What does the expression for Senka and a hat mean. What does the popular expression mean: according to Senka, a hat

This expression According to Senka, a hat means what you deserve is what you got, and you should not hope for more.

And this expression was invented back in the days of the existence of Russian boyars, who wore beautiful fur hats. From these hats it was possible to determine how rich and noble he was. And ordinary people could not afford to wear such hats.

This expression has been known since pre-Petrine times. In the boyar duma, everyone was very proud of their origin, nobility. One of external signs such nobility was the height of the boyar's hat, the higher and richer the hat was, the more noble the family.

According to Senka and a hat - means the correspondence of something to something. Senka is an abstract, allegorical image. My grandmother always said: According to Senka, there is always a hat when it comes to the fact that someone cannot get married (marry) because of some kind of shortcoming. That is, sooner or later this person, in any way, will find a suitable pair for himself.

I think that the expression on Senka's hat means that the person is on his well-deserved revenge. That is, when a person is poor and lazy, then his hat is appropriate and vice versa, when a person is rich and hardworking, then the hat is good.

A popular expression according to Senka and a hat means that life gives each person what he deserved or earned, thanks to his work or position in society. This expression has gone since the time of the Russian boyars. It was customary for them to wear high hats, and the higher and more expensive the hat, the richer the boyar. In turn, ordinary people could not wear such a headdress.

The expression means that everyone receives honor according to his merits.

And merits - this, especially earlier, was a noble, first of all, origin. And the height of this origin could be determined just by the headdress - a hat, by its height. The grander, nobler, more representative the nobleman was, the higher his headdress was.

These hats were called throaty, from the word throat. They were sewn from sable, beaver, marten, the fur was taken from the throat, therefore throat-at.

The common people could not afford such chic, they had neither the necessary funds nor the right, it was not sewn according to Senka, he was not worthy to wear it.

By the way, SenKi, ManKi, VanKi, PetKi were from the people, from the nobles were Semyon, Ivana, Ptra and Marya, by name it was also possible to determine the position of its bearer on the hierarchical ladder.

Everybody knows folk expression A hat is not according to Senka, this means that a person occupies a position that is beyond his strength.

In old Rus', the nobility of the boyar family was determined by the height of the fur hats they wore. The nobler the nobleman was, the higher was such a hat, sewn with sable, marten, and beaver furs.

A simple person not only did not have the means to buy such a hat, but also the right to wear them. As a result of this circumstance, such proverbs as According to Senka and a hat And By Yerma and cap who confirmed - to each honor according to his deserts.

It was correctly noticed by the people and the expression According to Senka and a hat turned into a proverb .... It is appropriate to use it when you mean the state of things and people in 100% of their respective places. That is, for example, if someone was put in his place, and before that the situation was different: a MGIMO graduate became an attaché at the embassy, ​​and a loser from school was a thief or drunkard. But there was a time when both were equal.

This saying used to be - Not for Senka, a hat is sewn. Ren-ka, man-ka was the name of the commoners. And the nobles were Semn, Marya. The nobles wore hats made of expensive furs, but the commoners could not afford them. Then it migrated to - According to Senka and a hat, that is, everyone deserves his own.

This proverb was born even before the revolution. Then the boyars wore throated hats.

They looked like this:

Commoners were forbidden to wear such a headdress. The more significant the boyar was, the higher was his hat and the more expensive the fur from which it was sewn.

That's where this saying came from.

Now the meaning of this phrase is that all people and phenomena are different, each has its own level and size, therefore, different approaches are required. For example, they take a small mongrel with them to hunt for some small animal, and they take a wolfhound to hunt for a wolf. According to Senka and a hat. In this example, Senka is a wolf, and a wolfhound is a hat.

According to tradition, men in Rus' took off their hats at the entrance to the church and folded them at the entrance, and at the end of the service they took them back. The one who was late came already to the hat, and since then this expression has stuck in the meaning of "to come somewhere too late, when everything is already over." And the expression "nodding acquaintance", meaning a superficial and cursory acquaintance with someone, is also associated with an old custom. When acquaintances or friends met, they raised their hats as a sign of greeting, and only friends shook hands.

The custom to cover the hair came to us from ancient times. It was then that the idea was born that hair is the seat of magical life force.
In Rus', a hat, more than any other piece of clothing, testified to a person's belonging to one or another class. Perhaps in those days there was a saying "Across Senka and a hat". famous proverb“According to Senka and a hat” was first recorded in Russian writing as early as the 17th century. From the proverb, Senka had a rich selection of hats, but property opportunities allowed him to wear a felt cap and a sheepskin hat. The boyar dressed richer: in winter he wore a sable hat, and under it a warm cap, in summer - a downy hat, and at home he rested in an elegantly embroidered tafeyka.

Word a cap arose in Russian from the French borrowing shap, igapa, although it is also suggested that Turkic origin this word. Texts from the 17th century along with the common hat, they also used a hat, a hat, which can be considered historically original for a hat (shap + k + a with the original diminutive, which soon disappears): “The Novgorodian Anufreya Artemiev, the son of 110 caps of Musk, showed up”; “Michael didn’t give me a hat, but I’m here with me, so I’ll give your hat.” These examples are taken from historical sources XVII V.
All Russian men's hats were divided into several types. “Ordinary citizens have hats made of white felt in summer, and made of cloth lined with fur in winter,” Olearius noted. These hats were called kolpak, although the name itself appeared only in the 17th century, before that the hats were felted and were called felt boots.

The nobility of the boyar clan in old Rus' could easily be established by the height of their fur "throat" hats (they were called throaty because the fur for them was taken from the throat of a killed beast) hats. The more noble and dignitary the nobleman was, the higher such a hat rose above his head. The common people did not have the right (and even the means) to wear these luxurious hats made of marten, beaver or sable fur. From here the proverbs were born: “After Senka and a hat” or “After Yerem and a cap”, that is: to each honor according to his merits.

In Rus', the boyars wore high hats made of marten, sable or beaver fur; the more noble and ancient the boyar family was considered, the higher the hat was. (N. Kostomarov "Essay on domestic life and customs of the Great Russian people in the 16th and 17th centuries")

English analogues of the phraseological unit "According to Senka's hat"

• The cobbler should stick to his last - the shoemaker should hold on to his block
• The higher the ape goes, the more he shows his tail - the higher the monkey climbs, the more visible its tail
• To fit like a glove - fits like a glove

Synonyms of the saying "Not according to Senka hat"

• You don't take it according to order
• You can't buy the mind with wealth
• According to Erem and cap
• To each his own
• God bless the one who knows how to take it down
• By merit and honor
• Honored Savva neither in honor nor in glory
• By the serf and the master

The use of the phrase in literature

- “Good God! Pushkin was killed, Lermontov was killed, Pisarev was drowned, Ryleev was strangled... Would you say the government is to blame? But after all, a master is a slave, a hat is a cap according to Senka ”( I. Bunin "Village")
- “Klavka, having excited the old people, began to argue easily, with a smile: - Aunt Daria, yes, you are like that. Breathe incense yourself and choose your own life. According to Senka, a hat "( V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera")
- “Evlalia Andreevna, I see that we are rivals. Listen, give me Artemy Vasilyevich undeniably. You need ideal people, with lofty feelings, but for me he is like that, this one suits me too. According to Senka and a hat "( A. Ostrovsky "Slaves")
- “The captain’s house stood on a hillock .. the abomination of desolation was visible everywhere: the columns were askew, the roof was rotten, the mezzanine stood with broken glass. “Senka and a hat,” Lekandra said, climbing the staggering steps of the collapsed porch ”( D. Mamin-Sibiryak "We all eat bread").
- “And in a few minutes I was convinced that now that she was gone, the need to think about her had lost its sharpness .. - In the end - her death is not so mysterious, something ... something like that should have happened. According to Senka - a hat "( M. Gorky "The Life of Klim Samgin")

Hats, clothes and appearance since ancient times have been hallmark defining different classes. External data is important condition in order to be considered one's own in the circle of a certain social class. In Rus', it was the hat that showed a person's belonging to one or another class. Previously, Senka was called a nobleman who sits in the Senate, so he had to wear a hat in accordance with his estate. Simple people caps were usually worn, which is why there is an analogue of the saying “A hat for Senka”, which says that “a cap for Yerema”.

In general, the custom to cover the hair came to us from ancient times. It was then that people began to consider hair as a container magical power. So, combed and cut hair could not just be thrown away - it was believed that this could cause headache or, even worse, a sorcerer will find them and bring trouble to the owner of the hair.

In Rus', men cut their hair short. Usually they did a haircut with the help of a pot, which was called “under the pot”. In order to make this hairstyle, you just had to put a pot up to your head and cut off the protruding edges of the hair. The women wore long hair braided. Moreover, they wore one braid before marriage and two after they get married. Married woman could not appear in public without a headdress.

The headdress on a woman is, first of all, a tribute to tradition and decoration. The male headdress indicated his position and social status. The Russian nobility could wear hats made of velvet and valuable fur. In addition, the headdress of a woman could determine her age. Family status And what area does she live in?

All men's hats in Rus' can be divided into several types. Common people wore hats made of white felt in summer, and cloth and fur in winter. Wealthy people they could wear hats made of fine cloth or velvet, and the rich could afford hats made of brocade or satin, in addition, a band with pearls could be fastened here. Moscow dandies added gold buttons to such a hat. The headdresses of the kings amazed with their splendor and luxurious decoration. One of these headdresses is the well-known "Monomakh's hat". She came to Russia in the XIV century. as a gift from the Bukhara prince and since then has become a symbol of power and autocracy in Russia. The cap also helped to determine the nobility of the boyars. So, this could be understood by how high their fur "throated" were (hats made from fur taken from the throat of an animal). The more noble a person was, the higher was the cap on his head.

The common people had no right to wear luxurious fur hats made from sable, beaver or marten fur. Most likely, it was from those times that such an expression as “according to Senka a hat” went. In modern Russian, phraseologism is used when we want to say that a person claims something that he does not deserve in accordance with his capabilities, spiritual qualities or mental ability.