Foundation.
Book by Dalkhan Khozhaev"ROLE OF THE BENOEV TAIP IN THE HISTORY OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE", 1993
What is known about Kadyrov's teip - Benoy?
The head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov, belongs to the Benoi teip, one of the most numerous and famous Chechen teips. Its representatives are brave warriors, talented leaders and true admirers of ancient customs. So what is known about Kadyrov's teip?
Historical facts
Teip (genus, tribe) is a unit of organization of the Vainakh peoples (Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi), which is distinguished by the common origin of its constituent people. The Chechen teip is not a genus in the ethnographic sense. There are cases when he united people according to principles, and not by consanguinity. Each teip is subdivided into gars and nekyi (branches and surnames).
Legends say that the ancient Chechens had a bronze cauldron with the names of the first twenty teips forged on it. Among them was Benoy.
The village of Benoy is mentioned in ancient Arabic-language sources of other peoples. Information about Benoy is available in the book of the first half of the 15th century by the Alanian traveler and Muslim missionary Azdin Vazar. This suggests that it is rightfully considered the oldest.
One of the leaders in number
Benoy is one of the most numerous teips in Chechnya. Representatives of this clan claim that out of a million Chechens, a third belongs to their teip. They are settled throughout the republic and are divided into nine genera: Jobi-nekye, Asti-nekye, Uonzhbi-nekye, Ati-nekye, Ochi-nekye, Chupal-nekye, Devshi-nekye, Edi-nekye and Gurzh-makhkahoy.
Large communities settled in Benoy, Shelkovsky, Gudermes districts, the villages of Novye Atagi, Urus-Martan, Goity, Alkhan-Yurt, Shali and others. Most of the Benoyites are in the city of Urus-Martan. Teip natives live in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan, other regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Jordan, Saudi Arabia. A large number of Benoevs live in the diasporas of Western Asia.
Characteristic features of the Benoites
In the view of the Chechens, a true Benoev is a man of athletic build, tall, large, with big strong legs. A distinctive feature of people of this kind is a calm disposition, frankness, decency and gullibility. But at the same time, if they are angry, they will show everyone their militancy. People often say: "If you piss off a Benoite, then nothing can stop him."
At home, they are considered cunning and clumsy. But at the same time, the Benoyites are always fearless, true to their duty and word. They are well aware of the value of such concepts as "honor" and "decency". It was they who, many centuries ago, formed the backbone of the peasant people, who were able to get rid of the oppression of the Dagestan and Kabardian authorities. Representatives of this teip are considered the founders of democracy in the mountains, on which the ethnic mentality is based.
A. Berge in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" calls teip Benoy among the indigenous Samyz noble Chechen families. The Benoevtsy, as the largest tribe in terms of numbers, played a leading role in the social and political life of Chechnya for a long time.
Beliefs and values
Representatives of teip Benoy are considered true Chechens. They are proud of their belonging to this nation. The national name "Nokhchi" is pronounced with dignity, unlike some Chechens who are reluctant to call themselves "Nokhchi", trying to put this name out of use and replace it with "Vain".
The people of this teip consider each other brothers and sisters. Helping a loved one is the first rule of the family. No matter how many kilometers separate them, upon learning that they are of the same teip, the Benoevs strive with all their might to help each other in case of danger or need. Protecting their honor, the honor of a brother or the entire teip is a paramount task for which they are ready to risk their lives.
military glory
The Benoyites have always taken the most active part in wars. In battles, they earned themselves unfading glory. They played a particularly significant role in the Russian-Chechen war of the 18th - mid-19th centuries.
It is known that only with the support of the Benoyites did imams and commanders begin their movements in Ichkeria and throughout Chechnya. When the Chechens were attacked by enemies, the saying “Va Vezan Dela, benoin ortza lolah!” was born among the people! (Oh, Great God, give the Benoyan army to help).
Representatives of the teip showed their heroism in the Caucasian War, in the Ichkerian (1842) and Dargin (1845) defeat of the tsarist armies, in the campaign against Georgia (1854) and others.
On May 13, 1859, all of Chechnya was conquered, and the foremen of all Chechen villages expressed their obedience to the tsarist military command. Only the Benoy villages did not submit. Brave, savvy people fled to the forests, formed new communities and again confronted the enemies, calling on everyone to defend their homeland to the last breath.
According to Novaya Gazeta, last week the 4th Department for Particularly Important Cases of the Investigation Department Investigative Committee Chechnya opened a criminal case under article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - “encroachment on the life of a state or public figure». It's about about the investigation failed attempt attempt on the life of the head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov, which was prepared last spring on the territory of the Nozhai-Yurt district of Chechnya.
All the detainees were from Benoy teip, some belonged to the most famous Chechen families, others were relatives of high-ranking Chechen officials, including the head of the republic, Kadyrov himself. So, according to Novaya Gazeta, the cousin of the nephew of the head of Chechnya, Islam Kadyrov, Valid Yakhikhanov, was detained.
According to Novaya Gazeta, Valid Yakhikhanov, taking advantage of his close relationship with his brother Islam Kadyrov, obtained the secret telephone number of the head of Chechnya, which was known only to a limited circle of people closest to Ramzan Kadyrov (literally a few people).
Valid Yakhikhanov gave this number to Badrudi Yamadayev, one of the two surviving Yamadayev brothers.
Badrudi Yamadayev
The Yamadayevs are no less famous than the Kadyrovs, the Chechen clan. The surviving brothers consider Kadyrov guilty of the murder of State Duma deputy from the Chechen Republic Ruslan Yamadayev and commander of the Vostok battalion Sulim Yamadayev. For many years, it was Badrudi who was considered the most dangerous enemy of Kadyrov, his bloodline.
According to Novaya Gazeta, when his most dangerous enemy called Kadyrov on his personal secret number, he literally went into shock.
As a result of a prompt and very tough internal investigation (the nephew of the head of Chechnya, the head of his administration, Islam Kadyrov, appeared in public at the same time with plaster on both hands), the source of the leak, Vakhid Yakhikhanov, was identified. It was he who handed over information about the assassination attempt being prepared in the village of Benoy.
Islam Kadyrov at a meeting of the government of the Chechen Republic with plaster on both hands. May 2016
In the village of Benoy, Kadyrov has a huge residence. As a result of a thorough check, a planted explosive device of high power was found there. It also became known that in addition to Benoy, attacks were simultaneously being prepared on the residences of the head of Chechnya in several other large settlements(including Grozny). The conspirators during the searches were seized in in large numbers the latest small arms, grenade launchers, explosives.
One of the first to suffer because of this situation was Nazhud Guchigov, the head of the Nozhai-Yurt District Department of Internal Affairs, who became known to the whole world thanks to his forced marriage to an underage resident of the village of Baitarki Kheda Goylabieva
Guchigov was accused, in fact, of unprofessionalism and removed from his post as head of the district police department. At one point, the head of the police of the Nozhai-Yurt district, close and kindly treated by Kadyrov, lost all his privileges.
The "Benoevsky" conspiracy against Kadyrov was the most ambitious attempt to physically eliminate the head of Chechnya and his inner circle. Information about him was carefully hidden. Three months later, elections were to be held for the head of the republic. Kadyrov wanted to appear to Moscow as a confident winner. But information about such a large-scale conspiracy could compromise him and did not fit in with the "unanimous" support of the population. What kind of support can there be at all when even the elite is rebelling in the republic?
This was the second reason for Kadyrov's atypical restraint. The conspirators were from the same teip with him, came from famous families, whom Kadyrov gave the opportunity to rule the republic as his fiefdom. Radical measures would only aggravate the conflict within the Chechen ruling class. Therefore, many conspirators were severely punished, but their lives were spared.
However, Kadyrov was not going to put an end to this story. Having assessed all the risks and abandoned the practice of collective responsibility, the Chechen authorities decided to use Russian law. Moreover, no matter how ridiculous it may sound, only the Criminal Code allowed reaching out to the organizers of the assassination attempt in this situation. Russian Federation.
The first step in this "retaliation operation" was Kadyrov's official recognition of the assassination attempt. On September 16, on the eve of the elections, when technically victory was no longer in doubt, Kadyrov gave an interview to the Chechen media. During the interview, a clearly sanctioned question was asked by a Chechen journalist: “This was talked about for a long time, it was discussed for a long time, I don’t know if this is a rumor or not, I ask you to refute this or confirm whether an assassination attempt was being prepared on you or not? Recently, there were such rumors, we just did not find official confirmation of this information.
Video of Ramzan Kadyrov's press conference. Watch from 1:05:00
Indeed, - Kadyrov answered the question, - there were moments, but the security service worked in time. Well, it so happened that the criminals failed to realize their plans. But these are such frivolous moments, if every moment is given importance there, then we will stop working, stop living, we will sit there, you know, and watch what will happen tomorrow. Therefore, there is no need to pay special attention to them.
At the same time, according to Novaya Gazeta (now this is confirmed by the fact that a criminal case was opened under Article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Chechen Republic continued to carry out a set of operational-search measures in order to establish the role of the Yamadayev brothers in this attempt.
Today it is no longer possible to find out why and at what time such a system as Chechen teips was established. It is known that already in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Nokhchi (Chechens), having united with the Ingush, completely laid down their ethnic group. And until that time, it is not known how long a kind of military-economic unions, that is, Chechen teips, were formed.
Legend
Legends say that the ancestors of the Chechens had a bronze cauldron with the names of the first twenty teips forged on it, but the cauldrons that were not included in this list were melted down. Nevertheless, the names of the original twenty have been preserved: Sesankhoy Ilyesi-nekye, Benoy, Mlli-nekye, Yubak-nekye, Tsentoroy and the remaining fifteen.
Chechen teips also united with each other. These large formations were called tukhums. Already in the middle of the nineteenth century, nine tukhums united Chechen teips, of which there were one hundred and thirty-five. Today there are more of them, and they are divided into mountainous ones, of which there are more than a hundred, and plains, of which there are about seventy. Each teip is internally divided into branches and surnames (gars and nekis). The head is the council of elders of the teip, where the most experienced and distinguished representatives in addition, the position of a byachcha - a military leader is obligatory.
pure and mixed
Chechen teips were named, the list of which will be presented as completely as possible, according to the area where the clan lived, or the business that the clan was engaged in. For example, teip Kharachoy (translated into Russian - "cave") or teip Shara (translated - "glacier") are clearly named after the first type, but teip Peshkhoy is the teip of stove-makers, teip Khoi is guards, teip Deshni is gold jewelers .
There are pure and mixed teips. Nokhchmakhoy - this is the name of any pure teip - formed purely from Chechens, other blood was mixed with the rest. Guna, for example, is related to the Terek Cossacks, Kharacha - to a large extent with Circassian blood, Dzumsa - with Georgian, and Arsala - with Russian. Thus, mixed Chechen teips are distinguished. Their list is more extensive than the Nokhchmakhoy.
The main thing for teip is the beginning
Since this is a tribal union, the personality of each Chechen is formed here and all moral and moral standards. Postulates these Chechens call beginnings. Total started twenty-three. Some will be listed here. The inviolability and unity of customs for all members of the teip, without exception, is the first beginning. The second gives the right to land ownership on a communal basis. The third law is unlikely to correspond to the ideas of the rest civilized world- it prescribes blood feud for the murder of a teip relative, and this does not even depend on the proximity of kinship. To this day, pure Chechen teips are zealous about the established principles.
The fourth principle prohibits incest, that is, marriage between members of the teip is impossible. Fifth - for mutual assistance, if necessary, the entire teip is obliged to provide assistance to its representative. At the sixth beginning, the Chechens call to honor the dead: if a member of the teip dies, everyone wears mourning for a certain period of time, holidays and entertainment are prohibited. The seventh principle is about the council of elders, the eighth is about the choice of a leader and commander, not a single position is inherited. The ninth beginning is about representation, which is also decided by the council of elders, and the tenth is that positions in the council of elders are for life, but the history of Chechen teips also tells about cases of displacement of a representative.
blood feud
The third principle, which is professed by Chechen teips and tukhums, requires a wider disclosure. So, chir - for any person from the representatives of this genus. This is a custom with unusually deep roots. Even in the recent past, in the event of a murder, the whole family, and sometimes the teip, was forced to flee to foreign lands. Qi - blood - passed for many decades from generation to generation, until the last representative of a given surname, branch or teip was killed.
IN later time blood passes only to one family, but earlier the boundaries of the chir were determined by the council of elders of neutral teips.
Immediately after the murder, councils of elders gathered both in the teip where the misfortune happened, and in the one through whose fault it happened. In the first, they made a decision on revenge, and in the second, they looked for opportunities for reconciliation. Further negotiations followed. If the teip of the deceased did not agree to reconciliation, then neutral councils of elders were involved. If they did not win peace, then they began to work out the conditions for revenge: how widely revenge would spread, with what weapons. Under no circumstances should you kill a bloodline in the back and without warning, in holy month Ramadan, as well as on other holidays, cannot be killed in a crowded place and, even more so, at a party.
The beginning of the decomposition of the system
Civilization is taking over. Researchers are sure that today the teip system in Chechnya is gradually dying. Large teips - for example, Tsentaroy and Benoy - have grown so much that even blood relationship is forgotten and marriages within teips are possible. Many of them are gradually divided into an increasing number of genera, and the original teip becomes a tukhum.
Many Chechens remember the time when the youngest of them could name more than twenty tribes of their own direct ancestors. Now, not every young Chechen will even answer about belonging to a teip. Adults and the elderly are noticeably worried, because kinship in Chechen society is a fundamental value. People without a clan-tribe cannot be Chechens.
Noble Chechen teip
Yalkhoy, or rather, Yalkhoroy, a very famous teip. It was from him that the surname of Dudayev originated, and it is also one of the few teips in which alien hired workers existed, and according to other sources, slave labor. Origin is related to caste professional organization, warriors of Yalkhoroy even earned money by guarding the borders of other teips.
They lived in the village of the same name, as well as throughout Chechnya and Ingushetia, where they founded the village. The Yalkhoroians were the most faithful supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev. Until now, this clan has a cult of militancy and many other purely mountainous values: hospitality, reverence for women. They have a resolute disposition and in their ancestors consider themselves to be people of princely dignity.
Only a few Chechen teips have been studied well enough. Their origin is established and confirmed by numerous studies of scientists. Much less is known about the rest, and the information varies due to the fact that they are collected most often from oral legends and legends.
Chechen teip Line (Chartoy)
This is an extremely interesting clan, most notable for the fact that the Chartoys almost never fought, but on the contrary, they were peacekeepers and often acted as mediators in any intra-Chechen affairs. He was either on his own or in the tukhum of Nokhchmahkahoy - the information varies.
They had a family village in Chechnya - Chartoy-Yurt, but also lived in a dozen more places in Chechnya and in Georgia. From well-known representatives was the naib of Imam Shamil and a colonel in the guards of Alexander the First. According to Chechen teips - Jewish origin only teip Chartoy, this explains many differences between this clan and others.
Belgatoy, Beltoy (Biltoy) and Cherma
Pretty big and famous all over Chechnya teip Belgatoy itself once existed as part of the Beltoy teip. The legend of origin is very beautiful. Once upon a time, it happened that an epidemic wiped out almost the entire Belgata, but a few survivors multiplied again and made their family even more successful than it was before. This is confirmed by the name itself: bel - "to die", gatto - "to resurrect". Among Chechens, Belgatoys are considered to be very energetic and efficient people.
Beltoy (or Biltoy) is also a numerous and well-known clan. From here came the politician Beybulat Taimiev, a contemporary of Pushkin, about whom the poet wrote during his trip to Arzrum. The people of Beltoy are settled everywhere, and in the old days they lived in the Nozhayyurt district, in the east of Chechnya. A well-known clan that the whole Teipy knows, it is inhabited by various people, but the most prominent politician and oilman Tapa Chermoev came out from here. They settled mainly in the Mekhkets and near the Chermoy-Lam ancestral mountain, and in ancient times, as the legends say, all Chermoy people lived deep in the mountains.
Chechen teip Alleroy (Aleroy)
The name of this teip was kept on the legendary bronze cauldron brought by the ancestors to Nakhsh. It was here, in a settlement scattered throughout the country, but rooted in Eastern Chechnya, it was in this clan that the ex-president, who became a bandit, was born. This teip is clean, along with others written on a bronze cauldron, it is included in nakhchmakhkahoy. Settled in Nozhai-Yurt and Shali districts.
The story of the Alleroi has been around since the fifteenth century, after the invasion of Khan Timur, who killed many local residents and left his deputies in Chechnya from the Kabardian princes, Takrov, Nogai, Jai murzas and khans. The Chechens quickly multiplied and began to make daring attacks on the Timur vassals, trying to make a reconquista - to win back their lands. The first Aller founded the aul of the Alleroi, united the compatriots who remained after the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols in order to defend their lands. Alleroy is divided internally into five more teips, since the genus has become numerous, and it is still considered pure.
Benoy
It must be the most numerous of the teips in Chechnya, at least in second place in terms of numbers. Benoy billionaire Malik Saidullaev claims that out of the million remaining Chechens, three hundred and sixty thousand belong to the Benoy teip. They are settled throughout the republic, divided into nine genera. In all wars they took an active part, where they won unfading glory. For example, Baysangur Benoevsky did not leave Shamil until the very end, despite the military success that turned away from the hero.
A huge number of Benoyites live in the diasporas of Western Asia, from where terrorism is spreading throughout the world. And in Chechnya, on the contrary, the Benoyites are considered clumsy and cunning in a rural way. However, even here they are fearless, true to their word and duty. Many centuries ago, they formed the backbone of the peasant strata of the people, who overthrew the power of the Dagestan and Kabardian rulers. These are the fathers of mountain democracy, which became the foundation ethnic mentality. Among the clans of teip Benoy there are both Russian and Georgian blood.
Gendargenoy
The teip is also extremely numerous and famous, moreover - the center one, from the historical Nokhchiymokhk, widely settled in Chechnya. Diplomat and politician Doku Zavgaev is from here. Here is a granary for Chechnya, and for Dagestan, and much more remote places. It was here that the pre-Islamic Nashkha existed as a cultural, political, ritual and religious center.
The Council of the country (Mekhk khelov) was based here, from where pure Chechen teips appeared, among which, of course, Gendargenoy, whose representatives in the entire history of the country occupied one of the most prominent places. The Soviet government allowed the Gendargenoi to study, which they did with greater success than members of other clans. That is why this teip gave the country many leaders, party members and business executives.
Kharachoy and Deshni
This teip is famous for its representatives - and those who lived in different centuries, but with roughly equal fame. Information about this clan got into written Russian documents very early, and the Chechens say that it was the Kharachois who were the first to marry Russians, which did not prevent Zelimkhan from becoming an outstanding fighter against the royal power when the Caucasus was conquered. Chechnya respects this teip very much, considers it the most intelligent.
Deshni - mountain clan, south-east of the country, belongs to pure teips. Still preserved here princely surnames. One of those wearing this many years ago was able to marry a Georgian princess, passing off Mount Deshni-lam, which belongs to the entire teip, as his own. Now Deshni live everywhere, even in Ingushetia.
Nashkhoy and Zurzakhoy
Nashkho, the homeland of pure teips, is the entogenetic center of the Nokhchimatiens of the Middle Ages, which are mentioned by Armenian geographers of the nineteenth century. They lived in the southeast of the country. Some researchers classify the entire population of this area as one teip. Others subdivide.
Zurzakhoy is a teip from the original, even in its name it retained the medieval ethnonym - dzurzuk, as the ancestors of the Chechens and Ingush called themselves. This teip was not included in the tukhums, always occupying an independent position. He was not alone like that, even Sadoy, Peshkhoy, Maista.
